Colorado 2025 Regular Session

Colorado House Bill HB1283 Compare Versions

OldNewDifferences
11 First Regular Session
22 Seventy-fifth General Assembly
33 STATE OF COLORADO
4-REREVISED
5-This Version Includes All Amendments
6-Adopted in the Second House
4+REVISED
5+This Version Includes All Amendments Adopted
6+on Second Reading in the Second House
77 LLS NO. 25-0281.01 Jery Payne x2157
88 HOUSE BILL 25-1283
99 House Committees Senate Committees
1010 Agriculture, Water & Natural Resources Agriculture & Natural Resources
1111 A BILL FOR AN ACT
1212 C
1313 ONCERNING MEASURES THAT IMPLEMENT THE WILD HORSE WORKING101
1414 GROUP'S LEGISLATIVE RECOMMENDATIONS .102
1515 Bill Summary
1616 (Note: This summary applies to this bill as introduced and does
1717 not reflect any amendments that may be subsequently adopted. If this bill
1818 passes third reading in the house of introduction, a bill summary that
1919 applies to the reengrossed version of this bill will be available at
2020 http://leg.colorado.gov
2121 .)
2222 The wild horse working group is given the duty in statute to study
2323 wild horse management in Colorado and make recommendations. The
2424 group has made a report with its preliminary recommendations. The bill
2525 adds many of these recommendations in the wild horse statutes.
2626 Under current law, the wild horse project is a nonprofit,
2727 state-owned corporate entity that manages and operates programs
2828 SENATE
29-3rd Reading Unamended
30-April 21, 2025
31-SENATE
3229 Amended 2nd Reading
3330 April 17, 2025
3431 HOUSE
3532 3rd Reading Unamended
3633 March 19, 2025
3734 HOUSE
3835 Amended 2nd Reading
3936 March 17, 2025
4037 HOUSE SPONSORSHIP
4138 Duran and Winter T., Bacon, Bird, Brown, Hamrick, Lieder, Lindsay, Lukens, Mauro,
4239 McCormick, Ricks, Sirota, Smith, Stewart K., Willford
4340 SENATE SPONSORSHIP
44-Marchman and Liston, Jodeh, Michaelson Jenet
41+Marchman and Liston,
4542 Shading denotes HOUSE amendment. Double underlining denotes SENATE amendment.
4643 Capital letters or bold & italic numbers indicate new material to be added to existing law.
4744 Dashes through the words or numbers indicate deletions from existing law. benefitting wild horses and supports wild horse management. The bill
4845 repeals the wild horse project and transfers the statutory duties concerning
4946 wild horses to the department of agriculture (department). The bill repeals
5047 and replaces the wild horse stewardship program and the wild horse
5148 fertility program with support efforts managed by the department and
5249 with an immunocontraception program managed by the department.
5350 The bill authorizes the department to provide
5451 immunocontraception and material support in herd management areas to
5552 keep wild horse populations at appropriate management levels. The
5653 material support may include:
5754 ! Using state employees or contracting with others to
5855 administer immunocontraception;
5956 ! Providing funding to or administrative support to other
6057 state agencies, federal agencies, and nonprofit entities to
6158 hire employees or contract with agents to administer
6259 immunocontraception;
6360 ! Coordinating events where immunocontraception is
6461 administered;
6562 ! Buying or funding the purchase of equipment or
6663 technology; and
6764 ! Coordinating with educational institutions to provide
6865 training, certification, or internships to individuals
6966 administering immunocontraception.
7067 The department may primarily address federally protected wild
7168 horses but may also address other wild horses.
7269 The department may, when reasonable and effective:
7370 ! Expand efforts to engage nonprofit organizations and
7471 foundations that are not normally associated with wild
7572 horse advocacy organizations;
7673 ! Engage individuals and businesses for funding, promotion,
7774 and education using iconic wild horse imagery; and
7875 ! Develop a logo and brand.
7976 The department may provide staff, resources, or information to:
8077 ! Develop a system of shared equipment and staff expertise
8178 to loan out;
8279 ! Develop training programs and certifications;
8380 ! Cooperate with the federal bureau of land management to
8481 develop additional training, holding, or adoption
8582 opportunities; and
8683 ! Cooperate with the department of corrections to create and
8784 expand opportunities for people confined in a correctional
8885 facility.
8986 The bill creates a wild horse advisory committee. The wild horse
9087 advisory committee has the same makeup as the current wild horse
9188 working group, but legislative appointments are changed to at large
9289 1283
9390 -2- appointment and the mandatory appointments are made by the
9491 commissioner of agriculture. The advisory committee will meet at least
9592 once every year and may have additional meetings as necessary. The
9693 advisory committee shall advise the commissioner of agriculture and the
9794 department concerning:
9895 ! Financial and material support for wild horse adopters,
9996 sanctuaries, preserves, and refuges;
10097 ! The content and delivery of outreach, education, training,
10198 and certification;
10299 ! Working with the federal bureau of land management and
103100 wild horse preserves, sanctuaries, and refuges to coordinate
104101 the movement of wild horses off herd management areas
105102 and other lands into temporary holding, adoption events,
106103 and other options;
107104 ! Coordinating or assisting with compliance checks to ensure
108105 that adopted wild horses are well cared for and that wild
109106 horse adopters have the support needed to successfully care
110107 for wild horses;
111108 ! Coordinating and cooperating with other entities to ensure
112109 comprehensive information about adoption and adoption
113110 success is widely publicized and is available to the public;
114111 and
115112 ! Any different or additional scientifically proven
116113 immunocontraceptive fertility control method the
117114 department may consider using.
118115 The wild horse advisory committee sunsets on September 1, 2030,
119116 which is in 5 years. Before the repeal, the advisory committee is
120117 scheduled for sunset review.
121118 Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado:1
122119 SECTION 1. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 35-1-119, repeal (2)2
123120 as follows:3
124121 35-1-119. Wild horse population management. (2) This section
125122 4
126123 is repealed, effective December 31, 2025.5
127124 SECTION 2. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 35-66-101, amend6
128125 (6); and repeal (4), (5), (7), and (9) as follows:7
129126 35-66-101. Definitions. As used in this article 66, unless the8
130127 context otherwise requires:9
131128 1283-3- (4) "Director" means the director of the wild horse project.1
132129 (5) "Fertility control program" means the wild horse fertility2
133130 control program created in section 35-66-107 (1).3
134131 (6) "Fund" means the wild horse project fund created in section4
135132 35-66-104 (1).5
136133 (7) "Stewardship program" means the wild horse stewardship6
137134 program created in section 35-66-106 (1).7
138135 (9) "Wild horse project" means the Colorado wild horse project8
139136 created in section 35-66-102 (1).9
140137 SECTION 3. In Colorado Revised Statutes, repeal 35-66-102,10
141138 35-66-106, and 35-66-107.11
142139 SECTION 4. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 35-66-103, amend12
143140 (1) as follows:13
144141 35-66-103. Wild horse management report - repeal. (1) On or14
145142 before January 31, 2024, and on or before January 31 of each year15
146143 thereafter, the department shall submit a written report to the governor16
147144 and the appropriate committees of reference as determined in accordance17
148145 with section 2-7-203 (1). The department shall also present the report to18
149146 the appropriate joint committee of reference, in accordance with section19
150147 2-7-203 (2), as part of the department's "SMART Act" hearing. The20
151148 report must include a description of the money spent, grants made, and21
152149 actions taken to implement this article 66, including the number of horses22
153150 treated, under the fertility control program, the number of foals born the23
154151 prior year in each herd management area, and the actions taken and24
155152 accomplished in accordance with the stewardship program THIS ARTICLE25
156153 66.26
157154 SECTION 5. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 35-66-104, amend27
158155 1283
159156 -4- (1)(b) and (4); and repeal (2)(b)(II) as follows:1
160157 35-66-104. Wild horse fund - legislative declaration - repeal.2
161158 (1) (b) The wild horse project fund is created in the state treasury. The3
162159 fund consists of gifts, grants, and donations; payments from the federal4
163160 government in connection with assisting in the management of wild5
164161 horses; and any other money that the general assembly may appropriate6
165162 or transfer to the fund.7
166163 8
167164 (2) (b) (II) This subsection (2)(b) will be repealed when the9
168165 department creates the wild horse project. The commissioner shall notify10
169166 the revisor of statutes in writing of the date on which the condition11
170167 specified in this subsection (2)(b) has occurred by e-mailing the notice to12
171168 revisorofstatutes.ga@coleg.gov. This subsection (2)(b) is repealed,13
172169 effective upon the date identified in the notice that the department has14
173170 created the wild horse project or, if the notice does not specify that date,15
174171 upon the date of the notice to the revisor of statutes.16
175172 (4) The wild horse project DEPARTMENT may seek and accept17
176173 gifts, grants, or donations from private or public sources for the purposes18
177174 of
178175 SECTION 35-1-119 AND this article 66. The wild horse project shall
179176 19
180177 transmit all money received as gifts, grants, or donations under this20
181178 subsection (4) to The state treasurer who shall credit the money GIFT,21
182179 GRANT, OR DONATION to the fund.22
183180 SECTION 6. In Colorado Revised Statutes, add 35-66-108,23
184181 35-66-109, and 35-66-110 as follows:24
185182 35-66-108. Wild horse fertility - immunocontraception - grants25
186183 - annual reporting. (1) T
187184 HE DEPARTMENT MAY IMPLEMENT AN26
188185 IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION PROGRAM . THE DEPARTMENT MAY PROVIDE27
189186 1283
190187 -5- STAFF AND MATERIAL SUPPORT FOR IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION FOR WILD1
191188 HORSES IN HERD MANAGEMENT AREAS TO KEEP WILD HORSE POPULATIONS2
192189 AT THE DESIGNATED APPROPRIATE MANAGEMENT LEVELS IN EACH HERD3
193190 MANAGEMENT AREA . THE DEPARTMENT MAY CONSIDER USING DIFFERENT4
194191 OR ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFICALLY PROVEN IMMUNOCONTRACEPTIVE5
195192 FERTILITY CONTROL METHODS AFTER CONSULTING WITH THE WILD HORSE6
196193 ADVISORY COMMITTEE. THE MATERIAL SUPPORT MAY INCLUDE :7
197194 (a) U
198195 SING STATE EMPLOYEES TO OR CONTRACTING WITH AGENTS8
199196 TO ADMINISTER IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION ;9
200197 (b) P
201198 ROVIDING FUNDING TO OR ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT TO10
202199 OTHER STATE AGENCIES, FEDERAL AGENCIES, AND NONPROFIT ENTITIES TO11
203200 HIRE EMPLOYEES OR CONTRACT WITH AGENTS TO ADMINISTER12
204201 IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION ;13
205202 (c) C
206203 OORDINATING EVENTS WHERE IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION IS14
207204 ADMINISTERED;15
208205 (d) B
209206 UYING OR FUNDING THE PURCHASE OF EQUIPMENT , SUCH AS16
210207 VEHICLES, OR TECHNOLOGY, SUCH AS EQUINE FACIAL RECOGNITION17
211208 SOFTWARE, TO SUPPORT IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION ; AND18
212209 (e) C
213210 OORDINATING WITH EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS TO PROVIDE19
214211 TRAINING OF, CERTIFICATION OF, OR INTERNSHIPS TO INDIVIDUALS20
215212 ADMINISTERING IMMUNOCONTRACEPTION .21
216213 35-66-109. Duties and powers. (1) T
217214 HE DEPARTMENT MAY22
218215 PRIMARILY ADDRESS FEDERALLY PROTECTED WILD HORSES BUT MAY ALSO23
219216 ADDRESS NONFEDERALLY PROTECTED WILD HORSES .24
220217 (2) T
221218 O IMPLEMENT THIS ARTICLE 66, THE DEPARTMENT MAY, WHEN25
222219 REASONABLE AND EFFECTIVE :26
223220 (a) E
224221 XPAND EFFORTS TO ENGAGE NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AND27
225222 1283
226223 -6- FOUNDATIONS, SUCH AS COMMUNITY FOUNDATIONS AND VETERANS '1
227224 ORGANIZATIONS, THAT ARE NOT NORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH WILD2
228225 HORSE ADVOCACY ORGANIZATIONS ;3
229226 (b) E
230227 NGAGE INDIVIDUALS AND BUSINESSES FOR FUNDING ,4
231228 PROMOTION, AND EDUCATION THROUGH HORSE SPONSORSHIPS THAT5
232229 LICENSE, LEVERAGE, OR USE ICONIC WILD HORSE IMAGERY; AND6
233230 (c) D
234231 EVELOP AN ENGAGING LOGO AND BRAND TO EMOTIONALLY7
235232 AND FINANCIALLY CONNECT THE PUBLIC AND POTENTIAL SUPPORTERS TO8
236233 THE PURPOSES DESCRIBED IN THIS ARTICLE 66.9
237234 (3) T
238235 HE DEPARTMENT MAY PROVIDE STAFF , RESOURCES, OR10
239236 INFORMATION TO:11
240237 (a) D
241238 EVELOP A SYSTEM OF SHARED EQUIPMENT AND STAFF12
242239 EXPERTISE TO LOAN TO PRIVATE ADOPTERS , SANCTUARIES, PRESERVES,13
243240 AND REFUGES;14
244241 (b) D
245242 EVELOP TRAINING PROGRAMS AND CERTIFICATIONS FOR15
246243 HORSE TRAINERS TO ASSIST IN MAKING HORSES MORE ADOPTABLE AND IN16
247244 TRAINING PEOPLE TO BE SUCCESSFUL HORSE ADOPTERS ;17
248245 (c) C
249246 OOPERATE WITH THE BUREAU TO DEVELOP ADDITIONAL18
250247 TRAINING, HOLDING, OR ADOPTION OPPORTUNITIES; AND19
251248 (d) C
252249 OOPERATE WITH THE DEPARTMENT OF CORRECTIONS TO20
253250 CREATE AND EXPAND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INDIVIDUALS CONFINED IN A21
254251 CORRECTIONAL FACILITY TO HELP THE DEPARTMENT IMPLEMENT THIS22
255252 ARTICLE 66.23
256253 35-66-110. Wild horse advisory committee - membership -24
257254 definition - repeal - subject to review. (1) A
258255 S USED IN THIS SECTION,25
259256 "
260257 ADVISORY COMMITTEE" MEANS THE WILD HORSE ADVISORY COMMITTEE26
261258 CREATED IN SUBSECTION (2) OF THIS SECTION.27
262259 1283
263260 -7- (2) THE WILD HORSE ADVISORY COMMITTEE IS CREATED IN THE1
264261 DEPARTMENT TO ADVISE THE COMMISSIONER AND THE DEPARTMENT ON2
265262 ISSUES CONCERNING WILD HORSES IN COLORADO BEGINNING ON JULY 1,3
266263 2026.4
267264 (3) T
268265 HE ADVISORY COMMITTEE CONSISTS OF AT LEAST FOURTEEN5
269266 MEMBERS, INCLUDING THE FOLLOWING REPRESENTATION :6
270267 (a) T
271268 HE COMMISSIONER SHALL APPOINT :7
272269 (I) A
273270 REPRESENTATIVE OF THE GOVERNOR 'S OFFICE;8
274271 (II) A
275272 REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL9
276273 RESOURCES;10
277274 (III) A
278275 REPRESENTATIVE OF THE COLORADO TOURISM OFFICE;11
279276 (IV) A
280277 REPRESENTATIVE OF THE DEPARTMENT ;12
281278 (V) A
282279 N AT-LARGE REPRESENTATIVE, APPOINTED
283280 IN CONSULTATION13
284281 WITH THE MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE AND THE MAJORITY LEADER14
285282 OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ;15
286283 (VI) A
287284 N AT-LARGE REPRESENTATIVE , APPOINTED
288285 IN16
289286 CONSULTATION WITH THE MINORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE AND THE17
290287 MINORITY LEADER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ;18
291288 (VII) T
292289 WO REPRESENTATIVES OF NONPROFIT ADVOCACY19
293290 ORGANIZATIONS THAT ADVOCATE FOR WILD
294291 HORSES, APPOINTED IN20
295292 CONSULTATION WITH THE MAJORITY LEADER OF THE HOUSE OF21
296293 REPRESENTATIVES;22
297294 (VIII) A
298295 RESIDENT OF THE WESTERN
299296 SLOPE, APPOINTED IN23
300297 CONSULTATION WITH THE MINORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE ;24
301298 (IX) A
302299 REPRESENTATIVE OF A NONPROFIT ENVIRONMENTAL25
303300 CONSERVATION
304301 ORGANIZATION, APPOINTED IN CONSULTATION WITH THE26
305302 MAJORITY LEADER OF THE SENATE ;27
306303 1283
307304 -8- (X) TWO REPRESENTATIVES OF THE RANCHING AND GRAZING1
308305 PERMIT HOLDER COMMUNITY , APPOINTED IN CONSULTATION WITH THE2
309306 MINORITY LEADER OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ;3
310307 (XI) A
311308 REPRESENTATIVE FROM EACH OF THE LOCAL ON -RANGE4
312309 WILD HORSE ORGANIZATIONS THAT MAINTAIN MEMORANDA OF5 UNDERSTANDING WITH THE BUREAU TO CONDUCT ON-RANGE ACTIVITIES;6
313310 AND7
314311 (XII) A
315312 REPRESENTATIVE OF THE STATE BOARD OF LAND8
316313 COMMISSIONERS; AND9
317314 (b) (I) T
318315 HE COLORADO STATE DIRECTOR OF THE BUREAU MAY10
319316 REPRESENT THE BUREAU OR MAY APPOINT A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE11
320317 BUREAU;12
321318 (II) T
322319 HE SOUTHERN UTE INDIAN TRIBE MAY APPOINT A13
323320 REPRESENTATIVE OF THE TRIBE;14
324321 (III) T
325322 HE UTE MOUNTAIN UTE TRIBE MAY APPOINT A15
326323 REPRESENTATIVE OF THE TRIBE; AND16
327324 (IV) T
328325 HE REGION TWO REGIONAL FORESTER OF THE UNITED17
329326 S
330327 TATES FOREST SERVICE MAY APPOINT A REPRESENTATIVE OF THE UNITED18
331328 S
332329 TATES FOREST SERVICE.19
333330 (4) T
334331 HE COMMISSIONER SHALL MAKE THE INITIAL APPOINTMENTS20
335332 TO THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE NO LATER THAN JULY 1, 2026.21
336333 (5) E
337334 ACH MEMBER OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE WHO IS22
338335 APPOINTED UNDER SUBSECTION (3) OF THIS SECTION SERVES AT THE23
339336 PLEASURE OF THE APPOINTING AUTHORITY . THE TERM OF APPOINTMENT IS24
340337 FOUR YEARS.25
341338 (6) M
342339 EMBERS OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE SERVE WIT HOUT26
343340 COMPENSATION AND WITHOUT REIMBURSEMENT FOR EXPENSES FROM THE27
344341 1283
345342 -9- STATE; EXCEPT THAT MEMBERS WHO ARE STATE EMPLOYEES MAY BE1
346343 COMPENSATED AS STATE EMPLOYEES , AND MEMBERS WHO ARE2
347344 LEGISLATIVE MEMBERS ARE PAID IN THE SAME MANNER AS PROVIDED IN3
348345 SECTION 2-2-307 (3).4
349346 (7) (a) T
350347 HE COMMISSIONER SHALL ORGANIZE AND CALL THE FIRST5
351348 MEETING OF THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE .6
352349 (b) T
353350 HE ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL ELECT A CHAIR FROM7
354351 AMONG ITS MEMBERS TO SERVE FOR A TERM NOT TO EXCEED TWO YEARS ,8
355352 AS DETERMINED BY THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE .9
356353 (c) T
357354 HE ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL MEET AT LEAST ONCE EVERY10
358355 YEAR. THE CHAIR OR THE COMMISSIONER MAY CALL SUCH ADDITIONAL11
359356 MEETINGS AS ARE NECESSARY FOR THE ADVISORY COMMITTEE TO12
360357 COMPLETE ITS DUTIES.13
361358 (8) T
362359 HE ADVISORY COMMITTEE SHALL ADVISE THE COMMISSIONER14
363360 AND THE DEPARTMENT CONCERNING :15
364361 (a) F
365362 INANCIAL AND MATERIAL SUPPORT FOR WILD HORSE16
366363 ADOPTERS, SANCTUARIES, PRESERVES, AND REFUGES IN COLORADO;17
367364 (b) T
368365 HE CONTENT AND DELIVERY OF OUTREACH , EDUCATION,18
369366 TRAINING, AND CERTIFICATION REGARDING WILD HORSES IN COLORADO;19
370367 (c) W
371368 ORKING WITH THE BUREAU AND WILD HORSE PRESERVES ,20
372369 SANCTUARIES, AND REFUGES TO COORDINATE THE MOVEMENT OF WILD21
373370 HORSES OFF HERD MANAGEMENT AREAS AND OTHER LANDS INTO22
374371 TEMPORARY HOLDING , ADOPTION EVENTS, AND OTHER NONLETHAL
375372 23
376373 OPTIONS;24
377374 (d) C
378375 OORDINATING OR ASSISTING WITH COMPLIANCE CHECKS TO25
379376 ENSURE THAT ADOPTED WILD HORSES ARE WELL CARED FOR AND THAT26
380377 WILD HORSE ADOPTERS HAVE THE SUPPORT NEEDED TO SUCCESSFULLY27
381378 1283
382379 -10- CARE FOR WILD HORSES;1
383380 (e) C
384381 OORDINATING AND COOPERATING WITH THE BUREAU AND2
385382 OTHER PEOPLE TO ENSURE COMPREHENSIVE INFORMATION ABOUT3
386383 ADOPTION AND ADOPTION SUCCESS IS WIDELY PUBLICIZED AND IS4
387384 AVAILABLE TO THE PUBLIC AND WILD HORSE ADOPTERS IN A TIMELY5
388385 MANNER;
389386 6
390387 (f) A
391388 NY DIFFERENT OR ADDITIONAL SCIENTIFICALLY PROVEN7
392389 IMMUNOCONTRACEPTIVE FERTILITY CONTROL METHOD THE DEPARTMENT8
393390 MAY CONSIDER USING; AND
394391 9
395392 (g) H
396393 UMANE, NONLETHAL ALTERNATIVES TO LONG -TERM
397394 10
398395 CONFINEMENT FOR WILD HORSES THAT ARE TAKEN OFF COLORADO'S WILD11
399396 HORSE RANGES OR HELD IN FEDERAL HOLDING FACILITIES .12
400397 (9) T
401398 HIS SECTION IS REPEALED, EFFECTIVE SEPTEMBER 1, 2030.13
402399 B
403400 EFORE THE REPEAL, THIS SECTION IS SCHEDULED FOR REVIEW IN14
404401 ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 2-3-1203.15
405402 SECTION 7. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 2-3-1203, add16
406403 (21)(a)(II) as follows:17
407404 2-3-1203. Sunset review of advisory committees - legislative18
408405 declaration - definition - repeal. (21) (a) The following statutory19
409406 authorizations for designated advisory committees will repeal on20
410407 September 1, 2030:21
411408 (II) T
412409 HE WILD HORSE ADVISORY COMMITTEE CREATED IN SECTION22
413410 35-66-110.23
414411 SECTION 8. Act subject to petition - effective date. This act24
415412 takes effect at 12:01 a.m. on the day following the expiration of the25
416413 ninety-day period after final adjournment of the general assembly; except26
417414 that, if a referendum petition is filed pursuant to section 1 (3) of article V27
418415 1283
419416 -11- of the state constitution against this act or an item, section, or part of this1
420417 act within such period, then the act, item, section, or part will not take2
421418 effect unless approved by the people at the general election to be held in3
422419 November 2026 and, in such case, will take effect on the date of the4
423420 official declaration of the vote thereon by the governor.5
424421 1283
425422 -12-