California 2023-2024 Regular Session

California Assembly Bill AB2834 Compare Versions

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1-Assembly Bill No. 2834 CHAPTER 418An act to amend Section 87482.8 of, and to add Section 89516.5 to, the Education Code, relating to public postsecondary education. [ Approved by Governor September 22, 2024. Filed with Secretary of State September 22, 2024. ] LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 2834, Rendon. Public postsecondary education: part-time faculty.Existing law establishes the California State University, under the administration of the Trustees of the California State University, and the California Community Colleges, under the administration of the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges, as 2 of the public segments of postsecondary education in the state. Existing law provides for the employment and retention of faculty at these institutions.Existing law requires the governing board of a community college district to employ each academic employee as a contract employee, regular employee, or temporary employee. Existing law authorizes the Trustees of the California State University to establish rules and regulations that allow academic teaching employees, librarians, counselors, and student affairs officers to reduce their workload from full-time to part-time duties, as specified.Existing law expresses various policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty, including preferences related to advance notice of assignments, pay for the first week of an assignment, the listing of names in the schedule of classes, and other rights normally afforded to full-time faculty, as provided.This bill would revise the policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty to express the preference that the names of part-time faculty be listed in the schedule of classes and the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, once they are assigned to a course. The bill also would express all of the community college part-time faculty preferences, as amended by the bill, with respect to part-time California State University faculty.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: NO Local Program: NO Bill TextThe people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 87482.8 of the Education Code is amended to read:87482.8. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.SEC. 2. Section 89516.5 is added to the Education Code, to read:89516.5. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
1+Enrolled September 05, 2024 Passed IN Senate August 30, 2024 Passed IN Assembly August 31, 2024 Amended IN Senate August 15, 2024 Amended IN Assembly March 11, 2024 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20232024 REGULAR SESSION Assembly Bill No. 2834Introduced by Assembly Member Rendon(Coauthor: Assembly Member Boerner)February 15, 2024An act to amend Section 87482.8 of, and to add Section 89516.5 to, the Education Code, relating to public postsecondary education. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 2834, Rendon. Public postsecondary education: part-time faculty.Existing law establishes the California State University, under the administration of the Trustees of the California State University, and the California Community Colleges, under the administration of the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges, as 2 of the public segments of postsecondary education in the state. Existing law provides for the employment and retention of faculty at these institutions.Existing law requires the governing board of a community college district to employ each academic employee as a contract employee, regular employee, or temporary employee. Existing law authorizes the Trustees of the California State University to establish rules and regulations that allow academic teaching employees, librarians, counselors, and student affairs officers to reduce their workload from full-time to part-time duties, as specified.Existing law expresses various policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty, including preferences related to advance notice of assignments, pay for the first week of an assignment, the listing of names in the schedule of classes, and other rights normally afforded to full-time faculty, as provided.This bill would revise the policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty to express the preference that the names of part-time faculty be listed in the schedule of classes and the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, once they are assigned to a course. The bill also would express all of the community college part-time faculty preferences, as amended by the bill, with respect to part-time California State University faculty.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: NO Local Program: NO Bill TextThe people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 87482.8 of the Education Code is amended to read:87482.8. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.SEC. 2. Section 89516.5 is added to the Education Code, to read:89516.5. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
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3- Assembly Bill No. 2834 CHAPTER 418An act to amend Section 87482.8 of, and to add Section 89516.5 to, the Education Code, relating to public postsecondary education. [ Approved by Governor September 22, 2024. Filed with Secretary of State September 22, 2024. ] LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 2834, Rendon. Public postsecondary education: part-time faculty.Existing law establishes the California State University, under the administration of the Trustees of the California State University, and the California Community Colleges, under the administration of the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges, as 2 of the public segments of postsecondary education in the state. Existing law provides for the employment and retention of faculty at these institutions.Existing law requires the governing board of a community college district to employ each academic employee as a contract employee, regular employee, or temporary employee. Existing law authorizes the Trustees of the California State University to establish rules and regulations that allow academic teaching employees, librarians, counselors, and student affairs officers to reduce their workload from full-time to part-time duties, as specified.Existing law expresses various policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty, including preferences related to advance notice of assignments, pay for the first week of an assignment, the listing of names in the schedule of classes, and other rights normally afforded to full-time faculty, as provided.This bill would revise the policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty to express the preference that the names of part-time faculty be listed in the schedule of classes and the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, once they are assigned to a course. The bill also would express all of the community college part-time faculty preferences, as amended by the bill, with respect to part-time California State University faculty.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: NO Local Program: NO
3+ Enrolled September 05, 2024 Passed IN Senate August 30, 2024 Passed IN Assembly August 31, 2024 Amended IN Senate August 15, 2024 Amended IN Assembly March 11, 2024 CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20232024 REGULAR SESSION Assembly Bill No. 2834Introduced by Assembly Member Rendon(Coauthor: Assembly Member Boerner)February 15, 2024An act to amend Section 87482.8 of, and to add Section 89516.5 to, the Education Code, relating to public postsecondary education. LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGESTAB 2834, Rendon. Public postsecondary education: part-time faculty.Existing law establishes the California State University, under the administration of the Trustees of the California State University, and the California Community Colleges, under the administration of the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges, as 2 of the public segments of postsecondary education in the state. Existing law provides for the employment and retention of faculty at these institutions.Existing law requires the governing board of a community college district to employ each academic employee as a contract employee, regular employee, or temporary employee. Existing law authorizes the Trustees of the California State University to establish rules and regulations that allow academic teaching employees, librarians, counselors, and student affairs officers to reduce their workload from full-time to part-time duties, as specified.Existing law expresses various policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty, including preferences related to advance notice of assignments, pay for the first week of an assignment, the listing of names in the schedule of classes, and other rights normally afforded to full-time faculty, as provided.This bill would revise the policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty to express the preference that the names of part-time faculty be listed in the schedule of classes and the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, once they are assigned to a course. The bill also would express all of the community college part-time faculty preferences, as amended by the bill, with respect to part-time California State University faculty.Digest Key Vote: MAJORITY Appropriation: NO Fiscal Committee: NO Local Program: NO
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5- Assembly Bill No. 2834 CHAPTER 418
5+ Enrolled September 05, 2024 Passed IN Senate August 30, 2024 Passed IN Assembly August 31, 2024 Amended IN Senate August 15, 2024 Amended IN Assembly March 11, 2024
66
7- Assembly Bill No. 2834
7+Enrolled September 05, 2024
8+Passed IN Senate August 30, 2024
9+Passed IN Assembly August 31, 2024
10+Amended IN Senate August 15, 2024
11+Amended IN Assembly March 11, 2024
812
9- CHAPTER 418
13+ CALIFORNIA LEGISLATURE 20232024 REGULAR SESSION
14+
15+ Assembly Bill
16+
17+No. 2834
18+
19+Introduced by Assembly Member Rendon(Coauthor: Assembly Member Boerner)February 15, 2024
20+
21+Introduced by Assembly Member Rendon(Coauthor: Assembly Member Boerner)
22+February 15, 2024
1023
1124 An act to amend Section 87482.8 of, and to add Section 89516.5 to, the Education Code, relating to public postsecondary education.
12-
13- [ Approved by Governor September 22, 2024. Filed with Secretary of State September 22, 2024. ]
1425
1526 LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
1627
1728 ## LEGISLATIVE COUNSEL'S DIGEST
1829
1930 AB 2834, Rendon. Public postsecondary education: part-time faculty.
2031
2132 Existing law establishes the California State University, under the administration of the Trustees of the California State University, and the California Community Colleges, under the administration of the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges, as 2 of the public segments of postsecondary education in the state. Existing law provides for the employment and retention of faculty at these institutions.Existing law requires the governing board of a community college district to employ each academic employee as a contract employee, regular employee, or temporary employee. Existing law authorizes the Trustees of the California State University to establish rules and regulations that allow academic teaching employees, librarians, counselors, and student affairs officers to reduce their workload from full-time to part-time duties, as specified.Existing law expresses various policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty, including preferences related to advance notice of assignments, pay for the first week of an assignment, the listing of names in the schedule of classes, and other rights normally afforded to full-time faculty, as provided.This bill would revise the policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty to express the preference that the names of part-time faculty be listed in the schedule of classes and the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, once they are assigned to a course. The bill also would express all of the community college part-time faculty preferences, as amended by the bill, with respect to part-time California State University faculty.
2233
2334 Existing law establishes the California State University, under the administration of the Trustees of the California State University, and the California Community Colleges, under the administration of the Board of Governors of the California Community Colleges, as 2 of the public segments of postsecondary education in the state. Existing law provides for the employment and retention of faculty at these institutions.
2435
2536 Existing law requires the governing board of a community college district to employ each academic employee as a contract employee, regular employee, or temporary employee. Existing law authorizes the Trustees of the California State University to establish rules and regulations that allow academic teaching employees, librarians, counselors, and student affairs officers to reduce their workload from full-time to part-time duties, as specified.
2637
2738 Existing law expresses various policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty, including preferences related to advance notice of assignments, pay for the first week of an assignment, the listing of names in the schedule of classes, and other rights normally afforded to full-time faculty, as provided.
2839
2940 This bill would revise the policy preferences of the Legislature with respect to part-time community college faculty to express the preference that the names of part-time faculty be listed in the schedule of classes and the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, once they are assigned to a course. The bill also would express all of the community college part-time faculty preferences, as amended by the bill, with respect to part-time California State University faculty.
3041
3142 ## Digest Key
3243
3344 ## Bill Text
3445
3546 The people of the State of California do enact as follows:SECTION 1. Section 87482.8 of the Education Code is amended to read:87482.8. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.SEC. 2. Section 89516.5 is added to the Education Code, to read:89516.5. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
3647
3748 The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
3849
3950 ## The people of the State of California do enact as follows:
4051
4152 SECTION 1. Section 87482.8 of the Education Code is amended to read:87482.8. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
4253
4354 SECTION 1. Section 87482.8 of the Education Code is amended to read:
4455
4556 ### SECTION 1.
4657
4758 87482.8. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
4859
4960 87482.8. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
5061
5162 87482.8. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
5263
5364
5465
5566 87482.8. Whenever possible:
5667
5768 (a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.
5869
5970 (b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.
6071
6172 (c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.
6273
6374 (d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.
6475
6576 (e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
6677
6778 SEC. 2. Section 89516.5 is added to the Education Code, to read:89516.5. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
6879
6980 SEC. 2. Section 89516.5 is added to the Education Code, to read:
7081
7182 ### SEC. 2.
7283
7384 89516.5. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
7485
7586 89516.5. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
7687
7788 89516.5. Whenever possible:(a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.(b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.(c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.(d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.(e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.
7889
7990
8091
8192 89516.5. Whenever possible:
8293
8394 (a) Part-time faculty should be informed of assignments at least six weeks in advance.
8495
8596 (b) Part-time faculty should be paid for the first week of an assignment when class is canceled less than two weeks before the beginning of a semester. If a class meets more than once per week, part-time faculty should be paid for all classes that were scheduled for that week.
8697
8798 (c) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the schedule of classes rather than just described as staff or faculty.
8899
89100 (d) The names of part-time faculty, once they are assigned to a course, should be listed in the course schedule provided to students, faculty, and staff, rather than just described as staff or faculty.
90101
91102 (e) Part-time faculty should be considered to be an integral part of their departments and given all the rights normally afforded to full-time faculty in the areas of book selection, participation in department activities, and the use of college resources, including, but not limited to, telephones, copy machines, supplies, office space, mailboxes, clerical staff, library, and professional development.