Connecticut 2021 Regular Session

Connecticut House Bill HB06613 Compare Versions

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33 LCO No. 4642 1 of 10
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55 General Assembly Raised Bill No. 6613
66 January Session, 2021
77 LCO No. 4642
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1010 Referred to Committee on PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT
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1313 Introduced by:
1414 (PD)
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1919 AN ACT CONCERNING AC CESSORY APARTMENTS, MIDDLE
2020 HOUSING AND MULTIFAM ILY HOUSING.
2121 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General
2222 Assembly convened:
2323
2424 Section 1. Section 8-1aa of the general statutes is repealed and the 1
2525 following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 2
2626 As used in section 8-2, as amended by this act, and sections 3 and 4 3
2727 of this act: 4
2828 (1) "Traprock ridge" means Beacon Hill, Saltonstall Mountain, 5
2929 Totoket Mountain, Pistapaug Mountain, Fowler Mountain, Beseck 6
3030 Mountain, Higby Mountain, Chauncey Peak, Lamentation Mountain, 7
3131 Cathole Mountain, South Mountain, East Peak, West Peak, Short 8
3232 Mountain, Ragged Mountain, Bradley Mountain, Pinnacle Rock, 9
3333 Rattlesnake Mountain, Talcott Mountain, Hatchett Hill, Peak Mountain, 10
3434 West Suffield Mountain, Cedar Mountain, East Rock, Mount Sanford, 11
3535 Prospect Ridge, Peck Mountain, West Rock, Sleeping Giant, Pond Ledge 12
3636 Hill, Onion Mountain, The Sugarloaf, The Hedgehog, West Mountains, 13
3737 The Knolls, Barndoor Hills, Stony Hill, Manitook Mountain, Rattlesnake 14
3838 Hill, Durkee Hill, East Hill, Rag Land, Bear Hill, Orenaug Hills; 15 Raised Bill No. 6613
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4242 LCO No. 4642 2 of 10
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4444 (2) "Amphibolite ridge" means Huckleberry Hill, East Hill, Ratlum 16
4545 Hill, Mount Hoar, Sweetheart Mountain; 17
4646 (3) "Ridgeline" means the line on a traprock or amphibolite ridge 18
4747 created by all points at the top of a fifty per cent slope, which is 19
4848 maintained for a distance of fifty horizontal feet perpendicular to the 20
4949 slope and which consists of surficial basalt geology, identified on the 21
5050 map prepared by Stone et al., United States Geological Survey, entitled 22
5151 "Surficial Materials Map of Connecticut"; 23
5252 (4) "Ridgeline setback area" means the area bounded by (A) a line that 24
5353 parallels the ridgeline at a distance of one hundred fifty feet on the more 25
5454 wooded side of the ridge, and (B) the contour line where a ridge of less 26
5555 than fifty per cent is maintained for fifty feet or more on the rockier side 27
5656 of the slope, mapped pursuant to section 8-2, as amended by this act; 28
5757 (5) "Development" means the construction, reconstruction, alteration, 29
5858 or expansion of a building; [and] 30
5959 (6) "Building" means any structure other than (A) a facility as defined 31
6060 in section 16-50i or (B) structures of a relatively slender nature compared 32
6161 to the buildings to which they are associated, including but not limited 33
6262 to chimneys, flagpoles, antennas, utility poles and steeples; [.] 34
6363 (7) "Accessory apartment" means a separate living unit that (A) is 35
6464 located on the same lot as a larger principal dwelling unit, (B) has a 36
6565 kitchen, (C) has a square footage that is not more than thirty per cent of 37
6666 the total square footage of the principal dwelling unit, (D) is not billed 38
6767 separately from the principal dwelling unit for utilities, and (E) complies 39
6868 with the building code and health and safety regulations; 40
6969 (8) "Middle housing" includes duplexes, triplexes, quadplexes, 41
7070 cottage clusters and townhouses; 42
7171 (9) "Cottage cluster" means a grouping of four or more detached 43
7272 dwelling units per acre, located around a common open area; and 44
7373 (10) "Townhouse" means a residential building constructed in a 45 Raised Bill No. 6613
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7979 grouping of three or more attached units, each of which shares at least 46
8080 one common wall with an adjacent unit and has exterior walls on at least 47
8181 two sides. 48
8282 Sec. 2. Subsection (a) of section 8-2 of the general statutes is repealed 49
8383 and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 50
8484 (a) The zoning commission of each city, town or borough is 51
8585 authorized to regulate, within the limits of such municipality, the 52
8686 height, number of stories and size of buildings and other structures; the 53
8787 percentage of the area of the lot that may be occupied; the size of yards, 54
8888 courts and other open spaces; the density of population and the location 55
8989 and use of buildings, structures and land for trade, industry, residence 56
9090 or other purposes, including water-dependent uses, as defined in 57
9191 section 22a-93, and the height, size, location, brightness and 58
9292 illumination of advertising signs and billboards. Such bulk regulations 59
9393 may allow for cluster development, as defined in section 8-18. Such 60
9494 zoning commission may divide the municipality into districts of such 61
9595 number, shape and area as may be best suited to carry out the purposes 62
9696 of this chapter; and, within such districts, it may regulate the erection, 63
9797 construction, reconstruction, alteration or use of buildings or structures 64
9898 and the use of land. All such regulations shall be uniform for each class 65
9999 or kind of buildings, structures or use of land throughout each district, 66
100100 but the regulations in one district may differ from those in another 67
101101 district, and may provide that certain classes or kinds of buildings, 68
102102 structures or uses of land are permitted only after obtaining a special 69
103103 permit or special exception from a zoning commission, planning 70
104104 commission, combined planning and zoning commission or zoning 71
105105 board of appeals, whichever commission or board the regulations may, 72
106106 notwithstanding any special act to the contrary, designate, subject to 73
107107 standards set forth in the regulations and to conditions necessary to 74
108108 protect the public health, safety, convenience and property values. Such 75
109109 regulations shall be made in accordance with a comprehensive plan and 76
110110 in adopting such regulations the commission shall consider the plan of 77
111111 conservation and development prepared under section 8-23. Such 78
112112 regulations shall be designed to lessen congestion in the streets; to 79 Raised Bill No. 6613
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118118 secure safety from fire, panic, flood and other dangers; to promote 80
119119 health and the general welfare; to provide adequate light and air; to 81
120120 prevent the overcrowding of land; to avoid undue concentration of 82
121121 population and to facilitate the adequate provision for transportation, 83
122122 water, sewerage, schools, parks and other public requirements. Such 84
123123 regulations shall be made with reasonable consideration as to the 85
124124 character of the district and its peculiar suitability for particular uses 86
125125 and with a view to conserving the value of buildings and encouraging 87
126126 the most appropriate use of land throughout such municipality. Such 88
127127 regulations may, to the extent consistent with soil types, terrain, 89
128128 infrastructure capacity and the plan of conservation and development 90
129129 for the community, provide for cluster development, as defined in 91
130130 section 8-18, in residential zones. Such regulations shall also encourage 92
131131 the development of housing opportunities, including opportunities for 93
132132 [multifamily dwellings, consistent with soil types, terrain and 94
133133 infrastructure capacity] (1) accessory apartments, which shall be 95
134134 permitted as of right in accordance with section 3 of this act, and (2) 96
135135 middle housing and multifamily dwellings containing four or more 97
136136 dwelling units, which shall be permitted as of right in accordance with 98
137137 section 4 of this act, for all residents of the municipality and the planning 99
138138 region in which the municipality is located, as designated by the 100
139139 Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management under section 16a-4a. 101
140140 Such regulations shall also promote housing choice and economic 102
141141 diversity in housing, including housing for both low and moderate 103
142142 income households, and shall encourage the development of housing 104
143143 which will meet the housing needs identified in the state's consolidated 105
144144 plan for housing and community development prepared pursuant to 106
145145 section 8-37t and in the housing component and the other components 107
146146 of the state plan of conservation and development prepared pursuant to 108
147147 section 16a-26. Zoning regulations shall be made with reasonable 109
148148 consideration for their impact on agriculture, as defined in subsection 110
149149 (q) of section 1-1. Zoning regulations may be made with reasonable 111
150150 consideration for the protection of historic factors and shall be made 112
151151 with reasonable consideration for the protection of existing and 113
152152 potential public surface and ground drinking water supplies. On and 114 Raised Bill No. 6613
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158158 after July 1, 1985, the regulations shall provide that proper provision be 115
159159 made for soil erosion and sediment control pursuant to section 22a-329. 116
160160 Such regulations may also encourage energy-efficient patterns of 117
161161 development, the use of solar and other renewable forms of energy, and 118
162162 energy conservation. The regulations may also provide for incentives 119
163163 for developers who use passive solar energy techniques, as defined in 120
164164 subsection (b) of section 8-25, in planning a residential subdivision 121
165165 development. The incentives may include, but not be limited to, cluster 122
166166 development, higher density development and performance standards 123
167167 for roads, sidewalks and underground facilities in the subdivision. Such 124
168168 regulations may provide for a municipal system for the creation of 125
169169 development rights and the permanent transfer of such development 126
170170 rights, which may include a system for the variance of density limits in 127
171171 connection with any such transfer. Such regulations may also provide 128
172172 for notice requirements in addition to those required by this chapter. 129
173173 Such regulations may provide for conditions on operations to collect 130
174174 spring water or well water, as defined in section 21a-150, including the 131
175175 time, place and manner of such operations. No such regulations shall 132
176176 prohibit the operation of any family child care home or group child care 133
177177 home in a residential zone. No such regulations shall prohibit the use of 134
178178 receptacles for the storage of items designated for recycling in 135
179179 accordance with section 22a-241b or require that such receptacles 136
180180 comply with provisions for bulk or lot area, or similar provisions, except 137
181181 provisions for side yards, rear yards and front yards. No such 138
182182 regulations shall unreasonably restrict access to or the size of such 139
183183 receptacles for businesses, given the nature of the business and the 140
184184 volume of items designated for recycling in accordance with section 22a-141
185185 241b, that such business produces in its normal course of business, 142
186186 provided nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit such 143
187187 regulations from requiring the screening or buffering of such receptacles 144
188188 for aesthetic reasons. Such regulations shall not impose conditions and 145
189189 requirements on manufactured homes having as their narrowest 146
190190 dimension twenty-two feet or more and built in accordance with federal 147
191191 manufactured home construction and safety standards or on lots 148
192192 containing such manufactured homes which are substantially different 149 Raised Bill No. 6613
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198198 from conditions and requirements imposed on single-family dwellings 150
199199 and lots containing single-family dwellings. Such regulations shall not 151
200200 impose conditions and requirements on developments to be occupied 152
201201 by manufactured homes having as their narrowest dimension twenty-153
202202 two feet or more and built in accordance with federal manufactured 154
203203 home construction and safety standards which are substantially 155
204204 different from conditions and requirements imposed on multifamily 156
205205 dwellings, lots containing multifamily dwellings, cluster developments 157
206206 or planned unit developments. Such regulations shall not prohibit the 158
207207 continuance of any nonconforming use, building or structure existing at 159
208208 the time of the adoption of such regulations or require a special permit 160
209209 or special exception for any such continuance. Such regulations shall not 161
210210 provide for the termination of any nonconforming use solely as a result 162
211211 of nonuse for a specified period of time without regard to the intent of 163
212212 the property owner to maintain that use. Such regulations shall not 164
213213 terminate or deem abandoned a nonconforming use, building or 165
214214 structure unless the property owner of such use, building or structure 166
215215 voluntarily discontinues such use, building or structure and such 167
216216 discontinuance is accompanied by an intent to not reestablish such use, 168
217217 building or structure. The demolition or deconstruction of a 169
218218 nonconforming use, building or structure shall not by itself be evidence 170
219219 of such property owner's intent to not reestablish such use, building or 171
220220 structure. Unless such town opts out, in accordance with the provisions 172
221221 of subsection (j) of section 8-1bb, such regulations shall not prohibit the 173
222222 installation of temporary health care structures for use by mentally or 174
223223 physically impaired persons in accordance with the provisions of 175
224224 section 8-1bb if such structures comply with the provisions of said 176
225225 section. Any city, town or borough which adopts the provisions of this 177
226226 chapter may, by vote of its legislative body, exempt municipal property 178
227227 from the regulations prescribed by the zoning commission of such city, 179
228228 town or borough; but unless it is so voted municipal property shall be 180
229229 subject to such regulations. 181
230230 Sec. 3. (NEW) (Effective October 1, 2021) (a) Any zoning regulations 182
231231 adopted pursuant to section 8-2 of the general statutes, as amended by 183 Raised Bill No. 6613
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237237 this act, shall: 184
238238 (1) Designate locations within the municipality in which accessory 185
239239 apartments are allowed, provided at least one accessory apartment shall 186
240240 be allowed as of right on each lot that contains a single-family dwelling 187
241241 and no such accessory apartment shall be required to be an affordable 188
242242 accessory apartment; 189
243243 (2) Allow accessory apartments to be attached to or located within the 190
244244 proposed or existing principal dwelling, or detached from the proposed 191
245245 or existing principal dwelling and located on the same lot as such 192
246246 dwelling; 193
247247 (3) Set a maximum net floor area for an accessory apartment of not 194
248248 less than thirty per cent of the net floor area of the principal dwelling, or 195
249249 one thousand square feet, whichever is less, except that such regulations 196
250250 may allow a larger net floor area for such apartments; 197
251251 (4) Require setbacks, lot size and building frontage less than or equal 198
252252 to that which is required for the principal dwelling; 199
253253 (5) Provide for height, landscaping and architectural design 200
254254 standards that do not exceed any such standards as they are applied to 201
255255 single-family dwellings in the municipality; 202
256256 (6) Be prohibited from requiring (A) a passageway between any such 203
257257 accessory apartment and any such principal dwelling, (B) an exterior 204
258258 door for any such accessory apartment, except as required by the 205
259259 applicable building or fire code, (C) more than one parking space for 206
260260 any such accessory apartment, or fees in lieu of parking otherwise 207
261261 allowed by section 8-2c of the general statutes, (D) a familial, marital or 208
262262 employment relationship between occupants of the principal dwelling 209
263263 and accessory apartment, (E) age restrictions with respect to occupants 210
264264 of the accessory apartment, (F) separate billing of utilities otherwise 211
265265 connected to, or used by, the principal dwelling unit, or (G) periodic 212
266266 renewals for permits for such accessory apartments; and 213 Raised Bill No. 6613
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272272 (7) Be interpreted and enforced such that nothing in this section shall 214
273273 be in derogation of the applicable building code or other requirements 215
274274 applicable where a private sewerage system is being used, provided 216
275275 approval for any such accessory apartment shall not be unreasonably 217
276276 withheld. 218
277277 (b) The as of right permit application and review process for approval 219
278278 of accessory apartments shall require that a decision on any such 220
279279 application be rendered not later than sixty-five days after receipt of 221
280280 such application by the applicable zoning commission, except that an 222
281281 applicant may consent to one or more extensions of not more than an 223
282282 additional sixty-five days or may withdraw such application. 224
283283 (c) No municipality shall (1) condition the approval of an accessory 225
284284 apartment on the correction of a nonconforming use, or (2) require the 226
285285 installation of fire sprinklers in an accessory apartment if such 227
286286 sprinklers are not required for the principal dwelling located on the 228
287287 same lot or otherwise required by the fire code. 229
288288 (d) No municipality, special district, sewer or water authority shall 230
289289 (1) consider an accessory apartment to be a new residential use for the 231
290290 purposes of calculating connection fees or capacity charges for utilities, 232
291291 including water and sewer service, unless such accessory apartment 233
292292 was constructed with a new single-family dwelling on the same lot, or 234
293293 (2) require the installation of a new or separate utility connection 235
294294 directly to an accessory apartment or impose a related connection fee or 236
295295 capacity charge. 237
296296 (e) If a municipality fails to adopt new regulations or amend existing 238
297297 regulations to comply with the provisions of this section, any 239
298298 noncompliant existing regulation shall become null and void and such 240
299299 municipality shall approve or deny applications for accessory 241
300300 apartments in accordance with the requirements for regulations set 242
301301 forth in the provisions of this section until such municipality adopts or 243
302302 amends a regulation in compliance with this section. No municipality 244
303303 shall use or impose additional standards beyond those set forth in this 245 Raised Bill No. 6613
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309309 section. 246
310310 Sec. 4. (NEW) (Effective October 1, 2021) (a) Any zoning regulations 247
311311 adopted pursuant to section 8-2 of the general statutes, as amended by 248
312312 this act, shall allow, as of right, two or more types of middle housing or 249
313313 multifamily housing containing four or more dwelling units in at least 250
314314 fifty per cent of the lot area within a one-quarter mile radius of the 251
315315 primary commercial center in any municipality with one or more 252
316316 commercial centers or a population of seven thousand five hundred or 253
317317 more. 254
318318 (b) The calculation of lot area described in subsection (a) of this 255
319319 section shall include the square footage of total lot area, excluding 256
320320 roadways, sidewalks, railways, regulated inland wetlands and 257
321321 watercourses, slopes of fifteen per cent or more in grade change within 258
322322 a lot, ledges, tidal wetlands and other coastal resources. 259
323323 (c) Any housing allowed pursuant to subsection (a) of this section that 260
324324 includes ten or more residential units shall set aside at least ten per cent 261
325325 of such residential units as assisted housing, as defined in section 8-30g 262
326326 of the general statutes. 263
327327 (d) The as of right permit application and review process for approval 264
328328 of housing described in this section shall require that a decision on any 265
329329 such application be rendered not later than sixty-five days after receipt 266
330330 of such application by the zoning commission, except that an applicant 267
331331 may consent to one or more extensions of an additional sixty-five days 268
332332 or may withdraw such application. 269
333333 (e) No municipality shall condition the approval of middle housing 270
334334 or multifamily housing on the correction of a nonconforming use. 271
335335 (f) If a municipality fails to adopt new regulations or amend existing 272
336336 regulations to comply with the provisions of this section, any 273
337337 noncompliant existing regulation shall become null and void and such 274
338338 municipality shall approve or deny applications for middle housing or 275
339339 multifamily housing in accordance with the requirements for 276 Raised Bill No. 6613
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345345 regulations set forth in the provisions of this section until such 277
346346 municipality adopts or amends a regulation in compliance with this 278
347347 section. No municipality shall use or impose additional standards 279
348348 beyond those set forth in this section. 280
349349 This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following
350350 sections:
351351
352352 Section 1 October 1, 2021 8-1aa
353353 Sec. 2 October 1, 2021 8-2(a)
354354 Sec. 3 October 1, 2021 New section
355355 Sec. 4 October 1, 2021 New section
356356
357357 Statement of Purpose:
358358 To require municipal zoning commissions to adopt regulations allowing
359359 accessory apartments, middle housing and multifamily housing.
360360 [Proposed deletions are enclosed in brackets. Proposed additions are indicated by underline, except
361361 that when the entire text of a bill or resolution or a section of a bill or resolution is new, it is not
362362 underlined.]
363363