| 1 | | - | Assembly Bill No. 2185 CHAPTER 817 An act to add Section 372.5 to the Code of Civil Procedure, relating to civil actions. [ Approved by Governor September 27, 2018. Filed with Secretary of State September 27, 2018. ] LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 2185, Chiu. Civil actions: appointment of guardian ad litem.Existing law authorizes a court to appoint a guardian ad litem to appear in a proceeding on behalf of a party who is a minor, a person who lacks legal capacity to make decisions, or a person for whom a conservator has been appointed, and establishes procedures for the appointed of a guardian ad litem. Existing law requires the title of the complaint in a civil action to include the names of all parties to the action.This bill would authorize a court to permit a guardian ad litem to be appointed and appear under a pseudonym if the guardian ad litem establishes facts and circumstances that demonstrate an overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity. The bill would require the court to make specified findings in granting that permission. If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, the bill would require all court decisions, orders, petitions, and other documents to be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary to permit a party to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action. The bill would give the court discretion to reconsider its decision.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: NO Local Program: NO Bill TextThe people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 372.5 is added to the Code of Civil Procedure, to read:372.5. (a) The court may appoint a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym pursuant to the requirements of this section.(b) A person who applies for appointment as a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym shall, at the same time that the application is filed, file an ex parte request for leave to appear under a pseudonym. The ex parte request shall allege facts and circumstances establishing the guardian ad litems overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(c) To permit an applicant for appointment as a guardian ad litem to appear under pseudonym, the court shall make each of the following findings:(1) That the applicant has an overriding interest in preserving anonymity that supports permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym.(2) That there is a substantial probability that the applicants interest in preserving anonymity will be prejudiced if the applicant is not permitted to appear under a pseudonym.(3) That permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym is narrowly tailored to serve the applicants interest in preserving anonymity without unduly prejudicing the publics right of access or the ability of the other parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(4) That there are no less restrictive means of protecting the applicants interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(d) (1) The court may make any further orders necessary to preserve the applicants anonymity or to allow the other parties or financial institutions to know the applicants identity to the extent necessary to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) In addition to any other orders, the court may require a guardian ad litem who is permitted to appear under a pseudonym and is not represented by counsel to designate a mailing or electronic address for service of process and to consent to accept service of process under the pseudonym at that address for purposes of the action.(e) (1) If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, all court decisions, orders, petitions, and any documents filed with the court shall be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary for the parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) For purposes of this subdivision, personal identifying information includes the guardian ad litems name or any part thereof, his or her address or any part thereof, and the city or unincorporated area of the guardian ad litems residence.(f) The responsibility for excluding the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from documents filed with the court rests solely with the parties and their attorneys. This section does not require the court to review pleadings or other papers for compliance with this subdivision.(g) After granting permission for a guardian ad litem to appear under a pseudonym pursuant to this section, the court shall retain discretion to reconsider its decision.(h) This section does not affect the right of a plaintiff or petitioner to pursue litigation under a pseudonym in appropriate circumstances. |
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| 1 | + | Enrolled August 31, 2018 Passed IN Senate August 27, 2018 Passed IN Assembly August 29, 2018 Amended IN Senate August 23, 2018 Amended IN Senate June 25, 2018 Amended IN Assembly May 17, 2018 Amended IN Assembly April 09, 2018 Amended IN Assembly March 15, 2018 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20172018 REGULAR SESSION Assembly Bill No. 2185Introduced by Assembly Member ChiuFebruary 12, 2018 An act to add Section 372.5 to the Code of Civil Procedure, relating to civil actions.LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 2185, Chiu. Civil actions: appointment of guardian ad litem.Existing law authorizes a court to appoint a guardian ad litem to appear in a proceeding on behalf of a party who is a minor, a person who lacks legal capacity to make decisions, or a person for whom a conservator has been appointed, and establishes procedures for the appointed of a guardian ad litem. Existing law requires the title of the complaint in a civil action to include the names of all parties to the action.This bill would authorize a court to permit a guardian ad litem to be appointed and appear under a pseudonym if the guardian ad litem establishes facts and circumstances that demonstrate an overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity. The bill would require the court to make specified findings in granting that permission. If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, the bill would require all court decisions, orders, petitions, and other documents to be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary to permit a party to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action. The bill would give the court discretion to reconsider its decision.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: NO Local Program: NO Bill TextThe people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 372.5 is added to the Code of Civil Procedure, to read:372.5. (a) The court may appoint a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym pursuant to the requirements of this section.(b) A person who applies for appointment as a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym shall, at the same time that the application is filed, file an ex parte request for leave to appear under a pseudonym. The ex parte request shall allege facts and circumstances establishing the guardian ad litems overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(c) To permit an applicant for appointment as a guardian ad litem to appear under pseudonym, the court shall make each of the following findings:(1) That the applicant has an overriding interest in preserving anonymity that supports permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym.(2) That there is a substantial probability that the applicants interest in preserving anonymity will be prejudiced if the applicant is not permitted to appear under a pseudonym.(3) That permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym is narrowly tailored to serve the applicants interest in preserving anonymity without unduly prejudicing the publics right of access or the ability of the other parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(4) That there are no less restrictive means of protecting the applicants interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(d) (1) The court may make any further orders necessary to preserve the applicants anonymity or to allow the other parties or financial institutions to know the applicants identity to the extent necessary to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) In addition to any other orders, the court may require a guardian ad litem who is permitted to appear under a pseudonym and is not represented by counsel to designate a mailing or electronic address for service of process and to consent to accept service of process under the pseudonym at that address for purposes of the action.(e) (1) If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, all court decisions, orders, petitions, and any documents filed with the court shall be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary for the parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) For purposes of this subdivision, personal identifying information includes the guardian ad litems name or any part thereof, his or her address or any part thereof, and the city or unincorporated area of the guardian ad litems residence.(f) The responsibility for excluding the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from documents filed with the court rests solely with the parties and their attorneys. This section does not require the court to review pleadings or other papers for compliance with this subdivision.(g) After granting permission for a guardian ad litem to appear under a pseudonym pursuant to this section, the court shall retain discretion to reconsider its decision.(h) This section does not affect the right of a plaintiff or petitioner to pursue litigation under a pseudonym in appropriate circumstances. |
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| 3 | | - | Assembly Bill No. 2185 CHAPTER 817 An act to add Section 372.5 to the Code of Civil Procedure, relating to civil actions. [ Approved by Governor September 27, 2018. Filed with Secretary of State September 27, 2018. ] LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 2185, Chiu. Civil actions: appointment of guardian ad litem.Existing law authorizes a court to appoint a guardian ad litem to appear in a proceeding on behalf of a party who is a minor, a person who lacks legal capacity to make decisions, or a person for whom a conservator has been appointed, and establishes procedures for the appointed of a guardian ad litem. Existing law requires the title of the complaint in a civil action to include the names of all parties to the action.This bill would authorize a court to permit a guardian ad litem to be appointed and appear under a pseudonym if the guardian ad litem establishes facts and circumstances that demonstrate an overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity. The bill would require the court to make specified findings in granting that permission. If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, the bill would require all court decisions, orders, petitions, and other documents to be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary to permit a party to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action. The bill would give the court discretion to reconsider its decision.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: NO Local Program: NO |
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| 3 | + | Enrolled August 31, 2018 Passed IN Senate August 27, 2018 Passed IN Assembly August 29, 2018 Amended IN Senate August 23, 2018 Amended IN Senate June 25, 2018 Amended IN Assembly May 17, 2018 Amended IN Assembly April 09, 2018 Amended IN Assembly March 15, 2018 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20172018 REGULAR SESSION Assembly Bill No. 2185Introduced by Assembly Member ChiuFebruary 12, 2018 An act to add Section 372.5 to the Code of Civil Procedure, relating to civil actions.LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 2185, Chiu. Civil actions: appointment of guardian ad litem.Existing law authorizes a court to appoint a guardian ad litem to appear in a proceeding on behalf of a party who is a minor, a person who lacks legal capacity to make decisions, or a person for whom a conservator has been appointed, and establishes procedures for the appointed of a guardian ad litem. Existing law requires the title of the complaint in a civil action to include the names of all parties to the action.This bill would authorize a court to permit a guardian ad litem to be appointed and appear under a pseudonym if the guardian ad litem establishes facts and circumstances that demonstrate an overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity. The bill would require the court to make specified findings in granting that permission. If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, the bill would require all court decisions, orders, petitions, and other documents to be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary to permit a party to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action. The bill would give the court discretion to reconsider its decision.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: NO Local Program: NO |
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| 4 | + | |
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| 5 | + | Enrolled August 31, 2018 Passed IN Senate August 27, 2018 Passed IN Assembly August 29, 2018 Amended IN Senate August 23, 2018 Amended IN Senate June 25, 2018 Amended IN Assembly May 17, 2018 Amended IN Assembly April 09, 2018 Amended IN Assembly March 15, 2018 |
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| 6 | + | |
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| 7 | + | Enrolled August 31, 2018 |
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| 8 | + | Passed IN Senate August 27, 2018 |
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| 9 | + | Passed IN Assembly August 29, 2018 |
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| 10 | + | Amended IN Senate August 23, 2018 |
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| 11 | + | Amended IN Senate June 25, 2018 |
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| 12 | + | Amended IN Assembly May 17, 2018 |
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| 13 | + | Amended IN Assembly April 09, 2018 |
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| 14 | + | Amended IN Assembly March 15, 2018 |
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| 15 | + | |
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| 16 | + | CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20172018 REGULAR SESSION |
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| 11 | 26 | | |
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| 12 | 27 | | LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST |
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| 13 | 28 | | |
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| 14 | 29 | | ## LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST |
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| 15 | 30 | | |
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| 16 | 31 | | AB 2185, Chiu. Civil actions: appointment of guardian ad litem. |
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| 17 | 32 | | |
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| 18 | 33 | | Existing law authorizes a court to appoint a guardian ad litem to appear in a proceeding on behalf of a party who is a minor, a person who lacks legal capacity to make decisions, or a person for whom a conservator has been appointed, and establishes procedures for the appointed of a guardian ad litem. Existing law requires the title of the complaint in a civil action to include the names of all parties to the action.This bill would authorize a court to permit a guardian ad litem to be appointed and appear under a pseudonym if the guardian ad litem establishes facts and circumstances that demonstrate an overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity. The bill would require the court to make specified findings in granting that permission. If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, the bill would require all court decisions, orders, petitions, and other documents to be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary to permit a party to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action. The bill would give the court discretion to reconsider its decision. |
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| 19 | 34 | | |
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| 20 | 35 | | Existing law authorizes a court to appoint a guardian ad litem to appear in a proceeding on behalf of a party who is a minor, a person who lacks legal capacity to make decisions, or a person for whom a conservator has been appointed, and establishes procedures for the appointed of a guardian ad litem. Existing law requires the title of the complaint in a civil action to include the names of all parties to the action. |
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| 21 | 36 | | |
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| 22 | 37 | | This bill would authorize a court to permit a guardian ad litem to be appointed and appear under a pseudonym if the guardian ad litem establishes facts and circumstances that demonstrate an overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity. The bill would require the court to make specified findings in granting that permission. If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, the bill would require all court decisions, orders, petitions, and other documents to be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary to permit a party to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action. The bill would give the court discretion to reconsider its decision. |
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| 23 | 38 | | |
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| 24 | 39 | | ## Digest Key |
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| 25 | 40 | | |
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| 26 | 41 | | ## Bill Text |
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| 27 | 42 | | |
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| 28 | 43 | | The people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 372.5 is added to the Code of Civil Procedure, to read:372.5. (a) The court may appoint a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym pursuant to the requirements of this section.(b) A person who applies for appointment as a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym shall, at the same time that the application is filed, file an ex parte request for leave to appear under a pseudonym. The ex parte request shall allege facts and circumstances establishing the guardian ad litems overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(c) To permit an applicant for appointment as a guardian ad litem to appear under pseudonym, the court shall make each of the following findings:(1) That the applicant has an overriding interest in preserving anonymity that supports permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym.(2) That there is a substantial probability that the applicants interest in preserving anonymity will be prejudiced if the applicant is not permitted to appear under a pseudonym.(3) That permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym is narrowly tailored to serve the applicants interest in preserving anonymity without unduly prejudicing the publics right of access or the ability of the other parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(4) That there are no less restrictive means of protecting the applicants interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(d) (1) The court may make any further orders necessary to preserve the applicants anonymity or to allow the other parties or financial institutions to know the applicants identity to the extent necessary to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) In addition to any other orders, the court may require a guardian ad litem who is permitted to appear under a pseudonym and is not represented by counsel to designate a mailing or electronic address for service of process and to consent to accept service of process under the pseudonym at that address for purposes of the action.(e) (1) If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, all court decisions, orders, petitions, and any documents filed with the court shall be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary for the parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) For purposes of this subdivision, personal identifying information includes the guardian ad litems name or any part thereof, his or her address or any part thereof, and the city or unincorporated area of the guardian ad litems residence.(f) The responsibility for excluding the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from documents filed with the court rests solely with the parties and their attorneys. This section does not require the court to review pleadings or other papers for compliance with this subdivision.(g) After granting permission for a guardian ad litem to appear under a pseudonym pursuant to this section, the court shall retain discretion to reconsider its decision.(h) This section does not affect the right of a plaintiff or petitioner to pursue litigation under a pseudonym in appropriate circumstances. |
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| 29 | 44 | | |
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| 30 | 45 | | The people of the State of California do enact as follows: |
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| 31 | 46 | | |
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| 32 | 47 | | ## The people of the State of California do enact as follows: |
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| 33 | 48 | | |
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| 34 | 49 | | SECTION 1. Section 372.5 is added to the Code of Civil Procedure, to read:372.5. (a) The court may appoint a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym pursuant to the requirements of this section.(b) A person who applies for appointment as a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym shall, at the same time that the application is filed, file an ex parte request for leave to appear under a pseudonym. The ex parte request shall allege facts and circumstances establishing the guardian ad litems overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(c) To permit an applicant for appointment as a guardian ad litem to appear under pseudonym, the court shall make each of the following findings:(1) That the applicant has an overriding interest in preserving anonymity that supports permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym.(2) That there is a substantial probability that the applicants interest in preserving anonymity will be prejudiced if the applicant is not permitted to appear under a pseudonym.(3) That permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym is narrowly tailored to serve the applicants interest in preserving anonymity without unduly prejudicing the publics right of access or the ability of the other parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(4) That there are no less restrictive means of protecting the applicants interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(d) (1) The court may make any further orders necessary to preserve the applicants anonymity or to allow the other parties or financial institutions to know the applicants identity to the extent necessary to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) In addition to any other orders, the court may require a guardian ad litem who is permitted to appear under a pseudonym and is not represented by counsel to designate a mailing or electronic address for service of process and to consent to accept service of process under the pseudonym at that address for purposes of the action.(e) (1) If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, all court decisions, orders, petitions, and any documents filed with the court shall be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary for the parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) For purposes of this subdivision, personal identifying information includes the guardian ad litems name or any part thereof, his or her address or any part thereof, and the city or unincorporated area of the guardian ad litems residence.(f) The responsibility for excluding the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from documents filed with the court rests solely with the parties and their attorneys. This section does not require the court to review pleadings or other papers for compliance with this subdivision.(g) After granting permission for a guardian ad litem to appear under a pseudonym pursuant to this section, the court shall retain discretion to reconsider its decision.(h) This section does not affect the right of a plaintiff or petitioner to pursue litigation under a pseudonym in appropriate circumstances. |
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| 35 | 50 | | |
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| 36 | 51 | | SECTION 1. Section 372.5 is added to the Code of Civil Procedure, to read: |
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| 37 | 52 | | |
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| 38 | 53 | | ### SECTION 1. |
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| 39 | 54 | | |
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| 40 | 55 | | 372.5. (a) The court may appoint a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym pursuant to the requirements of this section.(b) A person who applies for appointment as a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym shall, at the same time that the application is filed, file an ex parte request for leave to appear under a pseudonym. The ex parte request shall allege facts and circumstances establishing the guardian ad litems overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(c) To permit an applicant for appointment as a guardian ad litem to appear under pseudonym, the court shall make each of the following findings:(1) That the applicant has an overriding interest in preserving anonymity that supports permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym.(2) That there is a substantial probability that the applicants interest in preserving anonymity will be prejudiced if the applicant is not permitted to appear under a pseudonym.(3) That permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym is narrowly tailored to serve the applicants interest in preserving anonymity without unduly prejudicing the publics right of access or the ability of the other parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(4) That there are no less restrictive means of protecting the applicants interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(d) (1) The court may make any further orders necessary to preserve the applicants anonymity or to allow the other parties or financial institutions to know the applicants identity to the extent necessary to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) In addition to any other orders, the court may require a guardian ad litem who is permitted to appear under a pseudonym and is not represented by counsel to designate a mailing or electronic address for service of process and to consent to accept service of process under the pseudonym at that address for purposes of the action.(e) (1) If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, all court decisions, orders, petitions, and any documents filed with the court shall be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary for the parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) For purposes of this subdivision, personal identifying information includes the guardian ad litems name or any part thereof, his or her address or any part thereof, and the city or unincorporated area of the guardian ad litems residence.(f) The responsibility for excluding the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from documents filed with the court rests solely with the parties and their attorneys. This section does not require the court to review pleadings or other papers for compliance with this subdivision.(g) After granting permission for a guardian ad litem to appear under a pseudonym pursuant to this section, the court shall retain discretion to reconsider its decision.(h) This section does not affect the right of a plaintiff or petitioner to pursue litigation under a pseudonym in appropriate circumstances. |
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| 41 | 56 | | |
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| 42 | 57 | | 372.5. (a) The court may appoint a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym pursuant to the requirements of this section.(b) A person who applies for appointment as a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym shall, at the same time that the application is filed, file an ex parte request for leave to appear under a pseudonym. The ex parte request shall allege facts and circumstances establishing the guardian ad litems overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(c) To permit an applicant for appointment as a guardian ad litem to appear under pseudonym, the court shall make each of the following findings:(1) That the applicant has an overriding interest in preserving anonymity that supports permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym.(2) That there is a substantial probability that the applicants interest in preserving anonymity will be prejudiced if the applicant is not permitted to appear under a pseudonym.(3) That permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym is narrowly tailored to serve the applicants interest in preserving anonymity without unduly prejudicing the publics right of access or the ability of the other parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(4) That there are no less restrictive means of protecting the applicants interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(d) (1) The court may make any further orders necessary to preserve the applicants anonymity or to allow the other parties or financial institutions to know the applicants identity to the extent necessary to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) In addition to any other orders, the court may require a guardian ad litem who is permitted to appear under a pseudonym and is not represented by counsel to designate a mailing or electronic address for service of process and to consent to accept service of process under the pseudonym at that address for purposes of the action.(e) (1) If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, all court decisions, orders, petitions, and any documents filed with the court shall be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary for the parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) For purposes of this subdivision, personal identifying information includes the guardian ad litems name or any part thereof, his or her address or any part thereof, and the city or unincorporated area of the guardian ad litems residence.(f) The responsibility for excluding the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from documents filed with the court rests solely with the parties and their attorneys. This section does not require the court to review pleadings or other papers for compliance with this subdivision.(g) After granting permission for a guardian ad litem to appear under a pseudonym pursuant to this section, the court shall retain discretion to reconsider its decision.(h) This section does not affect the right of a plaintiff or petitioner to pursue litigation under a pseudonym in appropriate circumstances. |
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| 43 | 58 | | |
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| 44 | 59 | | 372.5. (a) The court may appoint a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym pursuant to the requirements of this section.(b) A person who applies for appointment as a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym shall, at the same time that the application is filed, file an ex parte request for leave to appear under a pseudonym. The ex parte request shall allege facts and circumstances establishing the guardian ad litems overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(c) To permit an applicant for appointment as a guardian ad litem to appear under pseudonym, the court shall make each of the following findings:(1) That the applicant has an overriding interest in preserving anonymity that supports permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym.(2) That there is a substantial probability that the applicants interest in preserving anonymity will be prejudiced if the applicant is not permitted to appear under a pseudonym.(3) That permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym is narrowly tailored to serve the applicants interest in preserving anonymity without unduly prejudicing the publics right of access or the ability of the other parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(4) That there are no less restrictive means of protecting the applicants interest in preserving his or her anonymity.(d) (1) The court may make any further orders necessary to preserve the applicants anonymity or to allow the other parties or financial institutions to know the applicants identity to the extent necessary to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) In addition to any other orders, the court may require a guardian ad litem who is permitted to appear under a pseudonym and is not represented by counsel to designate a mailing or electronic address for service of process and to consent to accept service of process under the pseudonym at that address for purposes of the action.(e) (1) If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, all court decisions, orders, petitions, and any documents filed with the court shall be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary for the parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action.(2) For purposes of this subdivision, personal identifying information includes the guardian ad litems name or any part thereof, his or her address or any part thereof, and the city or unincorporated area of the guardian ad litems residence.(f) The responsibility for excluding the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from documents filed with the court rests solely with the parties and their attorneys. This section does not require the court to review pleadings or other papers for compliance with this subdivision.(g) After granting permission for a guardian ad litem to appear under a pseudonym pursuant to this section, the court shall retain discretion to reconsider its decision.(h) This section does not affect the right of a plaintiff or petitioner to pursue litigation under a pseudonym in appropriate circumstances. |
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| 45 | 60 | | |
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| 46 | 61 | | |
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| 47 | 62 | | |
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| 48 | 63 | | 372.5. (a) The court may appoint a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym pursuant to the requirements of this section. |
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| 49 | 64 | | |
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| 50 | 65 | | (b) A person who applies for appointment as a guardian ad litem under a pseudonym shall, at the same time that the application is filed, file an ex parte request for leave to appear under a pseudonym. The ex parte request shall allege facts and circumstances establishing the guardian ad litems overriding interest in preserving his or her anonymity. |
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| 51 | 66 | | |
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| 52 | 67 | | (c) To permit an applicant for appointment as a guardian ad litem to appear under pseudonym, the court shall make each of the following findings: |
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| 53 | 68 | | |
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| 54 | 69 | | (1) That the applicant has an overriding interest in preserving anonymity that supports permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym. |
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| 55 | 70 | | |
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| 56 | 71 | | (2) That there is a substantial probability that the applicants interest in preserving anonymity will be prejudiced if the applicant is not permitted to appear under a pseudonym. |
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| 57 | 72 | | |
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| 58 | 73 | | (3) That permitting the applicant to appear under a pseudonym is narrowly tailored to serve the applicants interest in preserving anonymity without unduly prejudicing the publics right of access or the ability of the other parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action. |
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| 59 | 74 | | |
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| 60 | 75 | | (4) That there are no less restrictive means of protecting the applicants interest in preserving his or her anonymity. |
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| 61 | 76 | | |
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| 62 | 77 | | (d) (1) The court may make any further orders necessary to preserve the applicants anonymity or to allow the other parties or financial institutions to know the applicants identity to the extent necessary to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action. |
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| 63 | 78 | | |
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| 64 | 79 | | (2) In addition to any other orders, the court may require a guardian ad litem who is permitted to appear under a pseudonym and is not represented by counsel to designate a mailing or electronic address for service of process and to consent to accept service of process under the pseudonym at that address for purposes of the action. |
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| 65 | 80 | | |
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| 66 | 81 | | (e) (1) If a guardian ad litem is permitted to appear under a pseudonym, all court decisions, orders, petitions, and any documents filed with the court shall be written in a manner that protects the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from public disclosure, except to the extent the information is necessary for the parties to prosecute, defend, or resolve the action. |
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| 67 | 82 | | |
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| 68 | 83 | | (2) For purposes of this subdivision, personal identifying information includes the guardian ad litems name or any part thereof, his or her address or any part thereof, and the city or unincorporated area of the guardian ad litems residence. |
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| 69 | 84 | | |
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| 70 | 85 | | (f) The responsibility for excluding the name and personal identifying information of the guardian ad litem from documents filed with the court rests solely with the parties and their attorneys. This section does not require the court to review pleadings or other papers for compliance with this subdivision. |
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| 71 | 86 | | |
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| 72 | 87 | | (g) After granting permission for a guardian ad litem to appear under a pseudonym pursuant to this section, the court shall retain discretion to reconsider its decision. |
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| 73 | 88 | | |
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| 74 | 89 | | (h) This section does not affect the right of a plaintiff or petitioner to pursue litigation under a pseudonym in appropriate circumstances. |
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