First Regular Session Seventy-fourth General Assembly STATE OF COLORADO INTRODUCED LLS NO. 23-0890.01 Pierce Lively x2059 SENATE BILL 23-213 Senate Committees House Committees Local Government & Housing A BILL FOR AN ACT C ONCERNING STATE LAND USE REQUIREMENTS , AND, IN CONNECTION101 THEREWITH, ESTABLISHING A PROCESS TO DIAGNOSE AND102 ADDRESS HOUSING NEEDS ACROSS THE STATE , ADDRESSING103 REQUIREMENTS FOR THE REGULATION OF ACCESSORY104 DWELLING UNITS, MIDDLE HOUSING, TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS,105 KEY CORRIDORS, AND MANUFACTURED AND MODULAR HOMES ,106 PROHIBITING CERTAIN PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT107 RESOLUTIONS, PROHIBITING A LOCAL GOVERNMENT FROM108 ENFORCING CERTAIN OCCUPA NCY LIMITS , MODIFYING THE109 CONTENT REQUIREMENTS FOR COUNTY AND MUNICIPAL MASTER110 PLANS, PROHIBITING CERTAIN MUNI CIPALITIES FROM IMPOSING111 MINIMUM SQUARE FOOTAGE REQU IREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL112 UNITS, REQUIRING ENTITIES TO SUBMIT A COMPLETED AND113 SENATE SPONSORSHIP Moreno, HOUSE SPONSORSHIP Jodeh and Woodrow, Shading denotes HOUSE amendment. Double underlining denotes SENATE amendment. Capital letters or bold & italic numbers indicate new material to be added to existing law. Dashes through the words or numbers indicate deletions from existing law. VALIDATED WATER LOSS AUDIT REPORT TO THE COLORADO101 WATER CONSERVATION BOARD , PROHIBITING A UNIT OWNERS '102 ASSOCIATION FROM PROHIBITING CERTAIN KINDS OF HOUSING ,103 REQUIRING THE TRANSPORTATION COMMISSION AND THE104 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION TO MODIFY THE STATE105 HIGHWAY ACCESS CODE , CRITERIA FOR CERTAIN GRANT106 PROGRAMS, AND EXPENDITURES FROM THE MULTIMODAL107 TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS F UND TO ALIGN WITH STATE108 STRATEGIC GROWTH OBJECTIVES , AND MAKING AN109 APPROPRIATION.110 Bill Summary (Note: This summary applies to this bill as introduced and does not reflect any amendments that may be subsequently adopted. If this bill passes third reading in the house of introduction, a bill summary that applies to the reengrossed version of this bill will be available at http://leg.colorado.gov .) Housing needs planning. The executive director of the department of local affairs (director) shall, no later than December 31, 2024, and every 5 years thereafter, issue methodology for developing statewide, regional, and local housing needs assessments. The statewide housing needs assessment must determine existing statewide housing stock and current and future housing needs. The regional housing needs assessments must allocate the addressing of housing needs identified in the statewide housing needs assessment to regions of the state. Similarly, the local housing needs assessments must allocate the addressing of the housing needs allocated in the regional housing needs assessment to localities in the relevant region. The director shall, no later than December 31, 2024, issue guidance on creating a housing needs plan for both a rural resort job center municipality and an urban municipality. Following this guidance, no later than December 31, 2026, and every 5 years thereafter, a rural resort job center municipality and an urban municipality shall develop a housing needs plan and submit that plan to the department of local affairs (department). A housing needs plan must include, among other things, descriptions of how the plan was created, how the municipality will address the housing needs it was assigned in the local housing needs assessment, affordability strategies the municipality has selected to address its local housing needs assessment, an assessment of SB23-213-2- displacement risk and any strategies selected to address identified risks, and how the locality will comply with other housing requirements in this bill. The director shall, no later than December 31, 2024, develop and publish a menu of affordability strategies to address housing production, preservation, and affordability. Rural resort job center municipalities and urban municipalities shall identify at least 2 of these strategies that they intend to implement in their housing plan, and urban municipalities with a transit-oriented area must identify at least 3. The director shall, no later than December 31, 2024, develop and publish a menu of displacement mitigation measures. This menu must, among other things, provide guidance for how to identify areas at the highest risk for displacement and identify displacement mitigation measures that a locality may adopt. An urban municipality must identify which of these measures it intends to implement in its housing plan to address any areas it identifies as at an elevated risk for displacement. The director shall, no later than March 31, 2024, publish a report that identifies strategic growth objectives that will incentivize growth in transit-oriented areas and infill areas and guide growth at the edges of urban areas. The multi-agency advisory committee shall, no later than March 31, 2024, submit a report to the general assembly concerning the strategic growth objectives. The bill establishes a multi-agency advisory committee and requires that committee to conduct a public comment and hearing process on and provide recommendations to the director on: ! Methodologies for developing statewide, regional, and local housing needs assessments; ! Guidance for creating housing needs plans; ! Developing a menu of affordability strategies; ! Developing a menu of displacement mitigation measures; ! Identifying strategic growth objectives; and ! Developing reporting guidance and templates. A county or municipality within a rural resort region shall participate in a regional housing needs planning process. This process must encourage participating counties and municipalities to identify strategies that, either individually or through intergovernmental agreements, address the housing needs assigned to them. A report on this process must be submitted to the department. Further, within 6 months of completing this process, a rural resort job center municipality shall submit a local housing needs plan to the department. Once a year, both rural resort job centers and urban municipalities shall report to the department on certain housing data. A multi-agency group created in the bill and the division of local government within the department shall provide assistance to localities in complying with the requirements of this bill. This assistance must SB23-213 -3- include technical assistance and a grant program. Accessory dwelling units. The director shall promulgate an accessory dwelling unit model code that, among other things, requires accessory dwelling units to be allowed as a use by right in any part of a municipality where the municipality allows single-unit detached dwellings as a use by right. The committee shall provide recommendations to the director for promulgating this model code. In developing these recommendations, the committee shall conduct a public comment and hearing process. Even if a municipality does not adopt the accessory dwelling unit model code, the municipality shall adhere to accessory dwelling unit minimum standards established in the bill and by the department. These minimum standards, among other things, must require a municipality to: ! Allow accessory dwelling units as a use by right in any part of the municipality where the municipality allows single-unit detached dwellings as a use by right; ! Only adopt or enforce local laws concerning accessory dwelling units that use objective standards and procedures; ! Not adopt, enact, or enforce local laws concerning accessory dwelling units that are more restrictive than local laws concerning single-unit detached dwellings; and ! Not apply standards that make the permitting, siting, or construction of accessory dwelling units infeasible. Middle housing. The director shall promulgate a middle housing model code that, among other things, requires middle housing to be allowed as a use by right in any part of a rural resort job center municipality or a tier one urban municipality where the municipality allows single-unit detached dwellings as a use by right. The committee shall provide recommendations to the director for promulgating this model code. In developing these recommendations, the committee shall conduct a public comment and hearing process. Even if a rural resort job center municipality or a tier one urban municipality does not adopt the middle housing model code, the municipality shall adhere to middle housing minimum standards established in the bill and by the department. These minimum standards, among other things, must require a municipality to: ! Allow middle housing as a use by right in certain areas; ! Only adopt or enforce local laws concerning middle housing that use objective standards and procedures; ! Allow properties on which middle housing is allowed to be split by right using objective standards and procedures; ! Not adopt, enact, or enforce local laws concerning middle housing that are more restrictive than local laws concerning single-unit detached dwellings; and ! Not apply standards that make the permitting, siting, or SB23-213 -4- construction of middle housing infeasible. Transit-oriented areas. The director shall promulgate a transit-oriented area model code that, among other things, imposes minimum residential density limits for multifamily residential housing and mixed-income multifamily residential housing and allows these developments as a use by right in the transit-oriented areas of tier one urban municipalities. The committee shall provide recommendations to the director for promulgating this model code. In developing these recommendations, the committee shall conduct a public comment and hearing process. Even if a tier one urban municipality does not adopt the transit-oriented model code, the municipality shall adhere to middle housing minimum standards established in the bill and by the department. These minimum standards, among other things, must require a municipality to: ! Create a zoning district within a transit-oriented area in which multifamily housing meets a minimum residential density limit and is allowed as a use by right; and ! Not apply standards that make the permitting, siting, or construction of multifamily housing in transit-oriented areas infeasible. Key corridors. The director shall promulgate a key corridor model code that applies to key corridors in rural resort job center municipalities and tier one urban municipalities. The model code must, among other things, include requirements for: ! The percentage of units in mixed-income multifamily residential housing that must be reserved for low- and moderate-income households; ! Minimum residential density limits for multifamily residential housing; and ! Mixed-income multifamily residential housing that must be allowed as a use by right in key corridors. The committee shall provide recommendations to the director for promulgating this model code. In developing these recommendations, the committee shall conduct a public comment and hearing process. Even if a rural resort job center municipality or a tier one urban municipality does not adopt the key corridor model code, the municipality shall adhere to key corridor minimum standards promulgated by the director and developed by the department. These minimum standards, among other things, must identify a net residential zoning capacity for a municipality and must require a municipality to: ! Allow multifamily residential housing within key corridors that meets the net residential zoning capacity as a use by right; ! Not apply standards that make the permitting, siting, or SB23-213 -5- construction of multifamily housing in certain areas infeasible; and ! Not adopt, enact, or enforce local laws that make satisfying the required minimum residential density limits infeasible. The committee shall provide recommendations to the director on promulgating these minimum standards. In developing these recommendations, the committee shall conduct a public comment and hearing process. Adoption of model codes and minimum standards. A relevant municipality shall adopt either the model code or local laws that satisfy the minimum standards concerning accessory dwelling units, middle housing, transit-oriented areas, and key corridors. Furthermore, a municipality shall submit a report to the department demonstrating that it has done so. If a municipality fails to adopt either the model code or local laws that satisfy the minimum standards by a specified deadline, the relevant model code immediately goes into effect, and municipalities shall then approve any proposed projects that meet the standards in the model code using objective procedures. However, a municipality may apply to the department for a deadline extension for a deficiency in water or wastewater infrastructure or supply. Additional provisions. The bill also: ! Requires the advisory committee on factory-built structures and tiny homes to produce a report on the opportunities and barriers in state law concerning the building of manufactured homes, mobile homes, and tiny homes; ! Removes the requirements that manufacturers of factory-built structures comply with escrow requirements of down payments and provide a letter of credit, certificate of deposit issued by a licensed financial institution, or surety bond issued by an authorized insurer; ! Prohibits a planned unit development resolution or ordinance for a planned unit with a residential use from restricting accessory dwelling units, middle housing, housing in transit-oriented areas, or housing in key corridors in a way not allowed by this bill; ! Prohibits a local government from enacting or enforcing residential occupancy limits that differ based on the relationships of the occupants of a dwelling; ! Modifies the content requirements for a county and municipal master plan, requires counties and municipalities to adopt or amend master plans as part of an inclusive process, and requires counties and municipalities to submit master plans to the department; ! Allows a municipality to sell and dispose of real property and public buildings for the purpose of providing property SB23-213 -6- to be used as affordable housing, without requiring the sale to be submitted to the voters of the municipality; ! Requires the approval process for manufactured and modular homes to be based on objective standards and administrative review equivalent to the approval process for site-built homes; ! Prohibits a municipality from imposing more restrictive standards on manufactured and modular homes than the municipality imposes on site-built homes; ! Prohibits certain municipalities from imposing minimum square footage requirements for residential units in the approval of residential dwelling unit construction permits; ! Requires certain entities to submit to the Colorado water conservation board (board) a completed and validated water loss audit report pursuant to guidelines that the board shall adopt; ! Allows the board to make grants from the water efficiency grant program cash fund to provide water loss audit report validation assistance to covered entities; ! Allows the board and the Colorado water resources and power development authority to consider whether an entity has submitted a required audit report in deciding whether to release financial assistance to the entity for the construction of a water diversion, storage, conveyance, water treatment, or wastewater treatment facility; ! Prohibits a unit owners' association from restricting accessory dwelling units, middle housing, housing in transit-oriented areas, or housing in key corridors; ! Requires the department of transportation to ensure that the prioritization criteria for any grant program administered by the department are consistent with state strategic growth objectives, so long as doing so does not violate federal law; ! Requires any regional transportation plan that is created or updated to address and ensure consistency with state strategic growth objectives; ! Requires that expenditures for local and state multimodal projects from the multimodal transportation options fund are only to be made for multimodal projects that the department determines are consistent with state strategic growth objectives; and ! For state fiscal year 2023-24, appropriates $15,000,000 from the general fund to the housing plans assistance fund and makes the department responsible for the accounting related to the appropriation. SB23-213 -7- Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado:1 SECTION 1. Legislative declaration. (1) (a) (I) The general2 assembly finds and declares that:3 (A) Colorado housing is currently among the most expensive in4 the nation. In 2021, Colorado had the sixth highest median home values5 and the fourth highest median gross rent but only the tenth highest median6 income, according to the state demographer;7 (B) Between 2010 and 2021, the percentage of Coloradans8 making less than seventy-five thousand dollars a year who were housing9 cost-burdened, meaning they spend more than thirty percent of their10 income on housing needs, increased from fifty-four percent to sixty-one11 percent, and, for renters making less than seventy-five thousand dollars12 a year, that percentage increased from fifty-nine percent to seventy-three13 percent, according to the American Community Survey;14 (C) Colorado's housing supply has not kept pace with population15 growth. Between 2010 and 2020, the state added one hundred twenty-six16 thousand fewer housing units than in the prior decade, despite the17 population increasing by a similar amount in each decade. The state has18 a current unmet housing need of between sixty-five thousand and ninety19 thousand units, according to the state demographer;20 (D) Many cities restrict the development of more compact21 affordable home types, such as accessory dwelling units, townhomes,22 duplexes, and multifamily homes, on most of their residential land;23 (E) The ten largest municipalities in the Denver metropolitan area24 allow single-unit detached dwellings as a use by right on over eighty-five25 percent of their residential land, compared to allowing as a use by right26 SB23-213-8- an estimated twenty-four percent of their residential land for accessory1 dwelling units, thirty-three percent of their residential land for2 townhomes, thirty-one percent of their residential land for duplexes up to3 quadplexes, and thirty-five percent of their residential land for4 multifamily homes, according to publicly available zoning data;5 (F) The ten largest municipalities in the Denver metropolitan area6 require a minimum lot size of over five thousand square feet on more than7 half of their residential land, according to publicly available zoning data;8 (G) These types of common zoning practices make it difficult to9 build more affordable home types and have historically been used to10 exclude low-income residents and renters; and11 (H) To stabilize housing prices and ensure development of12 housing to meet the state's growing need, the state must increase its13 housing supply to address the unmet housing need from the past decade,14 and plan for future household growth.15 (II) Therefore, the general assembly finds, determines and16 declares that the lack of housing is a critical problem that threatens the17 economic, environmental, and social quality of life in Colorado.18 (b) (I) The general assembly finds and declares that:19 (A) The consequences of land use policies that limit housing20 supply and diversity include a lack of housing that is affordable to21 Coloradans of low and moderate incomes, a lack of housing to support22 employment growth, an imbalance in jobs and housing, segregated and23 unequal communities, reduced mobility and long commutes, loss of open24 space and agricultural land, high water usage, and increased greenhouse25 gas and air pollution;26 (B) When a local government's policies reduce and limit the27 SB23-213 -9- supply of housing, neighboring local governments are also affected by1 more people seeking affordable housing; and2 (C) People are not able to live near where they work, leading to3 longer commutes, putting additional strain on Colorado's roads, and4 increasing pollution.5 (II) Therefore, the general assembly finds, determines, and6 declares that the lack of housing supply and unsustainable development7 patterns are partially caused by local government policies that effectively8 limit the construction of a diverse range of housing types in areas already9 served by infrastructure or in close proximity to jobs and public transit.10 (c) (I) The general assembly further finds and declares that the11 general assembly and the people of Colorado have made historic12 investments in affordable housing, including the following:13 (A) In 2021 and 2022, the general assembly approved close to one14 billion dollars for affordable housing investments funded primarily by the15 federal "American Rescue Plan Act of 2021", Pub.L. 117-2, and the16 general fund; and17 (B) In the November 2022 election, Colorado voters approved18 Proposition 123, which will dedicate an estimated three hundred million19 dollars per year to affordable housing.20 (II) Therefore, the general assembly finds, determines, and21 declares that, coupled with historic investments in affordable housing,22 reforms to local land use regulations can accelerate an increase in housing23 supply that is affordable at all income levels.24 (A) National studies, such as the article "Relationships between25 Density and per Capita Municipal Spending in the United States",26 published in Urban Science, have found that lower density communities27 SB23-213 -10- have higher government capital and maintenance costs for water, sewer,1 and transportation infrastructure, and lower property and sales tax2 revenues. These increased costs are often borne by both state and local3 governments.4 (B) A study for a rural resort municipality in Colorado found that5 doubling the average residential density for future growth would save6 thirty-one percent in capital and maintenance costs over twenty years.7 (2) The general assembly finds and declares that the availability8 of affordable housing is a matter of mixed state and local concern.9 Therefore, it is the intent of the general assembly in enacting this act to:10 (a) Create a more consistent ability statewide to develop a variety11 of housing types, limit the ability of local governments to reduce density12 or render infeasible housing development projects that can address the13 state's housing shortage for all parts of the income spectrum, and support14 more fiscally and environmentally sustainable development patterns;15 (b) Improve regional collaboration and outcomes by reducing the16 ability of individual local governments' land use restrictions to negatively17 influence regional concerns such as housing affordability, open space,18 traffic, and air pollution; and19 (c) Increase housing supply, allow more compact development,20 encourage more affordable housing, encourage more environmentally and21 fiscally sustainable development patterns, encourage housing patterns that22 conserve water resources, and encourage housing units that are located in23 close proximity to public transit, places of employment, and everyday24 needs.25 (3) In finding and declaring that land use policies that affect26 housing supply are matters of mixed statewide and local concern, the27 SB23-213 -11- general assembly finds and declares that there is a need for uniformity in1 policies that affect housing supply because:2 (a) The state has an interest in planning for future growth. The3 state demographer estimates that between 2023 and 2040 the state will4 add an average of thirty-five thousand households per year, and that5 between 2030 and 2040 the state will add an additional twenty-nine6 thousand six hundred households per year.7 (b) Housing supply impacts housing affordability. Housing prices8 are typically higher when housing supply is restricted by local land use9 regulations in the metropolitan region, according to studies such as the10 National Bureau of Economic Research's working papers "Regulation and11 Housing Supply", "The Impact of Zoning on Housing Affordability", and12 "The Impact of Local Residential Land Use Restrictions on Land Values13 Across and Within Single Family Housing Markets".14 (c) Increasing housing supply moderates price increases and15 improves housing affordability across all incomes, according to studies16 such as "The Economic Implications of Housing Supply" in the Journal17 of Economic Perspectives and "Supply Skepticism: Housing Supply and18 Affordability" in Housing Policy Debate;19 (d) Academic research such as "The Impact of Building20 Restrictions on Housing Affordability" in the Federal Reserve Bank of21 New York Economic Policy Review has identified zoning and other land22 use controls as a primary driver of rising housing costs in the most23 expensive housing markets;24 (e) Local land use regulations influence what types of housing are25 built throughout the state and can restrict more affordable housing26 options;27 SB23-213 -12- (f) Between 2000 and 2019, over seventy percent of homes built1 in Colorado were single-unit detached dwellings, while less than three2 percent of homes were duplexes to quadplexes, and less than twenty-five3 percent of homes were homes in multifamily buildings with five or more4 units, according to the American Community Survey;5 (g) Middle housing and multifamily housing types are more6 affordable than detached dwellings, in part because land costs are shared7 between more households;8 (h) In 2019, Colorado duplexes and larger multifamily housing9 units cost between fourteen to forty-three percent less to own, and10 between nine to twenty-six percent less to rent, than single-unit detached11 dwellings depending on the type of housing, according to the American12 Community Survey;13 (i) Proposed market-rate and affordable housing projects are14 routinely delayed or denied due to discretionary and subjective political15 processes and land use regulations that limit denser development either16 directly or indirectly;17 (j) According to a 2022 article titled "Does Discretion Delay18 Development?", in the American Planning Association Journal,19 residential projects using by-right approval processes are approved20 twenty-eight percent faster than those using discretionary approval21 processes, and faster approval times reduce developer costs and therefore22 housing costs;23 (k) Compact housing types such as duplexes, townhomes, and24 multifamily homes also use significantly less energy for heating, cooling,25 and electricity than detached dwellings, which saves residents money and26 results in lower emissions;27 SB23-213 -13- (l) In Colorado, household energy savings range from forty1 percent less for townhomes to seventy percent less for larger multifamily2 homes compared to single-unit detached dwellings, according to3 residential housing stock data from the National Renewable Energy4 Laboratory; and5 (m) The state has an interest in ensuring economic mobility by6 increasing affordable housing opportunities throughout the state:7 (I) Researchers have demonstrated that restrictive local land use8 regulations help explain segregation income within metropolitan areas,9 which leads to disparate incomes and access to opportunities;10 (II) In Colorado, households with the lowest incomes experienced11 the highest rates of housing cost burden, according to the American12 Community Survey;13 (III) Housing costs can dictate the quality of a child's education,14 and the highest performing schools are located in areas with the highest15 housing costs;16 (IV) According to a Brookings Institution report entitled "Housing17 Costs, Zoning, and Access to High Scoring Schools" that analyzed the18 one hundred largest metropolitan areas in the United States, housing costs19 an average of two and four-tenths times as much near a high-scoring20 public school than near a low-scoring one. The same study found that21 metro areas with the least restrictive zoning have housing cost gaps22 between high-scoring and low-scoring schools that are sixty-three percent23 lower than metro areas with the most restrictive zoning.24 (V) Researchers have also found that upward mobility is25 significantly greater in more compact development areas than in low26 density areas, primarily due to better job accessibility by multiple27 SB23-213 -14- transportation modes, according to the study "Does urban sprawl hold1 down upward mobility?", published in the journal of Landscape and2 Urban Planning.3 (VI) Nationwide, cities with the highest housing costs and lowest4 vacancy rates experience the highest rates of homelessness, according to5 a report by the Urban Institute, "Unsheltered Homelessness Trends,6 Characteristics, and Homeless Histories". These indicators explain a7 greater portion of the variation in regional rates of homelessness than8 other commonly assumed factors, such as poverty rate, substance use, or9 mental illness, according to a study in the European Journal of Housing10 Policy, "The Economics of Homelessness: The Evidence from North11 America".12 (VII) Through legislation such as House Bill 21-1266 and Senate13 Bill 21-272, the state has made significant efforts to identify14 disproportionately impacted communities and to prioritize benefits to15 these communities;16 (VIII) Researchers in the article "Housing Constraints and Spatial17 Misallocation", in the American Economic Journal, found that restrictions18 on new housing supply in high productivity places limit the number of19 workers who have access to jobs in those places, which over the past20 several decades they estimate has lowered aggregate economic growth in21 the United States by thirty-six percent;22 (IX) Researchers in the study "Unaffordable Housing and Local23 Employment Growth", published by the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston,24 found that metropolitan areas in the United States and counties with lower25 housing affordability experience significantly less employment growth;26 and27 SB23-213 -15- (X) Within regions, national surveys have found that a lack of1 affordable housing within a reasonable commuting distance impacts2 businesses' ability to attract and retain workers, according to a literature3 review conducted by the Center for Housing Policy.4 (n) The state has an interest in creating a holistic statewide water5 management system, and local government decisions that encourage6 dispersed, low density development negatively affects the state's water7 supply:8 (I) A holistic statewide water management system is essential for9 creating vibrant communities that balance water supply and demand10 needs to create a sustainable urban landscape, according to the vision laid11 out in the Colorado water plan;12 (II) Compact infill development reduces water demand and13 infrastructure costs through shorter pipes that reduce losses, less14 landscaped space per unit, and better use of existing infrastructure; and15 (III) Compared to a single-unit detached dwelling, accessory16 dwelling units use twenty-two percent less water, small multifamily17 homes sixty-three percent less, and larger multifamily homes eighty-six18 percent less, based on data from Denver and Aurora water users analyzed19 for the Colorado water and growth dialogue Final Report in 2018.20 (4) (a) The general assembly finds and declares that there is an21 extraterritorial impact when local governments enact local ordinances that22 have impacts that cross jurisdictional lines because:23 (I) Local restrictions on housing push people further from their24 work and increase driving commute times;25 (II) Communities with the most restrictive local land use26 regulations often enable job growth while limiting the ability of housing27 SB23-213 -16- growth to keep pace, which affects the pace of housing development in1 neighboring jurisdictions. This results in regional imbalances between2 jobs and housing that researchers have found have a significant impact on3 vehicle miles traveled and commute times, according to studies such as4 "Which Reduces Vehicle Travel More: Jobs-Housing Balance or5 Retail-Housing Mixing?", published in the Journal of the American6 Planning Association.7 (III) In the ten rural resort municipalities with the highest jobs to8 housing ratios in the state, over ninety percent of workers commute from9 other jurisdictions, according to housing data from the 2020 federal10 decennial Census and jobs and commuting data from the Longitudinal11 Employer-Household Dynamics Origin-Destination Employment Dataset12 from the Census;13 (IV) The ten rural resort municipalities with the highest jobs to14 housing ratios in the state added eighteen percent fewer housing units per15 capita and their commute times for workers were seventeen percent16 longer on average than jurisdictions in rural resort counties as a whole,17 according to data from the 2020 federal decennial Census, American18 Community Survey, and the Longitudinal Employer-Household Dynamics19 Origin-Destination Employment Dataset from the Census;20 (V) Nationwide, the number of jobs within the typical commute21 distance for residents in major metropolitan areas has declined over time22 according to a report by the Brookings Institution titled "The Growing23 Distance Between People and Jobs in Metropolitan America";24 (VI) Coloradans drive more miles per person than they used to, in25 part due to dispersed, low-density development patterns, putting stress on26 transportation infrastructure and increasing household costs;27 SB23-213 -17- (VII) Since 1981, per capita vehicle miles traveled in Colorado1 have risen by over twenty percent according to data from the Federal2 Highway Administration;3 (VIII) High transportation costs impact low-income households4 in particular, with households making less than forty-thousand dollars per5 year in the western United States spending over twenty-four percent of6 their income on transportation, when spending more than fifteen percent7 of income on transportation is considered cost burdened, according to8 data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Surveys;9 and10 (IX) In Colorado, households in more dense areas, census tracts11 with more than four thousand units per square mile or about fifteen units12 per acre, drive twenty percent less than the state average, and higher13 density areas, census tracts with more than ten thousand units per square14 mile or about forty units per acre, drive forty percent less than the state15 average, according to data from the 2017 National Household Travel16 Survey; and17 (b) The increase in vehicle traffic due to local land use restrictions18 also has an environmental extraterritorial impact:19 (I) Vehicle traffic, which increases when land use patterns are20 more dispersed, contributes twenty percent of nitrogen oxides emissions,21 a key ozone precursor, according to the Executive Summary of the22 Moderate Area Ozone SIP for the 2015 Ozone NAAQS by the Regional23 Air Quality Council;24 (II) The United States environmental protection agency has25 classified the Denver Metro/North Front Range area as being in severe26 non-attainment for ozone and ground level ozone, which has serious27 SB23-213 -18- impacts on human health, particularly for vulnerable populations;1 (III) According to the greenhouse gas pollution reduction2 roadmap, published by the Colorado energy office and dated January 14,3 2021, the transportation sector is the single largest source of greenhouse4 gas pollution in Colorado;5 (IV) Nearly sixty percent of the greenhouse gas emissions from6 the transportation sector come from light-duty vehicles, the majority of7 cars and trucks that Coloradans drive every day;8 (V) As part of the greenhouse gas pollution reduction roadmap,9 a strategic action plan to achieve legislatively adopted targets of reducing10 greenhouse gas pollution economy-wide by fifty percent below 200511 levels by 2030 and ninety percent by 2050, the state committed to12 reducing emissions from the transportation sector by forty-one percent by13 2030 from a 2005 baseline;14 (VI) The Greenhouse Gas Transportation Planning Standard15 adopted by the Transportation Commission in 2021 set a target to reduce16 transportation greenhouse gas emissions through the transportation17 planning process by one million five hundred thousand tons by 2030;18 (VII) Local government land use decisions that require a19 minimum amount of parking spaces beyond what is necessary to meet20 market demand increase vehicle miles traveled and associated greenhouse21 gas emissions. According to the UCLA Institute of Transportation Studies22 article titled "What Do Residential Lotteries Show Us About23 Transportation Choices", higher amounts of free parking provided in24 residential developments cause higher rates of vehicle ownership, higher25 rates of vehicle miles traveled, and less frequent transit use.26 (VIII) Local government land use decisions that require a27 SB23-213 -19- minimum amount of parking spaces increase the cost of new residential1 projects, which increases housing costs. According to the Regional2 Transportation District study "Residential Parking in Station Areas: A3 Study of Metro Denver", structured parking spaces in the Denver4 metropolitan areas cost twenty-five thousand dollars each to build in5 2020, and use space which would otherwise be used for revenue6 generating residential units, decreasing the profitability of residential7 development. As a result, parking requirements may discourage8 developers from building new residential projects, or, if they do move9 forward with projects, force them to recoup the costs of building10 excessive parking by increasing housing prices.11 (5) (a) Local land use policies that encourage dispersed, low12 density development have an impact on open space and agricultural land,13 and exposure to climate hazards outside of their jurisdictional limits:14 (I) A study of urbanized areas in the United States, "The Effect of15 Land-Use Controls on the Spatial Size of U.S. Urbanized Areas", in the16 Journal of Regional Science, found that the presence of density17 restrictions such as minimum lot sizes and floor area ratio limits result in18 larger urbanized areas;19 (II) Enabling denser housing near transit and in already developed20 areas can limit continued loss of agricultural and natural lands;21 (III) Between 1982 and 2017, Colorado lost over twenty-five22 percent of its agricultural cropland, according to data from the National23 Resources Inventory published by the United States department of24 agriculture, and, over the same time period, the size of urban and built-up25 areas grew faster than the population by over one hundred percent26 compared to eighty-three percent;27 SB23-213 -20- (IV) Encouraging growth in infill locations is an important1 strategy for minimizing wildfire risk by limiting the growth of households2 in fire-prone areas; and3 (V) Between 2012 and 2017, the number of people living in the4 wildland-urban interface grew from two million to two million nine5 hundred thousand, according to the Colorado state forest service.6 (VI) Therefore, the general assembly finds, determines and7 declares that local government land use decisions that limit housing and8 encourage dispersed low-density development impact local and state9 government fiscal health and the business community.10 SECTION 2. In Colorado Revised Statutes, add article 33 to title11 29 as follows:12 ARTICLE 33 13 State Land Use Requirements For Affordable Housing14 PART 115 HOUSING NEEDS PLANNING16 29-33-101. Legislative declaration. (1) (a) T HE GENERAL17 ASSEMBLY HEREBY FINDS, DETERMINES, AND DECLARES THAT:18 (I) C OLORADO LACKS A COORDINATED PROCESS TO SET GOALS ,19 DEVELOP SOLUTIONS , AND TRACK PROGRESS TOWARDS MEETING20 STATEWIDE, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS;21 (II) C ONSISTENT INFORMATION ABOUT STATEWIDE , REGIONAL,22 AND LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS IS ESSENTIAL IN DEVELOPING EQUITABLE AND23 EFFECTIVE HOUSING POLICIES AND STRATEGIES AND IMPROVING EFFORTS24 TO INCREASE HOUSING AFFORDABILITY OVER TIME ;25 (III) H OUSING MARKETS EXPAND BEYOND THE BORDERS OF26 INDIVIDUAL LOCAL GOVERNMENTS , AND INFORMATION IS REQUIRED ON A27 SB23-213 -21- LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND STATEWIDE SCALE TO MAKE A HOLISTIC PLAN FOR1 ADDRESSING HOUSING NEEDS ;2 (IV) A LTHOUGH SOME LOCAL GOVERNMENTS WORK TO ASSESS3 AND ADDRESS HOUSING NEEDS , THESE LOCAL GOVERNMENTS USE4 DIFFERENT METHODOLOGIES , DO THIS WORK AT DIFFERENT TIMES , AND5 LACK REGIONAL COORDINATION ;6 (V) L OCAL GOVERNMENTS THAT DO NOT ALLOW HOUSING SUPPLY7 TO KEEP PACE WITH HOUSEHOLD AND JOB GROWTH IN THEIR JURISDICTIONS8 EXPORT THEIR HOUSING NEEDS TO NEIGHBORING COMMUNITIES , CAUSING9 REGIONAL IMBALANCES THAT IMPACT EQUITY , POLLUTION,10 INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS, AND QUALITY OF LIFE;11 (VI) R EQUIRING LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO PLAN FOR AND12 IMPLEMENT STRATEGIES TO MEET AN EQUITABLE AMOUNT OF THEIR13 REGION'S HOUSING DEMAND WILL HELP MITIGATE THESE IMBALANCES AND14 THEIR NEGATIVE IMPACTS; AND15 (VII) T HE STATE MANAGES MULTIPLE GRANT -BASED PROGRAMS16 DESIGNED TO HELP LOCAL GOVE RNMENTS ASSESS AND MEET HOUSING17 NEEDS, AND THESE PROGRAMS WILL BE ABLE TO MORE EFFECTIVELY18 ADDRESS HOUSING ISSUES WITH MORE COMPREHENSIVE AND CONSISTENT19 INFORMATION INFORMED BY REGIONAL AND STATEWIDE DATA .20 (b) T HEREFORE, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECLARES THAT21 ASSESSING AND PLANNING FOR HOUSING NEEDS THROUGHOUT THE STATE22 IS A MATTER OF MIXED STATEWIDE AND LOCAL CONCERN .23 29-33-102. Definitions. A S USED IN THIS ARTICLE 33, UNLESS THE24 CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES :25 (1) "A CCESSIBLE UNIT" MEANS A HOUSING UNIT THAT SATISFIES26 THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE FEDERAL "FAIR HOUSING ACT", 42 U.S.C. SEC.27 SB23-213 -22- 3601 ET SEQ., AS AMENDED.1 (2) "A CCESSORY DWELLING UNIT " MEANS AN INTERNAL ,2 ATTACHED, OR DETACHED RESIDENTIAL DWELLING UNIT THAT :3 (a) P ROVIDES COMPLETE INDEPENDENT LIVING FACILITIES FOR ONE4 OR MORE PERSONS;5 (b) I S LOCATED ON THE SAME LOT AS A PROPOSED OR EXISTING6 PRIMARY RESIDENCE; AND7 (c) I NCLUDES PROVISIONS FOR LIVING , SLEEPING, EATING,8 COOKING, AND SANITATION.9 (3) "A FFORDABLE HOUSING" MEANS HOUSING FOR WHICH LOW -10 AND MODERATE-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS DO NOT SPEND MORE THAN THIRTY11 PERCENT OF THEIR HOUSEHOLD INCOME .12 (4) "B US RAPID TRANSIT" MEANS A BUS-BASED TRANSIT SERVICE13 THAT:14 (a) D ELIVERS FAST AND EFFICIENT SERVICE; AND15 (b) I NCLUDES AT LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING :16 (I) D EDICATED LANES;17 (II) B USWAYS;18 (III) T RAFFIC SIGNAL PRIORITY;19 (IV) O FF-BOARD FARE COLLECTION;20 (V) E LEVATED PLATFORMS; OR21 (VI) E NHANCED STATIONS.22 (5) "C OMMUTER BUS RAPID TRANSIT SERVICE " MEANS A BUS RAPID23 TRANSIT SERVICE THAT OPERATES ON A LIMITED -ACCESS HIGHWAY FOR24 THE MAJORITY OF ITS ROUTE.25 (6) "C OTTAGE CLUSTER" MEANS A GROUPING OF NO FEWER THAN26 FOUR DETACHED HOUSING UNITS , EACH HOUSING UNIT HAVING A27 SB23-213 -23- FOOTPRINT OF NO MORE THAN NINE HUNDRED SQUARE FEET , AND THE1 GROUPING HAVING A COMMON COURTYARD .2 (7) "D ESIGN STANDARD" MEANS A STANDARD THAT RELATES TO3 THE AESTHETICS OF A PROJECT OR THE QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION4 MATERIALS USED IN A PROJECT.5 (8) "D ISCRETIONARY APPROVAL PROCESS" MEANS A DEVELOPMENT6 APPROVAL PROCESS CONDUCTED PURSUANT TO LOCAL LAW THAT7 REQUIRES A PUBLIC BODY OR OFFICIAL TO MAKE SUBJECTIVE8 DETERMINATIONS INCLUDING DETERMINATIONS OF CONSISTENCY WITH9 LOCAL PLANS, COMPATIBILITY OR HARMONY WITH SURROUNDING LAND10 USES OR DEVELOPMENT , OR STRATEGIES FOR MITIGATING PROJECT11 IMPACTS.12 (9) "D ISPLACEMENT" MEANS THE UNWANTED RELOCATION OF13 RESIDENTS DUE TO INCREASED REAL ESTATE PRICES , RENTS, OR OTHER14 ECONOMIC FACTORS.15 (10) "D WELLING UNIT" MEANS A SINGLE UNIT PROVIDING16 COMPLETE INDEPENDENT LIVING FACILITIES FOR ONE OR MORE PERSONS ,17 INCLUDING PERMANENT PROVISIONS FOR COOKING , EATING, LIVING,18 SANITATION, AND SLEEPING.19 (11) "F IXED-RAIL TRANSIT STATION" MEANS A STATION FOR20 PASSENGER RAIL TRANSIT THAT USES AND OCCUPIES A SEPARATE21 RIGHT-OF-WAY OR RAIL LINE, INCLUDING COMMUTER RAIL AND LIGHT22 RAIL.23 (12) "G ROSS DENSITY" MEANS THE NUMBER OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS24 PER ACRE OF TOTAL RESIDENTIAL LAND AREA, INCLUDING LAND OCCUPIED25 BY PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RIGHTS-OF-WAY AND ANY RECREATIONAL , CIVIC,26 COMMERCIAL, AND OTHER NONRESIDENTIAL USES .27 SB23-213 -24- (13) "HISTORIC DISTRICT" MEANS A DISTRICT ESTABLISHED BY1 LOCAL LAW THAT MEETS THE DEFINITION OF "DISTRICT" SET FORTH IN 362 CFR 60.3 (d).3 (14) "L OCAL GOVERNMENT" MEANS A HOME RULE OR STATUTORY4 CITY, TOWN, TERRITORIAL CHARTER CITY, OR CITY AND COUNTY.5 (15) "L OCAL INCLUSIONARY ZONING ORDINANCE " MEANS A LOCAL6 LAW ENACTED PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-20-104 (1)(e.5) TO EITHER7 REQUIRE OR INCENTIVIZE THE CONSTRUCTION OF AFFORDABLE OR8 REGULATED AFFORDABLE HOUSING UNITS WITHIN MIXED -INCOME9 DEVELOPMENTS. AS USED IN THIS SUBSECTION (15), "MIXED-INCOME10 DEVELOPMENT" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS SET FORTH IN SECTION11 24-32-130 (1)(f).12 (16) "L OCAL LAW" MEANS ANY CODE, LAW, ORDINANCE, POLICY,13 REGULATION, OR RULE ENACTED BY A LOCAL GOVERNMENT THAT14 GOVERNS THE DEVELOPMENT AND USE OF LAND , INCLUDING LAND USE15 CODES, ZONING CODES, AND SUBDIVISION CODES.16 (17) "M ETROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION " MEANS A17 METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION UNDER THE "FEDERAL TRANSIT18 A CT OF 1998", 49 U.S.C. SEC. 5301 ET SEQ., AS AMENDED.19 (18) "M IDDLE HOUSING" MEANS A TYPE OF HOUSING THAT20 INCLUDES A:21 (a) B UILDING DESIGNED AS A SINGLE STRUCTURE CONTAINING22 BETWEEN TWO AND SIX SEPARATE DWELLING UNITS ;23 (b) T OWNHOME; OR24 (c) C OTTAGE CLUSTER.25 (19) "M INIMUM RESIDENTIAL DENSITY LIMIT" MEANS THE LOWEST26 DENSITY LIMIT A LOCAL GOVERNMENT MAY IMPOSE FOR NEW RESIDENTIAL27 SB23-213 -25- OR MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS MAY ALLOW HIGHER1 DENSITY DEVELOPMENT THAN THE MINIMUM RESIDENTIAL DENSITY LIMIT .2 (20) "M IXED-USE DEVELOPMENT " MEANS A DEVELOPMENT3 PROJECT THAT INTEGRATES MULTIPLE LAND USE TYPES .4 (21) "M ULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE " MEANS AN5 ADVISORY GROUP WITHOUT DECISION -MAKING AUTHORITY COMPOSED OF :6 (a) T HE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL7 AFFAIRS, OR THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S DESIGNEE;8 (b) T HE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE COLORADO ENERGY OFFICE,9 OR THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S DESIGNEE;10 (c) T HE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF11 TRANSPORTATION, OR THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S DESIGNEE; AND12 (d) T HE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL13 RESOURCES, OR THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR'S DESIGNEE.14 (22) "M ULTI-AGENCY GROUP" MEANS A GROUP COMPOSED OF15 STAFF FROM:16 (a) T HE DIVISION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF17 LOCAL AFFAIRS;18 (b) T HE COLORADO ENERGY OFFICE;19 (c) T HE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ; AND20 (d) T HE DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION .21 (23) "M ULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL HOUSING" MEANS A BUILDING OR22 GROUP OF BUILDINGS ON THE SAME LOT WITH SEPARATE LIVING UNITS FOR23 THREE OR MORE HOUSEHOLDS .24 (24) "N ET DENSITY" MEANS THE NUMBER OF RESIDENTIAL UNITS25 PER ACRE OF TOTAL RESIDENTIAL LAND AREA, EXCLUDING LAND OCCUPIED26 BY PUBLIC RIGHTS-OF-WAY AND ANY RECREATIONAL , CIVIC, COMMERCIAL,27 SB23-213 -26- AND OTHER NONRESIDENTIAL USES .1 (25) "O BJECTIVE PROCEDURE" MEANS A DEVELOPMENT REVIEW2 PROCEDURE OR PROCESS THAT DOE S NOT INVOLVE A DISCRETIONARY3 APPROVAL PROCESS.4 (26) "O BJECTIVE STANDARD" MEANS A STANDARD THAT BOTH :5 (a) D OES NOT REQUIRE A PUBLIC BODY OR OFFICIAL TO MAKE A6 PERSONAL OR SUBJECTIVE JUDGMENT ; AND7 (b) I S UNIFORMLY VERIFIABLE OR ASCERTAINABLE BY REFERENCE8 TO AN EXTERNAL OR UNIFORM BENCHMARK OR CRITERION THAT IS9 AVAILABLE AND KNOWABLE BY THE DEVELOPMENT APPLICANT OR10 PROPONENT AND THE PUBLIC BODY OR OFFICIAL PRIOR TO THE11 DEVELOPMENT APPLICANT OR PROPONENT 'S FILING OF A DEVELOPMENT12 PROPOSAL.13 (27) "P OPULATION" MEANS POPULATION AS OF THE MOST RECENT14 FEDERAL DECENNIAL CENSUS .15 (28) "R EGULATED AFFORDABLE HOUSING " MEANS AFFORDABLE16 HOUSING CREATED OR SUPPORTED BY PUBLIC SUBSIDIES , LOCAL17 INCLUSIONARY ZONING ORDINANCES , OR OTHER REGULATIONS THAT18 RESTRICT OR LIMIT RESIDENT INCOME LEVELS FOR A SPECIFIED PERIOD .19 (29) "R URAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY " MEANS A20 MUNICIPALITY THAT:21 (a) I S NOT WITHIN A METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION ;22 (b) H AS A POPULATION OF ONE THOUSAND OR MORE ;23 (c) H AS AT LEAST ONE THOUSAND TWO HUNDRED JOBS ACCORDING24 TO THE MOST RECENT UNITED STATES CENSUS BUREAU LONGITUDINAL25 EMPLOYER-HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS ORIGIN -DESTINATION EMPLOYMENT26 STATISTICS;27 SB23-213 -27- (d) HAS A MINIMUM JOBS-TO-POPULATION RATIO OF SIXTY-FOUR1 HUNDREDTHS; AND2 (e) H AS A TRANSIT STOP SERVICED BY A TRANSIT AGENCY THAT3 SERVES AT LEAST TWO MUNICIPALITIES AND WITH SERVICE THAT INCLUDES4 AN AVERAGE OF AT LEAST TWENTY HEADWAY TRIPS PER DAY , AS OF5 J ANUARY 1, 2023.6 (30) "S HORT-TERM RENTAL" MEANS A BUILDING OR A PORTION OF7 A BUILDING DESIGNED FOR USE PREDOMINANTLY AS A PLACE OF8 RESIDENCE BY A PERSON OR A FAMILY THAT IS PROVIDED TO AN9 INDIVIDUAL OR BUSINESS FOR FEWER THAN THIRTY CONSECUTIVE DAYS IN10 EXCHANGE FOR MONETARY PAYMENT .11 (31) "S INGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLING " MEANS A DETACHED12 BUILDING WITH A SINGLE DWELLING UNIT AND ON A SINGLE LOT .13 (32) "S TANDARD EXEMPT PARCEL " MEANS A PARCEL THAT:14 (a) L IES ENTIRELY OUTSIDE OF AN AREA THAT IS DESIGNATED AS15 AN URBANIZED AREA BY THE MOST RECENT FEDERAL DECENNIAL CENSUS ;16 (b) I S NOT SERVED BY A DOMESTIC WATER AND SEWAGE17 TREATMENT SYSTEM, AS DEFINED IN SECTION 24-65.1-104 (5);18 (c) I S IN AN AGRICULTURAL ZONING DISTRICT AS OF JANUARY 1,19 2023;20 (d) I S IN AN AREA OF THE WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE IDENTIFIED21 BY THE STATE FOREST SERVICE IN ITS STATEWIDE RISK ASSESSMENT MAP22 AS HIGH RISK, HIGH-VERY HIGH RISK, AND VERY HIGH RISK FOR WILDFIRES;23 OR24 (e) I S IN A FLOODWAY OR IN A ONE HUNDRED YEAR FLOODPLAIN ,25 AS IDENTIFIED BY THE FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY .26 (33) "T IER ONE URBAN MUNICIPALITY" MEANS EITHER:27 SB23-213 -28- (a) A MUNICIPALITY THAT:1 (I) I S WITHIN A METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION THAT2 HAS A POPULATION OF ONE MILLION OR MORE ;3 (II) H AS AT LEAST TEN PERCENT OF ITS LAND WITHIN AN AREA4 THAT IS DESIGNATED AS AN URBANIZED AREA BY THE MOST RECENT5 FEDERAL DECENNIAL CENSUS WITH A POPULATION GREATER THAN6 SEVENTY-FIVE THOUSAND; AND7 (III) H AS A POPULATION OF AT LEAST ONE THOUSAND ; OR8 (b) A MUNICIPALITY THAT IS:9 (I) W ITHIN A METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION THAT HAS10 A POPULATION OF LESS THAN ONE MILLION ; AND11 (II) H AS A POPULATION OF AT LEAST TWENTY -FIVE THOUSAND.12 (34) "T IER TWO URBAN MUNICIPALITY" MEANS A MUNICIPALITY13 THAT DOES NOT SATISFY THE DEFINITION OF A TIER ONE URBAN14 MUNICIPALITY AND:15 (a) I S WITHIN A METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION ;16 (b) H AS A POPULATION OF BETWEEN FIVE THOUSAND AND17 TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND; AND18 (c) I S IN A COUNTY WITH A POPULATION OF TWO HUNDRED FIFTY19 THOUSAND OR MORE.20 (35) "T OWNHOME" MEANS A DWELLING UNIT CONSTRUCTED IN A21 ROW OF TWO OR MORE ATTACHED DWELLING UNITS WHERE EACH22 DWELLING UNIT IS LOCATED ON AN INDIVIDUAL LOT AND SHARES AT LEAST23 ONE COMMON WALL WITH AN ADJACENT DWELLING UNIT .24 (36) "T RANSIT-ORIENTED AREA" MEANS AN AREA WHERE ALL25 PARCELS HAVE AT LEAST TWENTY -FIVE PERCENT OF THEIR AREA WITHIN26 ONE-HALF MILE OF AN EXISTING FIXED-RAIL TRANSIT STATION. FOR THE27 SB23-213 -29- PURPOSES OF THIS SUBSECTION (36), A FIXED-RAIL TRANSIT STATION IS A1 FIXED-RAIL TRANSIT SERVICE BOARDING AND EXITING LOCATION OR2 STATION FOR THE GENERAL PUBLIC.3 (37) "U RBAN BUS RAPID TRANSIT SERVICE" MEANS A BUS RAPID4 TRANSIT SERVICE THAT OPERATES ON A SURFACE STREET FOR THE5 MAJORITY OF ITS ROUTE.6 (38) "U RBAN MUNICIPALITY" MEANS BOTH A TIER ONE AND A TIER7 TWO URBAN MUNICIPALITY.8 (39) "U SE BY RIGHT" MEANS DEVELOPMENT THAT PROCEEDS9 UNDER OBJECTIVE STANDARDS SET FORTH IN ZONING OR OTHER LOCAL10 LAWS AND THAT DOES NOT HAVE A DISCRETIONARY APPROVAL PROCESS .11 29-33-103. Housing needs assessments - methodology.12 (1) (a) T HE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS13 SHALL ISSUE A METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING STATEWIDE , REGIONAL,14 AND LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS .15 (b) T HE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE , IN CONSULTATION16 WITH THE STATE DEMOGRAPHY OFFICE , SHALL, AS PART OF THE PUBLIC17 COMMENT AND HEARING PROCESS ESTABLISHED IN SECTION 29-33-108 (2),18 DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROVIDE TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR19 OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS CONCERNING THE METHODOLOGY20 FOR DEVELOPING STATEWIDE , REGIONAL, AND LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS21 ASSESSMENTS.22 (2) A T A MINIMUM, THE METHODOLOGY FOR DEVELOPING HOUSING23 NEEDS ASSESSMENTS MUST INCLUDE :24 (a) F OR THE STATEWIDE HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT , METHODS25 TO:26 (I) E STIMATE EXISTING HOUSING STOCK;27 SB23-213 -30- (II) CONDUCT A HOUSING SHORTAGE ANALYSIS ; AND1 (III) E STIMATE THE HOUSING NECESSARY BY HOUSEHOLD SIZE ,2 HOUSEHOLD TYPE , AND INCOME LEVEL TO ACCOMMODATE THE3 DEMOGRAPHIC AND POPULATION TRENDS FORECAST BY THE STATE4 DEMOGRAPHER;5 (b) F OR REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS , METHODS TO:6 (I) A LLOCATE REGIONAL SHARES OF THE STATEWIDE HOUSING7 NEEDS IDENTIFIED IN THE STATEWIDE HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT TO8 EACH REGION, BASED ON:9 (A) E XISTING AND PROJECTED HOUSING SHORTAGES AND10 SURPLUSES FOR DIFFERENT HOUSEHOLD TYPES AND INCOME LEVELS ;11 (B) E XISTING HOUSING DIVERSITY AND STOCK ; AND12 (C) F UTURE POPULATION AND JOB GROWTH PROJECTIONS ; AND13 (II) D ESIGNATE REGIONS BASED ON THE BOUNDARIES OF14 METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS , RURAL REGIONS, AND RURAL15 RESORT REGIONS. THE DESIGNATION OF RURAL REGIONS AND RURAL16 RESORT REGIONS MUST BE BASED ON REGIONAL COMMUTING PATTERNS17 AMONG OTHER FACTORS .18 (c) F OR LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS , METHODS TO19 ALLOCATE LOCAL SHARES OF THE STATEWIDE HOUSING NEEDS IDENTIFIED20 IN THE STATEWIDE HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT TO A LOCAL21 GOVERNMENT, BASED ON:22 (I) T HE CURRENT PROPORTION OF THE LOCALITY 'S POPULATION IN23 DIFFERENT HOUSEHOLD INCOME LEVELS ;24 (II) T HE LOCALITY'S CURRENT MEDIAN INCOME;25 (III) T HE LOCALITY'S JOB-HOUSING BALANCE;26 (IV) T HE LOCALITY'S POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ;27 SB23-213 -31- (V) MEASURES OF LOCAL RESOURCES IN THE LOCALITY ;1 (VI) V ACANCY RATES IN THE LOCALITY; AND2 (VII) R ATES OF HOMELESSNESS IN THE LOCALITY .3 (3) (a) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2024, AND EVERY FIVE4 YEARS THEREAFTER, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE METHODOLOGIES FOR5 DEVELOPING HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS , THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF6 THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS , WITH INPUT FROM THE7 MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE , SHALL PRODUCE STATEWIDE ,8 REGIONAL, AND LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS WITH TWENTY -YEAR9 PLANNING FORECASTS.10 (b) E ACH OF THE ASSESSMENTS MUST INCLUDE FOR THE RELEVANT11 AREA, BASED ON STATE DEMOGRAPHIC DATA DURING THE TWENTY -YEAR12 PLANNING PERIOD, ESTIMATES OF:13 (I) H OUSING NEEDS IN THE AREA SORTED BY INCOME LEVELS , UNIT14 SIZES, AND UNIT TYPES INCLUDING ACCESSIBLE UNITS AND SUPPORTIVE15 HOUSING;16 (II) T HE NUMBER OF HOUSEHOLDS IN THE AREA ;17 (III) T HE NUMBER OF JOBS IN THE AREA;18 (IV) T HE AREA'S POPULATION AND DEMOGRAPHICS ; AND19 (V) T HE AREA'S EXISTING HOUSING STOCK;20 (c) L OCAL GOVERNMENTS THAT ARE REQUIRED TO COMPLETE21 HOUSING NEEDS PLANS MUST USE THE LOCAL AND REGIONAL HOUSING22 NEEDS ASSESSMENTS TO INFORM THEIR HOUSING NEEDS PLANS .23 29-33-104. Housing needs plans - guidance - definition.24 (1) (a) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2024, THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR25 OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL ISSUE GUIDANCE FOR26 CREATING A HOUSING NEEDS PLAN .27 SB23-213 -32- (b) THE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL , AS PART OF1 THE PUBLIC COMMENT AND HEARING PROCESS ESTABLISHED IN SECTION2 29-33-108 (2), DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROVIDE TO THE3 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS4 CONCERNING GUIDANCE FOR CREATING A HOUSING NEEDS PLAN .5 (2) T HE GUIDANCE FOR CREATING A HOUSING NEEDS PLAN MUST6 INCLUDE GUIDANCE SPECIFICALLY FOR BOTH RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER7 MUNICIPALITIES AND URBAN MUNICIPALITIES .8 (3) (a) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2026, AND EVERY FIVE9 YEARS THEREAFTER, IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE GUIDANCE FOR CREATING10 A HOUSING NEEDS PLAN, EVERY RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY11 AND URBAN MUNICIPALITY SHALL DEVELOP , ADOPT, AND SUBMIT TO THE12 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS A HOUSING NEEDS PLAN . THE13 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL POST THE SUBMITTED PLANS14 PUBLICLY ON ITS WEBSITE.15 (b) B EFORE ADOPTING AND SUBMITTING A HOUSING NEEDS PLAN ,16 A RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY OR URBAN MUNICIPALITY17 SHALL PUBLISH THE MOST RECENT DRAFT OF ITS HOUSING NEEDS PLAN AND18 PROVIDE NOTICE OF A PUBLIC COMMENT PERIOD FOR THE RECEIPT OF19 WRITTEN COMMENTS CONCERNING THE PLAN . THE RURAL RESORT JOB20 CENTER MUNICIPALITY OR URBAN MUNICIPALITY MAY ALSO CHOOSE TO21 HOLD A PUBLIC HEARING ON THE PLAN.22 (4) A HOUSING NEEDS PLAN MUST INCLUDE :23 (a) A NARRATIVE DESCRIPTION OF THE STAKEHOLDER24 ENGAGEMENT CONDUCTED DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE HOUSING25 NEEDS PLAN;26 (b) A N ANALYSIS OF HOW THE RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER27 SB23-213 -33- MUNICIPALITY OR URBAN MUNICIPALITY WILL PROVIDE A REALISTIC1 OPPORTUNITY FOR DEVELOPMENT THAT WILL ADDRESS ITS LOCAL HOUSING2 NEEDS ASSESSMENT, INCLUDING THE DEMONSTRATED HOUSING NEEDS FOR3 PERSONS OF DIFFERENT INCOME LEVELS , OVER THE NEXT TWENTY YEARS4 WITH AN EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION OF HOUSING WITHIN THE JURISDICTION ;5 (c) A HOUSING NEEDS IMPLEMENTATION PLAN , WHICH MUST6 DESCRIBE HOW THE RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY OR URBAN7 MUNICIPALITY HAS COMPLIED WITH THE APPLICABLE HOUSING8 REQUIREMENTS OF THIS ARTICLE 33 FOR ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS ,9 MIDDLE HOUSING, TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS, AND KEY CORRIDORS, AND10 THE IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF ANY RELEVANT ADOPTED LOCAL LAWS11 THAT SATISFY THE MINIMUM STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN THIS ARTICLE 3312 OR OF ANY MODEL CODES;13 (d) A GREENFIELD DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS , AS DEFINED IN14 SUBSECTION (6) OF THIS SECTION, WHICH THE RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER15 MUNICIPALITY OR URBAN MUNICIPALITY SHALL ALSO PROVIDE TO THE16 DIVISION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL17 AFFAIRS;18 (e) (I) A DESCRIPTION OF AT LEAST TWO STRATEGIES THAT THE19 RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICI PALITY OR URBAN MUNICIPALITY20 ADOPTS FROM THE MENU OF AFFORDABILITY STRATEGIES DESCRIBED IN21 SECTION 29-33-105. THESE STRATEGIES MUST BOTH ADDRESS HOUSING22 NEEDS AND MAKE PROGRESS TOWARD MEETING DEMONSTRATED HOUSING23 NEEDS ACROSS ALL HOUSEHOLD INCOMES AND TYPES IDENTIFIED IN THE24 LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT ; AND25 (II) A N IMPLEMENTATION PLAN AND THE ANTICIPATED OUTCOMES26 FOR EACH OF THE STRATEGIES ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS SUBSECTION27 SB23-213 -34- (4)(e);1 (f) I N THE CASE OF A RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY OR2 URBAN MUNICIPALITY WITH A TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREA, AT LEAST THREE3 STRATEGIES ADOPTED PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (4)(e) OF THIS SECTION;4 AND5 (g) I N THE CASE OF AN URBAN MUNICIPALITY , A NARRATIVE6 ANALYSIS OF ANY AREA AT ELEVATED RISK OF RESIDENTIAL7 DISPLACEMENT THAT THE URBAN MUNICIPALITY HAS IDENTIFIED AND A8 DESCRIPTION OF AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR THE STRATEGIES FROM9 THE MENU OF DISPLACEMENT MITIGATION MEASURES DESCRIBED IN10 SECTION 29-33-106, THAT THE URBAN MUNICIPALITY WILL USE TO11 MITIGATE IDENTIFIED DISPLACEMENT RISKS IN THESE AREAS .12 (5) W HEN UPDATING ITS MASTER PLAN , A RURAL RESORT JOB13 CENTER MUNICIPALITY OR URBAN MUNICIPALITY SHALL INCLUDE ITS MOST14 RECENT HOUSING NEEDS PLAN IN ITS MASTER PLAN .15 (6) A S USED IN THIS SECTION, A "GREENFIELD DEVELOPMENT16 ANALYSIS" MEANS AN ANALYSIS IN WHICH A LOCAL GOVERNMENT17 CLASSIFIES ANY AREA THAT IS LOCATED IN A METROPOLITAN PLANNING18 ORGANIZATION BUT OUTSIDE OF A CENSUS URBANIZED AREA IDENTIFIED19 IN A MASTER PLAN OR OUTSIDE OF A PLAN REQUIRED BY SECTION20 31-12-105 (1)(e) AS A CONSERVATION AREA, EFFICIENT GROWTH AREA, OR21 GENERAL GROWTH AREA . IN MAKING THIS IDENTIFICATION , A LOCAL22 GOVERNMENT SHALL RELY ON THE CRITERIA AND DEFINITIONS IN THE23 STRATEGIC GROWTH OBJECTIVES MOST RECENTLY PUBLISHED BY THE24 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS . THESE25 DESIGNATIONS PROVIDE INFORMATION TO STATE AND REGIONAL ENTITIES26 FOR PLANNING PROCESSES, PROJECT PRIORITIZATION, AND GRANT FUNDING27 SB23-213 -35- CRITERIA.1 29-33-105. Menu of affordability strategies. (1) (a) N O LATER2 THAN DECEMBER 31, 2024, THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE3 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL DEVELOP AND PUBLISH A MENU OF4 AFFORDABILITY STRATEGIES THAT INCLUDES STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS5 HOUSING PRODUCTION, PRESERVATION, AND AFFORDABILITY.6 (b) T HE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL , AS PART OF7 THE PUBLIC COMMENT AND HEARING PROCESS ESTABLISHED IN SECTION8 29-33-108 (2), DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROVIDE TO THE9 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF LOCAL AFFAIRS CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT10 OF A MENU OF AFFORDABILITY STRATEGIES .11 (2) T HE MENU OF AFFORDABILITY STRATEGIES MUST IDENTIFY12 WHICH STRATEGIES MAY BE MOST EFFECTIVE FOR RURAL RESORT JOB13 CENTER MUNICIPALITIES AND WHICH STRATEGIES MAY BE MOST EFFECTIVE14 FOR URBAN MUNICIPALITIES.15 (3) T HE MENU OF AFFORDABILITY STRATEGIES MAY INCLUDE THE16 FOLLOWING:17 (a) S TRATEGIES PROPOSED BY LOCAL GOVERNMENTS TO THE18 MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE ;19 (b) S USTAINABLE LAND USE BEST PRACTICES IDENTIFIED IN20 SECTION 24-32-133 (2); AND21 (c) P OLICY OR REGULATORY TOOLS THAT LOCAL GOVERNMENTS22 MAY ADOPT AS INCENTIVES TO PROMOTE AFFORDABLE HOUSING23 DEVELOPMENT AS IDENTIFIED IN SECTION 24-32-130 (3).24 29-33-106. Menu of displacement mitigation measures for25 urban municipalities. (1) (a) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2024, THE26 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL27 SB23-213 -36- DEVELOP A MENU OF DISPLACEMENT MITIGATION MEASURES FOR URBAN1 MUNICIPALITIES.2 (b) T HE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL , AS PART OF3 THE PUBLIC COMMENT AND HEARING PROCESS ESTABLISHED IN SECTION4 29-33-108 (2), DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROVIDE TO THE5 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF LOCAL AFFAIRS CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT6 OF A MENU OF DISPLACEMENT MITIGATION MEASURES .7 (2) T HE MENU OF DISPLACEMENT MITIGATION MEASURES MUST :8 (a) P ROVIDE GUIDANCE TO IDENTIFY THE HIGHEST RISKS FOR9 DISPLACEMENT USING OBJECTIVE STANDARDS ;10 (b) P ROVIDE GUIDANCE AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HOW A11 LOCAL GOVERNMENT SHALL INCORPORATE ANTI -DISPLACEMENT12 MEASURES INTO A HOUSING NEEDS PLAN ; AND13 (c) I NCLUDE DISPLACEMENT MITIGATION MEASURES LOCAL14 GOVERNMENTS MAY CHOSE FROM IN DEVELOPING A HOUSING NEEDS PLAN .15 29-33-107. Strategic growth objectives - reporting. (1) (a) N O16 LATER THAN MARCH 31, 2024, THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE17 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL PUBLISH A REPORT THAT18 IDENTIFIES STRATEGIC GROWTH OBJECTIVES .19 (b) T HE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL , AS PART OF20 THE PUBLIC COMMENT AND HEARING PROCESS ESTABLISHED IN SECTION21 29-33-108 (2), DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROVIDE TO THE22 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS23 CONCERNING STRATEGIC GROWTH OBJECTIVES .24 (2) T HE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL25 AFFAIRS SHALL IDENTIFY STRATEGIC GROWTH OBJECTIVES , THE26 IMPLEMENTATION OF WHICH WILL INCENTIVIZE GROWTH THAT MEETS27 SB23-213 -37- STATE GOALS, INCLUDING REDUCING THE STATE 'S GREENHOUSE GAS1 EMISSIONS, IN AREAS NEAR TRANSIT, INFILL AREAS, AND AT THE EDGES OF2 URBAN AREAS.3 (3) T HE STRATEGIC GROWTH OBJECTIVES MUST :4 (a) G UIDE STATE, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL PLANNING AGENCIES IN5 UPDATING RELEVANT PLANS ;6 (b) I NFORM STATE FUNDING DECISIONS , SO THAT THEY BETTER7 ALIGN WITH THE HOUSING POLICIES SET IN THIS ARTICLE 33;8 (c) P ROVIDE DEFINITIONS OF, AND CRITERIA TO IDENTIFY ,9 CONSERVATION AREAS, EFFICIENT GROWTH AREAS, GENERAL GROWTH10 AREAS, AND ANY OTHER AREA DESIGNATIONS TO BE DETERMINED ; AND11 (d) R ECOMMEND HOW TO STREAMLINE STATE AGENCY PROCESSES12 THAT IMPACT DEVELOPMENT .13 (4) N O LATER THAN MARCH 31, 2024, THE MULTI-AGENCY GROUP14 SHALL SUBMIT A REPORT TO THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY . THE REPORT MUST15 ADDRESS HOW TO IMPLEMENT THE STRATEGIC GROWTH OBJECTIVES . THE16 REPORT MUST ASSESS THE IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT PATTERNS AND17 INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS ON THE FISCAL HEALTH OF LOCAL , REGIONAL,18 AND STATE AGENCIES IN COLORADO, LOCALITIES, AND THE STATE. THE19 REPORT MAY IDENTIFY LEGISLATION OR RULEMAKING THAT WOULD20 IMPROVE THE FISCAL HEALTH OF INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS .21 29-33-108. Public comment and hearing process. (1) I N22 DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING GUIDANCE FOR THE23 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS , THE24 MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL CONDUCT A PUBLIC25 COMMENT AND HEARING PROCESS ABOUT :26 (a) D EVELOPING METHODOLOGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF27 SB23-213 -38- STATEWIDE, REGIONAL, AND LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS1 PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-33-103;2 (b) C REATING A HOUSING NEEDS PLAN PURSUANT TO SECTION3 29-33-104;4 (c) D EVELOPING A MENU OF AFFORDABILITY STRATEGIES THAT5 INCLUDES STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS HOUSING PRODUCTION ,6 PRESERVATION, AND AFFORDABILITY PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-33-105;7 (d) D EVELOPING A MENU OF DISPLACEMENT MITIGATION8 MEASURES FOR URBAN MUNICIPALITIES PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-33-106; 9 (e) P UBLISHING A REPORT THAT IDENTIFIES STRATEGIC GROWTH10 OBJECTIVES PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-33-107; AND11 (f) D EVELOPING REPORTING GUIDANCE AND TEMPLATES FOR12 RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITIES AND URBAN MUNICIPALITIES13 PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-33-112.14 (2) T O CONDUCT THE PUBLIC COMMENT AND HEARING PROCESS15 REQUIRED BY SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION, THE MULTI-AGENCY16 ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL :17 (a) P ROVIDE PUBLIC NOTICE AND HOLD AT LEAST TWO PUBLIC18 MEETINGS AT WHICH MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO19 COMMENT ON THE SUBJECT OF THE HEARING ;20 (b) A LLOW THE SUBMISSION OF WRITTEN COMMENTS ON THE21 SUBJECT OF THE HEARING;22 (c) C ONDUCT OUTREACH TO AND SOLICIT FEEDBACK FROM LOCAL23 GOVERNMENTS AND REGIONAL PLANNING AGENCIES ; AND24 (d) C ONSULT WITH EXPERTS IN DISABILITY RIGHTS, AFFORDABLE25 HOUSING, FAIR HOUSING, PLANNING AND ZONING, AND RELATED FIELDS.26 29-33-109. Natural and agricultural land priorities report.27 SB23-213 -39- (1) NO LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2024, THE OFFICE OF CLIMATE1 PREPAREDNESS CREATED IN SECTION 24-38.8-102 (1) SHALL CONSULT2 WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE , THE DIVISION OF PARKS AND3 WILDLIFE WITHIN THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES , THE4 OUTDOOR RECREATION INDUSTRY OFFICE IN THE OFFICE OF ECONOMIC5 DEVELOPMENT, THE COLORADO TOURISM OFFICE, AND THE MULTI-AGENCY6 GROUP TO DEVELOP A REPORT THAT IDENTIFIES INTERJURISDICTIONAL7 PRIORITIES THAT METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD8 APPLY TO ACHIEVE BOTH:9 (a) C ONNECTIVITY TO OPEN SPACE AND NATURAL LANDS ; AND10 (b) P RESERVATION OF AGRICULTURAL LAND AND OPEN SPACE .11 (2) T HE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL PUBLISH THE12 REPORT AND MAKE IT AVAILABLE AS A RESOURCE FOR LOCAL13 GOVERNMENTS FOR USE IN DEVELOPING MASTER PLANS PURSUANT TO14 SECTIONS 30-28-106 (6.5)(d) AND 31-23-206 (6.5)(d) AS APPLICABLE.15 29-33-110. Regional collaboration - rural resort regional16 housing needs plan process. (1) (a) N O LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2026, A17 COUNTY OR MUNICIPALITY WITHIN A REGION DEFINED AS A RURAL RESORT18 REGION IN THE REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT SHALL19 PARTICIPATE IN A REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS PLANNING PROCESS .20 (b) A REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS PLANNING PROCESS MUST21 ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATING COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES TO IDENTIFY22 STRATEGIES THAT ADDRESS THE HOUSING NEEDS ASSIGNED TO THOSE23 COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES IN LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS24 THROUGH EITHER:25 (I) T HE ADOPTION OF STRATEGIES BY AN INDIVIDUAL COUNTY OR26 MUNICIPALITY; OR27 SB23-213 -40- (II) THE ADOPTION OF STRATEGIES THR OUGH1 INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGREEMENTS .2 (c) A REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS PLANNING PROCESS MUST3 INCLUDE:4 (I) A MAP IDENTIFYING LOCATIONS WHERE MINIMUM STANDARDS5 FOR MIDDLE HOUSING, TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS, AND KEY CORRIDORS6 CAN MEET THE HOUSING NEEDS IDENTIFIED IN THE REGIONAL HOUSING7 NEEDS ASSESSMENT;8 (II) P RIORITY STRATEGIES FROM THE MENU OF AFFORDABILITY9 STRATEGIES DEVELOPED IN SECTION 29-33-105 THAT SUPPORT MEETING10 THE AFFORDABILITY LEVELS IDENTIFIED IN THE REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS11 ASSESSMENT; AND12 (III) L OCATIONS WHERE THE REDUCTION OF PARKING MINIMUMS13 CAN ALLEVIATE HOUSING AFFORDABILITY NEEDS .14 (d) (I) A T THE CONCLUSION OF A REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS15 PLANNING PROCESS, A REPORT MUST BE SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT16 OF LOCAL AFFAIRS THAT DOCUMENTS THE OUTCOMES ACHIEVED BY AND17 COMMITMENTS MADE BY THE COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES THAT18 PARTICIPATED IN THE REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS PROCESS IN MEETING THE19 REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT BY :20 (A) A N ENTITY AGREED UPON BY ALL OF THE COUNTIES AND21 MUNICIPALITIES WHO PARTICIPATE IN THE REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS22 PLANNING PROCESS IF THEY CAN AGREE ON SUCH AN ENTITY ; OR23 (B) I F THE COUNTIES AND MUNICIPALITIES CANNOT AGREE UPON24 AN ENTITY PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (1)(d)(I)(A) OF THIS SECTION, THE25 MULTI-AGENCY GROUP.26 (II) T HE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL REVIEW THE27 SB23-213 -41- REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS PLANNING PROCESS REPORT AND ASSESS THE1 APPLICABILITY OF THE STRATEGIES IDENTIFIED IN THE REPORT IN MEETING2 THE HOUSING NEEDS IDENTIFIED IN THE REGI ONAL HOUSING NEEDS3 ASSESSMENT. AFTER REVIEWING THE REPORT, THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL4 AFFAIRS SHALL APPROVE THE REPORT OR PROVIDE FEEDBACK AS NEEDED .5 (e) O NLY PARTS OF A RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY6 THAT ARE IDENTIFIED IN A REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT7 IDENTIFIED IN THE MAP INCLUDED IN THE HOUSING NEEDS PLANNING8 PROCESS PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (1)(c)(I) OF THIS SECTION ARE9 SUBJECT TO THE MODEL CODES AND MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR MIDDLE10 HOUSING AND KEY CORRIDORS .11 (2) W ITHIN SIX MONTHS OF CONCLUDING A REGIONAL HOUSING12 NEEDS PLANNING PROCESS AS DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS13 SECTION, A RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY SHALL SUBMIT A14 LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS PLAN TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS15 THAT BOTH COMPLIES WITH SECTION 29-33-104 (4) AND IDENTIFIES THE16 STRATEGIES THAT THE MUNICIPALITY WILL USE TO MEET ITS LOCAL17 HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT . THE MUNICIPALITY MAY INCLUDE18 STRATEGIES THAT IT WILL ADOPT THROUGH INTERGOVERNMENTAL19 AGREEMENTS IN THE LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS PLAN .20 29-33-111. Technical assistance - housing plans assistance21 fund - definition. (1) T HE DIVISION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT WITHIN THE22 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL PROVIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE23 MATERIALS, BRIEFINGS, CONSULTING SERVICES, TEMPLATES, TOOLS,24 TRAININGS, WEBINARS, OR OTHER GUIDANCE TO AID LOCAL GOVERNMENTS25 AND METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATIONS IN UPDATING LOCAL LAWS26 AND OTHERWISE COMPLYING WITH THIS ARTICLE 33.27 SB23-213 -42- (2) TO ASSIST LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN COMPLYING WITH THIS1 ARTICLE 33, THE DIVISION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT WITHIN THE2 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS , WITH THE SUPPORT OF THE3 MULTI-AGENCY GROUP, SHALL PROVIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING4 THROUGH EITHER A GRANT PROGRAM OR THE PROVISION OF CONSULTANT5 SERVICES THROUGH SUBJECT JURISDICTIONS OR BOTH A GRANT PROGRAM6 AND PROVISION OF CONSULTANT SERVICES . THE DIVISION OF LOCAL7 GOVERNMENT MAY ALSO PROVIDE TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FUNDING8 THROUGH A METROPOLITAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION OR OTHER9 REGIONAL ENTITY.10 (3) (a) T HE HOUSING PLANS ASSISTANCE FUND IS CREATED IN THE11 STATE TREASURY. THE FUND CONSISTS OF ANY MONEY THAT THE GENERAL12 ASSEMBLY MAY TRANSFER OR APPROPRIATE TO THE FUND FOR13 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GRANT PROGRAM , AND GIFTS, GRANTS, OR14 DONATIONS CREDITED TO THE FUND. THE STATE TREASURER SHALL CREDIT15 ALL INTEREST AND INCOME DERIVED FROM THE DEPOSIT AND INVESTMENT16 OF MONEY IN THE HOUSING PLANS ASSISTANCE CASH FUND TO THE FUND .17 (b) S UBJECT TO ANNUAL APPROPRIATION BY THE GENERAL18 ASSEMBLY, THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY EXPEND MONEY19 FROM THE FUND FOR THE PURPOSES OF PROVIDING TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE20 AND IMPLEMENTING A GRANT PROGRAM PURSUANT TO SUBSECTIONS (1)21 AND (2) OF THIS SECTION.22 29-33-112. Reporting requirements. (1) (a) N O LATER THAN23 D ECEMBER 31, 2025, THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF24 LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL DEVELOP REPORTING GUIDANCE AND TEMPLATES25 FOR RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITIES AND URBAN26 MUNICIPALITIES.27 SB23-213 -43- (b) THE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL , AS PART OF1 THE PUBLIC COMMENT AND HEARING PROCESS ESTABLISHED IN SECTION2 29-33-108 (2), PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR3 OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS CONCERNING THE DEVELOPMENT4 OF REPORTING GUIDANCE AND TEMPLATES FOR RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER5 MUNICIPALITIES AND URBAN MUNICIPALITIES .6 (2) A T A MINIMUM, RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITIES7 AND URBAN MUNICIPALITIES SHALL REPORT , NO LATER THAN DECEMBER8 31, 2026, IN A FORM AND MANNER DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF9 LOCAL AFFAIRS, THE FOLLOWING HOUSING DATA TO THE DEPARTMENT OF10 LOCAL AFFAIRS ONCE EVERY YEAR :11 (a) T HE NUMBER OF PERMITS THAT THE MUNICIPALITY ISSUED FOR12 NEW HOUSING UNITS CATEGORIZED BY THE NUMBER OF UNITS IN EACH13 STRUCTURE TYPE;14 (b) T HE NUMBER OF NEW HOUSING UNITS CATEGORIZED BY THE15 NUMBER OF UNITS IN EACH STRUCTURE TYPE , IN THE MUNICIPALITY ON16 WHICH CONSTRUCTION HAS BEGUN ;17 (c) T IMEFRAMES TO COMPLETE RESIDENTIAL PERMIT REVIEWS BY18 HOUSING TYPE;19 (d) W ORKFORCE ASSIGNED TO DEVELOPMENT REVIEW BY POSITION20 TYPE;21 (e) T HE IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF THE STRATEGIES IDENTIFIED22 IN THE MUNICIPALITY'S HOUSING NEEDS PLAN;23 (f) Z ONING INFORMATION THAT MAY INCLUDE GEOSPATIAL DATA24 SPECIFYING ZONING DISTRICTS, ALLOWED USES AND DENSITIES , AND25 OTHER DATA IN A STANDARD FORMAT ; AND26 (g) T HE NUMBER OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL AGREEMENTS THAT27 SB23-213 -44- THE MUNICIPALITY HAS ENTERED INTO TO ADDRESS ITS LOCAL AND1 REGIONAL HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENTS AND A DESCRIPTION OF THESE2 AGREEMENTS.3 (3) U PON RECEIVING THE REPORTS FROM THE RURAL RESORT JOB4 CENTER MUNICIPALITIES AND URBAN MUNICIPALITIES PURSUANT TO5 SUBSECTION (2) OF THIS SECTION, THE DIVISION OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL6 PUBLISH AN ANALYSIS ON A PUBLICLY AVAILABLE DASHBOARD THAT7 INCLUDES ALL OF THE INFORMATION IN THE REPORTS .8 29-33-113. Compliance. N O LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2027, THE9 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL CONDUCT A COMPLIANCE REVIEW10 AND APPROVE HOUSING NEEDS PLANS OR PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO RURAL11 RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITIES AND URBAN MUNICIPALITIES AS12 NEEDED.13 PART 214 ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS15 29-33-201. Legislative declaration. (1) (a) T HE GENERAL16 ASSEMBLY HEREBY FINDS, DETERMINES, AND DECLARES THAT:17 (I) L OCAL GOVERNMENT LAND USE DECISIONS FREQUENTLY LIMIT18 ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT DEVELOPMENT ;19 (II) T HE TEN LARGEST MUNICIPALITIES IN THE DENVER20 METROPOLITAN AREA ALLOW SINGLE -UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS AS A21 USE BY RIGHT ON OVER EIGHTY -FIVE PERCENT OF THEIR RESIDENTIAL22 LAND, COMPARED TO TWENTY-FOUR PERCENT FOR ACCESSORY DWELLING23 UNITS, ACCORDING TO PUBLICLY AVAILABLE ZONING DATA ;24 (III) H OUSING SUPPLY IMPACTS HOUSING AFFORDABILITY ;25 (IV) H OUSING PRICES ARE TYPICALLY HIGHER WHEN HOUSING26 SUPPLY IS RESTRICTED BY LOCAL LAND USE REGULATIONS IN A27 SB23-213 -45- METROPOLITAN REGION, ACCORDING TO STUDIES SUCH AS THE NATIONAL1 B UREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS "REGULATION AND2 H OUSING SUPPLY", "THE IMPACT OF ZONING ON HOUSING3 A FFORDABILITY", AND "THE IMPACT OF LOCAL RESIDENTIAL LAND USE4 R ESTRICTIONS ON LAND VALUES ACROSS AND WITHIN SINGLE FAMILY5 H OUSING MARKETS". INCREASING HOUSING SUPPLY MODERATES PRICE6 INCREASES AND IMPROVES HOUSING AFFORDABILITY ACROSS ALL7 INCOMES, ACCORDING TO STUDIES SUCH AS "THE ECONOMIC8 I MPLICATIONS OF HOUSING SUPPLY", IN THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC9 P ERSPECTIVES, AND "SUPPLY SKEPTICISM: HOUSING SUPPLY AND10 A FFORDABILITY", IN THE JOURNAL OF HOUSING POLICY DEBATE.11 (V) M ORE PERMISSIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT ACCESSORY12 DWELLING UNIT REGULATIONS CAN HELP INCREASE HOUSING SUPPLY AND13 STABILIZE HOUSING COSTS;14 (VI) A CCESSORY DWELLING UNITS OFFER A WAY TO PROVIDE15 COMPACT, RELATIVELY AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN ESTABLISHED16 NEIGHBORHOODS WITH MINIMAL IMPACTS TO INFRASTRUCTURE AND ALSO17 SUPPLY NEW HOUSING WITHOUT ADDING NEW DISPERSED LOW -DENSITY18 HOUSING;19 (VII) R ELATIVE TO DISPERSED LOW -DENSITY DEVELOPMENT ,20 COMPACT INFILL DEVELOPMENT , INCLUDING ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT21 DEVELOPMENT, REDUCES WATER USE , GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ,22 INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS, AND HOUSEHOLD ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION23 COSTS;24 (VIII) A CCESSORY DWELLING UNITS PROVIDE FINANCIAL BENEFITS25 TO HOMEOWNERS;26 (IX) A CCESSORY DWELLING UNITS GENERATE RENTAL INCOME TO27 SB23-213 -46- HELP HOMEOWNERS COVER MORTGAGE PAYMENTS OR OTHER COSTS ,1 WHICH CAN BE IMPORTANT FOR OLDER HOMEOWNERS ON FIXED INCOMES ;2 (X) A CCESSORY DWELLING UNITS CAN PROVIDE FAMILIES WITH3 OPTIONS FOR INTERGENERATIONAL LIVING ARRANGEMENTS THAT ENABLE4 CHILD OR ELDER CARE AND AGING IN PLACE ; AND5 (XI) A CCESSORY DWELLING UNITS USE SIGNIFICANTLY LESS6 ENERGY FOR HEATING AND COOLING THAN SINGLE -UNIT DETACHED7 DWELLINGS BECAUSE OF THEIR SMALLER SIZE , WHICH REDUCES8 HOUSEHOLD ENERGY COSTS AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS .9 (b) T HEREFORE, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECLARES THAT THE10 INCREASED SUPPLY OF HOUSING THROUGH ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS11 IS A MATTER OF MIXED STATE AND LOCAL CONCERN .12 29-33-202. Definitions. A S USED IN THIS PART 2, UNLESS THE13 CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES :14 (1) "M INIMUM STANDARDS" MEANS THE MINIMUM STANDARDS15 ESTABLISHED IN SECTION 29-33-205.16 (2) "M ODEL CODE" MEANS THE MODEL CODE PROMULGATED BY17 THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS18 PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-33-204.19 (3) "N ON-URBAN MUNICIPALITY" MEANS A MUNICIPALITY THAT IS20 NEITHER A RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY NOR AN URBAN21 MUNICIPALITY AND THAT HAS A POPULATION OF FIVE T HOUSAND OR MORE .22 (4) "S UBJECT JURISDICTION" MEANS A NON-URBAN MUNICIPALITY,23 RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY , OR URBAN MUNICIPALITY.24 29-33-203. Applicability - exemptions. (1) T HE REQUIREMENTS25 OF THIS PART 2 APPLY ONLY IN A SUBJECT JURISDICTION.26 (2) U NLESS A SUBJECT JURISDICTION DECIDES OTHERWISE , LOCAL27 SB23-213 -47- LAWS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS PART 2 ONLY APPLY TO PARCELS THAT1 ARE NOT STANDARD EXEMPT PARCELS .2 29-33-204. Model code. (1) (a) N O LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2024,3 THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL4 PROMULGATE AN ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT MODEL CODE .5 (b) T HE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY CO MMITTEE SHALL PROVIDE6 RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT7 OF LOCAL AFFAIRS CONCERNING THE MODEL CODE .8 (2) I N DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE MODEL9 CODE, THE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL :10 (a) P ROVIDE PUBLIC NOTICE AND HOLD AT LEAST TWO PUBLIC11 MEETINGS AT WHICH MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO12 COMMENT ON THE MODEL CODE ;13 (b) A LLOW THE SUBMISSION OF WRITTEN COMMENTS ON THE14 MODEL CODE;15 (c) C ONDUCT OUTREACH TO AND SOLICIT FEEDBACK FROM LOCAL16 GOVERNMENTS AND REGIONAL PLANNING AGENCIES ; AND17 (d) C ONSULT WITH EXPERTS IN DISABILITY RIGHTS, AFFORDABLE18 HOUSING, FAIR HOUSING, PLANNING, ZONING, AND RELATED FIELDS.19 (3) T HE MODEL CODE MUST, AT A MINIMUM:20 (a) A LLOW ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS AS A USE BY RIGHT IN21 ANY PART OF THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION WHERE THE SUBJECT22 JURISDICTION ALLOWS SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS AS A USE BY23 RIGHT AS OF JANUARY 1, 2023; AND24 (b) E STABLISH OBJECTIVE STANDARDS FOR ALL OF THE ELEMENTS25 ADDRESSED IN THE MINIMUM STANDARDS .26 (4) T HE MODEL CODE MUST NOT INCLUDE A REQUIREMENT FOR27 SB23-213 -48- NEW OFF-STREET PARKING IN CONNECTION WITH THE CONSTRUCTION OR1 PERMITTING OF AN ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT .2 29-33-205. Minimum standards. (1) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY3 LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT DOES NOT4 ADOPT THE MODEL CODE SHALL :5 (a) A LLOW ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS AS A USE BY RIGHT IN6 ANY PART OF THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION WHERE THE SUBJECT7 JURISDICTION ALLOWS SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS AS A USE BY8 RIGHT AS OF JANUARY 1, 2023;9 (b) O NLY ADOPT OR ENFORCE LOCAL LAWS CONCERNING10 ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT LAND USE THAT USE OBJECTIVE STANDARDS11 AND OBJECTIVE PROCEDURES;12 (c) A LLOW ADDITIONS TO, OR THE CONVERSION OF, AN EXISTING13 SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLING TO CREATE AN ACCESSORY DWELLING14 UNIT SO LONG AS THE ADDITION OR CONVERSION DOES NOT INCREASE15 NONCONFORMANCE WITH APPLICABLE OBJECTIVE STANDARDS , UNLESS16 LOCAL LAWS ALLOW FOR SUCH AN INCREASE IN NONCONFORMANCE ;17 (d) I F THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION APPLIES DESIGN STANDARDS TO18 ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS, ONLY APPLY THE SAME DESIGN STANDARDS19 TO AN ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT THAT THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION20 APPLIES TO A SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLING ; AND21 (e) A LLOW ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT SIZES OF AT LEAST THE22 GREATER OF EITHER EIGHT HUNDRED SQUARE FEET OR FIFTY PERCENT OF23 THE SIZE OF THE PRIMARY RESIDENCE ON THE SAME LOT .24 (2) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A25 SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT DOES NOT ADOPT THE MODEL CODE SHALL26 NOT:27 SB23-213 -49- (a) ADOPT, ENACT, OR ENFORCE LOCAL LAWS CONCERNING1 ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT LAND USE THAT ARE MORE RESTRICTIVE THAN2 LOCAL LAWS CONCERNING SINGLE -UNIT DETACHED DWELLING LAND USE3 IN THE SAME ZONING DISTRICT OR OTHER TYPE OF DISTRICT THAT4 REGULATES LAND USE, UNLESS REQUIRED BY THE MINIMUM STANDARDS5 OR MODEL CODE;6 (b) A DOPT, ENACT, OR ENFORCE LOCAL LAWS THAT INDIVIDUALLY7 OR CUMULATIVELY CREATE UNREASONABLE COSTS OR DELAYS OR THAT8 MAKE THE PERMITTING, SITING, OR CONSTRUCTION OF AN ACCESSORY9 DWELLING UNIT ON AN ELIGIBLE PROPERTY INFEASIBLE ;10 (c) I MPOSE A REQUIREMENT ON AN ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT11 THAT IS CONTINGENT UPON THE PRIMARY RESIDENCE ON THE SAME LOT12 BEING OWNER-OCCUPIED;13 (d) A MEND, DEVELOP, OR INTERPRET A LOCAL LAW APPLICABLE TO14 AN ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT IN A MANNER THAT INTERFERES WITH THE15 INTENT OF THIS PART 2;16 (e) F OR URBAN MUNICIPALITIES ONLY, REQUIRE NEW OFF-STREET17 PARKING IN CONNECTION WITH THE CONSTRUCTION OR PERMITTING OF AN18 ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT; OR19 (f) R EQUIRE SIDE OR REAR SETBACKS GREATER THAN FIVE FEET20 FOR AN ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT , UNLESS SUCH A SETBACK IS21 NECESSARY TO COMPLY WITH PUBLIC HEALTH OR SAFETY STANDARDS .22 (3) T HE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY PROMULGATE RULES23 AS IT DEEMS NECESSARY TO UPDATE THE MINIMUM STANDARDS OR MODEL24 CODE, UTILIZING A PUBLIC HEARING AND COMMENT PROCESS .25 29-33-206. Adoption of model codes - satisfaction of minimum26 standards - reporting. (1) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2024, A27 SB23-213 -50- SUBJECT JURISDICTION SHALL EITHER:1 (a) A DOPT LOCAL LAWS CONCERNING ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS2 THAT SATISFY THE MINIMUM STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN SECTION3 29-33-205; OR4 (b) A DOPT THE MODEL CODE.5 (2) I F A SUBJECT JURISDICTION DOES NOT SATISFY THE6 REQUIREMENTS OF SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION BEFORE JUNE 30,7 2025, THE MODEL CODE GOES INTO EFFECT IMMEDIATELY FOR APPLICABLE8 PARCELS, AS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 29-33-303, IN THE SUBJECT9 JURISDICTION UNTIL THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS DETERMINES10 THAT THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS ADOPTED LAWS THAT COMPLY WITH11 THE MINIMUM STANDARDS .12 (3) I F A SUBJECT JURISDICTION ADOPTS THE MODEL CODE OR THE13 MODEL CODE IS OTHERWISE IN EFFECT FOR A SUBJECT JURISDICTION14 PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (2) OF THIS SECTION, THE SUBJECT15 JURISDICTION SHALL:16 (a) U SE OBJECTIVE PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE WHETHER AN17 ACCESSORY DWELLING PROJECT SATISFIES THE MODEL CODE AND APPROVE18 SUCH A PROJECT IF IT SATISFIES THE MODEL CODE; AND19 (b) N OT ADOPT, ENACT, OR ENFORCE ANY LOCAL LAWS THAT20 CONTRAVENE THE MODEL CODE .21 (4) (a) N O LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2024, A SUBJECT JURISDICTION22 MAY SUBMIT AN APPLICATION TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS , IN23 A FORM AND MANNER DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL24 AFFAIRS, FOR AN EXTENSION OF THE APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS ADOPTED25 PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION.26 (b) T HE APPLICATION MUST INCLUDE A DEMONSTRATION BY THE27 SB23-213 -51- SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT:1 (I) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION'S WATER, SEWER, OR STORMWATER2 SERVICES ARE CURRENTLY DEFICIENT IN SPECIFIC AREAS , OR ARE3 EXPECTED TO BECOME DEFICIENT IN THE NEXT FIVE YEARS ;4 (II) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS ESTABLISHED A PLAN OF5 ACTION TO REMEDY THE DEFICIENT WATER , SEWER, OR STORMWATER6 SERVICES IN THE SPECIFIC AREAS IDENTIFIED IN SUBSECTION (4)(b)(I) OF7 THIS SECTION ON A SPECIFIC TIMELINE; AND8 (III) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION IS UNABLE TO SERVE LESS WATER9 EFFICIENT HOUSING TYPES THAN THOSE REQUIRED BY THIS PART 2.10 (c) T HE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY ADOPT RULES OR11 PROMULGATE GUIDANCE AS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THIS SUBSECTION12 (4).13 (5) (a) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2024, A SUBJECT14 JURISDICTION SHALL SUBMIT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS , IN15 A FORM AND MANNER DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL16 AFFAIRS, A REPORT DEMONSTRATING EVIDENCE OF COMPLIANCE WITH17 EITHER THE MODEL CODE OR MINIMUM STANDARDS .18 (b) W ITHIN NINETY DAYS OF RECEIVING A REPORT DESCRIBED IN19 SUBSECTION (5)(a) OF THIS SECTION , THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS20 SHALL REVIEW AND APPROVE THE SUBMITTED REPORT OR REJECT THE21 REPORT AND PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO A SUBJECT JURISDICTION . THE22 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY GRANT A JURISDICTION AN23 ADDITIONAL ONE HUNDRED TWENTY DAYS TO CORRECT THE RELEVANT24 LOCAL LAWS AND RE-SUBMIT THEIR REPORT.25 (c) I F THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS REJECTS A SUBJECT26 JURISDICTION'S REPORT, THE MODEL CODE GOES INTO EFFECT27 SB23-213 -52- IMMEDIATELY FOR THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION UNTIL THE DEPARTMENT OF1 LOCAL AFFAIRS DETERMINES THAT THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS2 ADOPTED LAWS THAT COMPLY WITH THE MINIMUM STANDARDS OR HAS3 ADOPTED THE MODEL CODE .4 29-33-207. Subject jurisdiction restrictions. (1) N OTHING IN5 THIS PART 2 PREVENTS A LOCAL GOVERNMENT FROM :6 (a) R EQUIRING PARKING SPACES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE7 FEDERAL "AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990", 42 U.S.C. SEC.8 12101 ET SEQ., AS AMENDED;9 (b) I MPOSING REQUIREMENTS ON THE SHORT -TERM RENTAL OF AN10 ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT;11 (c) A LLOWING THE CONSTRUCTION OF , OR ISSUING PERMITS FOR12 THE CONSTRUCTION OF, A SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLING IN AN AREA13 ZONED FOR SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS ; OR14 (d) A PPLYING THE STANDARDS IN A HISTORIC DISTRICT TO15 ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS IN THAT HISTORIC DISTRICT .16 (2) N OTHING IN THIS PART 2 REQUIRES A SUBJECT JURISDICTION TO17 PERMIT AN ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT PROJECT AND A MIDDLE HOUSING18 PROJECT ON THE SAME PARCEL OR LOT .19 PART 320 MIDDLE HOUSING21 29-33-301. Legislative declaration. (1) (a) T HE GENERAL22 ASSEMBLY HEREBY FINDS, DETERMINES, AND DECLARES THAT:23 (I) L OCAL GOVERNMENT LAND USE DECISIONS OFTEN LIMIT MIDDLE24 HOUSING DEVELOPMENT ;25 (II) T HE TEN LARGEST MUNICIPALITIES IN THE DENVER26 METROPOLITAN AREA ALLOW SINGLE -UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS AS A27 SB23-213 -53- USE BY RIGHT ON OVER EIGHTY -FIVE PERCENT OF THEIR RESIDENTIAL1 LAND, COMPARED TO ALLOWING TOWNHOMES , DUPLEXES, TRIPLEXES, AND2 QUADPLEXES AS A USE BY RIGHT ON LESS THAN THIRTY -FIVE PERCENT OF3 THEIR RESIDENTIAL LAND, ACCORDING TO PUBLICLY AVAILABLE ZONING4 DATA;5 (III) L OCAL LAND USE REGULATIONS INFLUENCE WHAT TYPES OF6 HOUSING ARE BUILT;7 (IV) B ETWEEN 2000 AND 2019, OVER SEVENTY PERCENT OF HOMES8 BUILT IN COLORADO WERE SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS , WHILE9 LESS THAN THREE PERCENT OF HOMES BUILT IN COLORADO DURING THAT10 TIME WERE DUPLEXES TO QUADPLEXES , ACCORDING TO THE AMERICAN11 C OMMUNITY SURVEY;12 (V) H OUSING SUPPLY IMPACTS HOUSING AFFORDABILITY ;13 (VI) H OUSING PRICES ARE TYPICALLY HIGHER WHEN HOUSING14 SUPPLY IS RESTRICTED BY LOCAL LAND USE REGULATIONS IN A15 METROPOLITAN REGION, ACCORDING TO STUDIES SUCH AS THE NATIONAL16 B UREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS "REGULATION AND17 H OUSING SUPPLY", "THE IMPACT OF ZONING ON HOUSING18 A FFORDABILITY", AND "THE IMPACT OF LOCAL RESIDENTIAL LAND USE19 R ESTRICTIONS ON LAND VALUES ACROSS AND WITHIN SINGLE FAMILY20 H OUSING MARKETS". INCREASING HOUSING SUPPLY MODERATES PRICE21 INCREASES AND IMPROVES HOUSING AFFORDABILITY ACROSS ALL22 INCOMES, ACCORDING TO STUDIES SUCH AS "THE ECONOMIC23 I MPLICATIONS OF HOUSING SUPPLY", IN THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC24 P ERSPECTIVES, AND "SUPPLY SKEPTICISM: HOUSING SUPPLY AND25 A FFORDABILITY", IN THE JOURNAL HOUSING POLICY DEBATE.26 (VII) M IDDLE HOUSING IS TYPICALLY MORE AFFORDABLE THAN27 SB23-213 -54- SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS , IN PART BECAUSE LAND COSTS ARE1 SHARED BETWEEN MORE HOUSEHOLDS ;2 (VIII) I N 2019, COLORADO DUPLEXES COST ON AVERAGE3 FOURTEEN PERCENT LESS TO OWN AND TWENTY -SIX PERCENT LESS TO4 RENT THAN SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS , AND TRIPLEXES AND5 QUADPLEXES COST THIRTY-ONE PERCENT LESS TO OWN AND TWENTY -NINE6 LESS TO RENT, ACCORDING TO THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY ;7 (IX) M IDDLE HOUSING OFFERS A WAY TO PROVIDE COMPACT8 RELATIVELY AFFORDABLE HOUSING IN ESTABLISHED NEIGHBORHOODS9 WITH MINIMAL INFRASTRUCTURE IMPACT AND SUPPLY NEW HOUSING10 WITHOUT ADDING NEW DISPERSED LOW DENSITY HOUSING ;11 (X) R ELATIVE TO DISPERSED LOW DENSITY DEVELOPMENT ,12 COMPACT INFILL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT , INCLUDING MIDDLE HOUSING13 DEVELOPMENT, REDUCES WATER USE , GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ,14 INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS, AND HOUSEHOLD ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION15 COSTS;16 (XI) M IDDLE HOUSING USES SIGNIFICANTLY LESS ENERGY FOR17 HEATING AND COOLING PER UNIT THAN SINGLE -UNIT DETACHED18 DWELLINGS DUE TO MIDDLE HOUSING HAVING ATTACHED WALLS AND19 SMALLER UNIT SIZES, WHICH REDUCES HOUSEHOLD ENERGY COSTS AND20 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS; AND21 (XII) I N COLORADO, COMPARED TO SINGLE -UNIT DETACHED22 DWELLINGS, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY DEMAND IS ON AVERAGE FORTY23 PERCENT LESS FOR TOWNHOMES , FORTY-FIVE PERCENT LESS FOR24 DUPLEXES, AND FIFTY-THREE PERCENT LESS FOR TRIPLEXES AND25 QUADPLEXES, ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY26 L ABORATORY RESSTOCK ANALYSIS TOOL.27 SB23-213 -55- (b) THEREFORE, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECLARES THAT THE1 INCREASED SUPPLY OF HOUSING THROUGH MIDDLE HOUSING IS A MATTER2 OF MIXED STATE AND LOCAL CONCERN .3 29-33-302. Definitions. A S USED IN THIS PART 3, UNLESS THE4 CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES :5 (1) "M INIMUM STANDARDS " MEANS THE MIDDLE HOUSING6 MINIMUM STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN SECTION 29-33-305.7 (2) "M ODEL CODE" MEANS THE MIDDLE HOUSING MODEL CODE8 PROMULGATED BY THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF9 LOCAL AFFAIRS PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-33-304.10 (3) "S UBJECT JURISDICTION" MEANS A RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER11 MUNICIPALITY OR A TIER ONE URBAN MUNICIPALITY .12 29-33-303. Applicability - exemptions. (1) T HE REQUIREMENTS13 OF THIS PART 3 ONLY APPLY IN A RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER14 MUNICIPALITY OR A TIER ONE URBAN MUNICIPALITY .15 (2) U NLESS A SUBJECT JURISDICTION DECIDES OTHERWISE , LOCAL16 LAWS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS PART 3 ONLY APPLY TO PARCELS THAT17 ARE NOT STANDARD EXEMPT PARCELS .18 29-33-304. Model code. (1) (a) N O LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2024,19 THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL20 PROMULGATE A MIDDLE HOUSING MODEL CODE .21 (b) T HE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL PROVIDE22 RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT23 OF LOCAL AFFAIRS ON THE MIDDLE HOUSING MODEL CODE .24 (2) I N DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROVIDE TO THE25 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS ON THE26 MIDDLE HOUSING MODEL CODE , THE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY27 SB23-213 -56- COMMITTEE SHALL:1 (a) P ROVIDE PUBLIC NOTICE AND HOLD AT LEAST TWO PUBLIC2 MEETINGS AT WHICH MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO3 COMMENT ON THE MODEL CODE ;4 (b) A LLOW THE SUBMISSION OF WRITTEN COMMENTS ON THE5 MODEL CODE;6 (c) C ONDUCT OUTREACH TO AND SOLICIT FEEDBACK FROM LOCAL7 GOVERNMENTS AND REGIONAL PLANNING AGENCIES ; AND8 (d) C ONSULT WITH EXPERTS IN DISABILITY RIGHTS, AFFORDABLE9 HOUSING, FAIR HOUSING, PLANNING, ZONING, AND RELATED FIELDS.10 (3) T HE MODEL CODE MUST, AT A MINIMUM, ESTABLISH OBJECTIVE11 STANDARDS FOR ALL THE ELEMENTS IN THE MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR12 MIDDLE HOUSING TO BE ALLOWED AS A USE BY RIGHT IN ANY PART OF THE13 SUBJECT JURISDICTION WHERE THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION ALLOWS14 SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS AS A USE BY RIGHT AS OF JANUARY15 1, 2023.16 (4) T HE MODEL CODE MUST NOT INCLUDE A REQUIREMENT FOR17 NEW OFF-STREET PARKING IN CONNECTION WITH THE CONSTRUCTION OR18 PERMITTING OF MIDDLE HOUSING.19 29-33-305. Minimum standards. (1) (a) N OTWITHSTANDING20 ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A TIER ONE URBAN MUNICIPALITY21 THAT DOES NOT ADOPT THE MODEL CODE SHALL ALLOW MIDDLE HOUSING22 AS A USE BY RIGHT IN ANY PART OF THE MUNICIPALITY 'S JURISDICTION23 WHERE THE MUNICIPALITY ALLOWS SINGLE -UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS24 AS A USE BY RIGHT AS OF JANUARY 1, 2023.25 (b) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A26 RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER THAT DOES NOT ADOPT THE MODEL CODE27 SB23-213 -57- SHALL ALLOW MIDDLE HOUSING AS A USE BY RIGHT IN ANY PART OF THE1 RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER 'S JURISDICTION THAT THE RURAL RESORT2 REGION'S HOUSING NEEDS PLANNING PROCESS DESIGNATED FOR MIDDLE3 HOUSING.4 (c) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A5 SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT DOES NOT ADOPT THE MODEL CODE SHALL :6 (I) O NLY ADOPT OR ENFORCE LOCAL LAWS CONCERNING MIDDLE7 HOUSING THAT USE OBJECTIVE STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES ;8 (II) A LLOW ADDITIONS TO, OR THE CONVERSION OF, AN EXISTING9 SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLING TO CREATE MIDDLE HOUSING SO LONG10 AS THE ADDITION OR CONVERSION DOES NOT INCREASE NONCONFORMANCE11 WITH APPLICABLE OBJECTIVE STANDARDS , UNLESS LOCAL LAWS ALLOW12 FOR SUCH AN INCREASE IN NONCONFORMANCE ;13 (III) A LLOW PROPERTIES ON WHICH MIDDLE HOUSING IS ALLOWED14 TO BE SUBDIVIDED USING OBJECTIVE STANDARDS AND PROCEDURES ; AND15 (IV) I F THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION APPLIES DESIGN STANDARDS TO16 MIDDLE HOUSING, APPLY THE SAME DESIGN STANDARDS TO MIDDLE17 HOUSING THAT THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION APPLIES TO A SINGLE -UNIT18 DETACHED DWELLING IN THE SAME ZONING DISTRICT .19 (2) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A20 SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT DOES NOT ADOPT THE MODEL CODE SHALL21 NOT:22 (a) A DOPT, ENACT, OR ENFORCE LOCAL LAWS CONCERNING MIDDLE23 HOUSING LAND USE THAT ARE MORE RESTRICTIVE THAN LOCAL LAWS24 CONCERNING SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLING LAND USE IN THE SAME25 ZONING DISTRICT OR ANY OTHER TYPE OF DISTRICT THAT REGULATES LAND26 USE, UNLESS REQUIRED BY THE MINIMUM STANDARDS OR MODEL CODE ;27 SB23-213 -58- (b) ADOPT, ENACT, OR ENFORCE LOCAL LAWS THAT INDIVIDUALLY1 OR CUMULATIVELY CREATE UNREASONABLE COSTS OR DELAYS , OR THAT2 MAKE THE PERMITTING, SITING, OR CONSTRUCTION OF MIDDLE HOUSING ON3 AN ELIGIBLE PROPERTY INFEASIBLE;4 (c) A PPLY MINIMUM SETBACK, LOT WIDTHS, LOT DEPTH, OR LOT5 SIZE STANDARDS TO MIDDLE HOUSING THAT ARE MORE RESTRICTIVE THAN6 THE STANDARDS THAT THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION WOULD APPLY TO7 SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS ON THE SAME PROPERTY ;8 (d) A PPLY LOWER MAXIMUM HEIGHT STANDARDS TO MIDDLE9 HOUSING THAN THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION WOULD APPLY TO SINGLE -UNIT10 DETACHED DWELLINGS ON THE SAME PROPERTY ;11 (e) A PPLY LIMITS ON THE SCALE OF MIDDLE HOUSING BUILDINGS12 THROUGH FLOOR AREA RATIOS , LOT OR BUILDING COVERAGE, OR OTHER13 SIMILAR STANDARDS THAT INDIVIDUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY WOULD14 RESTRICT A MIDDLE HOUSING PROJECT TO LESS THAN ONE HUNDRED15 TWENTY-FIVE PERCENT OF THE BUILDING AREA OF A SINGLE -UNIT16 DETACHED DWELLING ON THE SAME LOT ;17 (f) I MPOSE A RESTRICTION ON THE FOOTPRINT OR SIZE OF A MIDDLE18 HOUSING PROJECT IN A HISTORIC DISTRICT OR ON A HISTORIC PROPERTY19 THAT IS MORE RESTRICTIVE THAN A FOOTPRINT OR SIZE RESTRICTION THAT20 THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION WOULD IMPOSE ON A SINGLE -UNIT DETACHED21 DWELLING IN THE SAME HISTORIC DISTRICT OR ON THE SAME HISTORIC22 PROPERTY;23 (g) A MEND, DEVELOP, OR INTERPRET A LOCAL LAW APPLICABLE TO24 MIDDLE HOUSING IN A MANNER THAT INTERFERES WITH THE INTENT OF25 THIS PART 3; OR26 (h) R EQUIRE NEW OFF-STREET PARKING IN CONNECTION WITH THE27 SB23-213 -59- CONSTRUCTION OR PERMITTING OF MIDDLE HOUSING .1 (3) T HE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY PROMULGATE RULES2 AS IT DEEMS NECESSARY TO UPDATE THE MINIMUM STANDARDS OR MODEL3 CODE, UTILIZING A PUBLIC HEARING AND COMMENT PROCESS .4 29-33-306. Adoption of model codes - satisfaction of minimum5 standards. (1) (a) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2024, A TIER ONE6 URBAN MUNICIPALITY SHALL EITHER :7 (I) A DOPT LOCAL LAWS CONCERNING MIDDLE HOUSING THAT8 SATISFY THE MINIMUM STANDARDS ; OR9 (II) A DOPT THE MODEL CODE.10 (b) I F A TIER ONE URBAN MUNICIPALITY DOES NOT SATISFY THE11 REQUIREMENTS OF SUBSECTION (1)(a) OF THIS SECTION BEFORE JUNE 30,12 2025, THE MODEL CODE GOES INTO EFFECT IMMEDIATELY FOR APPLICABLE13 PARCELS, AS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 29-33-303, IN THE URBAN14 MUNICIPALITY AND REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL15 AFFAIRS DETERMINES THAT THE URBAN MUNICIPALITY HAS ADOPTED LAWS16 THAT COMPLY WITH THE MINIMUM STANDARDS .17 (2) (a) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2026, A RURAL RESORT JOB18 CENTER MUNICIPALITY SHALL EITHER :19 (I) A DOPT LOCAL LAWS CONCERNING MIDDLE HOUSING THAT20 SATISFY THE MINIMUM STANDARDS ; OR21 (II) A DOPT THE MODEL CODE.22 (b) I F A RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY DOES NOT23 SATISFY THE REQUIREMENTS OF SUBSECTION (2)(a) OF THIS SECTION24 BEFORE JUNE 30, 2027, THE MODEL CODE GOES INTO EFFECT IMMEDIATELY25 FOR APPLICABLE PARCELS, AS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 29-33-303, IN THE26 RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY AND REMAINS IN EFFECT UNTIL27 SB23-213 -60- THE RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY JURISDICTION HAS1 ADOPTED LAWS THAT COMPLY WITH THE MINIMUM STANDARDS .2 (3) I F A SUBJECT JURISDICTION ADOPTS THE MODEL CODE , OR THE3 MODEL CODE IS OTHERWISE IN EFFECT , FOR A SUBJECT JURISDICTION4 PURSUANT TO EITHER SUBSECTION (1)(b) OR (2)(b) OF THIS SECTION, THE5 SUBJECT JURISDICTION SHALL:6 (a) U SE OBJECTIVE PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE WHETHER A7 PROJECT SATISFIES THE MODEL CODE AND , IF THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION8 DETERMINES THAT THE PROJECT SATISFIES THE MODEL CODE , THE SUBJECT9 JURISDICTION SHALL APPROVE THE MIDDLE HOUSING PROJECT ; AND10 (b) N OT ADOPT, ENACT, OR ENFORCE ANY LOCAL LAWS THAT11 CONTRAVENE THE MODEL CODE .12 (4) (a) N O LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2024, A SUBJECT JURISDICTION13 MAY SUBMIT AN APPLICATION TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS , IN14 A FORM AND MANNER DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL15 AFFAIRS, FOR AN EXTENSION OF THE RELEVANT REQUIREMENTS IN16 SUBSECTION (1) OR (2) OF THIS SECTION.17 (b) T HE APPLICATION MUST INCLUDE A DEMONSTRATION BY THE18 SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT:19 (I) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION'S WATER, SEWER, OR STORMWATER20 SERVICES ARE CURRENTLY DEFICIENT IN SPECIFIC AREAS , OR ARE21 EXPECTED TO BECOME DEFICIENT IN THE NEXT FIVE YEARS ;22 (II) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS ESTABLISHED A PLAN OF23 ACTION TO REMEDY THE DEFICIENT WATER , SEWER, OR STORMWATER24 SERVICES IN THE SPECIFIC AREAS IDENTIFIED IN SUBSECTION (4)(b)(I) OF25 THIS SECTION ON A SPECIFIC TIMELINE; AND26 (III) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION IS UNABLE TO SERVE LESS WATER27 SB23-213 -61- EFFICIENT HOUSING TYPES THAN THOSE REQUIRED BY THIS PART 3.1 (c) T HE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY ADOPT RULES OR2 PROMULGATE GUIDANCE AS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THIS SUBSECTION3 (4).4 (5) (a) (I) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2024, A TIER ONE URBAN5 MUNICIPALITY SHALL SUBMIT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS , IN6 A FORM AND M ANNER DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL7 AFFAIRS, A REPORT DEMONSTRATING EVIDENCE OF COMPLIANCE WITH8 EITHER THE MODEL CODE OR MINIMUM STANDARDS .9 (II) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2026, A RURAL RESORT JOB10 CENTER MUNICIPALITY SHALL SUBMIT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL11 AFFAIRS, IN A FORM AND MANNER DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF12 LOCAL AFFAIRS, A REPORT DEMONSTRATING EVIDENCE OF COMPLIANCE13 WITH EITHER THE MODEL CODE OR MINIMUM STANDARDS .14 (b) W ITHIN NINETY DAYS OF RECEIVING A REPORT DESCRIBED IN15 SUBSECTION (5)(a) OF THIS SECTION , THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS16 SHALL REVIEW AND APPROVE THE SUBMITTED REPORT OR REJECT THE17 REPORT AND PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION . THE18 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY GRANT A JURISDICTION AN19 ADDITIONAL ONE HUNDRED TWENTY DAYS TO CORRECT THE RELEVANT20 LOCAL LAWS AND RESUBMIT THEIR REPORT .21 (c) I F THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS REJECTS A SUBJECT22 JURISDICTION'S REPORT, THE MODEL CODE GOES INTO EFFECT23 IMMEDIATELY FOR THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION UNTIL THE DEPARTMENT OF24 LOCAL AFFAIRS DETERMINES THAT THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS25 ADOPTED LAWS THAT COMPLY WITH THE MINIMUM STANDARDS OR HAS26 ADOPTED THE MODEL CODE .27 SB23-213 -62- 29-33-307. Subject jurisdiction restrictions. (1) N OTHING IN1 THIS PART 3 PREVENTS A SUBJECT JURISDICTION FROM:2 (a) R EQUIRING PARKING SPACES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE3 FEDERAL "AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990", 42 U.S.C. SEC.4 12101 ET SEQ., AS AMENDED;5 (b) A PPLYING A LOCAL INCLUSIONARY ZONING ORDINANCE TO6 MIDDLE HOUSING SO LONG AS THE STANDARDS OF THE ORDINANCE DO NOT7 RENDER THE DEVELOPMENT OF MIDDLE HOUSING FINANCIALLY8 INFEASIBLE;9 (c) I MPOSING REQUIREMENTS ON THE SHORT -TERM RENTAL OF10 MIDDLE HOUSING;11 (d) A LLOWING SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS IN AN AREA12 ZONED FOR SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS ; OR13 (e) A PPLYING THE STANDARDS IN A HISTORIC DISTRICT TO MIDDLE14 HOUSING IN THAT HISTORIC DISTRICT.15 (2) N OTHING IN THIS PART 3 REQUIRES A SUBJECT JURISDICTION TO16 PERMIT AN ACCESSORY DWELLING UNIT PROJECT AND A MIDDLE HOUSING17 PROJECT ON THE SAME PARCEL OR LOT .18 PART 419 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS20 29-33-401. Legislative declaration. (1) (a) T HE GENERAL21 ASSEMBLY HEREBY FINDS, DETERMINES, AND DECLARES THAT:22 (I) L OCAL GOVERNMENT LAND USE DECISIONS CAN LIMIT DENSER23 MULTIFAMILY HOUSING DEVELOPMENT NEAR HIGH CAPACITY TRANSIT ;24 (II) H OUSING SUPPLY IMPACTS HOUSING AFFORDABILITY ;25 (III) H OUSING PRICES ARE TYPICALLY HIGHER WHEN HOUSING26 SUPPLY IS RESTRICTED BY LOCAL LAND USE REGULATIONS IN A27 SB23-213 -63- METROPOLITAN REGION, ACCORDING TO STUDIES SUCH AS THE NATIONAL1 B UREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS "REGULATION AND2 H OUSING SUPPLY", "THE IMPACT OF ZONING ON HOUSING3 A FFORDABILITY", AND "THE IMPACT OF LOCAL RESIDENTIAL LAND USE4 R ESTRICTIONS ON LAND VALUES ACROSS AND WITHIN SINGLE FAMILY5 H OUSING MARKETS". INCREASING HOUSING SUPPLY MODERATES PRICE6 INCREASES AND IMPROVES HOUSING AFFORDABILITY ACROSS ALL7 INCOMES, ACCORDING TO STUDIES SUCH AS "THE ECONOMIC8 I MPLICATIONS OF HOUSING SUPPLY", IN THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC9 P ERSPECTIVES, AND "SUPPLY SKEPTICISM: HOUSING SUPPLY AND10 A FFORDABILITY", IN THE JOURNAL HOUSING POLICY DEBATE.11 (IV) M ULTIFAMILY HOUSING IS TYPICALLY MORE AFFORDABLE12 THAN SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS , AND LIVING NEAR HIGH13 CAPACITY TRANSIT ENABLES HOUSEHOLDS TO SAVE ON TRANSPORTATION14 COSTS BY OWNING FEWER VEHICLES ;15 (V) I N 2019, COLORADO MULTIFAMILY UNITS COST BETWEEN16 FOURTEEN AND FORTY-THREE PERCENT LESS TO OWN, AND BETWEEN NINE17 PERCENT AND EIGHTEEN PERCENT LESS TO RENT DEPENDING ON THE SIZE18 OF THE BUILDING COMPARED TO SINGLE -UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS ,19 ACCORDING TO THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY SURVEY ;20 (VI) M EETING HOUSING DEMAND THROUGH COMPACT INFILL21 DEVELOPMENT DECREASES THE NEED FOR NEW DISPERSED LOW -DENSITY22 HOUSING;23 (VII) R ELATIVE TO DISPERSED LOW -DENSITY DEVELOPMENT ,24 COMPACT INFILL HOUSING DEVELOPMENT , INCLUDING MULTIFAMILY25 HOUSING IN TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS DEVELOPMENT , REDUCES WATER26 USE, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS , AND HOUSEHOLD ENERGY AND27 SB23-213 -64- TRANSPORTATION COSTS;1 (VIII) H OUSING WITH ACCESS TO HIGH CAPACITY TRANSIT ALLOWS2 RESIDENTS TO TRAVEL TO WORK AND SERVICES WITHOUT DRIVING OR3 WHILE DRIVING LESS, WHICH REDUCES HOUSEHOLD TRANSPORTATION4 COSTS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, AND AIR POLLUTION;5 (IX) A NALYSES OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENTS HAVE6 FOUND THAT RESIDENTS TAKE AN AVERAGE OF FORTY -FOUR PERCENT7 FEWER VEHICLE TRIPS, ACCORDING TO THE ARTICLE "VEHICLE TRIP8 R EDUCTION IMPACTS OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED HOUSING", IN THE JOURNAL9 OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION;10 (X) M ULTIFAMILY HOUSING USES SIGNIFICANTLY LESS ENERGY11 FOR HEATING AND COOLING PER UNIT THAN SINGLE -UNIT DETACHED12 DWELLINGS DUE TO THE ATTACHED WALLS AND SMALLER SIZE OF13 MULTIFAMILY HOUSING, WHICH REDUCES HOUSEHOLD ENERGY COSTS AND14 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS; AND15 (XI) I N COLORADO, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY DEMAND ON AVERAGE16 IS SEVENTY PERCENT LESS FOR MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COMPARED TO17 SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS , ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL18 RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY .19 (b) T HEREFORE, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECLARES THAT THE20 INCREASED SUPPLY OF HOUSING IN TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS IS A MATTER21 OF MIXED STATEWIDE AND LOCAL CONCERN .22 29-33-402. Definitions. A S USED IN THIS PART 4, UNLESS THE23 CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES :24 (1) "M INIMUM STANDARDS" MEANS THE MINIMUM STANDARDS FOR25 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS ESTABLISHED IN SECTION 29-33-405.26 (2) "M IXED-INCOME MULTIFAMILY HOUSING" MEANS MULTIFAMILY27 SB23-213 -65- HOUSING IN WHICH AT LEAST TEN PERCENT OF THE HOUSING UNITS ARE SET1 ASIDE FOR HOUSEHOLDS THAT EARN NO MORE THAN EIGHTY PERCENT OF2 THE AREA MEDIAN INCOME. FOR PURPOSES OF DEFINING "MIXED-INCOME3 MULTIFAMILY HOUSING ", A SUBJECT JURISDICTION WITH A LOCAL4 INCLUSIONARY ZONING ORDINANCE THAT APPLIES IN A TRANSIT -ORIENTED5 AREA MAY APPLY A DIFFERENT AREA MEDIAN INCOME THRESHOLD AND A6 DIFFERENT REQUIREMENT FOR THE PERCENTAGE OF UNITS THAT MUST BE7 SET ASIDE FOR HOUSEHOLDS BELOW THAT AREA MEDIAN INCOME .8 (3) "M ODEL CODE" MEANS THE MODEL CODE FOR9 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS PROMULGATED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL10 AFFAIRS PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-33-404.11 (4) "S UBJECT JURISDICTION" MEANS A TIER ONE URBAN12 MUNICIPALITY THAT CONTAINS A TRANSIT -ORIENTED AREA.13 29-33-403. Applicability in transit-oriented areas -14 exemptions. (1) T HE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS PART 4 ONLY APPLY IN A15 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREA WITHIN A TIER ONE URBAN MUNICIPALITY .16 (2) U NLESS A SUBJECT JURISDICTION DECIDES OTHERWISE , LOCAL17 LAWS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS PART 4 ONLY APPLY TO PARCELS THAT18 ARE NOT:19 (a) A STANDARD EXEMPT PARCEL ;20 (b) P ART OF A PARCEL THAT INCLUDES LAND THAT IS A PARK AND21 OPEN SPACE, AS DEFINED IN SECTION 29-7.5-103 (2); OR22 (c) A PARCEL THAT IS SUBJECT TO A CONSERVATION EASEMENT .23 29-33-404. Model code. (1) (a) N O LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2024,24 THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL25 PROMULGATE A TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREA MODEL CODE .26 (b) T HE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY CO MMITTEE SHALL PROVIDE27 SB23-213 -66- RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT1 OF LOCAL AFFAIRS ON THE TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREA MODEL CODE .2 (2) I N DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROVIDE TO THE3 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS ON THE4 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREA MODEL CODE , THE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY5 COMMITTEE SHALL:6 (a) P ROVIDE PUBLIC NOTICE AND HOLD AT LEAST TWO PUBLIC7 MEETINGS AT WHICH MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO8 COMMENT ON THE MODEL CODE ;9 (b) A LLOW THE SUBMISSION OF WRITTEN COMMENTS ON THE10 MODEL CODE;11 (c) C ONDUCT OUTREACH TO AND SOLICIT FEEDBACK FROM LOCAL12 GOVERNMENTS AND REGIONAL PLANNING AGENCIES ; AND13 (d) C ONSULT WITH EXPERTS IN DISABILITY RIGHTS, AFFORDABLE14 HOUSING, FAIR HOUSING, PLANNING, ZONING, AND RELATED FIELDS.15 (3) A T A MINIMUM, THE MODEL CODE MUST INCLUDE :16 (a) A REQUIREMENT THAT SUBJECT JURISDICTIONS MAY NOT17 REQUIRE NEW OFF-STREET PARKING WITHIN TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS FOR18 ANY USES IN CONJUNCTION WITH EITHER A MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL19 DEVELOPMENT OR MIXED-INCOME MULTIFAMILY HOUSING DEVELOPMENT20 PERMIT;21 (b) A MINIMUM RESIDENTIAL DENSITY LIMIT FOR MULTIFAMILY22 RESIDENTIAL HOUSING OF AT LEAST FORTY UNITS PER ACRE NET DENSITY23 THAT A SUBJECT JURISDICTION SHALL ALLOW AS A USE BY RIGHT IN24 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS; AND25 (c) A MINIMUM RESIDENTIAL DENSITY LIMIT FOR MIXED -INCOME26 MULTIFAMILY HOUSING OF AT LEAST SIXTY UNITS PER ACRE NET DENSITY27 SB23-213 -67- THAT A SUBJECT JURISDICTION SHALL ALLOW AS A USE BY RIGHT IN1 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS. AFFORDABLE UNITS WITHIN MIXED -INCOME2 MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL HOUSING MUST BE OF A SIMILAR SIZE AS THE3 OTHER UNITS IN THE DEVELOPMENT .4 (4) N OTHING IN THE MODEL CODE SHALL PREVENT A SUBJECT5 JURISDICTION FROM UTILIZING SET ASIDE PERCENTAGE AND AREA MEDIAN6 INCOME LEVEL REQUIREMENTS AS SPECIFIED IN THEIR LOCAL LAWS ,7 RATHER THAN AS SPECIFIED IN THE MODEL CODE , SO LONG AS:8 (a) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS ADOPTED AN INCLUSIONARY9 ZONING ORDINANCE THAT APPLIES WITHIN TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS; AND10 (b) T HE INCLUSIONARY ZONING ORDINANCE DOES NOT RENDER THE11 DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL HOUSING IN12 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS FINANCIALLY INFEASIBLE .13 29-33-405. Minimum standards. (1) (a) N OTWITHSTANDING14 ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT DOES15 NOT ADOPT THE MODEL CODE SHALL CREATE A ZONING DISTRICT WITHIN16 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS IN WHICH MULTIFAMILY HOUSING IS ALLOWED17 AS A USE BY RIGHT AND A MINIMUM GROSS DENSITY OF FORTY UNITS OF18 MULTIFAMILY HOUSING PER ACRE IS ALLOWED . SUBJECT JURISDICTIONS19 MAY ESTABLISH DISTRICTS WITHIN THESE ZONING DISTRICTS THAT ALLOW20 A DIFFERENT DENSITY OF MULTIFAMILY HOUSING DEVELOPMENT SO LONG21 AS EACH DISTRICT ALLOWS A GROSS DENSITY OF MULTIFAMILY HOUSING22 OF AT LEAST FORTY UNITS PER ACRE . THE ZONING DISTRICTS MUST23 INCLUDE ALL ELIGIBLE PARCELS IN THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION .24 (b) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A25 SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT DOES NOT ADOPT THE MODEL CODE MAY26 MEET THE GROSS DENSITY ESTABLISHED IN THE MINIMUM STANDARDS BY27 SB23-213 -68- ADOPTING LOCAL LAWS APPLICABLE TO A DISTRICT COVERING AREAS1 OUTSIDE OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS SO LONG AS THE DISTRICT IS AT2 LEAST THE SAME SIZE AS THE ELIGIBLE PARCELS IN THE TRANSIT-ORIENTED3 AREAS, IF EITHER:4 (I) S IGNIFICANT DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS EXIST ; OR5 (II) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS ESTABLISHED PLANNING6 AREAS FOR TRANSIT-COMPATIBLE USE IN ADJACENT AREAS .7 (2) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A8 SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT DOES NOT ADOPT THE MODEL CODE SHALL9 NOT:10 (a) A PPLY LOCAL LAWS THAT INDIVIDUALLY OR CUMULATIVELY11 CREATE UNREASONABLE COSTS OR DELAYS , OR THAT MAKE THE12 PERMITTING, SITING, OR CONSTRUCTION OF MULTIFAMILY HOUSING IN A13 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREA INFEASIBLE;14 (b) A DOPT LOCAL LAWS THAT INDIVIDUALLY OR CUMULATIVELY15 MAKE SATISFYING THE MINIMUM RESIDENTIAL DENSITY LIMITS16 INFEASIBLE; OR17 (c) R EQUIRE NEW OFF-STREET PARKING WITHIN TRANSIT-ORIENTED18 AREAS FOR ANY USES IN CONJUNCTION WITH A MULTIFAMILY HOUSING19 DEVELOPMENT PERMIT.20 (3) T HE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY PROMULGATE RULES21 AS IT DEEMS NECESSARY TO UPDATE THE MINIMUM STANDARDS OR MODEL22 CODE, UTILIZING A PUBLIC HEARING AND COMMENT PROCESS .23 29-33-406. Adoption of model code - satisfaction of minimum24 standards. (1) (a) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2024, A SUBJECT25 JURISDICTION SHALL EITHER:26 (I) A DOPT LOCAL LAWS CONCERNING TRANSIT -ORIENTED AREAS27 SB23-213 -69- THAT SATISFY THE MINIMUM STANDARDS ; OR1 (II) A DOPT THE MODEL CODE.2 (2) I F A SUBJECT JURISDICTION DOES NOT SATISFY THE3 REQUIREMENTS OF SUBSECTION (1)(a) OF THIS SECTION BEFORE JUNE 30,4 2025, THE MODEL CODE GOES INTO EFFECT IMMEDIATELY FOR THE5 APPLICABLE PARCELS, AS SPECIFIED IN SECTION 29-33-403, IN THE SUBJECT6 JURISDICTION, UNTIL THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION SUBMITS LOCAL LAWS7 THAT COMPLY WITH THE MINIMUM STANDARDS TO THE DEPARTMENT OF8 LOCAL AFFAIRS.9 (3) I F A SUBJECT JURISDICTION ADOPTS THE MODEL CODE , OR THE10 MODEL CODE IS OTHERWISE IN EFFECT , FOR A SUBJECT JURISDICTION11 PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (2) OF THIS SECTION, THE SUBJECT12 JURISDICTION SHALL:13 (a) U SE OBJECTIVE PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE WHETHER A14 PROJECT SATISFIES THE MODEL CODE AND , IF THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION15 DETERMINES THAT THE PROJECT SATISFIES THE MODEL CODE , THE SUBJECT16 JURISDICTION SHALL APPROVE THE PROJECT ; AND17 (b) N OT ADOPT, ENACT, OR ENFORCE ANY LOCAL LAWS THAT18 CONTRAVENE THE MODEL CODE .19 (4) (a) N O LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2024, A SUBJECT JURISDICTION20 MAY SUBMIT AN APPLICATION TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS , IN21 A FORM AND MANNER DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL22 AFFAIRS, FOR AN EXTENSION OF THE RELEVANT REQUIREMENTS IN23 SUBSECTION (1) OR (2) OF THIS SECTION.24 (b) T HE APPLICATION MUST INCLUDE A DEMONSTRATION BY THE25 SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT:26 (I) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION'S WATER, SEWER, OR STORMWATER27 SB23-213 -70- SERVICES ARE CURRENTLY DEFICIENT IN SPECIFIC AREAS OR ARE EXPECTED1 TO BECOME DEFICIENT IN THE NEXT FIVE YEARS ;2 (II) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS ESTABLISHED A PLAN OF3 ACTION TO REMEDY THE DEFICIENT WATER , SEWER, OR STORMWATER4 SERVICES IN THE SPECIFIC AREAS IDENTIFIED IN SUBSECTION (4)(b)(I) OF5 THIS SECTION ON A SPECIFIC TIMELINE; AND6 (III) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION IS UNABLE TO SERVE LESS WATER7 EFFICIENT HOUSING TYPES THAN THOSE REQUIRED BY THIS PART 4.8 (c) T HE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY ADOPT RULES OR9 PROMULGATE GUIDANCE AS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THIS SUBSECTION10 (4).11 (5) (a) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2024, A SUBJECT12 JURISDICTION SHALL SUBMIT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS , IN13 A FORM AND MANNER DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL14 AFFAIRS, A REPORT CONCERNING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODEL15 CODE OR LOCAL LAWS THAT COMPLY WITH THE MINIMUM STANDARDS .16 (b) W ITHIN NINETY DAYS OF RECEIVING A REPORT DESCRIBED IN17 SUBSECTION (5)(a) OF THIS SECTION, THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS18 SHALL REVIEW AND APPROVE THE SUBMITTED REPORT OR REJECT THE19 REPORT AND PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION . THE20 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY GRANT A JURISDICTION AN21 ADDITIONAL ONE HUNDRED TWENTY DAYS TO CORRECT THE RELEVANT22 LOCAL LAWS AND RESUBMIT ITS REPORT .23 (c) I F THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS REJECTS A SUBJECT24 JURISDICTION'S REPORT, THE MODEL CODE GOES INTO EFFECT25 IMMEDIATELY FOR THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION UNTIL THE DEPARTMENT OF26 LOCAL AFFAIRS DETERMINES THAT THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS27 SB23-213 -71- ADOPTED LAWS THAT COMPLY WITH THE MINIMUM STANDARDS OR HAS1 ADOPTED THE MODEL CODE .2 29-33-407. Subject jurisdiction restrictions. (1) N OTHING IN3 THIS PART 4, IN THE MODEL CODE, OR IN THE MINIMUM STANDARDS4 PREVENTS A LOCAL GOVERNMENT FROM :5 (a) R EQUIRING PARKING SPACES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE6 FEDERAL "AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990", 42 U.S.C. SEC.7 12101 ET SEQ., AS AMENDED;8 (b) A PPLYING A LOCAL INCLUSIONARY ZONING ORDINANCE TO9 MULTIFAMILY HOUSING IN TRANSIT -ORIENTED AREAS SO LONG AS THE10 STANDARDS OF THE ORDINANCE DO NOT RENDER THE DEVELOPMENT OF11 MULTIFAMILY HOUSING FINANCIALLY INFEASIBLE ;12 (c) I MPOSING REQUIREMENTS ON THE SHORT -TERM RENTAL OF13 HOUSING IN TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS;14 (d) P ERMITTING MIXED -USE DEVELOPMENT IN A15 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREA;16 (e) A LLOWING COMMERCIAL ONLY DEVELOPMENTS IN A17 TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREA; OR18 (f) A PPLYING THE STANDARDS IN A HISTORIC DISTRICT TO HOUSING19 IN A TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREA IN THAT HISTORIC DISTRICT.20 PART 521 KEY CORRIDORS22 29-33-501. Legislative declaration. (1) (a) T HE GENERAL23 ASSEMBLY HEREBY FINDS, DETERMINES, AND DECLARES THAT:24 (I) L OCAL GOVERNMENT LAND USE DECISIONS CAN LIMIT DENSER25 MULTIFAMILY HOUSING DEVELOPMENT NEAR FREQUENT TRANSIT AND IN26 COMMERCIAL AND INSTITUTIONAL AREAS ;27 SB23-213 -72- (II) HOUSING SUPPLY IMPACTS HOUSING AFFORDABILITY ;1 (III) H OUSING PRICES ARE TYPICALLY HIGHER WHEN HOUSING2 SUPPLY IS RESTRICTED BY LOCAL LAND USE REGULATIONS IN A3 METROPOLITAN REGION, ACCORDING TO STUDIES SUCH AS THE NATIONAL4 B UREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH WORKING PAPERS "REGULATION AND5 H OUSING SUPPLY", "THE IMPACT OF ZONING ON HOUSING6 A FFORDABILITY", AND "THE IMPACT OF LOCAL RESIDENTIAL LAND USE7 R ESTRICTIONS ON LAND VALUES ACROSS AND WITHIN SINGLE FAMILY8 H OUSING MARKETS". INCREASING HOUSING SUPPLY MODERATES PRICE9 INCREASES AND IMPROVES HOUSING AFFORDABILITY ACROSS ALL10 INCOMES, ACCORDING TO STUDIES SUCH AS "THE ECONOMIC11 I MPLICATIONS OF HOUSING SUPPLY", IN THE JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC12 P ERSPECTIVES, AND "SUPPLY SKEPTICISM: HOUSING SUPPLY AND13 A FFORDABILITY", IN THE JOURNAL HOUSING POLICY DEBATE.14 (IV) M ULTIFAMILY HOUSING IS TYPICALLY MORE AFFORDABLE15 THAN DETACHED SINGLE-UNIT DWELLINGS, AND LIVING NEAR TRANSIT,16 JOBS, AND SERVICES ENABLES HOUSEHOLDS TO SAVE ON TRANSPORTATION17 COSTS BY OWNING FEWER VEHICLES . IN 2019, COLORADO MULTIFAMILY18 UNITS COST BETWEEN FOURTEEN AND FORTY -THREE PERCENT LESS TO19 OWN, AND BETWEEN NINE AND EIGHTEEN PERCENT LESS TO RENT ,20 DEPENDING ON THE SIZE OF THE BUILDING, COMPARED TO A SINGLE-UNIT21 DETACHED DWELLING , ACCORDING TO THE AMERICAN COMMUNITY22 S URVEY.23 (V) T HE TERNER CENTER FOR HOUSING INNOVATION AT THE24 U NIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY FOUND IN ITS REPORT25 "R ESIDENTIAL REDEVELOPMENT OF COMMERCIALLY ZONED LAND IN26 C ALIFORNIA" THAT THERE IS SIGNIFICANT POTENTIAL FOR RESIDENTIAL27 SB23-213 -73- DEVELOPMENT IN COMMERCIALLY ZONED AREAS , THAT MANY1 COMMERCIAL ZONE DISTRICTS DO NOT ALLOW RESIDENTIAL2 DEVELOPMENT, AND THAT ALLOWING USE BY RIGHT RESIDENTIAL3 DEVELOPMENT IN COMMERCIAL ZONE DISTRICTS CAN ENCOURAGE4 ADDITIONAL HOUSING SUPPLY;5 (VI) A CCORDING TO THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS6 IN THEIR REPORT "ANALYSIS AND CASE STUDIES ON OFFICE-TO-HOUSING7 C ONVERSIONS", OVER FIVE MILLION SEVEN HUNDRED THOUSAND SQUARE8 FEET OF OFFICE SPACE BECAME UNOCCUPIED IN THE DENVER9 METROPOLITAN REAL ESTATE MARKET BETWEEN 2020 AND 2021, THE10 D ENVER MARKET COULD POTENTIALLY ADD OVER TWO THOUSAND NEW11 RESIDENTIAL UNITS FROM OFFICE TO RESIDENTIAL CONVERSIONS IF IT12 CONVERTED TWENTY PERCENT OF CURRENTLY VACANT OFFICE SPACE , AND13 ONE OF THE MAJOR BARRIERS TO CONVERSIONS IS RESTRICTIVE LOCAL14 LAND USE REGULATIONS THAT REQUIRE DISCRETIONARY APPROVALS ;15 (VII) A CCORDING TO THE NOTRE DAME LAW SCHOOL IN THEIR16 ARTICLE "SHELLS OF THE STORES THEY ONCE WERE: RETURNING VACANT17 R ETAIL PROPERTY TO PRODUCTIVE USE IN THE MIDST OF THE RETAIL18 A POCALYPSE", UNITED STATES RETAILERS HAVE BEEN CLOSING BRICK19 AND MORTAR LOCATIONS IN LARGE NUMBERS SINCE AT LEAST 2017,20 LEAVING BEHIND VACANT COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND PROPERTIES THAT21 POSE PROBLEMS FOR PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY , REDUCE LOCAL TAX22 REVENUE, AND LEAD TO THE FLIGHT OF OTHER RETAIL BUSINESSES .23 V ACANT COMMERCIAL PROPERTIES PROVIDE OPPORTUNITIES FOR24 RESIDENTIAL AND MIXED USE REDEVELOPMENT , BOTH THROUGH ADAPTIVE25 REUSE OF EXISTING BUILDINGS, AND THROUGH NEW DEVELOPMENT ; AND,26 ACCORDING TO THE LOCAL GOVERNMENT COMMISSION IN COOPERATION27 SB23-213 -74- WITH THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY IN THE1 JOINT REPORT "CREATING GREAT NEIGHBORHOODS: DENSITY IN YOUR2 C OMMUNITY", INCREASED RESIDENTIAL DENSITY IS ASSOCIATED WITH THE3 ECONOMIC SUCCESS OF NEARBY BUSINESSES , AND CONTRIBUTES TO THE4 REVITALIZATION OF NEIGHBORHOODS .5 (VIII) M EETING HOUSING DEMAND THROUGH COMPACT INFILL6 DEVELOPMENT CLOSE TO JOBS , SERVICES, AND TRANSIT DECREASES THE7 NEED FOR NEW DISPERSED , LOW-DENSITY HOUSING. RELATIVE TO8 DISPERSED LOW-DENSITY DEVELOPMENT , COMPACT INFILL HOUSING9 DEVELOPMENT, INCLUDING MULTIFAMILY HOUSING DEVELOPMENT ,10 REDUCES WATER USE, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS , INFRASTRUCTURE11 COSTS, AND HOUSEHOLD ENERGY AND TRANSPORTATION COSTS .12 (IX) H OUSING WITH ACCESS TO FREQUENT TRANSIT ALLOWS13 RESIDENTS TO TRAVEL TO WORK AND SERVICES WITHOUT DRIVING OR14 WHILE DRIVING LESS, WHICH REDUCES HOUSEHOLD TRANSPORTATION15 COSTS, GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS, AND AIR POLLUTION. ANALYSES OF16 TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENTS HAVE FOUND RESIDENTS TAKE AN17 AVERAGE OF FORTY-FOUR PERCENT FEWER VEHICLE TRIPS, ACCORDING TO18 THE ARTICLE "VEHICLE TRIP REDUCTION IMPACTS OF TRANSIT-ORIENTED19 H OUSING" IN THE JOURNAL OF PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION. AND,20 ACCORDING TO THE CALIFORNIA AIR RESOURCES BOARD REPORTS21 "I MPACT OF JOBS-HOUSING BALANCE ON PASSENGER VEHICLE USE AND22 G REENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS" AND "IMPACTS OF LAND-USE MIX ON23 P ASSENGER VEHICLE USE AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS",24 CO-LOCATING RESIDENCES , JOBS, AND SERVICES ALSO REDUCES25 HOUSEHOLD VEHICLE MILES TRAVELED .26 (X) M ULTIFAMILY HOUSING ALSO USES SIGNIFICANTLY LESS27 SB23-213 -75- ENERGY FOR HEATING AND COOLING PER UNIT THAN SINGLE -UNIT1 DETACHED DEALINGS DUE TO MULTIFAMILY HOUSING HAVING ATTACHED2 WALLS AND SMALLER SIZE, WHICH REDUCES HOUSEHOLD ENERGY COSTS3 AND GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS . IN COLORADO, HOUSEHOLD ENERGY4 DEMAND ON AVERAGE IS SEVENTY PERCENT LESS FOR MULTIFAMILY5 HOUSING COMPARED TO SINGLE-UNIT DETACHED DWELLINGS, ACCORDING6 TO THE NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY RESSTOCK7 A NALYSIS TOOL.8 (b) T HEREFORE, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY DECLARES THAT9 INCREASED HOUSING SUPPLY IN KEY CORRIDORS IS A MATTER OF MIXED10 STATEWIDE AND LOCAL CONCERN .11 29-33-502. Definitions. A S USED IN THIS PART 5, UNLESS THE12 CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES :13 (1) "F REQUENT TRANSIT SERVICE AREA " MEANS AN AREA14 DESIGNATED AS A "FREQUENT TRANSIT SERVICE AREA " IN THE FREQUENT15 TRANSIT SERVICE AREAS MAP PUBLISHED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL16 AFFAIRS PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-33-503.17 (2) "I NDUSTRIAL USE" MEANS A BUSINESS USE OR ACTIVITY AT A18 SCALE GREATER THAN HOME I NDUSTRY INVOLVING MANUFACTURING ,19 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, WAREHOUSING, OR STORAGE.20 (3) "K EY CORRIDORS" MEANS PARCELS THAT ARE WITHIN THE21 AREAS DESCRIBED IN SECTION 29-33-504 (1)(a).22 (4) "M INIMUM STANDARDS" MEANS THE KEY CORRIDORS MINIMUM23 STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN SECTION 29-33-506.24 (5) "M ODEL CODE" MEANS THE KEY CORRIDORS MODEL CODE25 PROMULGATED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS PURSUANT TO26 SECTION 29-33-505.27 SB23-213 -76- (6) "NET RESIDENTIAL ZONING CAPACITY " MEANS THE TOTAL1 HOUSING UNIT CAPACITY ESTIMATED TO BE ALLOWED AS A USE BY RIGHT2 IN A GIVEN AREA, MINUS EXISTING HOUSING UNITS.3 (7) "S UBJECT JURISDICTION" MEANS A RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER4 MUNICIPALITY OR A TIER ONE URBAN MUNICIPALITY .5 29-33-503. Frequent transit service areas. (1) (a) N O LATER6 THAN JUNE 30, 2025, THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF7 LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL CREATE A FREQUENT TRANSIT SERVICE AREAS MAP8 THAT DESIGNATES FREQUENT TRANSIT SERVICE AREAS .9 (b) T HE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL , AS PART OF10 THE PROCESS USED BY THE MULTI -AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE TO11 DEVELOP RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE KEY CORRIDOR MODEL CODE12 PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-33-506 (2), PROVIDE RECOMMENDATIONS TO13 THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS14 CONCERNING THE CREATION OF A FREQUENT TRANSIT SERVICE AREAS MAP .15 (2) T HE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL16 AFFAIRS SHALL INCLUDE IN THE FREQUENT TRANSIT SERVICE AREAS MAP ,17 AREAS THAT ARE WITHIN ONE QUARTER -MILE OF:18 (a) A ROADWAY WITHIN A CENSUS URBANIZED AREA SERVED BY A19 BUS ROUTE THAT IS BOTH SCHEDULED TO RUN EVERY FIFTEEN MINUTES OR20 LESS AND AT LEAST ONE MILE LONG;21 (b) A BUS STOP ALONG A BUS ROUTE THAT IS SCHEDULED TO RUN22 EVERY FIFTEEN MINUTES OR LESS AND RUNS , AT LEAST IN PART, ON A23 LIMITED ACCESS HIGHWAY OR OUTSIDE OF AN AREA THAT IS DESIGNATED24 AS AN URBANIZED AREA BY THE MOST RECENT FEDERAL DECENNIAL25 CENSUS; AND26 (c) A N EXISTING OR PLANNED URBAN BUS OR COMMUTER BUS27 SB23-213 -77- RAPID TRANSIT SERVICE.1 (3) T HE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL2 AFFAIRS SHALL DESIGNATE AN AREA AS A FREQUENT TRANSIT SERVICE3 AREA BASED ON:4 (a) T RANSIT SERVICE LEVELS AS OF JANUARY 1, 2023;5 (b) T RANSIT SERVICE LEVELS PLANNED AND APPROVED BY A6 TRANSIT AGENCY'S BOARD AS OF JANUARY 1, 2023, FOR IMPLEMENTATION7 BEFORE JANUARY 1, 2028; OR8 (c) F UTURE TRANSIT SERVICE LEVELS, PLANNED AS OF JANUARY9 1, 2023, AS DESCRIBED IN FEDERALLY REQUIRED TRANSPORTATION PLANS .10 (4) I N DESIGNATING FREQUENT TRANSIT SERVICE AREAS , THE11 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL NOT RELY ON PLANNING12 DOCUMENTS ADOPTED AFTER JANUARY 1, 2023.13 29-33-504. Key corridor applicability - exemptions. (1) (a) I F14 A SUBJECT JURISDICTION ADOPTS THE MODEL CODE , OR THE MODEL CODE15 IS OTHERWISE IN EFFECT, THE MODEL CODE SHALL APPLY TO PARCELS16 THAT ARE WITHIN:17 (I) A ZONING DISTRICT THAT PERMITS, AS OF JANUARY 1, 2023:18 (A) C OMMERCIAL USES COMPATIBLE WITH RESIDENTIAL USES SUCH19 AS OFFICE, RETAIL, PERSONAL SERVICES, OR PARKING COMMERCIAL USES;20 OR21 (B) P UBLIC OR INSTITUTIONAL USES;22 (II) A N AREA ZONED FOR A MIX OF USES INCLUDING COMMERCIAL ,23 INSTITUTIONAL, PUBLIC, OR RESIDENTIAL USES; OR24 (III) A FREQUENT TRANSIT SERVICE AREA, AS OF JANUARY 1, 2023.25 (b) I F A SUBJECT JURISDICTION ADOPTS LOCAL LAWS THAT MEET26 THE MINIMUM STANDARDS RATHER THAN THE MODEL CODE , THE SUBJECT27 SB23-213 -78- JURISDICTION MAY CHOOSE TO IDENTIFY AREAS DESCRIBED IN1 SUBSECTIONS (1)(a)(I), (1)(a)(II), AND (1)(a)(III) OF THIS SECTION AS KEY2 CORRIDORS AS LONG AS THE AREAS THAT THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION3 SELECTS, AND THE LOCAL LAWS THAT THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION APPLIES4 TO THOSE AREAS, MEET THE MINIMUM STANDARDS ESTABLISHED IN5 SECTION 29-33-506.6 (2) T HE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS PART 5 APPLY ONLY TO A KEY7 CORRIDOR IN A RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY OR A TIER ONE8 URBAN MUNICIPALITY.9 (3) U NLESS A SUBJECT JURISDICTION DECIDES OTHERWISE , LOCAL10 LAWS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS PART 5 ONLY APPLY TO PARCELS THAT11 ARE NOT:12 (a) A STANDARD EXEMPT PARCEL ; OR13 (b) O N A SITE OR ADJOINING A SITE THAT IS:14 (I) U SED FOR AN INDUSTRIAL USE;15 (II) C URRENTLY PERMITTED FOR AN INDUSTRIAL USE ; OR16 (III) D ESIGNATED FOR HEAVY INDUSTRIAL USE IN THE LATEST17 VERSION OF A SUBJECT JURISDICTION'S MASTER PLAN ADOPTED BEFORE18 J ANUARY 1, 2023.19 29-33-505. Model code. (1) (a) N O LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2025,20 THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS SHALL21 PROMULGATE A KEY CORRIDOR MODEL CODE .22 (b) T HE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL PROVIDE23 RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT24 OF LOCAL AFFAIRS ON THE MODEL CODE .25 (2) I N DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROVIDE TO THE26 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS ON THE27 SB23-213 -79- MODEL CODE, THE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL :1 (a) P ROVIDE PUBLIC NOTICE AND HOLD AT LEAST TWO PUBLIC2 MEETINGS AT WHICH MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC HAVE AN OPPORTUNITY TO3 COMMENT ON THE MODEL CODE ;4 (b) A LLOW THE SUBMISSION OF WRITTEN COMMENTS ON THE5 MODEL CODE;6 (c) C ONDUCT OUTREACH TO AND SOLICIT FEEDBACK FROM LOCAL7 GOVERNMENTS AND REGIONAL PLANNING AGENCIES ; AND8 (d) C ONSULT WITH EXPERTS IN DISABILITY RIGHTS, AFFORDABLE9 HOUSING, FAIR HOUSING, PLANNING, ZONING, AND RELATED FIELDS.10 (3) A T A MINIMUM, THE MODEL CODE MUST INCLUDE :11 (a) A MINIMUM RESIDENTIAL DENSITY LIMIT FOR MULTIFAMILY12 RESIDENTIAL HOUSING THAT MUST BE ALLOWED AS A USE BY RIGHT IN KEY13 CORRIDORS;14 (b) A N ALLOWABLE MINIMUM RESIDENTIAL DENSITY LIMIT FOR15 MIXED-INCOME MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL HOUSING THAT MUST BE16 ALLOWED AS A USE BY RIGHT IN KEY CORRIDORS AND MUST BE AT LEAST17 FIFTY PERCENT GREATER THAN THE MINIMUM RESIDENTIAL DENSITY LIMIT18 IN SUBSECTION (3)(a) OF THIS SECTION;19 (c) R EQUIREMENTS FOR THE PERCENT OF UNITS IN MIXED -INCOME20 MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENTS THAT MUST BE RESERVED FOR21 LOW- AND MODERATE-INCOME HOUSEHOLDS; AND22 (d) A REA MEDIAN INCOME REQUIREMENTS FOR REGULATED23 AFFORDABLE HOUSING UNITS THAT ARE INFORMED BY THE NEED FOR24 AFFORDABLE HOUSING IDENTIFIED IN THE LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS25 ASSESSMENT.26 29-33-506. Minimum standards. (1) (a) N O LATER THAN JUNE27 SB23-213 -80- 30, 2025, THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL1 AFFAIRS SHALL PROMULGATE KEY CORRIDOR MINIMUM STANDARDS .2 (b) T HE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL PROVIDE3 RECOMMENDATIONS TO THE EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT4 OF LOCAL AFFAIRS ON THE MINIMUM STANDARDS .5 (2) I N DEVELOPING RECOMMENDATIONS TO PROVIDE TO THE6 EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS ON THE7 MODEL CODE, THE MULTI-AGENCY ADVISORY CO MMITTEE SHALL FOLLOW8 THE SAME PROCESS AS IN SECTION 29-33-505 (2).9 (3) T HE MINIMUM STANDARDS MUST :10 (a) I NCLUDE GUIDANCE TO ENCOURAGE REGIONAL STRATEGIES FOR11 KEY CORRIDORS;12 (b) I DENTIFY A NET RESIDENTIAL ZONING CAPACITY FOR EACH13 SUBJECT JURISDICTION, WHICH MUST BE INFORMED BY THE LOCAL14 HOUSING NEEDS ASSESSMENT ; AND15 (c) I DENTIFY ANY ADDITIONAL STANDARDS DEEMED NECESSARY ,16 SUCH AS A MINIMUM RESIDENTIAL DENSITY LIMIT AND MINIMUM DISTRICT17 SIZE.18 (4) (a) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A19 TIER ONE URBAN MUNICIPALITY THAT DOES NOT ADOPT THE MODEL CODE20 SHALL ESTABLISH A DISTRICT WITHIN KEY CORRIDORS THAT ALLOWS , AS21 A USE BY RIGHT, MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL HOUSING THAT SATISFIES THE22 NET RESIDENTIAL ZONING CAPACITY ESTABLISHED BY THE MINIMUM23 STANDARDS AND MEETS OTHER MINI MUM STANDARDS ESTABLISHED .24 (b) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A25 RURAL RESORT JOB CENTER MUNICIPALITY THAT DOES NOT ADOPT THE26 MODEL CODE SHALL ALLOW MULTIFAMILY HOUSING AS A USE BY RIGHT IN27 SB23-213 -81- THE PARTS OF THE MUNICIPALITY THAT THE RURAL RESORT REGION1 HOUSING NEEDS PLANNING PROCESS IDENTIFIED AS KEY CORRIDORS .2 (c) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A3 SUBJECT JURISDICTION MAY ALLOW DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DENSITY WITHIN4 A KEY CORRIDOR SO LONG AS THE MINIMUM STANDARDS ARE SATISFIED .5 (5) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY LOCAL LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A6 SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT DOES NOT ADOPT THE MODEL CODE SHALL7 NOT, IN THE DISTRICTS IT ESTABLISHES PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (4)(a)8 OF THIS SECTION:9 (a) A PPLY STANDARDS THAT INDIVIDUALLY OR CUMULATIVELY10 CREATE UNREASONABLE COSTS OR DELAYS FOR MULTIFAMILY HOUSING11 DEVELOPMENTS IN KEY CORRIDORS OR MAKE THE PERMITTING , SITING, OR12 CONSTRUCTION OF MULTIFAMILY HOUSING IN KEY CORRIDORS INFEASIBLE ;13 (b) A DOPT, ENACT, OR ENFORCE LOCAL LAWS THAT MAKE THE14 MINIMUM RESIDENTIAL DENSITY LIMITS INFEASIBLE ; OR15 (c) R EQUIRE NEW OFF-STREET PARKING WITHIN KEY CORRIDORS16 FOR ANY USE IN CONJUNCTION WITH THE ISSUANCE OF A DEVELOPMENT17 PERMIT.18 (6) T HE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY PROMULGATE RULES19 AS IT DEEMS NECESSARY TO UPDATE THE MINIMUM STANDARDS OR MODEL20 CODE, UTILIZING A PUBLIC HEARING AND COMMENT PROCESS .21 29-33-507. Adoption of model codes - satisfaction of minimum22 standards. (1) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2026, A SUBJECT23 JURISDICTION SHALL EITHER:24 (a) A DOPT LOCAL LAWS CONCERNING KEY CORRIDORS THAT25 SATISFY THE MINIMUM STANDARDS ; OR26 (b) A DOPT THE MODEL CODE.27 SB23-213 -82- (2) IF A SUBJECT JURISDICTION DOES NOT SATISFY THE1 REQUIREMENTS OF SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION BEFORE JUNE 30,2 2027, THE MODEL CODE GOES INTO EFFECT IMMEDIATELY FOR THE3 APPLICABLE PARCELS IN KEY CORRIDORS , AS SPECIFIED IN SECTION4 29-33-504, IN THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION UNTIL THE DEPARTMENT OF5 LOCAL AFFAIRS DETERMINES THAT THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS6 ADOPTED LAWS THAT COMPLY WITH THE MINIMUM STANDARDS .7 (3) I F A SUBJECT JURISDICTION ADOPTS THE MODEL CODE OR THE8 MODEL CODE IS OTHERWISE IN EFFECT FOR A SUBJECT JURISDICTION9 PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (2) OF THIS SECTION, THE SUBJECT10 JURISDICTION SHALL:11 (a) U SE OBJECTIVE PROCEDURES TO DETERMINE WHETHER A12 PROJECT SATISFIES THE MODEL CODE AND , IF THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION13 DETERMINES THAT THE PROJECT SATISFIES THE MODEL CODE , THE SUBJECT14 JURISDICTION SHALL APPROVE THE ACCESSORY DWELLING PROJECT ; AND15 (b) N OT ADOPT, ENACT, OR ENFORCE ANY LOCAL LAWS THAT16 CONTRAVENE THE MODEL CODE .17 (4) (a) N O LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2026, A SUBJECT JURISDICTION18 MAY SUBMIT AN APPLICATION TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS IN19 A FORM AND MANNER DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL20 AFFAIRS FOR AN EXTENSION OF THE RELEVANT REQUIREMENTS IN21 SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION.22 (b) T HE APPLICATION MUST INCLUDE A DEMONSTRATION BY THE23 SUBJECT JURISDICTION THAT:24 (I) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION'S WATER, SEWER, OR STORMWATER25 SERVICES ARE CURRENTLY DEFICIENT IN SPECIFIC AREAS , OR ARE26 EXPECTED TO BECOME DEFICIENT IN THE NEXT FIVE YEARS ;27 SB23-213 -83- (II) THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS ESTABLISHED A PLAN OF1 ACTION TO REMEDY THE DEFICIENT WATER , SEWER, OR STORMWATER2 SERVICES IN THE SPECIFIC AREAS IDENTIFIED IN SUBSECTION (4)(b)(I) OF3 THIS SECTION ON A SPECIFIC TIMELINE; AND4 (III) T HE SUBJECT JURISDICTION IS UNABLE TO SERVE LESS WATER5 EFFICIENT HOUSING TYPES THAN THOSE REQUIRED BY THIS PART 5.6 (c) T HE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY ADOPT RULES OR7 PROMULGATE GUIDANCE AS NECESSARY TO IMPLEMENT THIS SUBSECTION8 (4).9 (5) (a) N O LATER THAN DECEMBER 31, 2026, A RURAL RESORT JOB10 CENTER MUNICIPALITY OR A TIER ONE URBAN MUNICIPALITY SHALL11 SUBMIT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS IN A FORM AND MANNER12 DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT A REPORT DEMONSTRATING EVIDENCE13 OF COMPLIANCE WITH EITHER THE MODEL CODE OR MINIMUM STANDARDS .14 (b) W ITHIN NINETY DAYS OF RECEIVING A REPORT DESCRIBED IN15 SUBSECTION (5)(a) OF THIS SECTION , THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS16 SHALL REVIEW AND APPROVE THE SUBMITTED REPORT OR REJECT THE17 REPORT AND PROVIDE FEEDBACK TO THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION . THE18 DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS MAY GRANT A JURISDICTION AN19 ADDITIONAL ONE HUNDRED TWENTY DAYS TO CORRECT THE RELEVANT20 LOCAL LAWS AND RESUBMIT ITS REPORT .21 (c) I F THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS REJECTS A SUBJECT22 JURISDICTION'S REPORT, THE MODEL CODE GOES INTO EFFECT23 IMMEDIATELY FOR THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION, UNTIL THE DEPARTMENT OF24 LOCAL AFFAIRS DETERMINES THAT THE SUBJECT JURISDICTION HAS25 ADOPTED LAWS THAT COMPLY WITH THE MINIMUM STANDARDS OR HAS26 ADOPTED THE MODEL CODE .27 SB23-213 -84- 29-33-508. Subject jurisdiction restrictions. (1) N OTHING IN1 THIS PART 5 PREVENTS A SUBJECT JURISDICTION FROM:2 (a) R EQUIRING PARKING SPACES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE3 FEDERAL "AMERICANS WITH DISABILITIES ACT OF 1990", 42 U.S.C. SEC.4 12101 ET SEQ., AS AMENDED;5 (b) A PPLYING A LOCAL INCLUSIONARY ZONING ORDINANCE TO6 MULTIFAMILY HOUSING IN KEY CORRIDORS SO LONG AS THE STANDARDS7 OF THE ORDINANCE DO NOT RENDER THE DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIFAMILY8 HOUSING FINANCIALLY INFEASIBLE;9 (c) P ERMITTING MIXED-USE DEVELOPMENT IN A KEY CORRIDOR ;10 (d) A LLOWING COMMERCIAL ONLY DEVELOPMENTS IN A KEY11 CORRIDOR; OR12 (e) A PPLYING THE STANDARDS IN A HISTORIC DISTRICT TO HOUSING13 IN KEY CORRIDORS IN THAT HISTORIC DISTRICT.14 SECTION 3. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 24-32-705, add (8)15 as follows:16 24-32-705. Functions of division. (8) T HE DIVISION SHALL17 CONSULT WITH THE ADVISORY COMMI TTEE ON FACTORY -BUILT18 STRUCTURES AND TINY HOMES CREATED IN SECTION 24-32-3305 (3) TO19 PRODUCE A REPORT NO LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2024, ON THE20 OPPORTUNITIES AND BARRIERS IN CURRENT STATE LAWS AND21 REGULATIONS CONCERNING THE BUILDING OF MANUFACTURED HOMES ,22 MODULAR HOMES, AND TINY HOMES.23 SECTION 4. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 24-32-3301, amend24 (1)(c)(II) as follows:25 24-32-3301. Legislative declaration. (1) The general assembly26 hereby finds, determines, and declares that mobile homes, manufactured27 SB23-213 -85- housing, and factory-built structures are important and effective ways to1 meet Colorado's affordable housing needs. The general assembly further2 finds and declares that, because of the housing crisis in Colorado, there3 is a need to promote the affordability and accessibility of new4 manufactured homes and factory-built structures. The general assembly5 encourages local governments to enact ordinances and rules that6 effectively treat factory-built structures certified through the state7 program and manufactured housing certified through the federal program8 the same as site-built homes. The general assembly further finds,9 determines, and declares that:10 (c) The protection of Colorado consumers who purchase11 manufactured homes or tiny homes from fraud and other unfair business12 practices is a matter of statewide concern and consumers can best be13 protected by:14 (II) Imposing escrow and bonding requirements upon persons15 engaged in the business of manufacturing or selling manufactured homes16 or tiny homes; and17 SECTION 5. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 24-32-3303, amend18 (1)(c) as follows:19 24-32-3303. Division of housing - powers and duties - rules.20 (1) The division has the following powers and duties pursuant to this part21 33:22 (c) To review and approve quality assurance representatives that23 intend to perform FINAL CONSTRUCTION PLAN REVIEWS , inspections, and24 issue insignia of approval pursuant to this part 33;25 SECTION 6. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 24-32-3311, amend26 (1)(a.3) as follows:27 SB23-213 -86- 24-32-3311. Certification of factory-built structures - rules.1 (1) (a.3) Manufacturers of factory-built structures to be installed in the2 state shall register with the division as provided in board rules and are3 subject to enforcement action, including suspension or revocation of their4 registration for failing to comply with requirements contained in this part5 33 and board rules. A manufacturer shall:6 (I) Comply with escrow requirements of down payments as7 established by the board by rule; and8 (II) Provide a letter of credit, certificate of deposit issued by a9 licensed financial institution, or surety bond issued by an authorized10 insurer in an amount and process established by the board by rule. A11 financial institution or authorized insurer shall pay the division the letter12 of credit, certificate of deposit, or surety bond if a court of competent13 jurisdiction has rendered a final judgment in favor of the division based14 on a finding that:15 (A) The manufacturer failed to deliver the factory-built structure;16 (B) The manufacturer failed to refund a down payment made17 toward the purchase of the factory-built structure; or18 (C) The manufacturer ceased doing business operations or filed19 for bankruptcy.20 SECTION 7. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 24-67-105, add (5.5)21 as follows:22 24-67-105. Standards and conditions for planned unit23 development - definitions. (5.5) (a) A PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT24 RESOLUTION OR ORDINANCE ADOPTED PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE 67, IF25 THE PLANNED UNIT DEVELOPMENT HAS A RESIDENTIAL USE , MUST NOT26 RESTRICT THE PERMITTING OF ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS , MIDDLE27 SB23-213 -87- HOUSING, HOUSING IN TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS, OR HOUSING IN KEY1 CORRIDORS IN ANY WAY THAT IS PROHIBITED BY ARTICLE 33 OF TITLE 29.2 (b) A S USED IN THIS SUBSECTION (5.5), UNLESS THE CONTEXT3 OTHERWISE REQUIRES:4 (I) "A CCESSORY DWELLING UNIT" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS SET5 FORTH IN SECTION 29-33-102 (2).6 (II) "K EY CORRIDOR" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS SET FORTH IN7 SECTION 29-33-502 (3).8 (III) "M IDDLE HOUSING" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS SET FORTH IN9 SECTION 29-33-102 (18).10 (IV) "T RANSIT-ORIENTED AREA" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS SET11 FORTH IN SECTION 29-33-102 (36).12 SECTION 8. In Colorado Revised Statutes, add 29-20-110 as13 follows:14 29-20-110. Local government residential occupancy limits -15 definitions. (1) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY OTHER PROVISION TO THE16 CONTRARY, A LOCAL GOVERNMENT SHALL NOT ENACT OR ENFORCE17 RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY LIMITS THAT DIFFER BASED ON THE18 RELATIONSHIPS OF THE OCCUPANTS OF A DWELLING .19 (2) N OTHING IN THIS SECTION PREVENTS A LOCAL GOVERNMENT20 FROM ESTABLISHING RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY LIMITS FOR DWELLING21 UNITS FOR SHORT-TERM RENTALS, AS DEFINED IN SECTION 29-33-102 (30).22 (3) A S USED IN THIS SECTION, UNLESS THE CONTEXT OTHERWISE23 REQUIRES:24 (a) "D WELLING" MEANS ANY IMPROVED REAL PROPERTY , OR25 PORTION THEREOF, THAT IS USED OR INTENDED TO BE USED AS A26 RESIDENCE.27 SB23-213 -88- (b) "LOCAL GOVERNMENT " MEANS A COUNTY , HOME RULE1 COUNTY, HOME RULE OR STATUTORY CITY, TOWN, TERRITORIAL CHARTER2 CITY, OR CITY AND COUNTY.3 SECTION 9. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 30-28-106, amend4 (3)(a)(IV)(D) and (3)(a)(IV)(E); and add (6.5), (8), and (9) as follows:5 30-28-106. Adoption of master plan - contents. (3) (a) The6 master plan of a county or region, with the accompanying maps, plats,7 charts, and descriptive and explanatory matter, must show the county or8 regional planning commission's recommendations for the development of9 the territory covered by the plan. The master plan of a county or region is10 an advisory document to guide land development decisions; however, the11 plan or any part thereof may be made binding by inclusion in the county's12 or region's adopted subdivision, zoning, platting, planned unit13 development, or other similar land development regulations after14 satisfying notice, due process, and hearing requirements for legislative or15 quasi-judicial processes as appropriate. After consideration of each of the16 following, where applicable or appropriate, the master plan may include:17 (IV) (D) The department of local affairs created in section18 24-1-125 may hire and employ one full-time employee to provide19 educational resources and assistance to counties that include water20 conservation policies in their master plans as described in subsection21 (3)(a)(IV)(C) OR IN SUBSECTION (6.5)(b) of this section.22 (E) Nothing in this subsection (3)(a)(IV) OR IN SUBSECTION23 (6.5)(b) OF THIS SECTION shall be construed to supersede, abrogate, or24 otherwise impair the allocation of water pursuant to the state constitution25 or laws, the right to beneficially use water pursuant to decrees, contracts,26 or other water use agreements, or the operation, maintenance, repair,27 SB23-213 -89- replacement, or use of any water facility.1 (6.5) A MASTER PLAN OF ANY COUNTY ADOPTED OR AMENDED IN2 ACCORDANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SECTION ON AND AFTER3 J UNE 30, 2024, MUST INCLUDE:4 (a) T HE GENERAL LOCATION AND EXTENT OF AN ADEQUATE AND5 SUITABLE SUPPLY OF WATER AS DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (3)(a)(IV)(A)6 OF THIS SECTION;7 (b) A WATER SUPPLY ELEMENT THAT SATISFIES THE8 REQUIREMENTS OF SUBSECTIONS (3)(a)(IV)(B) AND (3)(a)(IV)(C) OF THIS9 SECTION;10 (c) N ATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL LAND PRIORITIES IN11 ACCORDANCE WITH THE NATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL LAND PRIORITIES12 REPORT CREATED IN SECTION 29-33-109; AND13 (d) F OR COUNTIES WITH A POPULATION GREATER THAN TWO14 HUNDRED FIFTY THOUSAND, A GREENFIELD DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS THAT15 IS CONDUCTED IN THE SAME MANNER AND ON THE SAME TIMELINE AS THE16 GREENFIELD DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS REQUIRED IN SECTION 29-33-10417 (4)(d).18 (8) I N ADOPTING OR AMENDING A MASTER PLAN , THE COMMISSION19 SHALL IDENTIFY, PROVIDE NOTICE TO, AND CONSULT WITH CERTAIN20 ENTITIES WITHIN THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES TO ENSURE THAT THE21 ADOPTING OR AMENDING OF THE MASTER PLAN IS AN INCLUSIVE PROCESS :22 (a) H OUSING AUTHORITIES;23 (b) L OCAL GOVERNMENTS ; AND24 (c) N ONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS .25 (9) (a) A T LEAST SIXTY DAYS BEFORE THE FINAL PUBLIC HEARING26 REQUIRED BY SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION, THE COMMISSION SHALL27 SB23-213 -90- SUBMIT THE MOST RECENT DRAFT OF THE MASTER PLAN TO THE DIVISION1 OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS .2 (b) N O MORE THAN THIRTY DAYS AFTER ADOPTING OR AMENDING3 THE MASTER PLAN, THE COMMISSION SHALL SUBMIT THE MASTER PLAN TO4 THE DIVISION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL5 AFFAIRS. THE DIVISION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT SHALL REVIEW THESE6 REPORTS TO ENSURE THEY COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS7 SECTION.8 SECTION 10. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 31-15-713, add9 (1)(d) as follows:10 31-15-713. Power to sell public works - real property. (1) The11 governing body of each municipality has the power:12 (d) N OTWITHSTANDING SUBSECTIONS (1)(a) AND (1)(b) OF THIS13 SECTION, TO SELL AND DISPOSE OF, BY ORDINANCE, ANY PUBLIC BUILDING14 OR REAL PROPERTY OWNED BY A MUNICIPALITY THAT IS HELD FOR15 GOVERNMENT PURPOSES OTHER THAN PARK PURPOSES , IF THE SALE AND16 DISPOSITION OF THE PUBLIC BUILDING OR REAL PROPERTY IS FOR THE17 PURPOSE OF PROVIDING PROPERTY TO BE USED FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF18 AFFORDABLE HOUSING, AS THE TERM IS DEFINED IN SECTION 29-33-102 (3).19 T HE GOVERNING BODY SHALL DETERMINE THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF20 THE SALE AND DISPOSITION AT A REGULAR OR SPECIAL MEETING AND21 SHALL MAKE THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS PUBLICLY AVAILABLE .22 SECTION 11. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 31-23-301, amend23 (5)(b)(I)(C); add (5)(a)(III), (5)(a)(IV), (5)(a)(V), and (5)(b)(I.5); and24 repeal (5)(b)(II) as follows:25 31-23-301. Grant of power. (5) (a) As used in this subsection26 (5), unless the context otherwise requires:27 SB23-213 -91- (III) "MANUFACTURED HOME " MEANS ANY PRECONSTRUCTED1 BUILDING UNIT OR COMBINATION OF PRECONSTRUCTED BUILDING UNITS OR2 CLOSED PANEL SYSTEMS THAT :3 (A) I NCLUDES ELECTRICAL, MECHANICAL, OR PLUMBING SERVICES4 THAT ARE FABRICATED, FORMED, OR ASSEMBLED AT A LOCATION OTHER5 THAN THE SITE OF THE COMPLETED HOME ;6 (B) I S DESIGNED FOR RESIDENTIAL OCCUPANCY IN EITHER7 TEMPORARY OR PERMANENT LOCATIONS ;8 (C) I S CONSTRUCTED IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE FEDERAL ACT ,9 FACTORY-BUILT RESIDENTIAL REQUIREMENTS , INCLUDING THOSE FOR10 MULTIFAMILY STRUCTURES , OR MOBILE HOME STANDARDS ;11 (D) I S NOT SELF-PROPELLED; AND12 (E) I S NOT LICENSED AS A RECREATIONAL VEHICLE .13 (IV) "M ODULAR HOME" MEANS A FACTORY-BUILT RESIDENTIAL14 STRUCTURE.15 (V) "O BJECTIVE STANDARD" MEANS A STANDARD THAT BOTH :16 (A) D OES NOT REQUIRE A PUBLIC BODY OR OFFICIAL TO MAKE A17 PERSONAL OR SUBJECTIVE JUDGMENT ; AND18 (B) I S UNIFORMLY VERIFIABLE OR ASCERTAINABLE BY REFERENCE19 TO AN EXTERNAL OR UNIFORM BENCHMARK OR CRITERION THAT IS20 AVAILABLE AND KNOWABLE BY THE DEVELOPMENT APPLICANT OR21 PROPONENT AND THE PUBLIC BODY OR OFFICIAL PRIOR TO THE22 DEVELOPMENT APPLICANT OR PROPONENT 'S FILING OF A DEVELOPMENT23 PROPOSAL.24 (b) (I) No municipality may have or enact zoning regulations,25 subdivision regulations, or any other regulation affecting development26 that exclude or have the effect of excluding homes from the municipality27 SB23-213 -92- that are:1 (C) Homes that meet or exceed, on an equivalent performance2 engineering basis, standards established by the municipal building code.3 T HE APPROVAL PROCESSES OF M ANUFACTURED AND MODULAR HOMES4 SHALL BE BASED ON OBJECTIVE STANDARDS AND ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW5 THAT ARE EQUIVALENT TO THAT REQUIRED FOR SITE -BUILT HOMES,6 UNLESS A MUNICIPALITY REGULATES SITE -BUILT HOMES THROUGH A7 SUBJECTIVE REVIEW PROCESS, IN WHICH CASE A MUNICIPALITY MAY USE8 AN EQUIVALENT REVIEW PROCESS FOR A MANUFACTURED OR MODULAR9 HOME AND A SITE-BUILT HOME.10 (I.5) A MUNICIPALITY SHALL NOT IMPOSE MORE RESTRICTIVE11 STANDARDS ON MANUFACTURED AND MODULAR HOMES THAN THOSE THE12 MUNICIPALITY APPLIES TO SITE BUILT HOMES IN THE SAME RESIDENTIAL13 ZONES. RESTRICTIVE STANDARDS INCLUDE ZONING REGULATIONS ,14 SUBDIVISION REGULATIONS, AND ANY OTHER REGULATION AFFECTING15 DEVELOPMENT SUCH AS REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO :16 (A) P ERMANENT FOUNDATIONS ;17 (B) M INIMUM FLOOR SPACE;18 (C) H OME SIZE OR SECTIONAL REQUIREMENTS ;19 (D) I MPROVEMENT LOCATION STANDARDS ;20 (E) S IDE YARD STANDARDS; AND21 (F) S ETBACK STANDARDS.22 (II) Nothing in this subsection (5) shall prevent a municipality 23 from enacting any zoning, developmental, use, aesthetic, or historical24 standard, including, but not limited to, requirements relating to permanent25 foundations, minimum floor space, unit size or sectional requirements,26 and improvement location, side yard, and setback standards to the extent27 SB23-213 -93- that such standards or requirements are applicable to existing or new1 housing within the specific use district of the municipality.2 SECTION 12. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 31-23-206, amend3 (1)(d)(IV) and (1)(d)(V); and add (6.5), (8), and (9) as follows:4 31-23-206. Master plan. (1) It is the duty of the commission to5 make and adopt a master plan for the physical development of the6 municipality, including any areas outside its boundaries, subject to the7 approval of the governmental body having jurisdiction thereof, that in the8 commission's judgment bear relation to the planning of the municipality.9 The master plan of a municipality is an advisory document to guide land10 development decisions; however, the plan or any part thereof may be11 made binding by inclusion in the municipality's adopted subdivision,12 zoning, platting, planned unit development, or other similar land13 development regulations after satisfying notice, due process, and hearing14 requirements for legislative or quasi-judicial processes as appropriate.15 When a commission decides to adopt a master plan, the commission shall16 conduct public hearings, after notice of such public hearings has been17 published in a newspaper of general circulation in the municipality in a18 manner sufficient to notify the public of the time, place, and nature of the19 public hearing, prior to final adoption of a master plan in order to20 encourage public participation in and awareness of the development of21 such plan and shall accept and consider oral and written public comments22 throughout the process of developing the plan. The plan, with the23 accompanying maps, plats, charts, and descriptive matter, must, after24 consideration of each of the following, where applicable or appropriate,25 show the commission's recommendations for the development of the26 municipality and outlying areas, including:27 SB23-213 -94- (d) (IV) The department of local affairs created in section1 24-1-125 may hire and employ one full-time employee to provide2 educational resources and assistance to municipalities that include water3 conservation policies in their master plans as described in subsection4 (1)(d)(III) OR IN SUBSECTION (6.5)(b) of this section.5 (V) Nothing in this subsection (1)(d) OR IN SUBSECTION (6.5)(b)6 OF THIS SECTION shall be construed to supersede, abrogate, or otherwise7 impair the allocation of water pursuant to the state constitution or laws,8 the right to beneficially use water pursuant to decrees, contracts, or other9 water use agreements, or the operation, maintenance, repair, replacement,10 or use of any water facility.11 (6.5) A MASTER PLAN ADOPTED OR AMENDED IN ACCORDANCE12 WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF THIS SECTION ON AND AFTER JUNE 30, 2024,13 MUST INCLUDE:14 (a) T HE GENERAL LOCATION AND EXTENT OF AN ADEQUATE AND15 SUITABLE SUPPLY OF WATER AS DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (1)(d)(I) OF16 THIS SECTION;17 (b) A WATER SUPPLY ELEMENT THAT SATISFIES THE18 REQUIREMENTS OF SUBSECTIONS (1)(d)(II) AND (1)(d)(III) OF THIS19 SECTION;20 (c) T HE MOST RECENT LOCAL HOUSING NEEDS PLAN CREATED21 PURSUANT TO SECTION 29-33-104;22 (d) N ATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL LAND PRIORITIES IN23 ACCORDANCE WITH THE NATURAL AND AGRICULTURAL LAND PRIORITIES24 REPORT CREATED IN SECTION 29-33-109;25 (e) A GREENFIELD DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS THAT IS CONDUCTED26 IN THE SAME MANNER AS THE GREENFIELD DEVELOPMENT ANALYSIS27 SB23-213 -95- REQUIRED IN SECTION 29-33-104 (4)(d); AND1 (f) T HE MOST RECENT VERSION OF THE PLAN REQUIRED BY SECTION2 31-12-105 (1)(e).3 (8) I N ADOPTING OR AMENDING A MASTER PLAN , THE COMMISSION4 SHALL IDENTIFY, PROVIDE NOTICE TO, AND CONSULT WITH CERTAIN5 ENTITIES WITHIN THE FOLLOWING CATEGORIES TO ENSURE THAT THE6 ADOPTING OR AMENDING OF THE MASTER PLAN IS AN INCLUSIVE PROCESS :7 (a) H OUSING AUTHORITIES;8 (b) N ONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ; AND9 (c) L OCAL GOVERNMENTS.10 (9) (a) A T LEAST SIXTY DAYS BEFORE THE FINAL PUBLIC HEARING11 REQUIRED BY SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION, THE COMMISSION SHALL12 SUBMIT THE MOST RECENT DRAFT OF THE MASTER PLAN TO THE DIVISION13 OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT CREATED IN THE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS .14 (b) N O MORE THAN THIRTY DAYS AFTER ADOPTING OR AMENDING15 THE MASTER PLAN, THE COMMISSION SHALL SUBMIT THE MASTER PLAN TO16 THE DIVISION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT CREATED IN THE DEPARTMENT OF17 LOCAL AFFAIRS. THE DIVISION OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT SHALL REVIEW18 THESE REPORTS TO ENSURE THEY COMPLY WITH THE REQUIREMENTS OF19 THIS SECTION.20 SECTION 13. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 31-23-301, add (6)21 as follows:22 31-23-301. Grant of power. (6) N EITHER A TIER ONE URBAN23 MUNICIPALITY AS DEFINED IN SECTION 29-33-102 (33) NOR A TIER TWO24 URBAN MUNICIPALITY AS DEFINED IN SECTION 29-33-102 (34) SHALL25 IMPOSE MINIMUM SQUARE FOOTAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR RESIDENTIAL26 UNITS IN THE APPROVAL OF RESIDENTIAL DWELLING UNIT CONSTRUCTION27 SB23-213 -96- PERMITS UNLESS DOING SO IS NECESSARY FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY IN THE1 URBAN MUNICIPALITY.2 SECTION 14. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 37-60-126, amend3 (9)(b); and add (13) as follows:4 37-60-126. Water conservation and drought mitigation5 planning - programs - relationship to state assistance for water6 facilities - guidelines - water efficiency grant program - definitions -7 repeal. (9) (b) The board and the Colorado water resources and power8 development authority, to which any covered entity has applied for9 financial assistance for the construction of a water diversion, storage,10 conveyance, water treatment, or wastewater treatment facility, shall11 consider any water conservation plan filed pursuant to this section AND12 ANY VALIDATED WATER LOSS AUDIT REPORT REQUIRED BY SUBSECTION13 (13)(d) OF THIS SECTION in determining whether to render financial14 assistance to such entity. Such consideration shall be carried out within15 the discretion accorded the board and the Colorado water resources and16 power development authority pursuant to which such board and authority17 render such financial assistance to such covered entity.18 (13) (a) Short title. T HE SHORT TITLE OF THIS SUBSECTION (13) IS19 THE "WATER LOSS ACCOUNTING ACT OF 2023".20 (b) Legislative declaration. T HE GENERAL ASSEMBLY FINDS21 THAT:22 (I) S AFE AND AFFORDABLE DRINKING WATER IS ESSENTIAL TO23 PUBLIC HEALTH, AFFORDABLE HOUSING, AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT24 THROUGHOUT THE STATE ;25 (II) T HE COST OF PROVIDING RELIABLE DRINKING WATER IS26 INCREASING DUE TO FACTORS SUCH AS AGING INFRASTRUCTURE , LOW27 SB23-213 -97- DENSITY LAND USE DEVELOPMENT THAT IS COSTLY TO SERVE , INCREASED1 ENERGY COSTS, AND MORE COMPLEX AND COSTLY CHANGES TO THE2 REGULATORY REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFE DRINKING WATER ;3 (III) C OMPACT INFILL DEVELOPMENT REDUCES WATER DEMAND4 AND INFRASTRUCTURE COSTS THROUGH THE USE OF SHORTER PIPES THAT5 REDUCE LOSSES, LESS LANDSCAPED SPACE PER UNIT , AND BY BETTER6 UTILIZING EXISTING INFRASTRUCTURE;7 (IV) W ATER MAIN BREAKS ARE VISIBLE AND DISRUPTIVE8 MANIFESTATIONS OF THE MORE WIDESPREAD PHENOMENON OF LEAKAGE9 FROM WATER SYSTEMS;10 (V) L EAKAGE OF DRINKING WATER FROM WATER DISTRIBUTION11 SYSTEMS ADDS TO THE COST OF SERVICE TO CUSTOMERS AND MAY LEAD12 TO INCREASED RAW WATER DEMANDS THAT NEGATIVELY IMPACT THE13 NATURAL ENVIRONMENT ;14 (VI) T HE FAILURE TO RECOVER REVENUE FROM WATER DELIVERED15 TO USERS DUE TO METERING AND BILLING INACCURACIES AND THEFT ALSO16 INCREASES THE COST PER UNIT OF WATER THAT IS BILLED TO CUSTOMERS ;17 (VII) T HE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION, A NATIONAL18 ASSOCIATION OF DRINKING WATER UTILITIES AND PROFESSIONALS , HAS19 RECOMMENDED THAT DRINKING WATER SUPPLIERS CONDUCT AN AUDIT OF20 WATER LOSSES ON AN ANNUAL BASIS ;21 (VIII) T HE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION HAS22 PUBLISHED SOFTWARE FOR USE IN CATEGORIZING AND REPORTING WATER23 LOSSES AND HAS MADE THIS SOFTWARE AVAILABLE WITHOUT CHARGE ;24 (IX) S EVERAL STATES NOW RECOMMEND OR REQUIRE THAT PUBLIC25 WATER SUPPLIERS UNDER THEIR JURISDICTIONS CONDUCT AN AUDIT OF26 WATER LOSSES EACH YEAR USING THE STANDARDIZED TERMS AND27 SB23-213 -98- METHODS PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION;1 AND2 (X) R EGULAR AUDITING OF WATER LOSSES IS A NECESSARY3 FOUNDATION FOR THE ADOPTION OF COST -EFFECTIVE STRATEGIES TO4 REDUCE THE AMOUNTS OF LOST WATER AND REVENUE TO ECONOMICALLY5 REASONABLE LEVELS.6 (c) Definitions. A S USED IN THIS SUBSECTION (13), UNLESS THE7 CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES :8 (I) "V ALIDATION" MEANS THE PROCESS WHEREBY A COVERED9 ENTITY USES A TECHNICAL EXPERT TO CONFIRM THE BASIS OF ALL DATA10 ENTRIES IN THE COVERED ENTITY'S WATER LOSS AUDIT REPORT AND TO11 APPROPRIATELY CHARACTERIZE THE QUALITY OF THE REPORTED DATA .12 T HE VALIDATION PROCESS MUST FOLLOW THE PRINCIPLES AND13 TERMINOLOGY LAID OUT BY THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION14 IN THE LATEST EDITION OF "WATER AUDITS AND LOSS CONTROL15 P ROGRAMS", MANUAL M36, AND IN THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS16 A SSOCIATION'S FREE WATER AUDIT SOFTWARE. A VALIDATED WATER LOSS17 AUDIT REPORT MUST INCLUDE THE NAME AND TECHNICAL QUALIFICATIONS18 OF THE PERSON ENGAGED FOR VALIDATION .19 (II) "W ATER LOSS" MEANS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE ANNUAL20 VOLUME OF WATER ENTERING A WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND THE21 ANNUAL VOLUME OF METERED AND UNMETERED WATER TAKEN BY22 REGISTERED CUSTOMERS, THE WATER SUPPLIER, AND OTHERS WHO ARE23 IMPLICITLY OR EXPLICITLY AUTHORIZED TO DO SO . "WATER LOSS"24 INCLUDES THE ANNUAL VOLUMES LOST THROUGH ALL TYPES OF LEAKS ,25 BREAKS, AND OVERFLOWS ON MAINS, SERVICE RESERVOIRS, AND SERVICE26 CONNECTIONS UP TO THE POINT OF CUSTOMER METERING IN ADDITION TO27 SB23-213 -99- UNAUTHORIZED CONSUMPTION , ALL TYPES OF METERING INACCURACIES,1 AND SYSTEMIC DATA-HANDLING ERRORS.2 (d) Water loss program requirements. (I) N O LATER THAN3 J ANUARY 1, 2025, THE BOARD SHALL ADOPT GUIDELINES FOR THE4 FOLLOWING:5 (A) T HE CONDUCT OF STANDARDIZED WATER LOSS AUDITS BY6 COVERED ENTITIES IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE METHOD ADOPTED BY THE7 A MERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION IN THE MOST CURRENT EDITION8 OF "WATER AUDITS AND LOSS CONTROL PROGRAMS", MANUAL M36 AND9 IN THE AMERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION'S FREE WATER AUDIT10 SOFTWARE;11 (B) T HE PROCESS FOR WATER LOSS AUDIT REPORT VALIDATION12 PRIOR TO SUBMITTING THE REPORT TO THE BOARD ;13 (C) T HE TECHNICAL QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED FOR A PERSON TO14 ENGAGE IN VALIDATION;15 (D) T HE CERTIFICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR A PERSON SELECTED16 BY A COVERED ENTITY TO PROVIDE VALIDATION OF ITS OWN WATER LOSS17 AUDIT REPORT;18 (E) T HE METHOD OF SUBMITTING A WATER LOSS AUDIT REPORT TO19 THE BOARD; AND20 (F) P ROCEDURES FOR THE ACCEPTANCE OF WATER LOSS AUDIT21 REPORTS VOLUNTARILY SUBMITTED BY WATER SUPPLIERS THAT ARE NOT22 COVERED ENTITIES.23 (II) T HE BOARD SHALL UPDATE THE GUIDELINES ADOPTED24 PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (13)(d)(I) OF THIS SECTION NO LATER THAN SIX25 MONTHS AFTER THE RELEASE OF ANY SUBSEQUENT EDITIONS OF THE26 A MERICAN WATER WORKS ASSOCIATION'S "WATER AUDITS AND LOSS27 SB23-213 -100- CONTROL PROGRAMS", MANUAL M36.1 (III) N O LATER THAN JUNE 30, 2025, EACH COVERED ENTITY SHALL2 SUBMIT A COMPLETED AND VALIDATED WATER LOSS AUDIT REPORT FOR3 THE PREVIOUS CALENDAR YEAR AS PRESCRIBED BY THE BOARD PURSUANT4 TO SUBSECTION (13)(d)(I) OF THIS SECTION. FOR REPORTS SUBMITTED IN5 SUBSEQUENT YEARS, EACH COVERED ENTITY SHALL SUBMIT A COMPLETED6 AND VALIDATED WATER LOSS AUDIT REPORT COVERING THE PREVIOUS7 CALENDAR YEAR NO LATER THAN JUNE 30.8 (IV) E ACH WATER LOSS AUDIT REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE BOARD9 MUST BE ACCOMPANIED BY INFORMATION , IN A FORM SPECIFIED BY THE10 BOARD, IDENTIFYING STEPS TAKEN IN THE PRECEDING YEAR TO REDUCE11 THE VOLUME OF WATER LOSSES .12 (V) A T LEAST ONE OF THE FOLLOWING EMPLOYEES OF A COVERED13 ENTITY SHALL ATTEST TO EACH WA TER LOSS AUDIT SUBMITTED TO THE14 BOARD:15 (A) T HE CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER;16 (B) T HE CHIEF ENGINEER; OR17 (C) T HE GENERAL MANAGER .18 (VI) T HE BOARD SHALL DEEM INCOMPLETE AND RETURN TO THE19 COVERED ENTITY ANY FINAL WATER LOSS AUDIT REPORT FOUND BY THE20 BOARD TO BE INCOMPLETE , NOT VALIDATED , UNATTESTED, OR21 INCONGRUENT WITH KNOWN CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER SYSTEM22 OPERATIONS. A COVERED ENTITY SHALL RESUBMIT A COMPLETED WATER23 LOSS AUDIT REPORT WITHIN NINETY DAYS AFTER THE BOARD RETURNS A24 SUBMISSION UNDER THIS SUBSECTION (13)(d)(VI).25 (VII) V ALIDATED WATER LOSS AUDIT REPORTS ARE PUBLIC26 RECORDS AS DEFINED IN SECTION 24-72-202 (6).27 SB23-213 -101- (VIII) NO SOONER THAN JANUARY 1, 2027, AND NO LATER THAN1 J ULY 1, 2028, THE BOARD, HAVING TAKEN VALIDATED WATER LOSS2 REPORTS INTO CONSIDERATION , SHALL ADOPT GUIDELINES THAT3 ESTABLISH A SCORE THAT A COVERED ENTITY'S VALIDATED AUDIT REPORT4 SHOULD ATTAIN.5 (e) Technical and financial assistance. U SING MONEY6 AVAILABLE IN THE WATER EFFICIENCY GRANT PROGRAM CASH FUND7 CREATED IN SUBSECTION (12) OF THIS SECTION, THE BOARD MAY:8 (I) A WARD GRANTS TO COVERED ENTITIES IN FISCAL YEARS9 2023-24 AND 2025-26 FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROCURING WATER LOSS10 AUDIT REPORT VALIDATION ASSISTANCE ; AND11 (II) C ONTRIBUTE TOWARDS PROCURING WATER LOSS AUDIT12 VALIDATION ASSISTANCE FOR COVERED ENTITIES AND PROVIDE TECHNICAL13 TRAINING AND ASSISTANCE TO GUIDE COVERED ENTITIES ' WATER LOSS14 DETECTION PROGRAMS , INCLUDING METERING TECHNIQUES , PRESSURE15 MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES , CONDITION-BASED ASSESSMENT TECHNIQUES16 FOR TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION PIPELINES , AND UTILIZATION OF17 PORTABLE AND PERMANENT WATER LOSS DETECTION DEVICES .18 SECTION 15. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 38-33.3-106.5, add19 (3) as follows:20 38-33.3-106.5. Prohibitions contrary to public policy -21 patriotic, political, or religious expression - public rights-of-way - fire22 prevention - renewable energy generation devices - affordable23 housing - drought prevention measures - child care - definitions.24 (3) (a) N OTWITHSTANDING ANY PROVISION IN THE DECLARATION ,25 BYLAWS, OR RULES AND REGULATIONS OF THE ASSOCIATION TO THE26 CONTRARY, AN ASSOCIATION SHALL NOT PROHIBIT ACCESSORY DWELLING27 SB23-213 -102- UNITS, MIDDLE HOUSING, HOUSING IN TRANSIT-ORIENTED AREAS, AND1 HOUSING IN KEY CORRIDORS. ANY SUCH PROHIBITION ON THE PERMITTING2 OF ACCESSORY DWELLING UNITS OR MIDDLE HOUSING IS VOID AS A3 MATTER OF PUBLIC POLICY IN ANY WAY THAT IS PROHIBITED BY ARTICLE4 33 OF TITLE 29.5 (b) A S USED IN THIS SUBSECTION (3), UNLESS THE CONTEXT6 OTHERWISE REQUIRES:7 (I) "A CCESSORY DWELLING UNIT" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS SET8 FORTH IN SECTION 29-33-102 (2).9 (II) "K EY CORRIDORS" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS SET FORTH IN10 SECTION 29-33-502 (3).11 (III) "M IDDLE HOUSING" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS SET FORTH IN12 SECTION 29-33-102 (18).13 (IV) "T RANSIT-ORIENTED AREA" HAS THE SAME MEANING AS SET14 FORTH IN SECTION 29-33-102 (36).15 SECTION 16. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 43-1-106, amend16 (15)(d) as follows:17 43-1-106. Transportation commission - powers and duties -18 rules - definitions - efficiency and accountability committee. (15) In19 addition to any other duties required by law, the commission shall have20 the following charges:21 (d) To study and make recommendations for existing and future22 transportation systems in Colorado with a focus of such study and23 recommendations being a ten-year plan for each mode of transportation.24 Such THE ten-year plan shall MUST be based on what can be reasonably25 expected to be implemented with the estimated revenues which are likely26 to be available AND MUST INCLUDE PRIORITIZATION CRITERIA THAT ARE27 SB23-213 -103- CONSISTENT WITH STATE STRATEGIC GROWTH OBJECTIVES FOR1 REGIONALLY SIGNIFICANT TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS .2 SECTION 17. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 43-1-113, add (20)3 as follows:4 43-1-113. Funds - budgets - fiscal year - reports and5 publications. (20) B EFORE DECEMBER 31, 2024, THE DEPARTMENT6 SHALL ENSURE THAT THE PRIORITIZATION CRITERIA FOR ANY GRANT7 PROGRAM ADMINISTERED BY THE DEPARTMENT ARE CONSISTENT WITH8 STATE STRATEGIC GROWTH OBJECTIVES , SO LONG AS DOING SO DOES NOT9 VIOLATE FEDERAL LAW.10 SECTION 18. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 43-1-1103, amend11 (5)(i) and (5)(j); and add (2.5) and (5)(k) as follows:12 43-1-1103. Transportation planning. (2.5) B EGINNING13 D ECEMBER 31, 2024, ANY REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN THAT IS14 CREATED OR UPDATED MUST ADDRESS AND ENSURE CONSISTENCY WITH15 STATE STRATEGIC GROWTH OBJECTIVES AS DETERMINED IN SECTION16 29-33-107.17 (5) The department shall integrate and consolidate the regional18 transportation plans for the transportation planning regions into a19 comprehensive statewide transportation plan. The formation of the state20 plan shall be accomplished through a statewide planning process set by21 rules and regulations promulgated by the commission. The state plan shall22 address but shall not be limited to the following factors:23 (i) Effective, efficient, and safe freight transport; and 24 (j) Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions; AND25 (k) B EGINNING DECEMBER 31, 2024, ADDRESS AND ENSURE26 CONSISTENCY WITH STATE STRATEGIC GROWTH OBJECTIVES .27 SB23-213 -104- SECTION 19. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 43-4-1103, add1 (2)(e) as follows:2 43-4-1103. Multimodal transportation options fund - creation3 - revenue sources for fund - use of fund. (2) (e) O N AND AFTER4 D ECEMBER 31, 2024, EXPENDITURES FOR LOCAL AND STATE MULTIMODAL5 PROJECTS FROM THE MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION OPTIONS F UND SHALL6 ONLY BE MADE FOR MULTIMODAL PROJECTS THAT THE DEPARTMENT7 DETERMINES ARE CONSISTENT WITH STATE STRATEGIC GROWTH8 OBJECTIVES.9 SECTION 20. Appropriation. For the 2023-24 state fiscal year,10 $15,000,000 is appropriated to the housing plans assistance fund created11 in section 29-33-111 (3), C.R.S. This appropriation is from the general12 fund. The department of local affairs is responsible for the accounting13 related to this appropriation.14 SECTION 21. Safety clause. The general assembly hereby finds,15 determines, and declares that this act is necessary for the immediate16 preservation of the public peace, health, or safety.17 SB23-213 -105-