8 | | - | ONCERNING THE METHOD OF CALCULATING STATE POPULATION GROWTH |
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9 | | - | FOR PURPOSES OF CALCULATING STATE FISCAL YEAR SPENDING |
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10 | | - | PURSUANT TO SECTION |
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11 | | - | 20 OF ARTICLE X OF THE STATE |
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12 | | - | CONSTITUTION |
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13 | | - | . |
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14 | | - | |
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15 | | - | Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado: |
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16 | | - | SECTION 1. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 24-77-103, amend |
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17 | | - | (2)(b)(I), (2)(b)(II), (2)(b)(II.5)(B), and (2)(b)(II.5)(C); and add (2)(a)(IV) |
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18 | | - | and (2)(b)(I.5) as follows: |
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19 | | - | 24-77-103. Limitation on state fiscal year spending - legislative |
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| 13 | + | ONCERNING THE METHOD OF CALCULATING STATE POPULATION101 |
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| 14 | + | GROWTH FOR PURPOSES OF CALCULATING STATE FISCAL YEAR102 |
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| 15 | + | SPENDING PURSUANT TO SECTION 20 OF ARTICLE X OF THE103 |
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| 16 | + | STATE CONSTITUTION.104 |
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| 17 | + | Bill Summary |
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| 18 | + | (Note: This summary applies to this bill as introduced and does |
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| 19 | + | not reflect any amendments that may be subsequently adopted. If this bill |
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| 20 | + | passes third reading in the house of introduction, a bill summary that |
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| 21 | + | applies to the reengrossed version of this bill will be available at |
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| 22 | + | http://leg.colorado.gov/ |
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| 23 | + | .) |
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| 24 | + | Joint Budget Committee. Section 20 of article X of the state |
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| 25 | + | constitution (TABOR) requires the maximum annual percentage change |
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| 26 | + | in state fiscal year spending to equal inflation plus the percentage change |
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| 27 | + | HOUSE |
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| 28 | + | 3rd Reading Unamended |
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| 29 | + | March 14, 2025 |
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| 30 | + | HOUSE |
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| 31 | + | 2nd Reading Unamended |
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| 32 | + | March 13, 2025 |
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| 33 | + | SENATE |
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| 34 | + | 3rd Reading Unamended |
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| 35 | + | March 4, 2025 |
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| 36 | + | SENATE |
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| 37 | + | 2nd Reading Unamended |
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| 38 | + | March 3, 2025 |
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| 39 | + | SENATE SPONSORSHIP |
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| 40 | + | Kirkmeyer and Amabile, Bridges, Ball, Coleman, Cutter, Gonzales J., Jodeh, Kipp, |
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| 41 | + | Michaelson Jenet, Pelton B., Snyder, Winter F. |
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| 42 | + | HOUSE SPONSORSHIP |
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| 43 | + | Taggart and Sirota, Bird, Bacon, Boesenecker, Clifford, Espenoza, Garcia, Lindsay, |
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| 44 | + | Phillips, Ricks, Titone, Zokaie |
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| 45 | + | Shading denotes HOUSE amendment. Double underlining denotes SENATE amendment. |
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| 46 | + | Capital letters or bold & italic numbers indicate new material to be added to existing law. |
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| 47 | + | Dashes through the words or numbers indicate deletions from existing law. in state population in the prior calendar year adjusted for revenue changes |
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| 48 | + | approved by voters. Although TABOR does not specify how the state |
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| 49 | + | shall determine the percentage change in state population (population |
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| 50 | + | growth), the TABOR implementing statutes do. For years in which there |
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| 51 | + | is not a decennial census, the TABOR implementing statutes require the |
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| 52 | + | state to calculate population growth by determining the percentage change |
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| 53 | + | between: |
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| 54 | + | ! The federal census bureau's estimate of state population |
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| 55 | + | (census estimate) for the previous calendar year, as of |
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| 56 | + | December in the current calendar year; and |
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| 57 | + | ! The census estimate for the current calendar year, as of |
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| 58 | + | December in the current calendar year. |
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| 59 | + | The current method for calculating population growth can lead to |
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| 60 | + | either double-counting or under-counting population changes in census |
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| 61 | + | estimates. If the federal census bureau revises a census estimate upward |
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| 62 | + | for a given year: |
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| 63 | + | ! The calculated population growth between the given year |
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| 64 | + | and the immediately preceding year will be understated, |
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| 65 | + | since the population growth between those years is based |
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| 66 | + | on an inaccurately low census estimate for the given year; |
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| 67 | + | and |
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| 68 | + | ! The understated population growth between the given year |
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| 69 | + | and the immediately preceding year is not corrected or |
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| 70 | + | carried forward when calculating population growth for |
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| 71 | + | subsequent years, as those calculations are based on the |
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| 72 | + | revised census estimate for the given year. |
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| 73 | + | Put differently, if the federal census bureau revises a census estimate |
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| 74 | + | upward for a given year, population growth will be understated and the |
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| 75 | + | fiscal year spending limit will be lower. The opposite is true if the federal |
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| 76 | + | census bureau revises a census estimate downward. In either case, under |
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| 77 | + | the current method for calculating population growth, population growth |
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| 78 | + | would be measured inaccurately. |
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| 79 | + | The bill adjusts the method of calculating population growth. |
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| 80 | + | Under the bill, population growth is calculated by determining the |
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| 81 | + | percentage change between: |
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| 82 | + | ! The census estimate, as of December in the previous |
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| 83 | + | calendar year, for the previous calendar year; and |
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| 84 | + | ! The census estimate, as of December in the current |
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| 85 | + | calendar year, for the current calendar year. |
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| 86 | + | This approach prevents double-counting or under-counting population |
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| 87 | + | changes as a result of revised census estimates and results in a more |
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| 88 | + | accurate measurement of population growth. |
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| 89 | + | The bill also makes conforming amendments. |
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| 90 | + | 180-2- Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Colorado:1 |
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| 91 | + | SECTION 1. In Colorado Revised Statutes, 24-77-103, amend2 |
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| 92 | + | (2)(b)(I), (2)(b)(II), (2)(b)(II.5)(B), and (2)(b)(II.5)(C); and add3 |
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| 93 | + | (2)(a)(IV) and (2)(b)(I.5) as follows:4 |
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| 94 | + | 24-77-103. Limitation on state fiscal year spending - legislative5 |
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75 | | - | N BOTH HOUSE BILL 02-1310 AND SENATE BILL 02-179, |
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76 | | - | ENACTED IN 2002, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY MODIFIED HOW THE CHANGE IN |
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77 | | - | STATE POPULATION IS CALCULATED FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION |
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78 | | - | 20 (7)(a) OF |
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79 | | - | ARTICLE |
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80 | | - | X OF THE STATE CONSTITUTION, AND THESE BILLS ARE PRESUMED |
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81 | | - | TO BE CONSTITUTIONAL |
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82 | | - | ; AND |
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83 | | - | (G) THEREFORE, IT IS WITHIN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY'S PLENARY |
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84 | | - | POWER AND CONSISTENT WITH SECTION |
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85 | | - | 20 (7)(a) OF ARTICLE X OF THE |
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86 | | - | STATE CONSTITUTION FOR THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY TO ENACT LEGISLATION |
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87 | | - | THAT MODIFIES HOW POPULATION GROWTH IS CALCULATED FOR PURPOSES |
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88 | | - | PAGE 2-SENATE BILL 25-180 OF SECTION 20 (7)(a) OF ARTICLE X OF THE STATE CONSTITUTION TO |
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89 | | - | MITIGATE BOTH POPULATION DOUBLE |
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90 | | - | -COUNTING AND POPULATION |
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91 | | - | UNDER |
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92 | | - | -COUNTING. |
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93 | | - | (b) (I) Except as otherwise provided in subparagraphs (II) and (II.5) |
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94 | | - | of this paragraph (b) SUBSECTIONS (2)(b)(II) AND (2)(b)(II.5) OF THIS |
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95 | | - | SECTION |
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96 | | - | , FOR STATE FISCAL YEARS COMMENCING BEFORE JULY 1, 2024, the |
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97 | | - | percentage change in state population for any given calendar year shall beIS the percentage change between the estimate of state population due to be |
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98 | | - | issued by the United States bureau of census in December of such calendar |
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99 | | - | year with a reference date of July 1 of the same calendar year and the |
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100 | | - | estimate of state population due to be issued by the United States bureau of |
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101 | | - | census in December of the same calendar year with a reference date of July |
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102 | | - | 1 of the immediately preceding calendar year. |
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| 134 | + | N BOTH HOUSE BILL 02-1310 AND SENATE BILL 02-179,9 |
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| 135 | + | ENACTED IN 2002, THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY MODIFIED HOW THE CHANGE10 |
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| 136 | + | IN STATE POPULATION IS CALCULATED FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 20 (7)(a)11 |
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| 137 | + | OF ARTICLE X OF THE STATE CONSTITUTION , AND THESE BILLS ARE12 |
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| 138 | + | PRESUMED TO BE CONSTITUTIONAL ; AND13 |
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| 139 | + | (G) T |
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| 140 | + | HEREFORE, IT IS WITHIN THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY'S PLENARY14 |
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| 141 | + | POWER AND CONSISTENT WITH SECTION 20 (7)(a) OF ARTICLE X OF THE15 |
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| 142 | + | STATE CONSTITUTION FOR THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY TO ENACT16 |
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| 143 | + | LEGISLATION THAT MODIFIES HOW POPULATION GROWTH IS CALCULATED17 |
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| 144 | + | FOR PURPOSES OF SECTION 20 (7)(a) OF ARTICLE X OF THE STATE18 |
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| 145 | + | CONSTITUTION TO MITIGATE BOTH POPULATION DOUBLE -COUNTING AND19 |
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| 146 | + | POPULATION UNDER-COUNTING.20 |
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| 147 | + | (b) (I) Except as otherwise provided in subparagraphs (II) and |
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| 148 | + | 21 |
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| 149 | + | (II.5) of this paragraph (b) SUBSECTIONS (2)(b)(II) AND (2)(b)(II.5) OF22 |
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| 150 | + | THIS SECTION, FOR STATE FISCAL YEARS COMMENCING BEFORE JULY 1,23 |
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| 151 | + | 2024, the percentage change in state population for any given calendar24 |
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| 152 | + | year shall be IS the percentage change between the estimate of state25 |
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| 153 | + | population due to be issued by the United States bureau of census in26 |
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| 154 | + | December of such calendar year with a reference date of July 1 of the27 |
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| 155 | + | 180 |
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| 156 | + | -4- same calendar year and the estimate of state population due to be issued1 |
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| 157 | + | by the United States bureau of census in December of the same calendar2 |
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| 158 | + | year with a reference date of July 1 of the immediately preceding calendar3 |
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| 159 | + | year.4 |
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104 | | - | OR STATE FISCAL YEARS COMMENCING ON OR AFTER JULY 1, |
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105 | | - | 2024, |
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106 | | - | THE PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN STATE POPULATION FOR ANY GIVEN |
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107 | | - | CALENDAR YEAR IS THE PERCENTAGE CHANGE BETWEEN THE ESTIMATE OF |
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108 | | - | STATE POPULATION ISSUED BY THE |
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109 | | - | UNITED STATES BUREAU OF CENSUS IN |
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110 | | - | DECEMBER OF THE CALENDAR YEAR WITH A REFERENCE DATE OF JULY 1 OF |
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111 | | - | THE SAME CALENDAR YEAR AND THE ESTIMATE OF STATE POPULATION |
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112 | | - | ISSUED BY THE |
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113 | | - | UNITED STATES BUREAU OF CENSUS IN DECEMBER OF THE |
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114 | | - | IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING CALENDAR YEAR WITH A REFERENCE DATE OF |
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115 | | - | JULY 1 OF THE IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING CALENDAR YEAR . |
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116 | | - | (II) Except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (II.5) of thisparagraph (b) SUBSECTION (2)(b)(II.5) OF THIS SECTION, for any calendar |
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117 | | - | year for which an estimate of state population is not issued due to the |
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118 | | - | federal census of the United States bureau of census, the percentage change |
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119 | | - | in state population for such calendar year shall be |
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120 | | - | IS the percentage change |
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121 | | - | between the state population as reported in the federal census conducted by |
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122 | | - | the United States bureau of census due in December of such calendar year |
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123 | | - | and the estimate of state population due to be |
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124 | | - | issued by the United States |
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125 | | - | bureau of census in December of the same year IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING |
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126 | | - | CALENDAR YEAR |
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127 | | - | with a reference date of July 1 of the immediately |
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128 | | - | preceding calendar year. |
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129 | | - | (II.5) (B) The difference between the percentage change in state |
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130 | | - | population determined in accordance with subparagraph (II) of thisparagraph (b) SUBSECTION (2)(b)(II) OF THIS SECTION and the reduced |
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131 | | - | PAGE 3-SENATE BILL 25-180 percentage change in state population used to calculate the limitation on |
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132 | | - | state fiscal year spending pursuant to sub-subparagraph (A) of this |
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133 | | - | subparagraph (II.5) shall be SUBSECTION (2)(b)(II.5)(A) OF THIS SECTION IS |
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134 | | - | carried forward as an adjustment of the percentage change in state population determined pursuant to subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (b) |
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135 | | - | SUBSECTION (2)(b)(I) OR (2)(b)(I.5) OF THIS SECTION for a maximum period |
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136 | | - | of nine fiscal years. If the amount of state fiscal year spending for the |
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137 | | - | immediately subsequent fiscal year exceeds the limitation on state fiscal |
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138 | | - | year spending for that fiscal year, the unused adjustment shall be |
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139 | | - | IS added |
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140 | | - | first to the percentage change in state population determined pursuant to |
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141 | | - | subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (b) |
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142 | | - | SUBSECTION (2)(b)(I) OR (2)(b)(I.5) |
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143 | | - | OF THIS SECTION that is included in the percentage of the allowable increase |
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144 | | - | in state fiscal year spending used in calculating the limitation on state fiscal |
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145 | | - | year spending for that fiscal year to the greatest extent possible without |
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146 | | - | causing the limitation on state fiscal year spending to exceed the actual |
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147 | | - | amount of state fiscal year spending for that fiscal year. |
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148 | | - | (C) Any remaining portion of the unused adjustment shall continue |
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149 | | - | to be added, to the greatest extent possible, to the percentage change in state |
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150 | | - | population determined pursuant to subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (b) |
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151 | | - | SUBSECTION (2)(b)(I) OR (2)(b)(I.5) OF THIS SECTION that is included in the |
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152 | | - | percentage of allowable increase in state fiscal year spending used in |
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153 | | - | calculating the limitation on state fiscal year spending for subsequent fiscal |
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154 | | - | years without causing the limitation on state fiscal year spending for a given |
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155 | | - | fiscal year to exceed the actual amount of state fiscal year spending for that |
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156 | | - | fiscal year. |
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157 | | - | SECTION 2. Safety clause. The general assembly finds, |
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158 | | - | determines, and declares that this act is necessary for the immediate |
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159 | | - | preservation of the public peace, health, or safety or for appropriations for |
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160 | | - | PAGE 4-SENATE BILL 25-180 the support and maintenance of the departments of the state and state |
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161 | | - | institutions. |
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162 | | - | ____________________________ ____________________________ |
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163 | | - | James Rashad Coleman, Sr. Julie McCluskie |
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164 | | - | PRESIDENT OF SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE |
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165 | | - | THE SENATE OF REPRESENTATIVES |
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166 | | - | ____________________________ ____________________________ |
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167 | | - | Esther van Mourik Vanessa Reilly |
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168 | | - | SECRETARY OF CHIEF CLERK OF THE HOUSE |
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169 | | - | THE SENATE OF REPRESENTATIVES |
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170 | | - | APPROVED________________________________________ |
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171 | | - | (Date and Time) |
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172 | | - | _________________________________________ |
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173 | | - | Jared S. Polis |
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174 | | - | GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF COLORADO |
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175 | | - | PAGE 5-SENATE BILL 25-180 |
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| 161 | + | OR STATE FISCAL YEARS COMMENCING ON OR AFTER JULY5 |
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| 162 | + | 1, |
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| 163 | + | 2024, THE PERCENTAGE CHANGE IN STATE POPULATION FOR ANY GIVEN6 |
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| 164 | + | CALENDAR YEAR IS THE PERCENTAGE CHANGE BETWEEN THE ESTIMATE OF7 |
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| 165 | + | STATE POPULATION ISSUED BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF CENSUS IN8 |
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| 166 | + | D |
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| 167 | + | ECEMBER OF THE CALENDAR YEAR WITH A REFERENCE DATE OF JULY 19 |
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| 168 | + | OF THE SAME CALENDAR YEAR AND THE ESTIMATE OF STATE POPULATION10 |
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| 169 | + | ISSUED BY THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF CENSUS IN DECEMBER OF THE11 |
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| 170 | + | IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING CALENDAR YEAR WITH A REFERENCE DATE OF12 |
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| 171 | + | J |
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| 172 | + | ULY 1 OF THE IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING CALENDAR YEAR .13 |
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| 173 | + | (II) Except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (II.5) of this |
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| 174 | + | 14 |
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| 175 | + | paragraph (b) SUBSECTION (2)(b)(II.5) OF THIS SECTION, for any calendar15 |
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| 176 | + | year for which an estimate of state population is not issued due to the16 |
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| 177 | + | federal census of the United States bureau of census, the percentage17 |
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| 178 | + | change in state population for such calendar year shall be IS the18 |
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| 179 | + | percentage change between the state population as reported in the federal19 |
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| 180 | + | census conducted by the United States bureau of census due in December20 |
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| 181 | + | of such calendar year and the estimate of state population due to be issued21 |
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| 182 | + | by the United States bureau of census in December of the same year22 |
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| 183 | + | IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING CALENDAR YEAR with a reference date of July23 |
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| 184 | + | 1 of the immediately preceding calendar year.24 |
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| 185 | + | (II.5) (B) The difference between the percentage change in state25 |
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| 186 | + | population determined in accordance with subparagraph (II) of this26 |
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| 187 | + | paragraph (b) SUBSECTION (2)(b)(II) OF THIS SECTION and the reduced27 |
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| 188 | + | 180 |
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| 189 | + | -5- percentage change in state population used to calculate the limitation on1 |
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| 190 | + | state fiscal year spending pursuant to sub-subparagraph (A) of this2 |
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| 191 | + | subparagraph (II.5) shall be SUBSECTION (2)(b)(II.5)(A) OF THIS SECTION3 |
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| 192 | + | IS carried forward as an adjustment of the percentage change in state4 |
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| 193 | + | population determined pursuant to subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (b)5 |
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| 194 | + | SUBSECTION (2)(b)(I) OR (2)(b)(I.5) OF THIS SECTION for a maximum6 |
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| 195 | + | period of nine fiscal years. If the amount of state fiscal year spending for7 |
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| 196 | + | the immediately subsequent fiscal year exceeds the limitation on state8 |
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| 197 | + | fiscal year spending for that fiscal year, the unused adjustment shall be IS9 |
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| 198 | + | added first to the percentage change in state population determined10 |
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| 199 | + | pursuant to subparagraph (I) of this paragraph (b) SUBSECTION (2)(b)(I)11 |
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| 200 | + | OR (2)(b)(I.5) OF THIS SECTION that is included in the percentage of the12 |
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| 201 | + | allowable increase in state fiscal year spending used in calculating the13 |
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| 202 | + | limitation on state fiscal year spending for that fiscal year to the greatest14 |
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| 203 | + | extent possible without causing the limitation on state fiscal year15 |
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| 204 | + | spending to exceed the actual amount of state fiscal year spending for that16 |
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| 205 | + | fiscal year.17 |
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| 206 | + | (C) Any remaining portion of the unused adjustment shall18 |
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| 207 | + | continue to be added, to the greatest extent possible, to the percentage19 |
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| 208 | + | change in state population determined pursuant to subparagraph (I) of this20 |
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| 209 | + | paragraph (b) SUBSECTION (2)(b)(I) OR (2)(b)(I.5) OF THIS SECTION that21 |
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| 210 | + | is included in the percentage of allowable increase in state fiscal year22 |
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| 211 | + | spending used in calculating the limitation on state fiscal year spending23 |
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| 212 | + | for subsequent fiscal years without causing the limitation on state fiscal24 |
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| 213 | + | year spending for a given fiscal year to exceed the actual amount of state25 |
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| 214 | + | fiscal year spending for that fiscal year.26 |
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| 215 | + | SECTION 2. Safety clause. The general assembly finds,27 |
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| 216 | + | 180 |
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| 217 | + | -6- determines, and declares that this act is necessary for the immediate1 |
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| 218 | + | preservation of the public peace, health, or safety or for appropriations for2 |
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| 219 | + | the support and maintenance of the departments of the state and state3 |
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| 220 | + | institutions.4 |
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| 221 | + | 180 |
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| 222 | + | -7- |
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