Connecticut 2019 Regular Session

Connecticut House Bill HB07144 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.
OldNewDifferences
11
22
33 LCO No. 4267 1 of 12
44
55 General Assembly Raised Bill No. 7144
66 January Session, 2019
77 LCO No. 4267
88
99
1010 Referred to Committee on PUBLIC SAFETY AND SECURITY
1111
1212
1313 Introduced by:
1414 (PS)
1515
1616
1717
1818
1919 AN ACT CONCERNING SM ALL HOT WATER HEATERS, CERTAIN
2020 CERTIFICATION BY STATE AGENCIES AND THE CONNECTICUT
2121 AIRPORT AUTHORITY, COMMUNICATIONS WITH T HE BUILDING
2222 INSPECTOR AND STATE FIRE MARSHAL AND REV ISIONS TO
2323 OTHER STATUTES RELAT ED TO BUILDINGS AND FIRE SAFETY.
2424 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General
2525 Assembly convened:
2626
2727 Section 1. Section 29-231 of the general statutes is repealed and the 1
2828 following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective from passage): 2
2929 The provisions of this chapter shall not apply to: (1) Boilers under 3
3030 federal control; (2) portable boilers used in pumping, heating, 4
3131 steaming and drilling in the open field; (3) portable boilers used solely 5
3232 for agricultural purposes; (4) steam heating boilers, hot water heaters 6
3333 and hot water heating boilers, when used in private homes or 7
3434 apartment houses of not more than five families; (5) hot water heaters 8
3535 approved by a nationally recognized testing agency that are equipped 9
3636 with adequate safety devices including a temperature and pressure 10
3737 relief valve, [having a] and (A) (i) have a nominal water capacity of not 11
3838 more than one hundred twenty gallons and a heat input of not more 12
3939 than two hundred thousand British thermal units per hour, [and] (ii) 13 Raised Bill No. 7144
4040
4141
4242
4343 LCO No. 4267 2 of 12
4444
4545 are used solely for hot water supply carrying a pressure of not more 14
4646 than one hundred sixty pounds per square inch and operating at 15
4747 temperatures of not more than two hundred ten degrees Fahrenheit, 16
4848 [provided such heaters] and (iii) are not installed in schools, day care 17
4949 centers, public or private hospitals, nursing or boarding homes, 18
5050 churches or public buildings, as defined in section 1-1, or (B) have a 19
5151 nominal water capacity of not more than ten gallons and a heat input 20
5252 of not more than twenty thousand British thermal units per hour in 21
5353 any occupancy; (6) antique or model boilers used in public, nonprofit 22
5454 engineering or scientific museums and operated for educational, 23
5555 historical or exhibition purposes having a shell diameter of less than 24
5656 twelve inches and a grate surface area of less than one square foot; and 25
5757 (7) public service companies, as defined in section 16-1. 26
5858 Sec. 2. Section 29-252a of the general statutes is repealed and the 27
5959 following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective from passage): 28
6060 (a) The State Building Code, including any amendment to said code 29
6161 adopted by the State Building Inspector and Codes and Standards 30
6262 Committee, shall be the building code for all state agencies and the 31
6363 Connecticut Airport Authority. 32
6464 (b) (1) No state or Connecticut Airport Authority building or 33
6565 structure or addition to a state or Connecticut Airport Authority 34
6666 building or structure: (A) That exceeds the threshold limits contained 35
6767 in section 29-276b and requires an independent structural review 36
6868 under said section, or (B) that includes residential occupancies for 37
6969 twenty-five or more persons, shall be constructed until an application 38
7070 has been filed by (i) the commissioner of an agency authorized to 39
7171 contract for the construction of buildings under the provisions of 40
7272 section 4b-1 or 4b-51, or (ii) the executive director of the Connecticut 41
7373 Airport Authority, with the State Building Inspector and a building 42
7474 permit is issued by the State Building Inspector. Two copies of the 43
7575 plans and specifications for the building, structure or addition to be 44
7676 constructed shall accompany the application. [The commissioner of 45
7777 any such agency or the executive director of the Connecticut Airport 46 Raised Bill No. 7144
7878
7979
8080
8181 LCO No. 4267 3 of 12
8282
8383 Authority shall certify that such plans and specifications are in 47
8484 substantial compliance with the provisions of the State Building Code 48
8585 and, where applicable, with the provisions of the Fire Safety Code.] 49
8686 The State Building Inspector shall review the plans and specifications 50
8787 for the building, structure or addition to be constructed to verify their 51
8888 compliance with the requirements of the State Building Code and, not 52
8989 later than thirty days after the date of application, shall issue or refuse 53
9090 to issue the building permit, in whole or in part. The State Building 54
9191 Inspector may request that the State Fire Marshal review such plans to 55
9292 verify their compliance with the Fire Safety Code. 56
9393 (2) On and after July 1, 1999, the State Building Inspector shall 57
9494 assess an education fee on each building permit application. During 58
9595 the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1999, the amount of such fee shall be 59
9696 sixteen cents per one thousand dollars of construction value as 60
9797 declared on the building permit application, and the State Building 61
9898 Inspector shall remit such fees, quarterly, to the Department of 62
9999 Administrative Services, for deposit in the General Fund. Upon 63
100100 deposit in the General Fund, the amount of such fees shall be credited 64
101101 to the appropriation to the Department of Administrative Services and 65
102102 shall be used for the code training and educational programs 66
103103 established pursuant to section 29-251c. On and after July 1, 2000, the 67
104104 assessment shall be made in accordance with regulations adopted 68
105105 pursuant to subsection (d) of section 29-251c. 69
106106 (c) All state agencies authorized to contract for the construction of 70
107107 any buildings or the alteration of any existing buildings under the 71
108108 provisions of section 4b-1 or 4b-51 or, for any such Connecticut Airport 72
109109 Authority building, the Connecticut Airport Authority, shall be 73
110110 responsible for substantial compliance with the provisions of the State 74
111111 Building Code, the Fire Safety Code and the regulations lawfully 75
112112 adopted under said codes for such building or alteration to such 76
113113 building, as the case may be. Such agencies and the Connecticut 77
114114 Airport Authority shall apply to the State Building Inspector for a 78
115115 certificate of occupancy for all buildings or alterations of existing 79
116116 buildings for which a building permit is required under subsection (b) 80 Raised Bill No. 7144
117117
118118
119119
120120 LCO No. 4267 4 of 12
121121
122122 of this section [and shall certify compliance with the State Building 81
123123 Code, the Fire Safety Code and the regulations lawfully adopted under 82
124124 said codes for such building or alteration to such building, as the case 83
125125 may be, to the State Building Inspector] prior to occupancy or use of 84
126126 the facility. 85
127127 (d) (1) No state or Connecticut Airport Authority building or 86
128128 structure erected or altered on and after July 1, 1989, for which a 87
129129 building permit has been issued pursuant to subsection (b) of this 88
130130 section, shall be occupied or used in whole or in part, until a certificate 89
131131 of occupancy has been issued by the State Building Inspector, 90
132132 certifying that such building or structure substantially conforms to the 91
133133 provisions of the State Building Code and the regulations lawfully 92
134134 adopted under said code and the State Fire Marshal has verified 93
135135 substantial compliance with the Fire Safety Code and the regulations 94
136136 lawfully adopted under said code for such building or alteration to 95
137137 such building, as the case may be. 96
138138 (2) No state or Connecticut Airport Authority building or structure 97
139139 erected or altered on and after July 1, 1989, for which a building permit 98
140140 has not been issued pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, shall be 99
141141 occupied or used in whole or in part, until the commissioner of the 100
142142 agency erecting or altering the building or structure or, for any 101
143143 Connecticut Airport Authority building or structure, the executive 102
144144 director of the Connecticut Airport Authority, certifies to the State 103
145145 Building Inspector that the building or structure substantially complies 104
146146 with the provisions of the State Building Code, the Fire Safety Code 105
147147 and the regulations lawfully adopted under said codes for such 106
148148 building or alteration to such building, as the case may be. 107
149149 (e) The State Building Inspector or said inspector's designee may 108
150150 inspect or cause to be inspected any construction of buildings or 109
151151 alteration of existing buildings by state agencies or the Connecticut 110
152152 Airport Authority, except that said inspector or designee shall inspect 111
153153 or cause an inspection if the building being constructed includes 112
154154 residential occupancies for twenty-five or more persons. The State 113 Raised Bill No. 7144
155155
156156
157157
158158 LCO No. 4267 5 of 12
159159
160160 Building Inspector may order any state agency or the Connecticut 114
161161 Airport Authority to comply with the State Building Code. The 115
162162 commissioner may delegate such powers as the commissioner deems 116
163163 expedient for the proper administration of this part and any other 117
164164 statute related to the State Building Code to The University of 118
165165 Connecticut, provided the commissioner and the president of The 119
166166 University of Connecticut enter into a memorandum of understanding 120
167167 concerning such delegation of powers in accordance with section 10a-121
168168 109ff. 122
169169 [(f) The joint standing committee of the General Assembly having 123
170170 cognizance of matters relating to the Department of Administrative 124
171171 Services may annually review the implementation date in subsection 125
172172 (b) of this section to determine the need, if any, for revision.] 126
173173 [(g)] (f) Any person aggrieved by any refusal to issue a building 127
174174 permit or certificate of occupancy under the provisions of this section 128
175175 or by an order to comply with the State Building Code or the Fire 129
176176 Safety Code may appeal, de novo, to the Codes and Standards 130
177177 Committee not later than seven days after the issuance of any such 131
178178 refusal or order. 132
179179 [(h)] (g) State agencies and the Connecticut Airport Authority shall 133
180180 be exempt from the permit requirements of section 29-263, as amended 134
181181 by this act, and the certificate of occupancy requirement under section 135
182182 29-265, as amended by this act. 136
183183 Sec. 3. Section 29-254 of the general statutes is repealed and the 137
184184 following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective from passage): 138
185185 (a) Any town, city or borough or any interested person may propose 139
186186 amendments to the State Building Code, which proposed amendments 140
187187 may be either applicable to all municipalities or, where it is alleged 141
188188 and established that conditions exist within a municipality which are 142
189189 not generally found within other municipalities, any such amendment 143
190190 may be restricted in application to such municipality. Each 144
191191 amendment to the State Building Code shall be adopted in accordance 145 Raised Bill No. 7144
192192
193193
194194
195195 LCO No. 4267 6 of 12
196196
197197 with the provisions of section 29-252b. 146
198198 (b) The State Building Inspector or his or her designee may grant 147
199199 variations or exemptions from, or approve equivalent or alternate 148
200200 compliance with, the State Building Code where strict compliance with 149
201201 the code would entail practical difficulty or unnecessary hardship, or is 150
202202 otherwise adjudged unwarranted, provided the intent of the law shall 151
203203 be observed and public welfare and safety be assured. Any application 152
204204 for a variation or exemption or equivalent or alternate compliance 153
205205 received by a local building official shall be forwarded to the State 154
206206 Building Inspector [by first class mail] not later than fifteen business 155
207207 days after receipt by such local building official and shall be 156
208208 accompanied by a letter from such local building official that shall 157
209209 include comments on the merits of the application. Any such 158
210210 determination by the State Building Inspector or his or her designee 159
211211 shall be in writing. Any person aggrieved by any decision of the State 160
212212 Building Inspector or his or her designee may appeal to the Codes and 161
213213 Standards Committee not later than thirty days after [mailing of] the 162
214214 date of the [decision] decision's issuance. Any person aggrieved by any 163
215215 ruling of the Codes and Standards Committee may appeal [to the 164
216216 superior court for the judicial district wherein the premises concerned 165
217217 are located] in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d) of 166
218218 section 29-266, as amended by this act. 167
219219 Sec. 4. Section 29-263 of the general statutes is repealed and the 168
220220 following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective from passage): 169
221221 (a) Except as provided in subsection [(h)] (g) of section 29-252a, as 170
222222 amended by this act, and the State Building Code adopted pursuant to 171
223223 subsection (a) of section 29-252, after October 1, 1970, no building or 172
224224 structure shall be constructed or altered until an application has been 173
225225 filed with the building official and a permit issued. Such permit shall 174
226226 be issued or refused, in whole or in part, within thirty days after the 175
227227 date of an application. No permit shall be issued except upon 176
228228 application of the owner of the premises affected or the owner's 177
229229 authorized agent. No permit shall be issued to a contractor who is 178 Raised Bill No. 7144
230230
231231
232232
233233 LCO No. 4267 7 of 12
234234
235235 required to be registered pursuant to chapter 400, for work to be 179
236236 performed by such contractor, unless the name, business address and 180
237237 Department of Consumer Protection registration number of such 181
238238 contractor is clearly marked on the application for the permit, and the 182
239239 contractor has presented such contractor's certificate of registration as 183
240240 a home improvement contractor. Prior to the issuance of a permit and 184
241241 within said thirty-day period, the building official shall review the 185
242242 plans of buildings or structures to be constructed or altered, including, 186
243243 but not limited to, plans prepared by an architect licensed pursuant to 187
244244 chapter 390, a professional engineer licensed pursuant to chapter 391 188
245245 or an interior designer registered pursuant to chapter 396a acting 189
246246 within the scope of such license or registration, to determine their 190
247247 compliance with the requirements of the State Building Code and, 191
248248 where applicable, the local fire marshal shall review such plans to 192
249249 determine their compliance with the Fire Safety Code and the State 193
250250 Fire Prevention Code. Such plans submitted for review shall be in 194
251251 substantial compliance with the provisions of the State Building Code 195
252252 and, where applicable, with the provisions of the Fire Safety Code and 196
253253 the State Fire Prevention Code. 197
254254 (b) On and after July 1, 1999, the building official shall assess an 198
255255 education fee on each building permit application. During the fiscal 199
256256 year commencing July 1, 1999, the amount of such fee shall be sixteen 200
257257 cents per one thousand dollars of construction value as declared on the 201
258258 building permit application and the building official shall remit such 202
259259 fees quarterly to the Department of Administrative Services, for 203
260260 deposit in the General Fund. Upon deposit in the General Fund, the 204
261261 amount of such fees shall be credited to the appropriation to the 205
262262 Department of Administrative Services and shall be used for the code 206
263263 training and educational programs established pursuant to section 29-207
264264 251c and the educational programs required in subsections (a) and (b) 208
265265 of section 29-262. On and after July 1, 2000, the assessment shall be 209
266266 made in accordance with regulations adopted pursuant to subsection 210
267267 (d) of section 29-251c. All fees collected pursuant to this subsection 211
268268 shall be maintained in a separate account by the local building 212 Raised Bill No. 7144
269269
270270
271271
272272 LCO No. 4267 8 of 12
273273
274274 department. During the fiscal year commencing July 1, 1999, the local 213
275275 building department may retain two per cent of such fees for 214
276276 administrative costs incurred in collecting such fees and maintaining 215
277277 such account. On and after July 1, 2000, the portion of such fees which 216
278278 may be retained by a local building department shall be determined in 217
279279 accordance with regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (d) of 218
280280 section 29-251c. No building official shall assess such education fee on 219
281281 a building permit application to repair or replace a concrete 220
282282 foundation that has deteriorated due to the presence of pyrrhotite. 221
283283 (c) Any municipality may, by ordinance adopted by its legislative 222
284284 body, exempt Class I renewable energy source projects from payment 223
285285 of building permit fees imposed by the municipality. 224
286286 (d) Notwithstanding any municipal charter, home rule ordinance or 225
287287 special act, no municipality shall collect an application fee on a 226
288288 building permit application to repair or replace a concrete foundation 227
289289 that has deteriorated due to the presence of pyrrhotite. 228
290290 Sec. 5. Section 29-265 of the general statutes is repealed and the 229
291291 following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective from passage): 230
292292 (a) Except as provided in subsection [(h)] (g) of section 29-252a, as 231
293293 amended by this act, no building or structure erected or altered in any 232
294294 municipality after October 1, 1970, shall be occupied or used, in whole 233
295295 or in part, until a certificate of occupancy, as defined in the regulations 234
296296 adopted under section 29-252, has been issued by the building official, 235
297297 certifying that such building, structure or work performed pursuant to 236
298298 the building permit substantially conforms to the provisions of the 237
299299 State Building Code and the regulations lawfully adopted under said 238
300300 code. Nothing in the code or in this part shall require the removal, 239
301301 alteration or abandonment of, or prevent the continuance of the use 240
302302 and occupancy of, any single-family dwelling but within six years of 241
303303 the date of occupancy of such dwelling after substantial completion of 242
304304 construction of, alteration to or addition to such dwelling, or of a 243
305305 building lawfully existing on October 1, 1945, except as may be 244 Raised Bill No. 7144
306306
307307
308308
309309 LCO No. 4267 9 of 12
310310
311311 necessary for the safety of life or property. The use of a building or 245
312312 premises shall not be deemed to have changed because of a temporary 246
313313 vacancy or change of ownership or tenancy. 247
314314 (b) No building official shall refuse to issue a certificate of 248
315315 occupancy for any single-family dwelling because such dwelling is not 249
316316 connected to an electric utility if such dwelling is otherwise in 250
317317 conformity with the requirements of this section and applicable local 251
318318 health codes and is equipped with an alternative energy system. A 252
319319 certificate issued under this section shall contain a statement that an 253
320320 alternative energy system is in place. For the purposes of this 254
321321 subsection, "alternative energy system" means any system or 255
322322 mechanism which uses solar radiation, wind, water, biomass or 256
323323 geothermal resources as the primary source for the generation of 257
324324 electrical energy. 258
325325 (c) Nine years from the date of issuance of a building permit issued 259
326326 pursuant to section 29-263, as amended by this act, for construction or 260
327327 alteration of a one-family dwelling, two-family dwelling or structure 261
328328 located on the same parcel as a one-family dwelling or two-family 262
329329 dwelling, for which construction or alteration a certificate of 263
330330 occupancy, as defined in the regulations adopted pursuant to section 264
331331 29-252, has not been issued by the building official, such building 265
332332 permit shall be deemed closed. Following such nine-year period, no 266
333333 enforcement action based upon work commenced or completed 267
334334 pursuant to an open building permit shall be commenced. No 268
335335 municipality or officer or employee of any such municipality shall be 269
336336 liable concerning any claim relating to the closure of a building permit 270
337337 pursuant to this section. For the purposes of this section, "structure" 271
338338 has the same meaning as in the zoning regulations for the municipality 272
339339 in which the building permit was issued, or if undefined by such 273
340340 regulations, "structure" means any combination of materials that is 274
341341 affixed to the land, including, but not limited to, a shed, garage, sign, 275
342342 fence, wall, pool, patio, tennis court or deck. 276
343343 Sec. 6. Subsection (d) of section 29-266 of the general statutes is 277 Raised Bill No. 7144
344344
345345
346346
347347 LCO No. 4267 10 of 12
348348
349349 repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective from 278
350350 passage): 279
351351 (d) Any person aggrieved by any ruling of the Codes and Standards 280
352352 Committee may appeal within forty-five days in accordance with the 281
353353 provisions of section 4-183 to the superior court for the judicial district 282
354354 where such building or structure has been or is being erected. 283
355355 Sec. 7. Subsection (b) of section 29-269 of the general statutes is 284
356356 repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective from 285
357357 passage): 286
358358 (b) Any variation of or exemption from any provision of (1) the State 287
359359 Building Code relating to accessibility to, and use of, buildings and 288
360360 structures by persons with disabilities, (2) subsection (i) of section 14-289
361361 253a, (3) section 29-273, or (4) section 29-274, shall be permitted only 290
362362 when approved by the State Building Inspector or his or her designee. 291
363363 Any person, agent of the state, municipality or any other political 292
364364 subdivision of the state may apply to the State Building Inspector to 293
365365 vary or set aside standards incorporated in the State Building Code 294
366366 pursuant to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section. The State 295
367367 Building Inspector or his or her designee shall, within thirty days of 296
368368 receipt, review the application, and render a decision to accept or reject 297
369369 the application in whole or in part. The State Building Inspector or his 298
370370 or her designee may approve a variation of or exemption from any 299
371371 such standard or specification when the State Building Inspector or his 300
372372 or her designee determines that the standard or specification would 301
373373 not be feasible or would unreasonably complicate the construction, 302
374374 alteration or repair in question. Such determination shall be in writing, 303
375375 shall state the reasons therefor and if it sets aside any such standard or 304
376376 specification, a copy of such determination shall be published 305
377377 electronically by the State Building Inspector on the Internet web site 306
378378 of the Department of Administrative Services. Any person aggrieved 307
379379 by any such decision may appeal to the Codes and Standards 308
380380 Committee within thirty days after such decision has been rendered. 309 Raised Bill No. 7144
381381
382382
383383
384384 LCO No. 4267 11 of 12
385385
386386 Sec. 8. Section 29-291b of the general statutes is repealed and the 310
387387 following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective from passage): 311
388388 The State Fire Marshal may grant variations or exemptions from, or 312
389389 approve equivalent or alternate compliance with, particular provisions 313
390390 of the State Fire Prevention Code where strict compliance with such 314
391391 provisions would entail practical difficulty or unnecessary hardship, or 315
392392 is otherwise adjudged unwarranted, provided any such variation or 316
393393 exemption or approved equivalent or alternate compliance shall, in the 317
394394 opinion of the State Fire Marshal, secure the public safety. Any 318
395395 application for a variation or exemption or equivalent or alternate 319
396396 compliance received by a local fire marshal shall be forwarded to the 320
397397 State Fire Marshal [by first class mail] not later than fifteen business 321
398398 days after the receipt of such application by the local fire marshal and 322
399399 accompanied by a letter containing the local fire marshal's comments 323
400400 on the merits of the application. 324
401401 Sec. 9. Section 29-296 of the general statutes is repealed and the 325
402402 following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective from passage): 326
403403 The State Fire Marshal may grant variations or exemptions from, or 327
404404 approve equivalent or alternate compliance with, particular provisions 328
405405 of any regulation issued under the provisions of section 29-292 where 329
406406 strict compliance with such provisions would entail practical difficulty 330
407407 or unnecessary hardship, or is otherwise adjudged unwarranted, 331
408408 provided any such variation or exemption or approved equivalent or 332
409409 alternate compliance shall, in the opinion of the State Fire Marshal, 333
410410 secure the public safety. Any application for a variation or exemption 334
411411 or equivalent or alternate compliance received by a local fire marshal 335
412412 shall be forwarded to the State Fire Marshal [by first class mail] within 336
413413 fifteen business days of receipt by such local fire marshal and shall be 337
414414 accompanied by a letter from such local fire marshal that shall include 338
415415 comments on the merits of the application. 339
416416 Sec. 10. Sections 29-258 and 29-307 of the general statutes are 340
417417 repealed. (Effective from passage) 341 Raised Bill No. 7144
418418
419419
420420
421421 LCO No. 4267 12 of 12
422422
423423 This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following
424424 sections:
425425
426426 Section 1 from passage 29-231
427427 Sec. 2 from passage 29-252a
428428 Sec. 3 from passage 29-254
429429 Sec. 4 from passage 29-263
430430 Sec. 5 from passage 29-265
431431 Sec. 6 from passage 29-266(d)
432432 Sec. 7 from passage 29-269(b)
433433 Sec. 8 from passage 29-291b
434434 Sec. 9 from passage 29-296
435435 Sec. 10 from passage Repealer section
436436
437437 Statement of Purpose:
438438 To (1) add an exemption concerning small water heaters from the
439439 provisions of chapter 540 of the general statutes, (2) delete the
440440 requirement that state agencies and the Connecticut Airport Authority
441441 certify that plans and projects comply with the State Building Code
442442 and Fire Safety Code, (3) eliminate the legislature's ability to revise the
443443 implementation date for state and Connecticut Airport Authority
444444 buildings, (4) authorize the State Building Inspector's designee to grant
445445 certain variations and exemptions, (5) eliminate the requirement that
446446 certain applications be mailed to the State Building Inspector and State
447447 Fire Marshal, (6) require plans of buildings or structures to be
448448 constructed to comply with the State Fire Prevention Code, (7) repeal
449449 the requirement that the Commissioner of Administrative Services
450450 conduct a certain educational program, and (8) repeal the statutory
451451 authority of a local fire marshal to order the removal of fire hazards
452452 from manufacturing establishments.
453453 [Proposed deletions are enclosed in brackets. Proposed additions are indicated by underline,
454454 except that when the entire text of a bill or resolution or a section of a bill or resolution is new, it is
455455 not underlined.]
456456