Colorado 2025 Regular Session

Colorado Senate Bill SB020 Compare Versions

Version 1 (Old)

Version 2 (New)

Old	New		Differences
1	1		First Regular Session
2	2		Seventy-fifth General Assembly
3	3		STATE OF COLORADO
4		-	~~REENGROSSED~~
5		-	This Version Includes All Amendments
6		-	~~Adopted~~ in the House of Introduction
	4	+	ENGROSSED
	5	+	This Version Includes All Amendments Adopted
	6	+	on Second Reading in the House of Introduction
7	7		LLS NO. 25-0555.01 Pierce Lively x2059
8	8		SENATE BILL 25-020
9	9		Senate Committees House Committees
10	10		Judiciary
11	11		Appropriations
12	12		A BILL FOR AN ACT
13	13		C
14	14		ONCERNING THE ENFORCEMENT OF EXISTING LANDLORD -TENANT101
15	15		LAW.102
16	16		Bill Summary
17	17		(Note: This summary applies to this bill as introduced and does
18	18		not reflect any amendments that may be subsequently adopted. If this bill
19	19		passes third reading in the house of introduction, a bill summary that
20	20		applies to the reengrossed version of this bill will be available at
21	21		http://leg.colorado.gov
22	22		.)
23	23		Section 1 of the bill clarifies that the attorney general has the
24	24		power to initiate and bring civil and criminal actions to enforce certain
25	25		state landlord-tenant laws. Section 2 makes corresponding conforming
26	26		amendments to the attorney general's statutory powers and duties.
27	27		Sections 3 and 4 grant counties, cities and counties, and
28	28		municipalities the power to initiate and bring civil and criminal actions
29	29		SENATE
30		-	3rd Reading Unamended
31		-	March 31, 2025
32		-	SENATE
33	30		Amended 2nd Reading
34	31		March 28, 2025
35	32		SENATE SPONSORSHIP
36		-	Weissman and Gonzales J., Ball, Bridges, Coleman, Cutter, Michaelson Jenet, Rodriguez,
37		-	Sullivan, Wallace, Winter F.
	33	+	Weissman and Gonzales J.,
38	34		HOUSE SPONSORSHIP
39	35		Lindsay and Mabrey,
40	36		Shading denotes HOUSE amendment. Double underlining denotes SENATE amendment.
41	37		Capital letters or bold & italic numbers indicate new material to be added to existing law.
42	38		Dashes through the words or numbers indicate deletions from existing law. to enforce certain state landlord-tenant laws.
43	39		Section 5 establishes a receivership mechanism that is available
44	40		as a remedy for violations of applicable laws and regulations by the
45	41		owner of multifamily residential property. The attorney general's office,
46	42		a county, a city and county, and a municipality may all apply to a district
47	43		court for the appointment of a receiver to operate a residential property.
48	44		The bill establishes the process for a district court appointing a receiver,
49	45		including requiring a hearing and an order of appointment that specifies
50	46		the duties of a receiver, and the criteria for qualifying as a receiver. No
51	47		sooner than 180 days after the district court appoints a receiver, the owner
52	48		of the relevant property, attorney general, county, city and county, or
53	49		municipality may submit an application to the district court seeking the
54	50		termination of the receivership. As with the appointing of a receiver, the
55	51		bill establishes the process by which a district court may terminate a
56	52		receivership.
57	53		Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado:1
58	54		SECTION 1. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 13-40-110.5, add (6)
59	55		2
60	56		as follows:3
61	57		13-40-110.5. Automatic suppression of court records -4
62	58		definition. (6) I
63	59		N ADDITION TO THE PERSONS DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTIONS
64	60		5
65	61		(1)
66	62		AND (5) OF THIS SECTION, A COURT SHALL ALLOW A PERSON TO ACCESS
67	63		6
68	64		A SUPPRESSED COURT RECORD IF THE PERSON AFFIRMS TO THE COURT , IN7
69	65		WRITING OR ELECTRONICALLY , THAT THE PERSON IS ACCESSING THE8
70	66		SUPPRESSED COURT RECORD ON BEHALF OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL FOR9
71	67		THE PURPOSE OF INVESTIGATING ANY VIOLATION OF STATE LAW THAT THE10
72	68		ATTORNEY GENERAL IS AUTHORIZED TO ENFORCE PURSUANT TO SECTION11
73	69		24-31-101 (1)(i).12
74	70		SECTION 2. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 24-31-101, amend13
75	71		(1)(i)(XXII); and add (1)(i)(XXIV), (1)(i)(XXV), (1)(i)(XXVI), and (5)14
76	72		as follows:15
77	73		24-31-101. Powers and duties of attorney general. (1) The16
78	74		attorney general:17
79	75		020-2- (i) May independently initiate and bring civil and criminal actions1
80	76		to enforce state laws, including actions brought pursuant to:2
81	77		(XXII) Part 14 of article 12 of title 38; and3
82	78		(XXIV) B
83	79		EGINNING JANUARY 1, 2026, PART 4 OF ARTICLE 12 OF4
84	80		TITLE 38;5
85	81		(XXV) B
86	82		EGINNING JANUARY 1, 2026, PART 8 OF ARTICLE 12 OF6
87	83		TITLE 38; AND7
88	84		(XXVI) B
89	85		EGINNING JANUARY 1, 2026, PART 10 OF ARTICLE 12 OF8
90	86		TITLE 38.9
91	87		(5) T
92	88		HE ATTORNEY GENERAL SHALL CONDUCT ENFORCEMENT
93	89		10
94	90		ACTIONS AUTHORIZED BY SENATE BILL 25-020, IF ANY, WITHIN EXISTING11
95	91		APPROPRIATIONS.12
96	92		SECTION 3. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 24-31-115, amend13
97	93		(4)(a) introductory portion, (5)(a), (6)(b), (8)(a) introductory portion,14
98	94		(8)(a)(III), (8)(b), and (9) as follows:15
99	95		24-31-115. Housing unit - powers of attorney general or16
100	96		district attorney - subpoenas - document production - remedies -17
101	97		injunctive relief - penalties. (4) Powers. (a) When the attorney general18
102	98		has reasonable cause to believe that any person, whether in this state or19
103	99		elsewhere, has engaged in or is engaging in a violation of any of the20
104	100		provisions listed in section 24-31-101, (1)(i)(IX) to (1)(i)(XIV), the21
105	101		attorney general may:22
106	102		(5) Subpoenas - production of documents. (a) When the23
107	103		attorney general has reasonable cause to believe that a person, whether in24
108	104		this state or elsewhere, has engaged in or is engaging in a violation of any25
109	105		of the provisions listed in section 24-31-101, (1)(i)(IX) to (1)(i)(XIV), the26
110	106		attorney general, in addition to any other powers conferred upon the27
111	107		020
112	108		-3- attorney general by this article 31, may issue subpoenas to require the1
113	109		attendance of witnesses or the production of documents, administer oaths,2
114	110		conduct hearings in aid of any investigation or inquiry, and prescribe such3
115	111		forms and promulgate such rules as may be necessary to administer the4
116	112		provisions of this article 31.5
117	113		(6) Inadmissible testimony. (b) Subject to subsection (8) of this6
118	114		section, the records of investigations or intelligence information of the7
119	115		attorney general obtained under this article 31 may constitute public8
120	116		records available for inspection by the public at the sole discretion of the9
121	117		attorney general. This subsection (6)(b) shall not be construed to prevent10
122	118		the attorney general from issuing public statements describing or warning11
123	119		of any course of conduct or any conspiracy that constitutes a violation of12
124	120		any of the provisions listed in section 24-31-101, (1)(i)(IX) to13
125	121		(1)(i)(XIV), whether on a local, statewide, regional, or nationwide basis.14
126	122		(8) Injunctive authority - assurances of discontinuance.15
127	123		(a) Whenever the attorney general has cause to believe that a person has16
128	124		engaged in or is engaging in a violation of any of the provisions listed in17
129	125		section 24-31-101, (1)(i)(IX) to (1)(i)(XIV), the attorney general may18
130	126		apply for and obtain, in an action in the appropriate district court of this19
131	127		state, a temporary restraining order or injunction, or both, pursuant to the20
132	128		Colorado rules of civil procedure, prohibiting the person from continuing21
133	129		or engaging in such practices, or doing any act in furtherance of such22
134	130		practices. The court may make such orders or judgments as is necessary23
135	131		to:24
136	132		(III) Prevent any unjust enrichment by any person through the use25
137	133		or employment of any practice that is in violation of any of the provisions26
138	134		listed in section 24-31-101. (1)(i)(IX) to (1)(i)(XIV).27
139	135		020
140	136		-4- (b) Where the attorney general has authority to institute a civil1
141	137		action or other proceeding pursuant to the provisions of this article, the2
142	138		attorney general may accept, in lieu thereof or as a part thereof, an3
143	139		assurance of discontinuance of any practice that constitutes a violation of4
144	140		any of the provisions that are listed in section 24-31-101. (1)(i)(IX) to5
145	141		(1)(i)(XIV). Any such assurance of discontinuance may include a6
146	142		stipulation for the voluntary payment by the alleged violator of the costs7
147	143		of investigation and the costs of any action or proceeding by the attorney8
148	144		general or a district attorney and any amount necessary to restore to any9
149	145		person any money or property that may have been acquired by the alleged10
150	146		violator by means of a violation of any of the provisions that are listed in11
151	147		section 24-31-101. (1)(i)(IX) to (1)(i)(XIV). Any such assurance or12
152	148		discontinuance accepted by the attorney general and any such stipulation13
153	149		filed with the court as a part of any such action or proceeding is a matter14
154	150		of public record unless the attorney general determines, in the attorney15
155	151		general's sole discretion, that the assurance of discontinuance and any16
156	152		stipulation are confidential to the parties to the action or proceeding and17
157	153		to the court and its employees. Upon the filing of a civil action by the18
158	154		attorney general alleging that a confidential assurance of discontinuance19
159	155		or stipulation accepted pursuant to this subsection (8)(b) has been20
160	156		violated, the assurance of discontinuance or stipulation is deemed a public21
161	157		record and open to inspection by any person. Proof by a preponderance22
162	158		of the evidence of a violation of any such assurance or stipulation23
163	159		constitutes prima facie evidence of a deceptive trade practice for the24
164	160		purposes of any civil action or proceeding brought thereafter by the25
165	161		attorney general, whether a new action or a subsequent motion or petition26
166	162		in any pending action or proceeding.27
167	163		020
168	164		-5- (9) Penalties. In order to enforce the provisions of this article 31,1
169	165		in addition to any penalties stated in this article 31, the attorney general2
170	166		may seek any of the penalties or other enforcement mechanisms specified3
171	167		in the "Immigrant Tenant Protection Act", part 12 of article 12 of title 38;4
172	168		the "Mobile Home Park Act", part 2 of article 12 of title 38; the "Mobile5
173	169		Home Park Act Dispute Resolution and Enforcement Program", part 116
174	170		of article 12 of title 38; part 1 of article 12 of title 38; part 7 of article 127
175	171		of title 38; and section 38-12-904 (1)(b) ARTICLE 12 OF TITLE 38,8
176	172		INCLUDING ANY PENALTIES AVAILABLE TO AGGRIEVED TENANTS OR OTHER9
177	173		AGGRIEVED PERSONS UNDER THESE PROVISIONS , along with costs to10
178	174		enforce these provisions.11
179	175		SECTION 4. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 30-11-101, add12
180	176		(1)(m) and (3) as follows:13
181	177		30-11-101. Powers of counties. (1) Each organized county14
182	178		within the state is a body corporate and politic and as such is empowered15
183	179		for the following purposes:16
184	180		(m) I
185	181		NDEPENDENTLY INITIATING AND BRINGING CIVIL
186	182		ACTIONS17
187	183		TO ENFORCE:18
188	184		(I) P
189	185		ARTS 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, AND 14 OF ARTICLE 12 OF TITLE 38;19
190	186		AND20
191	187		(II) B
192	188		EGINNING JANUARY 1, 2026, PARTS 4, 8, AND 10 OF ARTICLE21
193	189		12
194	190		OF TITLE 38.22
195	191		(3) (a) N
196	192		OTWITHSTANDING ANY LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A
197	193		23
198	194		CONTRACT BETWEEN A COUNTY AND A PRIVATE ATTORNEY WHO THE24
199	195		COUNTY RETAINS IN RELATION TO A CIVIL ACTION DESCRIBED IN25
200	196		SUBSECTION (1)(m) OF THIS SECTION SHALL SPECIFY AN HOURLY RATE ,26
201	197		NOT TO EXCEED FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS PER HOUR , AT WHICH THE27
202	198		020
203	199		-6- COUNTY COMPENSATES THE PRIVATE ATTORNEY .1
204	200		(b) A
205	201		COUNTY MAY USE AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO OR LESS THAN TEN
206	202		2
207	203		PERCENT OF ANY MONETARY AWARD RECEIVED AS A RESULT OF A CIVIL OR3
208	204		CRIMINAL ACTION COMMENCED PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (1)(m) OF THIS4
209	205		SECTION TO COVER THE COSTS OF THAT CIVIL ACTION , INCLUDING5
210	206		ATTORNEY FEES.6
211	207		(c) I
212	208		N COMMENCING A CIVIL ACTION PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION
213	209		7
214	210		(1)(m)
215	211		OF THIS SECTION, A COUNTY MAY CONFER WITH ANY HOUSING
216	212		8
217	213		AUTHORITY CREATED PURSUANT TO TITLE 29 THAT SERVES THE COUNTY9
218	214		IN WHOLE OR IN PART.10
219	215		SECTION 5. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 31-15-401, add (1)(r)11
220	216		and (2) as follows:12
221	217		31-15-401. General police powers. (1) In relation to the general13
222	218		police power, the governing bodies of municipalities have the following14
223	219		powers:15
224	220		(r) MAY INDEPENDENTLY INITIATE AND BRING CIVIL ACTIONS16
225	221		TO ENFORCE:17
226	222		(I) P
227	223		ARTS 1, 2, 5, 7, 9, 11, 12, AND 14 OF ARTICLE 12 OF TITLE 38;18
228	224		AND19
229	225		(II) B
230	226		EGINNING JANUARY 1, 2026, PARTS 4, 8, AND 10 OF ARTICLE20
231	227		12
232	228		OF TITLE 38.21
233	229		(2) (a) N
234	230		OTWITHSTANDING ANY LAW TO THE CONTRARY , A
235	231		22
236	232		CONTRACT BETWEEN A MUNICIPALITY AND A PRIVATE ATTORNEY WHO THE23
237	233		COUNTY RETAINS IN RELATION TO A CIVIL ACTION DESCRIBED IN24
238	234		SUBSECTION (1)(r) OF THIS SECTION SHALL SPECIFY AN HOURLY RATE, NOT25
239	235		TO EXCEED FIVE HUNDRED DOLLARS PER HOUR , AT WHICH THE26
240	236		MUNICIPALITY COMPENSATES THE PRIVATE ATTORNEY .27
241	237		020
242	238		-7- (b) A MUNICIPALITY MAY USE AN AMOUNT EQUAL TO OR LESS1
243	239		THAN TEN PERCENT OF ANY MONETARY AWARD RECEIVED AS A RESULT OF2
244	240		A CIVIL ACTION COMMENCED PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (1)(r) OF THIS3
245	241		SECTION TO COVER THE COSTS OF THAT CIVIL ACTION , INCLUDING4
246	242		ATTORNEY FEES.5
247	243		(c) I
248	244		N COMMENCING A CIVIL ACTION PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION
249	245		6
250	246		(1)(r)
251	247		OF THIS SECTION, A MUNICIPALITY MAY CONFER WITH ANY HOUSING
252	248		7
253	249		AUTHORITY CREATED PURSUANT TO TITLE 29 THAT SERVES THE8
254	250		MUNICIPALITY IN WHOLE OR IN PART.9
255	251		SECTION 6. In Colorado Revised Statutes, add 38-12-513 as10
256	252		follows:11
257	253		38-12-513. Receivership of residential housing. (1) T
258	254		HE12
259	255		PURPOSE OF THIS SECTION IS TO ESTABLISH A RECEIVERSHIP MECHANISM13
260	256		THAT WILL BE AVAILABLE AS A REMEDY FOR VIOLATIONS OF APPLICABLE14
261	257		LAWS AND REGULATIONS BY THE LANDLORD
262	258		OF MULTIFAMILY15
263	259		RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY. THE DUTIES OF A RECEIVER ARE TO ACHIEVE THE16
264	260		PURPOSES OF THIS PART 5 PURSUANT TO SECTION 38-12-501, TO ENSURE17
265	261		THAT MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY IS FIT FOR HUMAN18
266	262		HABITATION AS REQUIRED BY SECTION 38-12-503 (1), AND TO ENSURE19
267	263		THAT THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY COMPLIES WITH ALL20
268	264		COUNTY OR MUNICIPAL PUBLIC HEALTH CODES OR MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES21
269	265		REGULATING PUBLIC HEALTH AND SAFETY THAT APPLY TO MULTIFAMILY22
270	266		RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY.23
271	267		(2) T
272	268		HE FOLLOWING PARTIES MAY APPLY TO THE DISTRICT COURT24
273	269		FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF A RECEIVER TO OPERATE A MULTIFAMILY25
274	270		RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY:26
275	271		(a) T
276	272		HE ATTORNEY GENERAL, WHEN THE ATTORNEY GENERAL HAS27
277	273		020
278	274		-8- REASONABLE CAUSE TO BELIEVE THAT ANY PERSON , WHETHER IN THIS1
279	275		STATE OR ELSEWHERE, HAS ENGAGED IN OR IS ENGAGING IN A VIOLATION2
280	276		OF THIS PART 5, OTHER THAN A VIOLATION OF SECTION 28-12-503 (5), IN3
281	277		CONNECTION WITH THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY ; AND4
282	278		(b) A COUNTY, CITY AND COUNTY, OR MUNICIPALITY, WHEN5
283	279		THE COUNTY, CITY AND COUNTY, OR MUNICIPALITY HAS REASONABLE6
284	280		CAUSE TO BELIEVE THAT ANY PERSON , WHETHER IN THIS STATE OR7
285	281		ELSEWHERE, HAS ENGAGED IN OR IS ENGAGING IN A PATTERN OR PRACTICE8
286	282		OF VIOLATIONS OF THIS PART 5, OTHER THAN A VIOLATION OF SECTION9
287	283		38-12-503
288	284		(5), IN CONNECTION WITH THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL
289	285		10
290	286		PROPERTY.11
291	287		(3) (a) A
292	288		PETITIONER SEEKING THE APPOINTMENT OF A RECEIVER12
293	289		PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION MUST FILE AN APPLICATION WITH THE13
294	290		DISTRICT COURT FOR THE COUNTY OR CITY AND COUNTY WHERE THE14
295	291		MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY IS LOCATED .15
296	292		(b) (I) T
297	293		HE DISTRICT COURT SHALL NOT HOLD A HEARING16
298	294		CONCERNING AN APPLICATION FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF A RECEIVER17
299	295		PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SOONER THAN THREE BUSINESS DAYS
300	296		AFTER18
301	297		THE FOLLOWING PARTIES HAVE BEEN SERVED WITH NOTICE THEREOF , AS19
302	298		PROVIDED IN THE COLORADO RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE :20
303	299		(A) T
304	300		HE LANDLORD
305	301		OF THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY;21
306	302		(B) A
307	303		NY LESSEE OR MORTGAGEE OF THE MULTIFAMILY22
308	304		RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY, EXCEPT THAT THE FAILURE TO SERVE ANY SUCH
309	305		23
310	306		PARTY WHOSE NAME AND ADDRESS ARE NOT AVAILABLE TO THE24
311	307		PETITIONER DOES NOT PRECLUDE THE COURT FROM HOLDING THE HEARING25
312	308		OR INVALIDATING THE PROCEEDING SO LONG AS THE NOTICE IS POSTED AT26
313	309		THE PROPERTY;27
314	310		020
315	311		-9- (C) THE CITY OR TOWN IN WHICH THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL1
316	312		PROPERTY IS LOCATED;2
317	313		(D) T
318	314		HE COUNTY OR CITY AND COUNTY IN WHICH THE3
319	315		MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY IS LOCATED ;4
320	316		(E) T
321	317		HE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE; AND5
322	318		(F) T
323	319		HE DEPARTMENT OF LOCAL AFFAIRS .6
324	320		(II) I
325	321		N PROVIDING NOTICE PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (3)(b)(I) OF7
326	322		THIS SECTION, A PARTY DOES NOT HAVE TO PROVIDE NOTICE TO ITSELF .8
327	323		(III) A
328	324		PETITIONER SEEKING THE APPOINTMENT OF A RECEIVER
329	325		9
330	326		PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION MUST CONSPICUOUSLY POST NOTICE OF THE10
331	327		PETITION ON AND AROUND THE RELEVANT MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL11
332	328		PROPERTY. THIS NOTICE SHALL INCLUDE THE PHONE NUMBER AND EMAIL12
333	329		ADDRESS OF THE PETITIONER. THE PETITIONER IS STRONGLY ENCOURAGED13
334	330		TO POST THE NOTICE IN LANGUAGES OTHER THAN ENGLISH, IF THE14
335	331		PETITIONER IS AWARE THAT THOSE LANGUAGES ARE SPOKEN BY THE15
336	332		PROPERTY'S TENANTS.16
337	333		(c) A
338	334		N APPLICATION FOR APPOINTMENT OF A RECEIVER PURSUANT17
339	335		TO THIS SUBSECTION (3) HAS PRECEDENCE AND PRIORITY OVER ANY CIVIL18
340	336		OR CRIMINAL CASE PENDING IN THE DISTRICT COURT WHERE THE19
341	337		APPLICATION IS FILED.20
342	338		(4) (a) T
343	339		HE DISTRICT COURT'S APPOINTMENT OF A RECEIVER21
344	340		PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION SHALL BE IN ACCORDANCE WITH AND22
345	341		GOVERNED BY RULE 66 OF THE COLORADO RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE .23
346	342		(b) T
347	343		O APPOINT A RECEIVER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION , THE24
348	344		DISTRICT COURT MUST FIND THAT:25
349	345		(I) G
350	346		ROUNDS FOR THE APPOINTMENT OF A RECEIVER EXIST DUE TO26
351	347		A FINDING BY THE DISTRICT COURT, BASED ON A PREPONDERANCE OF THE27
352	348		020
353	349		-10- EVIDENCE, SUPPORTING THE RELEVANT CLAIMS IN AN APPLICATION1
354	350		SUBMITTED BY A PARTY PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (2) OF THIS SECTION;2
355	351		AND3
356	352		(II) P
357	353		ROPER NOTICE AS REQUIRED BY SUBSECTION (3) OF THIS4
358	354		SECTION HAS BEEN SERVED.5
359	355		(c) A
360	356		RECEIVER APPOINTED BY THE DISTRICT COURT PURSUANT TO6
361	357		THIS SECTION MUST BE A PERSON WITH KNOWLEDGE AND EXPERIENCE IN7
362	358		THE OPERATION, MAINTENANCE, AND IMPROVEMENT OF RESIDENTIAL8
363	359		HOUSING. THE RECEIVER MUST BE FINANCIALLY AND LEGALLY
364	360		9
365	361		INDEPENDENT OF THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY 'S OWNERSHIP10
366	362		OR MANAGEMENT. THE DISTRICT COURT MAY ALSO REQUIRE THAT THE11
367	363		RECEIVER POST A BOND WITH ADEQUATE SURETIES AS DETERMINED BY THE12
368	364		COURT.13
369	365		(d) I
370	366		N APPOINTING A RECEIVER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION , THE14
371	367		DISTRICT COURT MUST HOLD A HEARING, AT WHICH TIME THE PARTIES MAY15
372	368		APPEAR AND BE HEARD.16
373	369		(e) F
374	370		OLLOWING THE HEARING DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (4)(d) OF17
375	371		THIS SECTION, IF THE COURT APPOINTS A RECEIVER , THE COURT MUST18
376	372		ENTER AN ORDER OF APPOINTMENT THAT SPECIFIES THE DUTIES AND19
377	373		RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE RECEIVER, WHICH MUST INCLUDE THAT THE20
378	374		RECEIVER:21
379	375		(I) W
380	376		ITHIN THIRTY DAYS OF BEING APPOINTED BY THE DISTRICT22
381	377		COURT, SUBMIT A PLAN TO THE DISTRICT COURT FOR THE REMEDIATION OF23
382	378		ANY VIOLATIONS OF THIS PART 5, OTHER THAN A VIOLATION OF SECTION
383	379		24
384	380		28-12-503
385	381		(5),
386	382		A COUNTY OR CITY AND COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH CODE , OR25
387	383		A MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE;26
388	384		(II) T
389	385		AKE THE ACTIONS NECESSARY TO ENSURE THAT THE27
390	386		020
391	387		-11- MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY IS NO LONGER IN VIOLATION OF THIS1
392	388		PART 5, OTHER THAN A VIOLATION OF SECTION 28-12-503 (5), A COUNTY2
393	389		OR CITY AND COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH CODE , OR A MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE;3
394	390		(III) N
395	391		O LATER THAN EVERY THIRTY DAYS AFTER BEING4
396	392		APPOINTED BY THE DISTRICT COURT, SUBMIT AN ACCOUNTING AND STATUS5
397	393		REPORT TO THE DISTRICT COURT, WHICH MUST INCLUDE ACTIONS THAT6
398	394		HAVE BEEN COMPLETED AND ACTIONS THAT ARE STILL ONGOING TO7
399	395		ACHIEVE COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PART 5, A COUNTY OR CITY AND COUNTY8
400	396		PUBLIC HEALTH CODE, OR A MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE; AND9
401	397		(IV) A
402	398		T THE END OF THE RECEIVERSHIP , AS DESCRIBED IN10
403	399		SUBSECTION (8) OF THIS SECTION, SUBMIT A FINAL ACCOUNTING AND11
404	400		STATUS REPORT TO THE COURT , WHICH MUST INCLUDE ACTIONS THAT12
405	401		HAVE BEEN COMPLETED AND ACTIONS THAT ARE STILL ONGOING TO13
406	402		ACHIEVE COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PART 5, A COUNTY OR CITY AND COUNTY14
407	403		PUBLIC HEALTH CODE, OR A MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE.15
408	404		(5) (a) A
409	405		RECEIVER APPOINTED BY THE DISTRICT COURT PURSUANT16
410	406		TO THIS SECTION HAS THE POWER TO:17
411	407		(I) R
412	408		EMEDIATE ANY VIOLATION BY THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL18
413	409		PROPERTY OF THIS PART 5, OTHER THAN A VIOLATION OF SECTION
414	410		19
415	411		28-12-503
416	412		(5),
417	413		A COUNTY OR CITY AND COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH CODE , OR20
418	414		A MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE;21
419	415		(II) A
420	416		S NECESSARY TO ACCOMPLISH THE REMEDIATION AND22
421	417		COMPLIANCE DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (5)(a)(I) OF THIS SECTION:23
422	418		(A) E
423	419		NTER INTO NEW CONTRACTS;24
424	420		(B) B
425	421		ORROW MONEY;25
426	422		(C) S
427	423		ECURE FUNDS BY GRANTING LIENS UPON THE MULTIFAMILY26
428	424		RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY; AND27
429	425		020
430	426		-12- (D) RECEIVE RENT FROM TENANTS OF THE MULTIFAMILY1
431	427		RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY; AND2
432	428		(III) E
433	429		XERCISE ANY OTHER POWERS DEEMED NECESSARY BY THE3
434	430		DISTRICT COURT AND NOT INCONSISTENT WITH RULE 66 OF THE COLORADO4
435	431		RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE.5
436	432		(b) T
437	433		HE RECEIVER'S FEES ESTABLISHED IN THE DISTRICT COURT'S6
438	434		ORDER OF APPOINTMENT ENTERED PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (4)(e) OF7
439	435		THIS SECTION MAY ONLY BE COVERED BY MONEY THAT THE RECEIVER8
440	436		RAISES PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (5)(a)(II)(C) OF THIS SECTION.9
441	437		(c) I
442	438		N EXERCISING ITS POWERS PURSUANT TO THIS SUBSECTION (5),10
443	439		A RECEIVER IS NOT REQUIRED TO EMPLOY STANDARD PUBLIC BIDDING11
444	440		PRACTICES AND MAY:12
445	441		(I) C
446	442		ARRY OUT EXECUTORY CONTRACTS ;13
447	443		(II) E
448	444		NTER INTO NEW CONTRACTS;14
449	445		(III) B
450	446		ORROW MONEY;15
451	447		(IV) M
452	448		ORTGAGE OR PLEDGE PROPERTY ;16
453	449		(V) S
454	450		ELL ASSETS AT PUBLIC OR PRIVATE SALE;17
455	451		(VI) M
456	452		AKE AND RECEIVE CONVEYANCES IN THE CORPORATE NAME ;18
457	453		(VII) L
458	454		EASE REAL ESTATE;19
459	455		(VIII) S
460	456		ETTLE OR COMPROMISE CLAIMS ;20
461	457		(IX) C
462	458		OMMENCE AND PROSECUTE ALL ACTIONS AND PROCEEDINGS21
463	459		NECESSARY TO ENABLE LIQUIDATION ; AND22
464	460		(X) D
465	461		ISTRIBUTE ASSETS EITHER IN CASH OR IN KIND AMONG23
466	462		MEMBERS ACCORDING TO THEIR RESPECTIVE RIGHTS AFTER PAYING OR24
467	463		ADEQUATELY PROVIDING FOR THE PAYMENT OF LIABILITIES .25
468	464		(6) T
469	465		HE RECEIVER SHALL PERFORM DUTIES , ASSUME26
470	466		RESPONSIBILITIES, AND PRESERVE THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL27
471	467		020
472	468		-13- PROPERTY IN ACCORDANCE WITH ESTABLISHED PRINCIPLES OF LAW FOR1
473	469		RECEIVERS OF REAL PROPERTY. IN SO DOING, THE RECEIVER:2
474	470		(a) S
475	471		HALL PERFORM THEIR DUTIES IN A WAY THAT MINIMIZES , TO
476	472		3
477	473		THE GREATEST EXTENT POSSIBLE , FURTHER DISRUPTION OF THE4
478	474		MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY 'S TENANTS;5
479	475		(b) S
480	476		HALL COMMUNICATE, AT LEAST ONCE A WEEK, IN A MANNER
481	477		6
482	478		REASONABLY CALCULATED TO BE RECEIVED BY THE MULTIFAMILY7
483	479		RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY'S TENANTS, SUCH AS BY CONSPICUOUSLY POSTING8
484	480		COMMUNICATIONS ON AND AROUND THE PROPERTY OR ON THE PROPERTY 'S9
485	481		ONLINE TENANT PORTAL, CONCERNING WHAT MEASURES THE RECEIVER IS10
486	482		TAKING TO BRING THE PROPERTY INTO COMPLIANCE WITH A COUNTY OR11
487	483		CITY AND COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH CODE , OR A MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE12
488	484		AND OTHERWISE BRINGING THE PROPERTY INTO COMPLIANCE WITH THIS13
489	485		PART 5;14
490	486		(c) S
491	487		HALL FIRST APPLY RENTS RECEIVED PURSUANT TO
492	488		15
493	489		SUBSECTION (5)(a)(II)(D) OF THIS SECTION TOWARD THE PAYMENT OF ANY16
494	490		UTILITIES OR SERVICES FOR THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY ;17
495	491		(d) A
496	492		FTER APPLYING RENTS RECEIVED PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION
497	493		18
498	494		(5)(a)(II)(D)
499	495		OF THIS SECTION AS DESCRIBED IN SUBSECTION (6)(c) OF THIS
500	496		19
501	497		SECTION, SHALL APPLY RENTS RECEIVED PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION20
502	498		(5)(a)(II)(D)
503	499		OF THIS SECTION TOWARD THE COST OF REMEDIATING ANY
504	500		21
505	501		VIOLATION BY THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF THIS PART 5,22
506	502		OTHER THAN A VIOLATION OF SECTION 28-12-503 (5), A COUNTY OR CITY23
507	503		AND COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH CODE , OR A MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE AND24
508	504		OTHERWISE BRINGING THE PROPERTY INTO COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PART25
509	505		5;26
510	506		(e) S
511	507		HALL NOT INITIATE A FORCIBLE ENTRY OR DETAINER ACTION
512	508		27
513	509		020
514	510		-14- OR PROCEEDING RELATED TO THE NONPAYMENT OF BEFORE THE1
515	511		BEGINNING OF THE RECEIVERSHIP;2
516	512		(f) M
517	513		AY INITIATE A FORCIBLE ENTRY OR DETAINER ACTION OR
518	514		3
519	515		PROCEEDING RELATED TO THE NONPAYMENT OF RENT THAT OCCURS4
520	516		DURING THE RECEIVERSHIP; AND5
521	517		(g) S
522	518		HALL NOT INCREASE RENTS, FEES, OR COSTS CHARGED TO THE
523	519		6
524	520		THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY 'S TENANTS BEYOND THE7
525	521		LEVELS OF THE RENTS, FEES, AND COSTS CHARGED WHEN THE COURT8
526	522		APPOINTED THE RECEIVER.9
527	523		(7) N
528	524		OTHING IN THIS SECTION PREVENTS THE COURT FROM10
529	525		ALTERING OR AMENDING THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE11
530	526		RECEIVERSHIP OR THE RECEIVER 'S RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES12
531	527		FOLLOWING A HEARING, AT WHICH TIME THE PARTIES MAY APPEAR AND BE13
532	528		HEARD, AND NOTHING IN THIS SECTION PROHIBITS THE PARTIES FROM14
533	529		STIPULATING TO THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THE RECEIVERSHIP AND15
534	530		THE RESPONSIBILITIES AND DUTIES OF THE RECEIVER , INCLUDING THE16
535	531		DURATION THEREOF, WHICH STIPULATION MUST BE SUBMITTED TO THE17
536	532		COURT FOR APPROVAL.18
537	533		(8) (a) N
538	534		O SOONER THAN NINETY
539	535		DAYS AFTER THE DISTRICT COURT19
540	536		HAS APPOINTED A RECEIVER FOR A MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY ,20
541	537		ANY OF THE FOLLOWING MAY SUBMIT AN APPLICATION TO THE DISTRICT21
542	538		COURT SEEKING THE TERMINATION OF THE RECEIVERSHIP :22
543	539		(I) T
544	540		HE LANDLORD
545	541		OF THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY ;23
546	542		(II) A
547	543		NY LESSEE OF THE ENTIRE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL
548	544		24
549	545		PROPERTY;25
550	546		(III) THE ATTORNEY GENERAL'S OFFICE;26
551	547		(IV) THE CITY OR TOWN IN WHICH THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL27
552	548		020
553	549		-15- PROPERTY IS LOCATED; AND1
554	550		(V) THE COUNTY OR CITY AND COUNTY IN WHICH THE2
555	551		MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY IS LOCATED .3
556	552		(b) A
557	553		DISTRICT COURT MAY ONLY TERMINATE A RECEIVERSHIP IF4
558	554		IT:5
559	555		(I) R
560	556		ECEIVES AN APPLICATION TO TERMINATE THE RECEIVERSHIP6
561	557		PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (8)(a) OF THIS SECTION;7
562	558		(II) F
563	559		INDS THAT TERMINATING A RECEIVERSHIP IS IN THE PUBLIC8
564	560		INTEREST AND IN THE BEST INTEREST OF THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL
565	561		9
566	562		PROPERTY'S TENANTS; AND10
567	563		(III) F
568	564		INDS THAT THE LANDLORD, OPERATOR, OR MANAGER
569	565		OF THE11
570	566		MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY HAS :12
571	567		(A) D
572	568		EMONSTRATED THAT IT WILL CARRY OUT , IN THE TIME FRAME
573	569		13
574	570		MOST RECENTLY APPROVED BY THE COURT PURSUANT TO SUBSECTION (4)14
575	571		OR (7) OF THIS SECTION, ANY REMAINING ACTIONS IDENTIFIED BY THE15
576	572		RECEIVER AS NECESSARY TO ENSURE THAT THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL16
577	573		PROPERTY IS NO LONGER IN VIOLATION OF THIS PART 5, OTHER THAN A17
578	574		VIOLATION OF SECTION 28-12-503 (5), A COUNTY OR CITY AND COUNTY18
579	575		PUBLIC HEALTH CODE, OR A MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE;19
580	576		(B) P
581	577		AID OR DEPOSITED WITH THE DISTRICT COURT ANY MONEY20
582	578		NECESSARY FOR THE RECEIVER TO COMPLETE THEIR DUTIES PURSUANT TO21
583	579		THIS SECTION;22
584	580		(C) A
585	581		GREED TO ASSUME ALL LEGAL OBLIGATIONS , INCLUDING23
586	582		DEBT OR LIENS,
587	583		INCURRED BY THE RECEIVER IN CONNECTION WITH THE24
588	584		RECEIVERSHIP OF THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY ;25
589	585		(D) P
590	586		AID
591	587		ANY COSTS INCURRED BY THE RECEIVER IN26
592	588		CONNECTION WITH THE RECEIVERSHIP OF THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL27
593	589		020
594	590		-16- PROPERTY; AND1
595	591		(E) P
596	592		OSTED A BOND WITH THE DISTRICT COURT IN AN AMOUNT2
597	593		DETERMINED BY THE DISTRICT COURT AND EQUAL TO NOT MORE THAN3
598	594		FIFTY PERCENT OF THE FAIR MARKET VALUE OF THE MULTIFAMILY4
599	595		RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY, WHICH BOND IS FORFEITED IN THE EVENT OF5
600	596		FUTURE VIOLATION BY THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF THIS6
601	597		PART 5, OTHER THAN A VIOLATION OF SECTION 28-12-503 (5),
602	598		A COUNTY7
603	599		OR CITY AND COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH CODE , OR A MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE8
604	600		AND FAILURE TO BRING THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY INTO9
605	601		COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PART 5, COUNTY OR CITY AND COUNTY PUBLIC10
606	602		HEALTH CODES, AND MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES , AND WHICH BOND IS11
607	603		RELEASED WHEN THE ACTIONS , OBLIGATIONS, AND INDEBTEDNESS12
608	604		IDENTIFIED IN THIS SUBSECTION (8)(b)(III) ARE COMPLETED OR OTHERWISE13
609	605		SATISFIED.14
610	606		(c) N
611	607		OTWITHSTANDING SUBSECTION (8)(b) OF THIS SECTION, THE15
612	608		DISTRICT COURT MAY TERMINATE THE RECEIVERSHIP UPON A FINDING16
613	609		THAT THE RECEIVER HAS COMPLETED ITS WORK AND THAT ALL17
614	610		VIOLATIONS BY THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF THIS PART
615	611		18
616	612		5,
617	613		OTHER THAN A VIOLATION OF SECTION 28-12-503 (5),
618	614		A COUNTY OR19
619	615		CITY AND COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH CODE , OR A MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE20
620	616		HAVE BEEN REMEDIED AND THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY HAS21
621	617		BEEN BROUGHT INTO COMPLIANCE WITH THIS PART 5, COUNTY OR CITY22
622	618		AND COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH CODES , AND MUNICIPAL ORDINANCES.23
623	619		(d) U
624	620		PON A FINDING THAT THE LANDLORD
625	621		OF THE MULTIFAMILY24
626	622		RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY HAS NOT COMPLIED WITH ANY OF THE CONDITIONS25
627	623		IDENTIFIED IN SUBSECTION (8)(b)(III) OF THIS SECTION, THE DISTRICT26
628	624		COURT MAY REAPPOINT THE RECEIVER .27
629	625		020
630	626		-17- (e) AFTER TERMINATING THE RECEIVERSHIP PURSUANT TO THIS1
631	627		SUBSECTION (8), THE DISTRICT COURT:2
632	628		(I)
633	629		MAY APPOINT THE RECEIVER, OR ANOTHER QUALIFIED ENTITY3
634	630		THAT SATISFIES THE REQUIREMENTS OF A RECEIVER ESTABLISHED IN4
635	631		SUBSECTION (4)(c) OF THIS SECTION, TO MONITOR THE LANDLORD 'S
636	632		5
637	633		OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL6
638	634		PROPERTY; 7
639	635		(II) S
640	636		HALL ORDER A FINAL ACCOUNTING AND FINALLY FIX THE FEES8
641	637		AND EXPENSES OF THE RECEIVER FOLLOWING A HEARING , AT WHICH TIME9
642	638		THE PARTIES MAY APPEAR AND BE HEARD ; AND
643	639		10
644	640		(III) S
645	641		HALL REQUIRE THE RECEIVER TO COMMUNICATE IN A
646	642		11
647	643		MANNER REASONABLY CALCULATED TO BE AVAILABLE TO THE12
648	644		MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY 'S TENANTS, SUCH AS BY13
649	645		CONSPICUOUSLY POSTING COMMUNICATIONS ON AND AROUND THE14
650	646		PROPERTY OR ON THE PROPERTY 'S ONLINE TENANT PORTAL, THAT THE15
651	647		RECEIVERSHIP HAS BEEN TERMINATED AND THE NAME , PHONE NUMBER,16
652	648		AND EMAIL ADDRESS OF THE OWNER , MANAGER, OR OTHER ENTITY THAT17
653	649		WILL ASSUME THE RESPONSIBILITY OF MAKING THE PROPERTY COMPLIANT18
654	650		WITH THIS PART 5, A COUNTY OR CITY AND COUNTY PUBLIC HEALTH CODE ,19
655	651		OR A MUNICIPAL ORDINANCE.20
656	652		(9) N
657	653		OTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING IN THIS SECTION TO THE21
658	654		CONTRARY:22
659	655		(a) N
660	656		OTHING IN THIS SECTION RELIEVES THE LANDLORD
661	657		OF THE23
662	658		MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY OF ANY CIVIL OR CRIMINAL24
663	659		LIABILITY OR ANY DUTY IMPOSED BY REASON OF ACTS OR OMISSIONS OF25
664	660		THE LANDLORD, NOR DOES THE DISTRICT COURT 'S APPOINTMENT OF A26
665	661		RECEIVER SUSPEND ANY OBLIGATION THE LANDLORD OF THE MULTIFAMILY27
666	662		020
667	663		-18- RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY OR ANY OTHER PERSON MAY HAVE FOR PAYMENT1
668	664		OF TAXES, ANY OPERATING OR MAINTENANCE EXPENSES , OR MORTGAGES2
669	665		OR LIENS, OR FOR REPAIR OF THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY ;3
670	666		(b) A
671	667		RECEIVER APPOINTED BY A DISTRICT COURT PURSUANT TO4
672	668		THIS SECTION IS LIABLE FOR INJURIES TO PERSONS AND PROPERTY TO THE5
673	669		SAME EXTENT AS THE LANDLORD
674	670		OF THE MULTIFAMILY RESIDENTIAL6
675	671		PROPERTY WOULD HAVE BEEN LIABLE ; EXCEPT THAT, SUCH LIABILITY IS7
676	672		LIMITED TO THE ASSETS AND INCOME OF THE RECEIVERSHIP , INCLUDING8
677	673		ANY PROCEEDS OF INSURANCE PURCHASED BY THE RECEIVER IN ITS9
678	674		CAPACITY AS RECEIVER;10
679	675		(c) A
680	676		RECEIVER IS NOT PERSONALLY LIABLE FOR ACTIONS OR11
681	677		INACTIONS WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE RECEIVER'S CAPACITY AS RECEIVER;12
682	678		(d) O
683	679		NLY A SUIT APPROVED BY THE DISTRICT COURT THAT13
684	680		APPOINTS THE RECEIVER MAY BE BROUGHT AGAINST THE RECEIVER ;
685	681		14
686	682		(e) N
687	683		OTHING IN THIS SECTION LIMITS THE RIGHT OF TENANTS TO
688	684		15
689	685		SEEK A REMEDY FOR A VIOLATION OF THIS PART 5, OTHER THAN A16
690	686		VIOLATION OF SECTION 28-12-503 (5), INCLUDING A BREACH OF THE17
691	687		WARRANTY OF HABITABILITY, THAT OCCURRED BEFORE THE APPOINTMENT18
692	688		OF A RECEIVER PURSUANT TO THIS SECTION;19
693	689		(f) N
694	690		OTHING IN THIS SECTION LIMITS THE POWERS OF ANY HOME
695	691		20
696	692		RULE MUNICIPALITY TO ENACT ORDINANCES OR OTHERWISE SAFEGUARD21
697	693		THE HEALTH, SAFETY, AND WELFARE OF RESIDENTS OF MULTIFAMILY22
698	694		RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES; AND23
699	695		(g) NOTHING IN THIS SECTION LIMITS THE RIGHT OF TENANTS TO24
700	696		RAISE ANY COUNTERCLAIMS OR DEFENSES IN ANY SUMMARY PROCESS OR25
701	697		OTHER ACTION REGARDING POSSESSION BROUGHT BY A RECEIVER .26
702	698		SECTION 7. Act subject to petition - effective date. This act27
703	699		020
704	700		-19- takes effect at 12:01 a.m. on the day following the expiration of the1
705	701		ninety-day period after final adjournment of the general assembly; except2
706	702		that, if a referendum petition is filed pursuant to section 1 (3) of article V3
707	703		of the state constitution against this act or an item, section, or part of this4
708	704		act within such period, then the act, item, section, or part will not take5
709	705		effect unless approved by the people at the general election to be held in6
710	706		November 2026 and, in such case, will take effect on the date of the7
711	707		official declaration of the vote thereon by the governor.8
712	708		020
713	709		-20-