Connecticut 2021 Regular Session

Connecticut Senate Bill SB00296 Compare Versions

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3+LCO No. 1092 1 of 1
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5-LCO No. 4964 1 of 12
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7-General Assembly Committee Bill No. 296
5+General Assembly Proposed Bill No. 296
86 January Session, 2021
9-LCO No. 4964
7+LCO No. 1092
108
119
1210 Referred to Committee on GOVERNMENT ADMINISTRATION
1311 AND ELECTIONS
1412
1513
1614 Introduced by:
17-(GAE)
15+SEN. LOPES, 6th Dist.
1816
1917
2018
2119 AN ACT ESTABLISHING A RIGHT TO APPEAL THE DECISION OF A
2220 MUNICIPAL ETHICS BOARD TO THE OFFICE OF STATE ETHICS.
2321 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General
2422 Assembly convened:
2523
26-Section 1. Section 7-148h of the general statutes is repealed and the 1
27-following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 2
28-(a) Any town, city, district, as defined in section 7-324, or borough 3
29-may, by charter provision or ordinance, establish a board, commission, 4
30-council, committee or other agency to investigate allegations of 5
31-unethical conduct, corrupting influence or illegal activities levied 6
32-against any official, officer or employee of such town, city, district or 7
33-borough. The provisions of subsections (a) to (e), inclusive, of section 8
34-1-82a, as amended by this act, shall apply to allegations before any such 9
35-agency of such conduct, influence or activities, to an investigation of 10
36-such allegations conducted prior to a probable cause finding, and to a 11
37-finding of probable cause or no probable cause. Any board, commission, 12
38-council, committee or other agency established pursuant to this section 13
39-may issue subpoenas or subpoenas duces tecum, enforceable upon 14
40-application to the Superior Court, to compel the attendance of persons 15
41-Committee Bill No. 296
42-
43-
44-LCO No. 4964 2 of 12
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46-at hearings and the production of books, documents, records and 16
47-papers. 17
48-(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of any special act, municipal 18
49-charter or ordinance to the contrary, an elected official of any town, city, 19
50-district or borough that has established a board, commission, council, 20
51-committee or other agency under subsection (a) of this section, has an 21
52-interest that is in substantial conflict with the proper discharge of the 22
53-official's duties or employment in the public interest and of the official's 23
54-responsibilities as prescribed by the laws of this state, if the official has 24
55-reason to believe or expect that the official, the official's spouse or 25
56-dependent child, or a business with which he is associated, as defined 26
57-in section 1-79, will derive a direct monetary gain or suffer a direct 27
58-monetary loss, as the case may be, by reason of the official's official 28
59-activity. Any such elected official does not have an interest that is in 29
60-substantial conflict with the proper discharge of the official's duties in 30
61-the public interest and of the official's responsibilities as prescribed by 31
62-the laws of this state, if any benefit or detriment accrues to the official, 32
63-the official's spouse or dependent child, or a business with which he, his 33
64-spouse or such dependent child is associated as a member of a 34
65-profession, occupation or group to no greater extent than to any other 35
66-member of such profession, occupation or group. Any such elected 36
67-official who has a substantial conflict may not take official action on the 37
68-matter. 38
69-(c) Any person who is aggrieved by the decision of a board, 39
70-commission, council, committee or other agency established under 40
71-subsection (a) of this section that presents an issue of law shall have a 41
72-right to appeal such decision to the Office of State Ethics under part I of 42
73-chapter 10. 43
74-Sec. 2. Subsection (a) of section 1-81 of the general statutes is repealed 44
75-and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 45
76-(a) The board and general counsel and staff of the Office of State 46
77-Ethics shall: 47
78-Committee Bill No. 296
79-
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81-LCO No. 4964 3 of 12
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83-(1) Compile and maintain an index of all reports, advisory opinions, 48
84-informal staff letters, memoranda issued in accordance with subsection 49
85-(b) of section 1-82, as amended by this act, and statements filed by and 50
86-with the Office of State Ethics to facilitate public access to such reports 51
87-and advisory opinions, informal staff letters, memoranda statements as 52
88-provided by this part; 53
89-(2) Preserve advisory opinions and informal staff letters, 54
90-permanently; preserve memoranda issued in accordance with 55
91-subsection (b) of section 1-82, as amended by this act, and statements 56
92-and reports filed by and with the board for a period of five years from 57
93-the date of receipt; 58
94-(3) Upon the concurring vote of a majority of the board present and 59
95-voting, issue advisory opinions with regard to the requirements of this 60
96-part or part IV of this chapter, upon the request of any person subject to 61
97-the provisions of this part or part IV of this chapter, and publish such 62
98-advisory opinions in the Connecticut Law Journal. Advisory opinions 63
99-rendered by the board, until amended or revoked, shall be binding on 64
100-the board and shall be deemed to be final decisions of the board for 65
101-purposes of appeal to the superior court, in accordance with the 66
102-provisions of section 4-175 or 4-183. Any advisory opinion concerning 67
103-the person who requested the opinion and who acted in reliance 68
104-thereon, in good faith, shall be binding upon the board, and it shall be 69
105-an absolute defense in any criminal action brought under the provisions 70
106-of this part or part IV of this chapter, that the accused acted in reliance 71
107-upon such advisory opinion; 72
108-(4) Respond to inquiries and provide advice regarding the code of 73
109-ethics either verbally or through informal letters; 74
110-(5) Hear appeals filed by an aggrieved person concerning decisions 75
111-of a municipal board, commission, council, committee or other agency 76
112-established under subsection (a) of section 7-148h, as amended by this 77
113-act, that present an issue of law; 78
114-Committee Bill No. 296
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116-
117-LCO No. 4964 4 of 12
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119-[(5)] (6) Provide yearly training to all state employees regarding the 79
120-code of ethics; 80
121-[(6)] (7) Make legislative recommendations to the General Assembly 81
122-and report annually, not later than February fifteenth, to the Governor 82
123-summarizing the activities of the Office of State Ethics; and 83
124-[(7)] (8) Meet not less than once per month with the office's executive 84
125-director and ethics enforcement officer. 85
126-Sec. 3. Section 1-82 of the general statutes is repealed and the 86
127-following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 87
128-(a) (1) Upon the complaint of any person on a form prescribed by the 88
129-board, signed under penalty of false statement, or upon its own 89
130-complaint, the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics 90
131-shall investigate any alleged violation of this part, section 1-101bb or 91
132-section 1-101nn or an appeal of a decision made under section 7-148h, 92
133-as amended by this act. Not later than five days after the receipt or 93
134-issuance of such complaint, the board shall provide notice of such 94
135-receipt or issuance and a copy of the complaint by registered or certified 95
136-mail to any respondent against whom such complaint is filed and shall 96
137-provide notice of the receipt of such complaint to the complainant. 97
138-When the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics 98
139-undertakes an evaluation of a possible violation of this part, section 1-99
140-101bb or section 1-101nn or an appeal of a decision made under section 100
141-7-148h, as amended by this act, prior to the filing of a complaint, the 101
142-subject of the evaluation shall be notified not later than five business 102
143-days after an Office of State Ethics staff member's first contact with a 103
144-third party concerning the matter. 104
145-(2) In the conduct of its investigation of an alleged violation of this 105
146-part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn or an appeal of a decision made 106
147-under section 7-148h, as amended by this act, the Office of State Ethics 107
148-shall have the power to hold hearings, administer oaths, examine 108
149-witnesses and receive oral and documentary evidence. The Office of 109
150-Committee Bill No. 296
151-
152-
153-LCO No. 4964 5 of 12
154-
155-State Ethics may subpoena witnesses under procedural rules adopted 110
156-by the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board as regulations in accordance with 111
157-the provisions of chapter 54 to compel attendance before the Office of 112
158-State Ethics and to require the production for examination by the ethics 113
159-enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics of any books and papers 114
160-which the Office of State Ethics deems relevant in any matter under 115
161-investigation or in question, provided any such subpoena is issued 116
162-either pursuant to a majority vote of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board 117
163-or pursuant to the signature of the chairperson of such board. The vice-118
164-chairperson of such board may sign any such subpoena if the 119
165-chairperson of such board is unavailable. In the exercise of such powers, 120
166-the Office of State Ethics may use the services of the state police, who 121
167-shall provide the same upon the office's request. The Office of State 122
168-Ethics shall make a record of all proceedings conducted pursuant to this 123
169-subsection. The ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics 124
170-may bring any alleged violation of this part before a judge trial referee 125
171-assigned by the Chief Court Administrator for such purpose for a 126
172-probable cause hearing. Such judge trial referee shall be compensated in 127
173-accordance with the provisions of section 52-434 from such funds as 128
174-may be available to the Office of State Ethics. Any witness summoned 129
175-before the Office of State Ethics or a judge trial referee pursuant to this 130
176-subsection shall receive the witness fee paid to witnesses in the courts 131
177-of this state. During any investigation conducted pursuant to this 132
178-subsection or any probable cause hearing conducted pursuant to this 133
179-subsection, the respondent shall have the right to appear and be heard 134
180-and to offer any information which may tend to clear the respondent of 135
181-probable cause to believe the respondent has violated any provision of 136
182-this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn or made an incorrect 137
183-decision on an issue of law under section 7-148h, as amended by this act. 138
184-The respondent shall also have the right to be represented by legal 139
185-counsel and to examine and cross-examine witnesses. Not later than ten 140
186-days prior to the commencement of any hearing conducted pursuant to 141
187-this subsection, the Office of State Ethics shall provide the respondent 142
188-with a list of its intended witnesses. Any finding of probable cause to 143
189-Committee Bill No. 296
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191-
192-LCO No. 4964 6 of 12
193-
194-believe the respondent is in violation of any provisions of this part shall 144
195-be made by a judge trial referee not later than thirty days after the ethics 145
196-enforcement officer brings such alleged violation before such judge trial 146
197-referee, except that such thirty-day limitation period shall not apply if 147
198-the judge trial referee determines that good cause exists for extending 148
199-such limitation period. 149
200-(b) If a judge trial referee determines that probable cause exists for 150
201-the violation of a provision of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-151
202-101nn or an incorrect decision on an issue of law under section 7-148h, 152
203-as amended by this act, the board shall initiate hearings to determine 153
204-whether there has been a violation of this part, section 1-101bb or section 154
205-1-101nn or an incorrect decision on an issue of law under section 7-148h, 155
206-as amended by this act. Any such hearing shall be initiated by the board 156
207-not later than thirty days after the finding of probable cause by a judge 157
208-trial referee and shall be concluded not later than ninety days after its 158
209-initiation, except that such thirty or ninety-day limitation period shall 159
210-not apply if the judge trial referee determines that good cause exists for 160
211-extending such limitation period. A judge trial referee, who has not 161
212-taken part in the probable cause determination on the matter shall be 162
213-assigned by the Chief Court Administrator and shall be compensated in 163
214-accordance with section 52-434 out of funds available to the Office of 164
215-State Ethics. Such judge trial referee shall preside over such hearing and 165
216-rule on all issues concerning the application of the rules of evidence, 166
217-which shall be the same as in judicial proceedings. The judge trial referee 167
218-shall have no vote in any decision of the board. All hearings of the board 168
219-held pursuant to this subsection shall be open. At such hearing the 169
220-board shall have the same powers as the Office of State Ethics under 170
221-subsection (a) of this section and the respondent shall have the right to 171
222-be represented by legal counsel, to compel attendance of witnesses and 172
223-the production of books, documents, records and papers and to examine 173
224-and cross-examine witnesses. Not later than ten days prior to the 174
225-commencement of any hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, 175
226-the Office of State Ethics shall provide the respondent with a list of its 176
227-intended witnesses. The judge trial referee shall, while engaged in the 177
228-Committee Bill No. 296
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230-
231-LCO No. 4964 7 of 12
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233-discharge of the duties as provided in this subsection, have the same 178
234-authority as is provided in section 51-35 over witnesses who refuse to 179
235-obey a subpoena or to testify with respect to any matter upon which 180
236-such witness may be lawfully interrogated, and may commit any such 181
237-witness for contempt for a period no longer than thirty days. The Office 182
238-of State Ethics shall make a record of all proceedings pursuant to this 183
239-subsection. During the course of any such hearing, no ex-parte 184
240-communication shall occur between the board, or any of its members, 185
241-and: (1) The judge trial referee, or (2) any staff member of the 186
242-Enforcement Division of the Office of State Ethics, concerning the 187
243-complaint or the respondent. The board shall find no person in violation 188
244-of any provision of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn or a 189
245-finding of an incorrect decision on an issue of law under section 7-148h, 190
246-as amended by this act, except upon the concurring vote of two-thirds 191
247-of its members present and voting. No member of the board shall vote 192
248-on the question of whether a violation of any provision of this part has 193
249-occurred unless such member was physically present for the duration 194
250-of any hearing held pursuant to this subsection. Not later than fifteen 195
251-days after the public hearing conducted in accordance with this 196
252-subsection, the board shall publish its finding and a memorandum of 197
253-the reasons therefor. Such finding and memorandum shall be deemed 198
254-to be the final decision of the board on the matter for the purposes of 199
255-chapter 54. The respondent, if aggrieved by the finding and 200
256-memorandum, may appeal therefrom to the Superior Court in 201
257-accordance with the provisions of section 4-183, except a finding 202
258-concerning an issue of law for an appeal filed under section 7-148h, as 203
259-amended by this act, shall not be appealable to the Superior Court. 204
260-(c) If a judge trial referee finds, after a hearing pursuant to this 205
261-section, that there is no probable cause to believe that a public official or 206
262-state employee has violated a provision of this part, section 1-101bb or 207
263-section 1-101nn, or if the board determines that a public official or state 208
264-employee has not violated any such provision, or if a court of competent 209
265-jurisdiction overturns a finding by the board of a violation by such a 210
266-respondent, the state shall pay the reasonable legal expenses of the 211
267-Committee Bill No. 296
268-
269-
270-LCO No. 4964 8 of 12
271-
272-respondent as determined by the Attorney General or by the court if 212
273-appropriate. If any complaint brought under the provisions of this part, 213
274-section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn is made with the knowledge that it is 214
275-made without foundation in fact, the respondent shall have a cause of 215
276-action against the complainant for double the amount of damage caused 216
277-thereby and, if the respondent prevails in such action, the respondent 217
278-may be awarded by the court the costs of such action together with 218
279-reasonable attorneys' fees. 219
280-(d) No complaint may be made under this section later than five years 220
281-after the violation alleged in the complaint has been committed. 221
282-(e) No person shall take or threaten to take official action against an 222
283-individual for such individual's disclosure of information to the board 223
284-or the general counsel, ethics enforcement officer or staff of the Office of 224
285-State Ethics under the provisions of this part, section 1-101bb or section 225
286-1-101nn or an appeal under section 7-148h, as amended by this act. After 226
287-receipt of information from an individual under the provisions of this 227
288-part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn or an appeal under section 7-228
289-148h, as amended by this act, the Office of State Ethics shall not disclose 229
290-the identity of such individual without such individual's consent unless 230
291-the Office of State Ethics determines that such disclosure is unavoidable 231
292-during the course of an investigation. No person shall be subject to civil 232
293-liability for any good faith disclosure that such person makes to the 233
294-Office of State Ethics. 234
295-Sec. 4. Section 1-82a of the general statutes is repealed and the 235
296-following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 236
297-(a) Unless a judge trial referee makes a finding of probable cause, a 237
298-complaint alleging a violation of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-238
299-101nn or an incorrect decision on an issue of law under section 7-148h, 239
300-as amended by this act, shall be confidential except upon the request of 240
301-the respondent. An evaluation of a possible violation of this part, section 241
302-1-101bb or section 1-101nn or a possible incorrect decision on an issue of 242
303-law under section 7-148h, as amended by this act, by the Office of State 243
304-Committee Bill No. 296
305-
306-
307-LCO No. 4964 9 of 12
308-
309-Ethics prior to the filing of a complaint shall be confidential except upon 244
310-the request of the subject of the evaluation. If the evaluation is 245
311-confidential, any information supplied to or received from the Office of 246
312-State Ethics shall not be disclosed to any third party by a subject of the 247
313-evaluation, a person contacted for the purpose of obtaining information 248
314-or by the ethics enforcement officer or staff of the Office of State Ethics. 249
315-No provision of this subsection shall prevent the Office of State Ethics 250
316-from reporting the possible commission of a crime to the Chief State's 251
317-Attorney or other prosecutorial authority. 252
318-(b) An investigation conducted prior to a probable cause finding shall 253
319-be confidential except upon the request of the respondent. If the 254
320-investigation is confidential, the allegations in the complaint and any 255
321-information supplied to or received from the Office of State Ethics shall 256
322-not be disclosed during the investigation to any third party by a 257
323-complainant, respondent, witness, designated party, or board or staff 258
324-member of the Office of State Ethics. 259
325-(c) Not later than three business days after the termination of the 260
326-investigation, the Office of State Ethics shall inform the complainant and 261
327-the respondent of its finding and provide them a summary of its reasons 262
328-for making that finding. The Office of State Ethics shall publish its 263
329-finding upon the respondent's request and may also publish a summary 264
330-of its reasons for making such finding. 265
331-(d) If a judge trial referee makes a finding of no probable cause, the 266
332-complaint and the record of the Office of State Ethics' investigation shall 267
333-remain confidential, except upon the request of the respondent and 268
334-except that some or all of the record may be used in subsequent 269
335-proceedings. No complainant, respondent, witness, designated party, or 270
336-board or staff member of the Office of State Ethics shall disclose to any 271
337-third party any information learned from the investigation, including 272
338-knowledge of the existence of a complaint, which the disclosing party 273
339-would not otherwise have known. If such a disclosure is made, the judge 274
340-trial referee may, after consultation with the respondent if the 275
341-Committee Bill No. 296
342-
343-
344-LCO No. 4964 10 of 12
345-
346-respondent is not the source of the disclosure, publish the judge trial 276
347-referee's finding and a summary of the judge trial referee's reasons 277
348-therefor. 278
349-(e) The judge trial referee shall make public a finding of probable 279
350-cause not later than five business days after any such finding. At such 280
351-time the entire record of the investigation shall become public, except 281
352-that the Office of State Ethics may postpone examination or release of 282
353-such public records for a period not to exceed fourteen days for the 283
354-purpose of reaching a stipulation agreement pursuant to subsection (c) 284
355-of section 4-177. Any such stipulation agreement or settlement shall be 285
356-approved by a majority of those members present and voting. 286
357-Sec. 5. Section 1-88 of the general statutes is repealed and the 287
358-following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2021): 288
359-(a) (1) The board, upon a finding made pursuant to section 1-82, as 289
360-amended by this act, that there has been a violation of any provision of 290
361-this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn, shall have the authority to 291
362-order the violator to do any or all of the following: [(1)] (A) Cease and 292
363-desist the violation of this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn; [(2)] 293
364-(B) file any report, statement or other information as required by this 294
365-part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn; and [(3)] (C) pay a civil penalty 295
366-of not more than ten thousand dollars for each violation of this part, 296
367-section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn. 297
368-(2) The board, upon a finding made pursuant to section 1-82, as 298
369-amended by this act, that there has been an incorrect decision on an 299
370-issue of law under section 7-148h, as amended by this act, shall remand 300
371-the case to the municipal board, commission, council, committee or 301
372-other agency established under subsection (a) of section 7-148h, as 302
373-amended by this act, for any remedies authorized by law. 303
374-(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, 304
375-the board may, after a hearing conducted in accordance with sections 4-305
376-176e to 4-184, inclusive, upon the concurring vote of two-thirds of its 306
377-Committee Bill No. 296
378-
379-
380-LCO No. 4964 11 of 12
381-
382-members present and voting, impose a civil penalty not to exceed ten 307
383-dollars per day upon any individual who fails to file any report, 308
384-statement or other information as required by this part, section 1-101bb 309
385-or section 1-101nn. Each distinct violation of this subsection shall be a 310
386-separate offense and in case of a continued violation, each day thereof 311
387-shall be deemed a separate offense. In no event shall the aggregate 312
388-penalty imposed for such failure to file exceed ten thousand dollars. 313
389-(c) The board may also report its finding to the Chief State's Attorney 314
390-for any action deemed necessary. The board, upon a finding made 315
391-pursuant to section 1-82, as amended by this act, that a member or 316
392-member-elect of the General Assembly has violated any provision of 317
393-this part, section 1-101bb or section 1-101nn, shall notify the appropriate 318
394-house of the General Assembly, in writing, of such finding and the basis 319
395-for such finding. 320
396-(d) Any person who knowingly acts in such person's financial interest 321
397-in violation of section 1-84, 1-85, 1-86, 1-86d, 1-86e or 1-101nn or any 322
398-person who knowingly receives a financial advantage resulting from a 323
399-violation of any of said sections shall be liable for damages in the 324
400-amount of such advantage. If the board determines that any person may 325
401-be so liable, it shall immediately inform the Attorney General of that 326
402-possibility. 327
403-(e) Any employee of the Office of State Ethics or member of the 328
404-Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board who, in violation of this part or section 329
405-1-101nn, discloses information filed in accordance with subparagraph 330
406-(F) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 1-83, shall be dismissed, 331
407-if an employee, or removed from the board, if a member. 332
408-(f) Any civil penalty imposed by the board pursuant to this section 333
409-may be enforced by the Office of State Ethics as a money judgment in 334
410-accordance with chapter 906. 335
411-Committee Bill No. 296
412-
413-
414-LCO No. 4964 12 of 12
415-
416-This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following
417-sections:
418-
419-Section 1 October 1, 2021 7-148h
420-Sec. 2 October 1, 2021 1-81(a)
421-Sec. 3 October 1, 2021 1-82
422-Sec. 4 October 1, 2021 1-82a
423-Sec. 5 October 1, 2021 1-88
424-
24+That section 7-148h of the general statutes be amended to provide a 1
25+right to appeal the decision of a municipal ethics board to the Office of 2
26+State Ethics. 3
42527 Statement of Purpose:
42628 To permit aggrieved parties to appeal a local municipal ethics board
42729 decision to the Office of State Ethics.
428-[Proposed deletions are enclosed in brackets. Proposed additions are indicated by underline, except
429-that when the entire text of a bill or resolution or a section of a bill or resolution is new, it is not
430-underlined.]
431-
432-Co-Sponsors: SEN. LOPES, 6th Dist.; REP. FISHBEIN, 90th Dist.
433-
434-S.B. 296
435-
436-