Second Regular Session Seventy-fourth General Assembly STATE OF COLORADO REENGROSSED This Version Includes All Amendments Adopted in the House of Introduction LLS NO. 24-0247.01 Richard Sweetman x4333 HOUSE BILL 24-1030 House Committees Senate Committees Transportation, Housing & Local Government Appropriations A BILL FOR AN ACT C ONCERNING RAILROAD SAFETY , AND, IN CONNECTION THEREWITH ,101 LIMITING THE MAXIMUM LENGTH OF A TRAIN OPERATING IN THE102 STATE, REQUIRING CERTAIN RAILR OADS TO USE WAYSIDE103 DETECTOR SYSTEMS , LIMITING THE AMOUNT OF TIME A TRAIN104 MAY OBSTRUCT PUBLIC TRAV EL AT CERTAIN CROSSINGS ,105 AUTHORIZING A CREW MEMBER 'S DESIGNATED UNION106 REPRESENTATIVE TO INVESTIGATE CERTAIN REPORTED107 INCIDENTS, AUTHORIZING THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION108 TO IMPOSE FINES FOR CERTAIN VIOLATIONS , REQUIRING FINE109 REVENUE TO BE PAID TO THE TRANSIT AND RAIL DIVISION IN THE110 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FOR THE PURPOSES OF111 MAINTAINING AND IMPROVING THE SAFETY OF A PASSENGER112 RAIL SYSTEM, REQUIRING CERTAIN RAILROADS TO CARRY113 HOUSE 3rd Reading Unamended April 5, 2024 HOUSE Amended 2nd Reading April 3, 2024 HOUSE SPONSORSHIP Mabrey and Mauro, Epps, Boesenecker, Froelich, Lindsay, Parenti, Vigil, Amabile, Bacon, Bird, Brown, Daugherty, Duran, Epps, Garcia, Hamrick, Hernandez, Herod, Joseph, Kipp, Lieder, Lindstedt, Martinez, Marvin, McCormick, Ortiz, Ricks, Rutinel, Sirota, Snyder, Story, Titone, Weissman, Willford, Woodrow, Young SENATE SPONSORSHIP Cutter and Exum, Jaquez Lewis, Priola, Winter F. Shading denotes HOUSE amendment. Double underlining denotes SENATE amendment. Capital letters or bold & italic numbers indicate new material to be added to existing law. Dashes through the words or numbers indicate deletions from existing law. INSURANCE COVERAGE IN MINIMUM AMOUNTS, AND MAKING AN101 APPROPRIATION.102 Bill Summary (Note: This summary applies to this bill as introduced and does not reflect any amendments that may be subsequently adopted. If this bill passes third reading in the house of introduction, a bill summary that applies to the reengrossed version of this bill will be available at http://leg.colorado.gov/ .) Transportation Legislation Review Committee. The bill imposes safety requirements on railroads operating trains in the state. The bill specifies that: ! The length of a train must not exceed 8,500 feet; ! With certain exceptions, railroads must operate, maintain, and report the location of wayside detector systems. A wayside detector is an electronic device or a series of devices that monitors passing trains for defects. ! A train may not obstruct a public crossing for longer than 10 minutes unless the train is continuously moving or is prevented from moving by circumstances beyond the railroad's control; ! Any crew member of a train may report to the crew member's designated union representative a safety violation, injury, or death that occurred during the operation of a train. After receiving a report of a violation, a designated union representative may enter a railroad's place of operation to investigate the report during reasonable hours and after notifying the railroad. ! The public utilities commission (PUC) may impose fines for the violation of these safety requirements or for denying a union representative's access to the railroad's place of operation. The bill requires the PUC to develop guidelines for determining, imposing, and appealing fines. The bill also creates the front range passenger rail district maintenance and safety fund (fund), which consists of money collected as fines imposed by the PUC. The fund is continuously appropriated to the state treasurer for the purpose of issuing warrants from the fund to the front range passenger rail district for safety planning and development during the research, development, and construction of a passenger rail system; maintaining a passenger rail system; and completing capital development projects to improve the safety of a passenger rail system. The bill requires that on or before July 1, 2025, and at least once 1030-2- every 3 years thereafter, each railroad offer training to each fire department having jurisdiction along tracks upon which the railroad operates in the state. The bill requires railroads that transport hazardous material in Colorado to maintain insurance coverage that is adequate to cover costs and liabilities resulting from accidents. The PUC is required to promulgate rules establishing minimum coverage amounts. Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado:1 SECTION 1. In Colorado Revised Statutes, add part 3 to article2 20 of title 40 as follows:3 PART 34 RAILROAD SAFETY5 40-20-301. Legislative declaration. (1) T HE GENERAL ASSEMBLY6 FINDS, DETERMINES, AND DECLARES THAT:7 (a) R AILROAD TRANSPORTATION IS A CRITICAL COMPONENT OF8 C OLORADO'S ECONOMY AND PROVIDES EFFICIENT AND COST -EFFECTIVE9 MOVEMENT OF GOODS ACROSS THE STATE AND BEYOND ;10 (b) P ROTECTING COLORADO'S RESIDENTS, ECOSYSTEMS, AND11 INFRASTRUCTURE FROM EXPOSURE TO HAZARDOUS MATERIALS CARRIED12 BY TRAINS IS A TOP PRIORITY OF THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY ;13 (c) T RAINS EMIT FEWER GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS THAN OTHER14 MODES OF TRANSPORTATION, INCLUDING TRUCK TRACTORS, TRAILERS, OR15 SEMITRAILERS, THEREBY MAKING TRAINS A DESIRABLE16 CLIMATE-CONSCIOUS OPTION FOR TRANSPORTING LARGE VOLUMES OF17 WEIGHT AND FOR FREIGHT MOVEMENT ;18 (d) C OLORADO'S FRAGILE ECOSYSTEMS, WEATHER EXTREMES ,19 EXTENSIVE NUMBER OF HARD-TO-MAINTAIN RAILROAD TRACK MILES, AND20 NUMBER OF COMMUNITIES THROUGH WHICH RAILROADS OPERATE21 NECESSITATE THAT THE STATE TAKE DECISIVE ACTION TO PREVENT AND22 1030-3- MITIGATE POTENTIAL HARM TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND COLORADO1 RESIDENTS FROM DERAILMENTS AND OTHER ACCIDENTS ;2 (e) R AILROAD TRACKS FREQUENTLY BISECT COMMUNITIES WITH3 POPULATIONS OF BLACK PEOPLE, INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, AND OTHER PEOPLE4 OF COLOR AND LOW-INCOME COMMUNITIES ACROSS COLORADO, MEANING5 THAT ANY DERAILMENT WILL LIKELY DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACT THOSE6 COMMUNITIES, WHICH NECESSITATES THAT COLORADO TAKE EXTRA7 PRECAUTIONS TO PREVENT DERAILMENTS ;8 (f) T HE FREQUENCY OF TRAIN ACCIDENTS INVOLVING HAZARDOUS9 MATERIALS HAS INCREASED IN THE LAST TWENTY YEARS . BEGINNING IN10 1990, RAILROADS STARTED LOBBYING FOR LESS REGULATION OF THE11 TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS , AND A REDUCTION IN12 REGULATION RESULTED IN A GREATER NUMBER OF DERAILMENTS . WHEN13 RAILROADS IMPLEMENTED PRECISION SCHEDULING TO INCREASE PROFITS14 BEGINNING IN 2010, THE NUMBER OF DERAILMENTS INVOLVING15 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY .16 (g) T HE SAFE AND EFFICIENT OPERATION OF RAILROADS REQUIRES17 SEVERAL FACTORS, INCLUDING REGULARLY MAINTAINING RAILROAD18 TRACKS AND ROLLING STOCK , APPROPRIATELY USING TECHNOLOGY TO19 DETECT AND ADDRESS MECHANICAL AND OTHER ISSUES , EMPLOYING20 EXPERIENCED AND WELL-PAID WORKERS WITH CRITICAL SKILL SETS TO21 RECOGNIZE AND AVOID ACCIDENTS , AND LIMITING THE NUMBER OF CARS22 THAT TRAINS CARRY TO ENSURE THAT TRAINS HAVE REASONABLE23 LENGTHS.24 (2) T HE GENERAL ASSEMBLY FURTHER FINDS , DETERMINES, AND25 DECLARES THAT:26 (a) L IMITING TRAIN LENGTH HELPS AVOID EXCESSIVE STRESS ON27 1030 -4- TRAIN EQUIPMENT AND RAILROAD TRACKS , ALLOWS FOR SHORTER TRAIN1 BRAKING DISTANCES, REDUCES THE NUMBER OF PER -TRAIN CRITICAL2 POINTS OF FAILURE THAT MAY EXIST, AND REDUCES THE POTENTIAL FOR3 OTHER ERRORS;4 (b) S HORTER TRAINS THAT ARE WELL MAINTAINED ARE LESS5 SUSCEPTIBLE TO DERAILMENTS, REDUCING THE RISK OF SEVERE ACCIDENTS6 INVOLVING HAZARDOUS MATERIALS OR SPILLS AND OTHER INCIDENTS7 THAT COULD POSE A THREAT TO PUBLIC SAFETY , FRAGILE ECOSYSTEMS,8 AND OTHER INFRASTRUCTURE ;9 (c) W HILE TRAIN LENGTHS MAY VARY DEPENDING ON SEVERAL10 FACTORS, INCLUDING THE TYPE OF CARGO BEING TRANSPORTED , THE11 OPERATING ENVIRONMENT , THE LENGTH OF SIDING OR PASSING TRACK12 ALONG A MAIN LINE, AND THE CONDITION OF A RAILROAD TRACK, NEITHER13 CONGRESS, NOR THE FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION , NOR THE14 A SSOCIATION OF AMERICAN RAILROADS HAS TAKEN ACTION OR SPECIFIED15 A MAXIMUM ACCEPTABLE TRAIN LENGTH ; AND16 (d) A BSENT ANY FEDERAL BODY OR OTHER AGENCY PROVIDING17 RESTRICTIONS OR GUIDANCE TO RAILROADS REGARDING A REASONABLE18 AND APPROPRIATE TRAIN LENGTH STANDARD , ESPECIALLY CONSIDERING19 C OLORADO'S HIGHLY COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES AND20 POTENTIAL FOR CATASTROPHIC ACCIDENTS , THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY21 FINDS THAT IT MUST TAKE ACTION TO SET A REASONABLE TRAIN LENGTH22 STANDARD.23 (3) T HE GENERAL ASSEMBLY FURTHER FINDS , DETERMINES, AND24 DECLARES THAT:25 (a) R AILROADS UTILIZE NUMEROUS FORMS OF AVAILABLE26 TECHNOLOGY TO DETECT AND PREVENT VARIOUS EQUIPMENT FAILURES ,27 1030 -5- INCLUDING INSTALLING WAYSIDE DETECTOR SYSTEMS ADJACENT TO A1 MAIN LINE;2 (b) T WO OF THE MOST COMMON WAYSIDE DETECTOR3 TECHNOLOGIES THAT RAILROADS CURRENTLY USE ARE HOT BEARING4 DETECTORS THAT USE INFRARED SENSORS TO MEASURE THE5 TEMPERATURES OF BEARINGS ON PASSING TRAINS AND DRAGGING6 EQUIPMENT DETECTORS THAT DETECT OBJECTS DRAGGING ALONG A7 TRACK;8 (c) U SING HOT BEARING DETECTORS AND DRAGGING EQUIPMENT9 DETECTORS AT REGULAR INTERVALS ALONG A RAILROAD TRACK CAN10 REDUCE THE RISK OF DERAILMENTS , ACCIDENTS, AND OTHER INCIDENTS11 AND PROMOTE THE SAFE AND EFFICIENT MOVEMENT OF GOODS ACROSS12 THE STATE;13 (d) T HESE WAYSIDE DETECTOR SYSTEMS ARE HIGHLY EFFECTIVE ,14 PREVENTIVE TOOLS THAT CAN ALERT RAILROAD CREWS TO PROBLEMS SO15 THEY CAN TAKE IMMEDIATE ACTION TO PREVENT ACCIDENTS OR16 DERAILMENTS;17 (e) T HE FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION RECOMMENDS BUT18 DOES NOT REQUIRE THE PLACEMENT OF HOT BEARING DETECTORS AT19 INTERVALS OF FORTY MILES, WHILE RAILROAD EXPERTS NATIONWIDE HAVE20 CALLED FOR SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER QUANTITY AND DENSITY OF HOT21 BEARING DETECTORS;22 (f) T HE FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION ALSO RECOMMENDS23 BUT DOES NOT REQUIRE THE INSTALLATION OF DRAGGING EQUIPMENT24 DETECTORS AT INTERVALS OF NO MORE THAN TWENTY -FIVE MILES ON25 RAILROAD TRACKS ON WHICH TRAINS OPERATE AT SPEEDS OF SIXTY MILES26 PER HOUR OR MORE, WHILE RAILROAD EXPERTS NATIONWIDE HAVE CALLED27 1030 -6- FOR SIGNIFICANTLY GREATER QUANTITY AND DENSITY OF DRAGGING1 EQUIPMENT DETECTORS;2 (g) T HE FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION 'S RECOMMENDED3 SPACING DISTANCES DO NOT CONSIDER THE UNIQUE AND CHALLENGING4 DYNAMICS OF OPERATING RAILROADS SAFELY IN COLORADO, DO NOT5 ADEQUATELY PREVENT ACCIDENTS AND DERAILMENTS , AND DO NOT6 PROACTIVELY PROTECT COLORADO'S RESIDENTS, COMMUNITIES, AND7 ENVIRONMENT FROM HARM ;8 (h) R AILROADS ARE NOT CURRENTLY REQUIRED TO DISCLOSE9 WHERE WAYSIDE DETECTORS ARE INSTALLED OR WHETHER THE10 DETECTORS ARE OPERATIONAL , NOR ARE THEY REQUIRED TO CONSIDER11 VARIABLE TRACK CONDITIONS IN THE PLACEMENT OF DETECTORS .12 W ITHOUT THIS INFORMATION, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY , THE PUBLIC13 UTILITIES COMMISSION, AND THE PUBLIC ARE FORCED TO RELY ONLY ON14 THE ASSERTIONS OF RAILROADS THAT THEY ARE ADEQUATELY15 MONITORING TRACKS AND TRAINS FOR PROBLEMS .16 (i) R ECENT DERAILMENTS AND ACCIDENTS ACROSS THE COUNTRY17 HAVE HIGHLIGHTED THAT RAILROADS ARE NOT ADE QUATELY MONITORING18 FOR PROBLEMS OR TAKING PREVENTIVE ACTION , THAT SEVERE INJURY TO19 INDIVIDUALS AND SEVERE DAMAGE TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND20 INFRASTRUCTURE ARE PREVENTABLE AND UNNECESSARY , AND THAT THE21 GENERAL ASSEMBLY MUST TAKE ACTION ;22 (j) T RANSPARENCY AND ACCOUNTABILITY IN RAILROAD23 OPERATIONS ARE CRITICAL TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF COLORADO'S24 RESIDENTS, PROTECT INFRASTRUCTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT , AND25 PROMOTE LONG-TERM SUSTAINABILITY OF THE STATE'S ECONOMY, AND IT26 IS NECESSARY TO REQUIRE RAILROAD COMPANIES TO ANNUALLY REPORT27 1030 -7- THE LOCATIONS OF INSTALLED WAYSIDE DETECTOR SYSTEMS AND TRAIN1 LENGTH TO THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION ; AND2 (k) A BSENT A COLORADO-SPECIFIC RECOMMENDATION FROM THE3 FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION CONCERNING THE PLACEMENT OF4 WAYWARD DETECTOR SYSTEMS , AND WITH NO RECOMMENDATION5 PENDING IN THE IMMEDIATE FUTURE, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY DEFERS TO6 THE EXPERT ADVICE OF RAILROAD OPERATORS .7 (4) T HEREFORE, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY HEREBY ENACTS THIS8 PART 3 TO:9 (a) P ROMOTE TRANSPARENCY , ACCOUNTABILITY, AND SAFETY IN10 RAILROAD OPERATIONS IN THE STATE;11 (b) L IMIT GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS;12 (c) R EDUCE THE RISK OF ACCIDENTS, DERAILMENTS, AND OTHER13 INCIDENTS ASSOCIATED WITH RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION ; AND14 (d) P ROTECT THE HEALTH AND WELL -BEING OF COLORADO'S15 RESIDENTS AND ECOSYSTEMS .16 40-20-302. Definitions. A S USED IN THIS PART 3, UNLESS THE17 CONTEXT OTHERWISE REQUIRES :18 (1) "A CCIDENT" HAS THE MEANING SET FORTH IN 49 CFR 225.5.19 (2) "C LASS II RAILROAD" HAS THE MEANING SET FORTH IN 4920 U.S.C. SEC. 20102 (1).21 (3) "C LASS III RAILROAD" HAS THE MEANING SET FORTH IN 4922 U.S.C. SEC. 20102 (1).23 (4) "D ANGEROUS GOOD" MEANS A SUBSTANCE THAT:24 (a) I S CORROSIVE, FLAMMABLE, EXPLOSIVE, SPONTANEOUSLY25 COMBUSTIBLE, OXIDIZING, OR WATER-REACTIVE;26 (b) H AS THE POTENTIAL TO CAUSE SIGNIFICANT HARM TO AN27 1030 -8- INDIVIDUAL, PROPERTY, OR THE ENVIRONMENT; AND1 (c) D OES NOT QUALIFY AS A HAZARDOUS MATERIAL AS DEFINED IN2 SUBSECTION (8) OF THIS SECTION.3 (5) "D EFECT" INCLUDES, BUT IS NOT LIMITED TO, HOT WHEEL4 BEARINGS, HOT WHEELS, DEFICIENT BEARINGS DETECTED THROUGH5 ACOUSTIC MEANS, DRAGGING OF EQUIPMENT , EXCESSIVE HEIGHT,6 EXCESSIVE WEIGHT, A SHIFTED LOAD, A LOOSE HOSE, IMPROPER RAIL7 TEMPERATURE, OR A DEFICIENT WHEEL CONDITION.8 (6) "D RAGGING EQUIPMENT DETECTOR " MEANS AN ELECTRONIC9 DEVICE OR OTHER TECHNOLOGY THAT MONITORS A PASSING TRAIN TO10 ACTIVELY DETECT AND ALERT OPERATORS OF THE TRAIN OF THE11 EXISTENCE OF ANY OBJECTS DRAGGING FROM THE TRAIN .12 (7) "F UND" MEANS THE RAIL DISTRICT MAINTENANCE AND13 SAFETY FUND CREATED IN SECTION 40-20-306.14 (8) "H AZARDOUS MATERIAL" HAS THE MEANING SET FORTH IN 4915 CFR 171.8.16 (9) "H IGHWAY-RAIL CROSSING" MEANS:17 (a) T HE POINT AT WHICH ANY PUBLIC HIGHWAY IS OR WILL BE18 CONSTRUCTED ACROSS THE TRACKS OR OTHER FACILITIES OF A RAILROAD19 AT, ABOVE, OR BELOW GRADE;20 (b) T HE POINT AT WHICH THE TRACKS OR OTHER FACILITIES OF A21 RAILROAD ARE OR MAY BE CONSTRUCTED ACROSS ANY PUBLIC HIGHWAY22 AT, ABOVE, OR BELOW GRADE;23 (c) T HE POINT AT WHICH ANY PUBLIC PATHWAY IS OR WILL BE24 CONSTRUCTED ACROSS PRIVATE TRACKS ON WHICH ANY RAILROAD MAY25 OPERATE AT, ABOVE, OR BELOW GRADE; OR26 (d) T HE POINT AT WHICH PRIVATE TRACKS OVER WHICH ANY27 1030 -9- RAILROAD MAY OPERATE ARE OR WILL BE CONSTRUCTED ACROSS ANY1 PUBLIC PATHWAY AT, ABOVE, OR BELOW GRADE.2 (10) "H OT BEARINGS DETECTOR" MEANS AN INFRARED DETECTOR3 LOCATED ALONG RAILROAD TRACKS TO DETECT AND ALERT THE4 OPERATORS OF A PASSING TRAIN TO ANY OVERHEATING OF A TRAIN 'S5 BEARINGS, AXLES, OR WHEELS.6 (11) "I NCIDENT" HAS THE MEANING SET FORTH IN 49 CFR 225.5.7 (12) "M AIN LINE" MEANS A SEGMENT OR ROUTE OF RAILROAD8 TRACKS OF ANY RAILROAD OVER WHICH FIVE MILLION OR MORE GROSS9 TONS OF RAILROAD TRAFFIC IS TRANSPORTED ANNUALLY AS DOCUMENTED10 IN TIMETABLES FILED WITH THE FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION11 PURSUANT TO 49 CFR 217.7. "MAIN LINE" DOES NOT INCLUDE TOURIST,12 SCENIC, HISTORIC, OR EXCURSION OPERATIONS AS DEFINED IN 49 CFR13 238.5.14 (13) "P ASSENGER RAIL SYSTEM" HAS THE MEANING SET FORTH IN15 SECTION 32-22-102 (9).16 (14) "P ATHWAY CROSSING" MEANS:17 (a) T HE POINT AT WHICH ANY PUBLIC PATHWAY IS OR WILL BE18 CONSTRUCTED ACROSS THE TRACKS OR OTHER FACILITIES OF A RAILROAD19 AT, ABOVE, OR BELOW GRADE;20 (b) T HE POINT AT WHICH ANY TRACKS OR OTHER FACILITIES OF A21 RAILROAD ARE OR WILL BE CONSTRUCTED ACROSS ANY PUBLIC PATHWAY22 AT, ABOVE, OR BELOW GRADE;23 (c) T HE POINT AT WHICH ANY PUBLIC PATHWAY IS OR WILL BE24 CONSTRUCTED ACROSS PRIVATE TRACKS OVER WHICH ANY RAILROAD MAY25 OPERATE AT, ABOVE, OR BELOW GRADE; OR26 (d) T HE POINT AT WHICH PRIVATE TRACKS OVER WHICH ANY27 1030 -10- RAILROAD MAY OPERATE ARE OR WILL BE CONSTRUCTED ACROSS ANY1 PUBLIC PATHWAY AT, ABOVE, OR BELOW GRADE.2 (15) "P UBLIC CROSSING" MEANS A HIGHWAY-RAIL CROSSING OR3 PATHWAY CROSSING WHERE THE HIGHWAY OR PATHWAY ON BOTH SIDES4 OF THE CROSSING IS UNDER THE JURISDICTION OF OR IS MAINTAINED BY A5 STATE OR LOCAL ROAD AUTHORITY AND IS OPEN TO PUBLIC TRAVEL .6 (16) "P UBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION" MEANS THE PUBLIC UTILITIES7 COMMISSION CREATED IN SECTION 40-2-101.8 (17) "R AILROAD" MEANS A PERSON PROVIDING RAILROAD9 TRANSPORTATION.10 (18) "R AILROAD TRANSPORTATION " MEANS ANY FORM OF11 NONHIGHWAY GROUND TRANSPORTATION THAT RUNS ON RAILS OR12 ELECTROMAGNETIC GUIDEWAYS . "RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION" DOES NOT13 INCLUDE RAPID TRANSIT OPERATIONS, PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION, RAIL14 FIXED GUIDEWAY OPERATIONS , OR COMMUTER PASSENGER RAIL THAT :15 (a) IS IN AN URBAN OR A SUBURBAN AREA ; AND16 (b) IS NOT CONNECTED TO A GENERAL OR AN INTERSTATE17 RAILROAD SYSTEM.18 (19) "SIDING" HAS THE MEANING SET FORTH IN 49 CFR 218.93.19 (20) "TRAIN" MEANS A LOCOMOTIVE UNIT OR LOCOMOTIVE UNITS ,20 WITH OR WITHOUT CARS, THAT REQUIRE AN AIR BRAKE TEST PURSUANT TO21 49 CFR 232 AND 49 CFR 238.22 (21) "WAYSIDE DETECTOR" MEANS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE OR A23 SERIES OF CONNECTED DEVICES THAT MONITORS A PASSING TRAIN TO24 DETERMINE WHETHER THE TRAIN HAS A DEFECT , INCLUDING A HOT25 BEARINGS DETECTOR AND A DRAGGING EQUIPMENT DETECTOR .26 40-20-303. Maximum train length - wayside detector system27 1030 -11- required - exceptions - report - length of obstruction at public1 crossing. (1) A RAILROAD SHALL NOT OPERATE A TRAIN THAT HAS A2 LENGTH GREATER THAN EIGHT THOUSAND FIVE HUNDRED FEET ON ANY3 MAIN LINE IN THE STATE.4 (2) E XCEPT AS DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (3) OF THIS SECTION:5 (a) ON OR BEFORE JULY 1, 2026, AND THEREAFTER, A RAILROAD6 OPERATING A TRAIN ON ANY MAIN LINE IN THE STATE SHALL HAVE AN7 OPERATIONAL AND PROPERLY MAINTAINED WAYSIDE DETECTOR SYSTEM .8 A LONG EACH MAIN LINE, THE WAYSIDE DETECTOR SYSTEM MUST HAVE A9 HOT BEARINGS DETECTOR AND A DRAGGING EQUIPMENT DETECTOR10 INSTALLED AT LEAST EVERY TEN MILES ; EXCEPT THAT THE WAYSIDE11 DETECTOR SYSTEM MAY HAVE A HOT BEARINGS DETECTOR AND A12 DRAGGING EQUIPMENT DETECTOR INSTALLED AT LEAST EVERY FIFTEEN13 MILES IF THE NATURAL TERRAIN REQUIRES THE INCREASED DISTANCE .14 (b) O N OR BEFORE JANUARY 1, 2025, AND ON OR BEFORE JANUARY15 1 OF EACH YEAR THEREAFTER, A RAILROAD OPERATING A TRAIN ON ANY16 MAIN LINE IN THE STATE SHALL SUBMIT TO THE PUBLIC UTILITIES17 COMMISSION A REPORT THAT DISCLOSES , AT A MINIMUM, THE FOLLOWING18 INFORMATION:19 (I) T HE NEAREST MILEPOST NUMBER , LATITUDE AND LONGITUDE20 COORDINATES, OR OTHER ATTRIBUTE THAT SPECIFICALLY IDENTIFIES THE21 LOCATION OF EACH INSTALLED WAYSIDE DETECTOR SYSTEM ;22 (II) T HE TYPE AND CHARACTERISTIC OF EACH INSTALLED WAYSIDE23 DETECTOR SYSTEM;24 (III) T HE OPERATIONAL STATUS OF ALL INSTALLED HOT BEARINGS25 DETECTORS AND DRAGGING EQUIPMENT DETECTORS ; AND26 (IV) A NY OTHER INFORMATION REGARDING WAYSIDE DETECTOR27 1030 -12- SYSTEMS THAT THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION DEEMS NECESSARY .1 (c) A FTER A TRAIN RECEIVES A DEFECT MESSAGE FROM A WAYSIDE2 DETECTOR SYSTEM, THE RAILROAD OPERATING THE TRAIN SHALL :3 (I) S TOP THE TRAIN IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE RAILROAD 'S4 APPLICABLE SAFETY PROCEDURES ;5 (II) I NSPECT THE LOCATION OF THE DEFECT FROM A POSITION ON6 THE GROUND;7 (III) I F THE INSPECTION INDICATES THAT THE TRAIN IS SAFE FOR8 MOVEMENT, PROCEED ALONG THE TRAIN 'S ROUTE AT A SPEED NOT9 GREATER THAN TEN MILES PER HOUR IF THE TRAIN IS CARRYING A10 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL OR DANGEROUS GOOD OR AT A SPEED OF NOT11 GREATER THAN THIRTY MILES PER HOUR IF THE TRAIN IS NOT CARRYING A12 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL OR DANGEROUS GOOD ;13 (IV) R EMOVE AND SET OUT ANY DEFECTIVE CAR AT THE EARLIEST14 OPPORTUNITY;15 (V) RESUME AUTHORIZED SPEED ONLY AFTER THE NEXT WORKING16 WAYSIDE DETECTOR INDICATES THAT THERE ARE NO LONGER ANY17 DEFECTS;18 (VI) PREPARE A WRITTEN INSPECTION REPORT ; AND19 (VII) PROVIDE THE WRITTEN INSPECTION REPORT TO THE20 APPROPRIATE RAILROAD OFFICIAL.21 (3) S UBSECTION (2) OF THIS SECTION DOES NOT APPLY TO A CLASS22 II RAILROAD OR CLASS III RAILROAD UNLESS THE RAILROAD IS23 TRANSPORTING HAZARDOUS MATERIAL AT A SPEED EXCEEDING TEN MILES24 PER HOUR.25 (4) (a) EXCEPT FOR TRAINS OR EQUIPMENT STOPPED DUE TO26 MECHANICAL FAILURE WHERE SEPARATION OR MOVEMENT IS NOT27 1030 -13- POSSIBLE, ANY TRAIN OR EQUIPMENT OPERATING ON A MAIN LINE OR1 SIDING IN THE STATE SHALL BE OPERATED IN SUCH A MANNER AS TO2 MINIMIZE OBSTRUCTION OF EMERGENCY VEHICLES AT HIGHWAY-RAIL3 CROSSINGS. WHERE SUCH OBSTRUCTION OCCURS AND THE TRAIN CREW IS4 AWARE OF THE OBSTRUCTION, THE TRAIN CREW SHALL IMMEDIATELY TAKE5 ANY ACTION, CONSISTENT WITH SAFE OPERATING PROCEDURES ,6 NECESSARY TO CLEAR THE HIGHWAY -RAIL CROSSING.7 (b) UPON THE APPROACH OF AN EMERGENCY VEHICLE, IF THE8 EMERGENCY VEHICLE GIVES WARNING OF ITS APPROACH BY THE SOUNDING9 OF SIRENS, FLASHING OF LIGHTS, WAVING OF A FLAG, OR ANY OTHER10 WARNING SUFFICIENT TO ATTRACT ATTENTION TO THE EMERGENCY11 VEHICLE, THE TRAIN CREW SHALL SEPARATE THE TRAIN OR EQUIPMENT12 AND CLEAR THE CROSSING WITH ALL POSSIBLE DISPATCH TO PERMIT THE13 EMERGENCY VEHICLE TO PASS.14 (c) AS USED IN THIS SUBSECTION (4), "EMERGENCY VEHICLE"15 MEANS:16 (I) AN AMBULANCE OPERATED BY A PUBLIC AUTHORITY OR BY A17 PRIVATE PERSON;18 (II) A FIRE ENGINE;19 (III) A VEHICLE OPERATED BY A POWER COMPANY, ELECTRIC20 COMPANY, OR OTHER PUBLIC UTILITY;21 (IV) A VEHICLE USED FOR EMERGENCY PURPOSES BY THE FEDERAL22 GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES; OR23 (V) ANY OTHER VEHICLE THAT IS BEING OPERATED FOR THE24 PURPOSE OF SAVING LIFE OR PROPERTY OR RESPONDING TO ANY PUBLIC25 PERIL.26 40-20-304. Reporting violation to union representative -27 1030 -14- investigation - permission to enter. (1) A CREW MEMBER OF A TRAIN1 OPERATED BY A RAILROAD IN THE STATE MAY REPORT TO THE CREW2 MEMBER'S DESIGNATED UNION REPRESENTATIVE :3 (a) A VIOLATION OF ANY OF THE SAFETY REQUIREMENTS SPECIFIED4 IN THIS PART 3;5 (b) A N INJURY THE CREW MEMBER OR ANOTHER CREW MEMBER6 SUSTAINED WHILE OPERATING A TRAIN ON ANY TRACK IN CONNECTION7 WITH RAILROAD TRANSPORTATION IN THE STATE ; OR8 (c) A DEATH THAT OCCURRED DURING THE OPERATION OF A TRAIN .9 (2) A DESIGNATED UNION REPRESENTATIVE RECEIVING A REPORT10 PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION SHALL HAVE THE ABILITY11 TO ENTER A RAILROAD'S INCIDENT SITE TO INVESTIGATE THE INCIDENT.12 BEFORE ENTERING, THE DESIGNATED UNION REPRESENTATIVE SHALL GIVE13 REASONABLE NOTICE TO THE APPROPRIATE RAILROAD OFFICER .14 40-20-305. Violations - penalties - rules. (1) I F A RAILROAD OR15 ANY OFFICER, AGENT, OR EMPLOYEE OF THE RAILROAD VIOLATES SECTION16 40-20-303 OR, BY DENYING ENTRY TO A PLACE OF OPERATION , SECTION17 40-20-304 (2), THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION MAY IMPOSE A FINE OF18 NOT LESS THAN TEN THOUSAND DOLLARS BUT NOT MORE THAN19 TWENTY-FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS ON THE RAILROAD . EACH DAY OF A20 CONTINUING VIOLATION CONSTITUTES A SEPARATE VIOLATION .21 (2) N OTWITHSTANDING SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION, THE22 PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION MAY IMPOSE A FINE OF UP TO ONE HUNDRED23 THOUSAND DOLLARS PER VIOLATION IF THE COMMISSION FINDS :24 (a) T HE RAILROAD INTENTIONALLY OR KNOWINGLY VIOLATED25 SECTION 40-20-303 OR 40-20-304 (2); OR26 (b) T HE RAILROAD'S VIOLATION WAS PART OF A PATTERN AND27 1030 -15- PRACTICE OF REPEATED VIOLATIONS OF SECTION 40-20-303 OR 40-20-3041 (2).2 (3) T HE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION SHALL TRANSFER ALL FINES3 COLLECTED PURSUANT TO SUBSECTIONS (1) AND (2) OF THIS SECTION TO4 THE STATE TREASURER, WHO SHALL CREDIT THE FINES TO THE FUND.5 (4) T HE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION SHALL PROMULGATE RULES6 FOR THE DETERMINATION, IMPOSITION, AND APPEAL OF FINES UNDER THIS7 SECTION.8 40-20-306. Rail district maintenance and safety fund - created.9 (1) THE RAIL DISTRICT MAINTENANCE AND SAFETY F UND IS HEREBY10 CREATED IN THE STATE TREASURY . THE FUND CONSISTS OF ANY MONEY11 CREDITED TO THE FUND PURSUANT TO SECTION 40-20-305 (3) AND ANY12 OTHER MONEY THAT THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY MAY APPROPRIATE OR13 TRANSFER TO THE FUND.14 (2) T HE STATE TREASURER SHALL CREDIT ALL INTEREST AND15 INCOME DERIVED FROM THE DEPOSIT AND INVESTMENT OF MONEY IN THE16 FUND TO THE FUND.17(3) FOR THE 2025-26 STATE FISCAL YEAR AND EACH STATE FISCAL18 YEAR THEREAFTER, MONEY IN THE FUND IS ANNUALLY APPROPRIATED TO19 THE TRANSIT AND RAIL DIVISION IN THE DEPARTMENT OF20 TRANSPORTATION. THE DIVISION MAY EXPEND THE MONEY RECEIVED FOR21 THE PURPOSES OF:22 (a) S AFETY PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT DURING THE RESEARCH ,23 DEVELOPMENT, AND CONSTRUCTION OF A PASSENGER RAIL SYSTEM ;24 (b) M AINTAINING A PASSENGER RAIL SYSTEM ; AND25 (c) C OMPLETING CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS TO IMPROVE26 THE SAFETY OF A PASSENGER RAIL SYSTEM .27 1030 -16- 40-20-307. Training - rules. (1) O N OR BEFORE JULY 1, 2025,1 AND AT LEAST ONCE EVERY THREE YEARS THEREAFTER , EACH RAILROAD2 SHALL OFFER TRAINING TO EACH FIRE DEPARTMENT HAVING JURISDICTION3 ALONG TRACKS UPON WHICH THE RAILROAD OPERATES IN THE STATE . IN4 SATISFYING THIS REQUIREMENT, A RAILROAD MAY OFFER SUCH TRAINING5 SIMULTANEOUSLY TO MORE THAN ONE FIRE DEPARTMENT .6 (2) T HE TRAINING DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (1) OF THIS SECTION7 MUST:8 (a) A DDRESS THE GENERAL HAZARDS OF DANGEROUS GOODS AND9 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS , TECHNIQUES TO ASSESS RISKS POSED TO THE10 ENVIRONMENT AND TO THE SAFETY OF EMERGENCY RESPONDERS AND THE11 PUBLIC, FACTORS AN INCIDENT COMMANDER MUST CONSIDER IN12 DETERMINING WHETHER TO A TTEMPT TO SUPPRESS A FIRE OR TO13 EVACUATE THE PUBLIC AND EMERGENCY RESPONDERS FROM AN AREA ,14 PUBLIC NOTIFICATION PROCESSES , ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION15 RESPONSE, RESOURCE COORDINATION, AND OTHER STRATEGIES FOR16 INITIAL RESPONSE BY EMERGENCY RESPONDERS ; AND17 (b) I NCLUDE SAFETY DRILLS THAT IMPLEMENT SUGGESTED18 PROTOCOLS OR PRACTICES FOR EMERGENCY RESPONDERS TO USE TO19 SAFELY ACCOMPLISH THE TASK S DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (2)(a) OF THIS20SECTION. EACH RAILROAD OPERATING TRAINS IN COLORADO SHALL21 CONDUCT AT LEAST ONE OIL CONTAINMENT, RECOVERY, AND SENSITIVE22 AREA PROTECTION WALKTHROUGH; TABLETOP EXERCISE; OR FUNCTIONAL23 EXERCISE INVOLVING OIL OR HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES EVERY YEAR, AND24 AT LEAST ONE FULL-SCALE EXERCISE EVERY FIVE YEARS , IN25 COORDINATION WITH LOCAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT ORGANIZATIONS26 AND LOCAL FIRE CHIEFS.27 1030 -17- (3) THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION SHALL PROMULGATE RULES1 FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS SECTION, INCLUDING RULES2 CONCERNING TRAINING CONTENT, SAFETY DRILLS, COMMUNICATION, AND3 RAILROAD INCIDENT RESPONSE REQUIREMENTS .4 40-20-308. Insurance coverage required - rules - investigations5 - public hearings - violations - fines. (1) I N ADDITION TO ANY6 INSURANCE COVERAGE REQUIRED BY ANY PROVISION OF LAW , A RAILROAD7 THAT TRANSPORTS HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN COLORADO SHALL MAINTAIN8 INSURANCE COVERAGE IN AN AMOUNT THAT IS ADEQUATE TO PAY FOR9 COSTS, DAMAGES, AND LIABILITIES ARISING FROM ACCIDENTS INVOLVING10 SUCH TRANSPORTATION. A RAILROAD SHALL MAINTAIN THE INSURANCE11 COVERAGE IN THE MINIMUM AMOUNTS AS ARE REQUIRED BY RULES12 PROMULGATED BY THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION PURSUANT TO13 SUBSECTION (3) OF THIS SECTION.14 (2) O N OR BEFORE JANUARY 1, 2025, AND ON OR BEFORE EACH15 J ANUARY 1 THEREAFTER, EACH RAILROAD THAT TRANSPORTS HAZAR DOUS16 MATERIAL IN COLORADO SHALL SUBMIT TO THE PUBLIC UTILITIES17 COMMISSION A CERTIFICATE OF INSURANCE OR SIMILAR DOCUMENTATION18 THAT DEMONSTRATES THE RAILROAD 'S COMPLIANCE WITH THIS SECTION19 AND RULES PROMULGATED PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION .20 (3) O N OR BEFORE NOVEMBER 1, 2024, THE PUBLIC UTILITIES21 COMMISSION SHALL PROMULGATE RULES ESTABLISHING MINIMUM22 INSURANCE COVERAGE REQUIREMENTS FOR RAILROADS THAT TRANSPORT23 HAZARDOUS MATERIAL IN COLORADO, AS DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (1)24 OF THIS SECTION. IN ESTABLISHING THE REQUIREMENTS , THE PUBLIC25 UTILITIES COMMISSION SHALL CONSIDER THE TYPE AND QUANTITY OF26 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS TRANSPORTED , THE ROUTES USED, AND OTHER27 1030 -18- RELEVANT RISK FACTORS.1 (4) T HE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION SHALL CONDUCT PERIODIC2 AUDITS OR INVESTIGATIONS TO ENSURE EACH RAILROAD 'S COMPLIANCE3 WITH THE INSURANCE REQUIREMENTS DESCRIBED IN THIS SECTION .4 (5) A T LEAST ONCE EACH YEAR, THE PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION5 SHALL HOLD A PUBLIC HEARING AT WHICH INTERESTED STAKEHOLDERS6 AND MEMBERS OF THE PUBLIC MAY PROVIDE COMMENTS CONCERNING THE7 IMPLEMENTATION OF THIS SECTION.8 (6) A RAILROAD THAT VIOLATES THIS SECTION IS SUBJECT TO A9 FINE IN AN AMOUNT OF AT LEAST ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS , BUT NOT10 EXCEEDING FIVE THOUSAND DOLLARS , FOR EACH DAY OF11 NONCOMPLIANCE.12 40-20-309. Severability. IF ANY PROVISION OF THIS PART 3 OR THE13 APPLICATION OF THIS PART 3 TO ANY PERSON OR CIRCUMSTANCE IS HELD14 INVALID, SUCH INVALIDITY DOES NOT AFFECT OTHER PROVISIONS OR15 APPLICATIONS OF THIS PART 3 THAT CAN BE GIVEN EFFECT WITHOUT THE16 INVALID PROVISION OR APPLICATION, AND TO THIS END THE PROVISIONS OF17 THIS PART 3 ARE DECLARED TO BE SEVERABLE.18 SECTION 2. Appropriation. (1) For the 2024-25 state fiscal19 year, $11,651 is appropriated to the department of regulatory agencies for20 use by the public utilities commission. This appropriation is from the21 general fund. To implement this act, the commission may use this22 appropriation as follows:23 (a) $11,523 for personal services, which amount is based on an24 assumption that the commission will require an additional 0.1 FTE; and25 (b) $128 for operating expenses.26 SECTION 3. Effective date. This act takes effect July 1, 2024.27 1030 -19- SECTION 4. Safety clause. The general assembly finds,1 determines, and declares that this act is necessary for the immediate2 preservation of the public peace, health, or safety or for appropriations for3 the support and maintenance of the departments of the state and state4 institutions.5 1030 -20-