| 1 | 1 | | CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20192020 REGULAR SESSION Assembly Bill No. 1422Introduced by Assembly Members Gipson and ChuFebruary 22, 2019 An act to amend Sections 422.55, 422.56, and 11410 of the Penal Code, relating to hate crimes. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 1422, as introduced, Gipson. Hate crimes: homeless status.Existing law makes an act punishable as a hate crime if it is a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of an actual or perceived characteristic of the victim relating to the victims disability, gender, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with one or more of those actual or perceived characteristics. Under existing law, a person who commits a crime that is a hate crime is required to receive an enhanced sentence. This bill would make it a hate crime to commit a criminal act, in whole or in part, because of the victims actual or perceived homeless status, as defined. By expanding the scope of an enhancement, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program. This bill would also make technical, conforming changes.The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: YES Local Program: YES Bill TextThe people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 422.55 of the Penal Code is amended to read:422.55. For purposes of this title, and for purposes of all other state law unless an explicit provision of law or the context clearly requires a different meaning, the following shall apply:(a) Hate crime means a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of one or more of the following actual or perceived characteristics of the victim:(1) Disability.(2) Gender.(3) Homeless status. (3)(4) Nationality.(4)(5) Race or ethnicity.(5)(6) Religion.(6)(7) Sexual orientation.(7)(8) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics.(b) Hate crime includes, but is not limited to, a violation of Section 422.6.SEC. 2. Section 422.56 of the Penal Code is amended to read:422.56. For purposes of this title, the following definitions shall apply:(a) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground premises owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those the characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(b) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability disability, as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code Code, regardless of whether those disabilities are temporary, permanent, congenital, or acquired by heredity, accident, injury, advanced age, or illness. This definition is declaratory of existing law.(c) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(d) (1) Homeless status means an individuals lack of a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, or an individuals use of a primary nighttime residence that is one of the following:(A) A supervised shelter, either publicly or privately operated, that is designed to provide temporary living accommodations, including, but not limited to, welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for persons with a mental illness.(B) An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals who are intended to be institutionalized.(C) A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.(2) Homeless status does not include a person who is imprisoned or otherwise involuntarily detained pursuant to state or federal law.(d) In whole or in part because of means that the bias motivation must be a cause in fact of the offense, whether or not other causes also exist. When multiple concurrent motives exist, the prohibited bias must be a substantial factor in bringing about the particular result. There is no requirement that the bias be a main factor, or that the crime would not have been committed but for the actual or perceived characteristic. This subdivision does not constitute a change in, but is declaratory of, existing law under In re M.S. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 698 and People v. Superior Court (Aishman) (1995) 10 Cal.4th 735.(e) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(f) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(g) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(h) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.(i) Victim includes, but is not limited to, a community center, educational facility, entity, family, group, individual, office, meeting hall, person, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other victim or intended victim of the offense.SEC. 3. Section 11410 of the Penal Code is amended to read:11410. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that it is the right of every person regardless of actual or perceived disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with these actual or perceived characteristics, to be secure and protected from fear, intimidation, and physical harm caused by the activities of violent groups and individuals. It is not the intent of this chapter to interfere with the exercise of rights protected by the Constitution of the United States. The Legislature recognizes the constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express beliefs on any subject whatsoever and to associate with others who share similar beliefs. The Legislature further finds finds, however, that the advocacy of unlawful violent acts by groups against other persons or groups under circumstances where death or great bodily injury is likely to result is not constitutionally protected, poses a threat to public order and safety, and should be subject to criminal and civil sanctions.(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(2) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code.(3) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(4) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(5) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(6) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(7) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution. |
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| 3 | 3 | | CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20192020 REGULAR SESSION Assembly Bill No. 1422Introduced by Assembly Members Gipson and ChuFebruary 22, 2019 An act to amend Sections 422.55, 422.56, and 11410 of the Penal Code, relating to hate crimes. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 1422, as introduced, Gipson. Hate crimes: homeless status.Existing law makes an act punishable as a hate crime if it is a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of an actual or perceived characteristic of the victim relating to the victims disability, gender, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with one or more of those actual or perceived characteristics. Under existing law, a person who commits a crime that is a hate crime is required to receive an enhanced sentence. This bill would make it a hate crime to commit a criminal act, in whole or in part, because of the victims actual or perceived homeless status, as defined. By expanding the scope of an enhancement, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program. This bill would also make technical, conforming changes.The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: YES Local Program: YES |
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| 6 | 6 | | |
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| 8 | 8 | | |
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| 9 | 9 | | CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20192020 REGULAR SESSION |
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| 10 | 10 | | |
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| 11 | 11 | | Assembly Bill No. 1422 |
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| 12 | 12 | | |
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| 13 | 13 | | Introduced by Assembly Members Gipson and ChuFebruary 22, 2019 |
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| 14 | 14 | | |
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| 15 | 15 | | Introduced by Assembly Members Gipson and Chu |
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| 16 | 16 | | February 22, 2019 |
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| 17 | 17 | | |
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| 18 | 18 | | An act to amend Sections 422.55, 422.56, and 11410 of the Penal Code, relating to hate crimes. |
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| 19 | 19 | | |
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| 20 | 20 | | LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST |
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| 21 | 21 | | |
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| 22 | 22 | | ## LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST |
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| 23 | 23 | | |
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| 24 | 24 | | AB 1422, as introduced, Gipson. Hate crimes: homeless status. |
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| 25 | 25 | | |
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| 26 | 26 | | Existing law makes an act punishable as a hate crime if it is a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of an actual or perceived characteristic of the victim relating to the victims disability, gender, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with one or more of those actual or perceived characteristics. Under existing law, a person who commits a crime that is a hate crime is required to receive an enhanced sentence. This bill would make it a hate crime to commit a criminal act, in whole or in part, because of the victims actual or perceived homeless status, as defined. By expanding the scope of an enhancement, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program. This bill would also make technical, conforming changes.The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement.This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason. |
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| 27 | 27 | | |
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| 28 | 28 | | Existing law makes an act punishable as a hate crime if it is a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of an actual or perceived characteristic of the victim relating to the victims disability, gender, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with one or more of those actual or perceived characteristics. Under existing law, a person who commits a crime that is a hate crime is required to receive an enhanced sentence. |
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| 29 | 29 | | |
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| 30 | 30 | | This bill would make it a hate crime to commit a criminal act, in whole or in part, because of the victims actual or perceived homeless status, as defined. By expanding the scope of an enhancement, this bill would impose a state-mandated local program. This bill would also make technical, conforming changes. |
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| 31 | 31 | | |
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| 32 | 32 | | The California Constitution requires the state to reimburse local agencies and school districts for certain costs mandated by the state. Statutory provisions establish procedures for making that reimbursement. |
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| 33 | 33 | | |
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| 34 | 34 | | This bill would provide that no reimbursement is required by this act for a specified reason. |
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| 35 | 35 | | |
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| 36 | 36 | | ## Digest Key |
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| 37 | 37 | | |
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| 38 | 38 | | ## Bill Text |
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| 39 | 39 | | |
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| 40 | 40 | | The people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 422.55 of the Penal Code is amended to read:422.55. For purposes of this title, and for purposes of all other state law unless an explicit provision of law or the context clearly requires a different meaning, the following shall apply:(a) Hate crime means a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of one or more of the following actual or perceived characteristics of the victim:(1) Disability.(2) Gender.(3) Homeless status. (3)(4) Nationality.(4)(5) Race or ethnicity.(5)(6) Religion.(6)(7) Sexual orientation.(7)(8) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics.(b) Hate crime includes, but is not limited to, a violation of Section 422.6.SEC. 2. Section 422.56 of the Penal Code is amended to read:422.56. For purposes of this title, the following definitions shall apply:(a) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground premises owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those the characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(b) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability disability, as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code Code, regardless of whether those disabilities are temporary, permanent, congenital, or acquired by heredity, accident, injury, advanced age, or illness. This definition is declaratory of existing law.(c) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(d) (1) Homeless status means an individuals lack of a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, or an individuals use of a primary nighttime residence that is one of the following:(A) A supervised shelter, either publicly or privately operated, that is designed to provide temporary living accommodations, including, but not limited to, welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for persons with a mental illness.(B) An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals who are intended to be institutionalized.(C) A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.(2) Homeless status does not include a person who is imprisoned or otherwise involuntarily detained pursuant to state or federal law.(d) In whole or in part because of means that the bias motivation must be a cause in fact of the offense, whether or not other causes also exist. When multiple concurrent motives exist, the prohibited bias must be a substantial factor in bringing about the particular result. There is no requirement that the bias be a main factor, or that the crime would not have been committed but for the actual or perceived characteristic. This subdivision does not constitute a change in, but is declaratory of, existing law under In re M.S. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 698 and People v. Superior Court (Aishman) (1995) 10 Cal.4th 735.(e) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(f) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(g) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(h) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.(i) Victim includes, but is not limited to, a community center, educational facility, entity, family, group, individual, office, meeting hall, person, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other victim or intended victim of the offense.SEC. 3. Section 11410 of the Penal Code is amended to read:11410. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that it is the right of every person regardless of actual or perceived disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with these actual or perceived characteristics, to be secure and protected from fear, intimidation, and physical harm caused by the activities of violent groups and individuals. It is not the intent of this chapter to interfere with the exercise of rights protected by the Constitution of the United States. The Legislature recognizes the constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express beliefs on any subject whatsoever and to associate with others who share similar beliefs. The Legislature further finds finds, however, that the advocacy of unlawful violent acts by groups against other persons or groups under circumstances where death or great bodily injury is likely to result is not constitutionally protected, poses a threat to public order and safety, and should be subject to criminal and civil sanctions.(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(2) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code.(3) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(4) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(5) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(6) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(7) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution. |
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| 41 | 41 | | |
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| 42 | 42 | | The people of the State of California do enact as follows: |
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| 43 | 43 | | |
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| 44 | 44 | | ## The people of the State of California do enact as follows: |
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| 45 | 45 | | |
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| 46 | 46 | | SECTION 1. Section 422.55 of the Penal Code is amended to read:422.55. For purposes of this title, and for purposes of all other state law unless an explicit provision of law or the context clearly requires a different meaning, the following shall apply:(a) Hate crime means a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of one or more of the following actual or perceived characteristics of the victim:(1) Disability.(2) Gender.(3) Homeless status. (3)(4) Nationality.(4)(5) Race or ethnicity.(5)(6) Religion.(6)(7) Sexual orientation.(7)(8) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics.(b) Hate crime includes, but is not limited to, a violation of Section 422.6. |
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| 47 | 47 | | |
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| 48 | 48 | | SECTION 1. Section 422.55 of the Penal Code is amended to read: |
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| 49 | 49 | | |
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| 50 | 50 | | ### SECTION 1. |
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| 51 | 51 | | |
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| 52 | 52 | | 422.55. For purposes of this title, and for purposes of all other state law unless an explicit provision of law or the context clearly requires a different meaning, the following shall apply:(a) Hate crime means a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of one or more of the following actual or perceived characteristics of the victim:(1) Disability.(2) Gender.(3) Homeless status. (3)(4) Nationality.(4)(5) Race or ethnicity.(5)(6) Religion.(6)(7) Sexual orientation.(7)(8) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics.(b) Hate crime includes, but is not limited to, a violation of Section 422.6. |
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| 53 | 53 | | |
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| 54 | 54 | | 422.55. For purposes of this title, and for purposes of all other state law unless an explicit provision of law or the context clearly requires a different meaning, the following shall apply:(a) Hate crime means a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of one or more of the following actual or perceived characteristics of the victim:(1) Disability.(2) Gender.(3) Homeless status. (3)(4) Nationality.(4)(5) Race or ethnicity.(5)(6) Religion.(6)(7) Sexual orientation.(7)(8) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics.(b) Hate crime includes, but is not limited to, a violation of Section 422.6. |
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| 55 | 55 | | |
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| 56 | 56 | | 422.55. For purposes of this title, and for purposes of all other state law unless an explicit provision of law or the context clearly requires a different meaning, the following shall apply:(a) Hate crime means a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of one or more of the following actual or perceived characteristics of the victim:(1) Disability.(2) Gender.(3) Homeless status. (3)(4) Nationality.(4)(5) Race or ethnicity.(5)(6) Religion.(6)(7) Sexual orientation.(7)(8) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics.(b) Hate crime includes, but is not limited to, a violation of Section 422.6. |
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| 57 | 57 | | |
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| 58 | 58 | | |
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| 59 | 59 | | |
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| 60 | 60 | | 422.55. For purposes of this title, and for purposes of all other state law unless an explicit provision of law or the context clearly requires a different meaning, the following shall apply: |
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| 61 | 61 | | |
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| 62 | 62 | | (a) Hate crime means a criminal act committed, in whole or in part, because of one or more of the following actual or perceived characteristics of the victim: |
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| 63 | 63 | | |
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| 64 | 64 | | (1) Disability. |
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| 65 | 65 | | |
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| 66 | 66 | | (2) Gender. |
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| 67 | 67 | | |
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| 68 | 68 | | (3) Homeless status. |
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| 69 | 69 | | |
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| 70 | 70 | | (3) |
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| 71 | 71 | | |
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| 72 | 72 | | |
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| 73 | 73 | | |
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| 74 | 74 | | (4) Nationality. |
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| 75 | 75 | | |
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| 76 | 76 | | (4) |
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| 77 | 77 | | |
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| 78 | 78 | | |
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| 79 | 79 | | |
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| 80 | 80 | | (5) Race or ethnicity. |
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| 81 | 81 | | |
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| 82 | 82 | | (5) |
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| 83 | 83 | | |
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| 84 | 84 | | |
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| 85 | 85 | | |
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| 86 | 86 | | (6) Religion. |
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| 87 | 87 | | |
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| 88 | 88 | | (6) |
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| 89 | 89 | | |
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| 90 | 90 | | |
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| 91 | 91 | | |
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| 92 | 92 | | (7) Sexual orientation. |
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| 93 | 93 | | |
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| 94 | 94 | | (7) |
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| 95 | 95 | | |
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| 96 | 96 | | |
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| 97 | 97 | | |
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| 98 | 98 | | (8) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics. |
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| 99 | 99 | | |
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| 100 | 100 | | (b) Hate crime includes, but is not limited to, a violation of Section 422.6. |
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| 101 | 101 | | |
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| 102 | 102 | | SEC. 2. Section 422.56 of the Penal Code is amended to read:422.56. For purposes of this title, the following definitions shall apply:(a) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground premises owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those the characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(b) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability disability, as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code Code, regardless of whether those disabilities are temporary, permanent, congenital, or acquired by heredity, accident, injury, advanced age, or illness. This definition is declaratory of existing law.(c) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(d) (1) Homeless status means an individuals lack of a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, or an individuals use of a primary nighttime residence that is one of the following:(A) A supervised shelter, either publicly or privately operated, that is designed to provide temporary living accommodations, including, but not limited to, welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for persons with a mental illness.(B) An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals who are intended to be institutionalized.(C) A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.(2) Homeless status does not include a person who is imprisoned or otherwise involuntarily detained pursuant to state or federal law.(d) In whole or in part because of means that the bias motivation must be a cause in fact of the offense, whether or not other causes also exist. When multiple concurrent motives exist, the prohibited bias must be a substantial factor in bringing about the particular result. There is no requirement that the bias be a main factor, or that the crime would not have been committed but for the actual or perceived characteristic. This subdivision does not constitute a change in, but is declaratory of, existing law under In re M.S. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 698 and People v. Superior Court (Aishman) (1995) 10 Cal.4th 735.(e) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(f) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(g) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(h) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.(i) Victim includes, but is not limited to, a community center, educational facility, entity, family, group, individual, office, meeting hall, person, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other victim or intended victim of the offense. |
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| 103 | 103 | | |
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| 104 | 104 | | SEC. 2. Section 422.56 of the Penal Code is amended to read: |
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| 105 | 105 | | |
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| 106 | 106 | | ### SEC. 2. |
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| 107 | 107 | | |
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| 108 | 108 | | 422.56. For purposes of this title, the following definitions shall apply:(a) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground premises owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those the characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(b) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability disability, as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code Code, regardless of whether those disabilities are temporary, permanent, congenital, or acquired by heredity, accident, injury, advanced age, or illness. This definition is declaratory of existing law.(c) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(d) (1) Homeless status means an individuals lack of a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, or an individuals use of a primary nighttime residence that is one of the following:(A) A supervised shelter, either publicly or privately operated, that is designed to provide temporary living accommodations, including, but not limited to, welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for persons with a mental illness.(B) An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals who are intended to be institutionalized.(C) A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.(2) Homeless status does not include a person who is imprisoned or otherwise involuntarily detained pursuant to state or federal law.(d) In whole or in part because of means that the bias motivation must be a cause in fact of the offense, whether or not other causes also exist. When multiple concurrent motives exist, the prohibited bias must be a substantial factor in bringing about the particular result. There is no requirement that the bias be a main factor, or that the crime would not have been committed but for the actual or perceived characteristic. This subdivision does not constitute a change in, but is declaratory of, existing law under In re M.S. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 698 and People v. Superior Court (Aishman) (1995) 10 Cal.4th 735.(e) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(f) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(g) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(h) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.(i) Victim includes, but is not limited to, a community center, educational facility, entity, family, group, individual, office, meeting hall, person, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other victim or intended victim of the offense. |
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| 109 | 109 | | |
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| 110 | 110 | | 422.56. For purposes of this title, the following definitions shall apply:(a) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground premises owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those the characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(b) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability disability, as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code Code, regardless of whether those disabilities are temporary, permanent, congenital, or acquired by heredity, accident, injury, advanced age, or illness. This definition is declaratory of existing law.(c) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(d) (1) Homeless status means an individuals lack of a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, or an individuals use of a primary nighttime residence that is one of the following:(A) A supervised shelter, either publicly or privately operated, that is designed to provide temporary living accommodations, including, but not limited to, welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for persons with a mental illness.(B) An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals who are intended to be institutionalized.(C) A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.(2) Homeless status does not include a person who is imprisoned or otherwise involuntarily detained pursuant to state or federal law.(d) In whole or in part because of means that the bias motivation must be a cause in fact of the offense, whether or not other causes also exist. When multiple concurrent motives exist, the prohibited bias must be a substantial factor in bringing about the particular result. There is no requirement that the bias be a main factor, or that the crime would not have been committed but for the actual or perceived characteristic. This subdivision does not constitute a change in, but is declaratory of, existing law under In re M.S. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 698 and People v. Superior Court (Aishman) (1995) 10 Cal.4th 735.(e) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(f) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(g) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(h) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.(i) Victim includes, but is not limited to, a community center, educational facility, entity, family, group, individual, office, meeting hall, person, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other victim or intended victim of the offense. |
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| 111 | 111 | | |
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| 112 | 112 | | 422.56. For purposes of this title, the following definitions shall apply:(a) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground premises owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those the characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(b) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability disability, as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code Code, regardless of whether those disabilities are temporary, permanent, congenital, or acquired by heredity, accident, injury, advanced age, or illness. This definition is declaratory of existing law.(c) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(d) (1) Homeless status means an individuals lack of a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, or an individuals use of a primary nighttime residence that is one of the following:(A) A supervised shelter, either publicly or privately operated, that is designed to provide temporary living accommodations, including, but not limited to, welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for persons with a mental illness.(B) An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals who are intended to be institutionalized.(C) A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.(2) Homeless status does not include a person who is imprisoned or otherwise involuntarily detained pursuant to state or federal law.(d) In whole or in part because of means that the bias motivation must be a cause in fact of the offense, whether or not other causes also exist. When multiple concurrent motives exist, the prohibited bias must be a substantial factor in bringing about the particular result. There is no requirement that the bias be a main factor, or that the crime would not have been committed but for the actual or perceived characteristic. This subdivision does not constitute a change in, but is declaratory of, existing law under In re M.S. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 698 and People v. Superior Court (Aishman) (1995) 10 Cal.4th 735.(e) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(f) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(g) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(h) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality.(i) Victim includes, but is not limited to, a community center, educational facility, entity, family, group, individual, office, meeting hall, person, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other victim or intended victim of the offense. |
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| 113 | 113 | | |
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| 114 | 114 | | |
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| 115 | 115 | | |
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| 116 | 116 | | 422.56. For purposes of this title, the following definitions shall apply: |
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| 117 | 117 | | |
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| 118 | 118 | | (a) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground premises owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those the characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55. |
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| 119 | 119 | | |
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| 120 | 120 | | (b) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability disability, as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code Code, regardless of whether those disabilities are temporary, permanent, congenital, or acquired by heredity, accident, injury, advanced age, or illness. This definition is declaratory of existing law. |
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| 121 | 121 | | |
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| 122 | 122 | | (c) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth. |
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| 123 | 123 | | |
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| 124 | 124 | | (d) (1) Homeless status means an individuals lack of a fixed, regular, and adequate nighttime residence, or an individuals use of a primary nighttime residence that is one of the following: |
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| 125 | 125 | | |
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| 126 | 126 | | (A) A supervised shelter, either publicly or privately operated, that is designed to provide temporary living accommodations, including, but not limited to, welfare hotels, congregate shelters, and transitional housing for persons with a mental illness. |
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| 127 | 127 | | |
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| 128 | 128 | | (B) An institution that provides a temporary residence for individuals who are intended to be institutionalized. |
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| 129 | 129 | | |
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| 130 | 130 | | (C) A public or private place not designed for, or ordinarily used as, a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings. |
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| 131 | 131 | | |
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| 132 | 132 | | (2) Homeless status does not include a person who is imprisoned or otherwise involuntarily detained pursuant to state or federal law. |
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| 133 | 133 | | |
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| 134 | 134 | | (d) In whole or in part because of means that the bias motivation must be a cause in fact of the offense, whether or not other causes also exist. When multiple concurrent motives exist, the prohibited bias must be a substantial factor in bringing about the particular result. There is no requirement that the bias be a main factor, or that the crime would not have been committed but for the actual or perceived characteristic. This subdivision does not constitute a change in, but is declaratory of, existing law under In re M.S. (1995) 10 Cal.4th 698 and People v. Superior Court (Aishman) (1995) 10 Cal.4th 735. |
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| 135 | 135 | | |
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| 136 | 136 | | (e) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin. |
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| 137 | 137 | | |
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| 138 | 138 | | (f) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background. |
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| 139 | 139 | | |
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| 140 | 140 | | (g) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism. |
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| 141 | 141 | | |
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| 142 | 142 | | (h) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality. |
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| 143 | 143 | | |
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| 144 | 144 | | (i) Victim includes, but is not limited to, a community center, educational facility, entity, family, group, individual, office, meeting hall, person, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other victim or intended victim of the offense. |
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| 145 | 145 | | |
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| 146 | 146 | | SEC. 3. Section 11410 of the Penal Code is amended to read:11410. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that it is the right of every person regardless of actual or perceived disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with these actual or perceived characteristics, to be secure and protected from fear, intimidation, and physical harm caused by the activities of violent groups and individuals. It is not the intent of this chapter to interfere with the exercise of rights protected by the Constitution of the United States. The Legislature recognizes the constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express beliefs on any subject whatsoever and to associate with others who share similar beliefs. The Legislature further finds finds, however, that the advocacy of unlawful violent acts by groups against other persons or groups under circumstances where death or great bodily injury is likely to result is not constitutionally protected, poses a threat to public order and safety, and should be subject to criminal and civil sanctions.(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(2) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code.(3) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(4) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(5) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(6) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(7) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality. |
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| 147 | 147 | | |
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| 148 | 148 | | SEC. 3. Section 11410 of the Penal Code is amended to read: |
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| 149 | 149 | | |
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| 150 | 150 | | ### SEC. 3. |
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| 151 | 151 | | |
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| 152 | 152 | | 11410. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that it is the right of every person regardless of actual or perceived disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with these actual or perceived characteristics, to be secure and protected from fear, intimidation, and physical harm caused by the activities of violent groups and individuals. It is not the intent of this chapter to interfere with the exercise of rights protected by the Constitution of the United States. The Legislature recognizes the constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express beliefs on any subject whatsoever and to associate with others who share similar beliefs. The Legislature further finds finds, however, that the advocacy of unlawful violent acts by groups against other persons or groups under circumstances where death or great bodily injury is likely to result is not constitutionally protected, poses a threat to public order and safety, and should be subject to criminal and civil sanctions.(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(2) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code.(3) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(4) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(5) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(6) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(7) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality. |
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| 153 | 153 | | |
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| 154 | 154 | | 11410. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that it is the right of every person regardless of actual or perceived disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with these actual or perceived characteristics, to be secure and protected from fear, intimidation, and physical harm caused by the activities of violent groups and individuals. It is not the intent of this chapter to interfere with the exercise of rights protected by the Constitution of the United States. The Legislature recognizes the constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express beliefs on any subject whatsoever and to associate with others who share similar beliefs. The Legislature further finds finds, however, that the advocacy of unlawful violent acts by groups against other persons or groups under circumstances where death or great bodily injury is likely to result is not constitutionally protected, poses a threat to public order and safety, and should be subject to criminal and civil sanctions.(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(2) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code.(3) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(4) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(5) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(6) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(7) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality. |
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| 155 | 155 | | |
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| 156 | 156 | | 11410. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that it is the right of every person regardless of actual or perceived disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with these actual or perceived characteristics, to be secure and protected from fear, intimidation, and physical harm caused by the activities of violent groups and individuals. It is not the intent of this chapter to interfere with the exercise of rights protected by the Constitution of the United States. The Legislature recognizes the constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express beliefs on any subject whatsoever and to associate with others who share similar beliefs. The Legislature further finds finds, however, that the advocacy of unlawful violent acts by groups against other persons or groups under circumstances where death or great bodily injury is likely to result is not constitutionally protected, poses a threat to public order and safety, and should be subject to criminal and civil sanctions.(b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply:(1) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55.(2) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code.(3) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth.(4) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin.(5) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background.(6) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism.(7) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality. |
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| 157 | 157 | | |
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| 158 | 158 | | |
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| 159 | 159 | | |
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| 160 | 160 | | 11410. (a) The Legislature finds and declares that it is the right of every person regardless of actual or perceived disability, gender, gender identity, gender expression, nationality, race or ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or association with a person or group with these actual or perceived characteristics, to be secure and protected from fear, intimidation, and physical harm caused by the activities of violent groups and individuals. It is not the intent of this chapter to interfere with the exercise of rights protected by the Constitution of the United States. The Legislature recognizes the constitutional right of every citizen to harbor and express beliefs on any subject whatsoever and to associate with others who share similar beliefs. The Legislature further finds finds, however, that the advocacy of unlawful violent acts by groups against other persons or groups under circumstances where death or great bodily injury is likely to result is not constitutionally protected, poses a threat to public order and safety, and should be subject to criminal and civil sanctions. |
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| 161 | 161 | | |
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| 162 | 162 | | (b) For purposes of this section, the following definitions shall apply: |
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| 163 | 163 | | |
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| 164 | 164 | | (1) Association with a person or group with one or more of these actual or perceived characteristics includes advocacy for, identification with, or being on the ground owned or rented by, or adjacent to, any of the following: a community center, educational facility, family, individual, office, meeting hall, place of worship, private institution, public agency, library, or other entity, group, or person that has, or is identified with people who have, one or more of those characteristics listed in the definition of hate crime under paragraphs (1) to (6), (7), inclusive, of subdivision (a) of Section 422.55. |
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| 165 | 165 | | |
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| 166 | 166 | | (2) Disability includes mental disability and physical disability as defined in Section 12926 of the Government Code. |
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| 167 | 167 | | |
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| 168 | 168 | | (3) Gender means sex, and includes a persons gender identity and gender expression. Gender expression means a persons gender-related appearance and behavior behavior, whether or not stereotypically associated with the persons assigned sex at birth. |
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| 169 | 169 | | |
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| 170 | 170 | | (4) Nationality includes citizenship, country of origin, and national origin. |
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| 171 | 171 | | |
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| 172 | 172 | | (5) Race or ethnicity includes ancestry, color, and ethnic background. |
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| 173 | 173 | | |
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| 174 | 174 | | (6) Religion includes all aspects of religious belief, observance, and practice and includes agnosticism and atheism. |
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| 175 | 175 | | |
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| 176 | 176 | | (7) Sexual orientation means heterosexuality, homosexuality, or bisexuality. |
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| 177 | 177 | | |
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| 178 | 178 | | SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution. |
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| 179 | 179 | | |
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| 180 | 180 | | SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution. |
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| 181 | 181 | | |
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| 182 | 182 | | SEC. 4. No reimbursement is required by this act pursuant to Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution because the only costs that may be incurred by a local agency or school district will be incurred because this act creates a new crime or infraction, eliminates a crime or infraction, or changes the penalty for a crime or infraction, within the meaning of Section 17556 of the Government Code, or changes the definition of a crime within the meaning of Section 6 of Article XIIIB of the California Constitution. |
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| 183 | 183 | | |
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| 184 | 184 | | ### SEC. 4. |
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