Connecticut 2025 Regular Session

Connecticut House Bill HB06280 Compare Versions

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3+LCO No. 2682 1 of 1
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4-LCO No. 4800 1 of 10
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6-General Assembly Committee Bill No. 6280
5+General Assembly Proposed Bill No. 6280
76 January Session, 2025
8-LCO No. 4800
7+LCO No. 2682
98
109
1110 Referred to Committee on ENVIRONMENT
1211
1312
1413 Introduced by:
15-(ENV)
14+REP. WINTER, 94
15+th Dist.
16+REP. MUSHINSKY, 85
17+th Dist.
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19+
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1923 AN ACT CONCERNING THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A CLIMATE
2024 CHANGE SUPERFUND.
2125 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General
2226 Assembly convened:
2327
24-Section 1. (NEW) (Effective July 1, 2025) (a) For purposes of this 1
25-section: 2
26-(1) "Department" means the Department of Energy and 3
27-Environmental Protection; 4
28-(2) "Climate change adaptation project" means a project designed to 5
29-respond to, avoid, moderate, repair or adapt to negative impacts caused 6
30-by climate change and to assist human and natural communities, 7
31-households and businesses in preparing for future climate-change-8
32-driven disruptions. "Climate change adaptation project" includes 9
33-implementing nature-based solutions and flood protections, home 10
34-buyouts, upgrading stormwater drainage systems, making defensive 11
35-upgrades to roads, bridges, railroads and transit systems, preparing for 12
36-and recovering from extreme weather events, undertaking preventive 13
37-health care programs and providing medical care to treat illness or 14
38-injury caused by the effects of climate change, relocating, elevating or 15
39-Committee Bill No. 6280
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42-LCO No. 4800 2 of 10
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44-retrofitting sewage treatment plants and other infrastructure vulnerable 16
45-to flooding, installing energy-efficient cooling systems and other 17
46-weatherization and energy-efficiency upgrades and retrofits in public 18
47-and private buildings, including schools and public housing, designed 19
48-to reduce the public health effects of more frequent heat waves and 20
49-forest fire smoke, upgrading parts of the electrical grid to increase 21
50-stability and resilience, including supporting the creation of self-22
51-sufficient microgrids, and responding to toxic algae blooms, loss of 23
52-agricultural topsoil, crop loss and other climate-driven ecosystem 24
53-threats to forests, farms, fisheries and food systems; 25
54-(3) "Climate Superfund Cost Recovery Program" or "program" means 26
55-the program established pursuant to this section; 27
56-(4) "Coal" means bituminous coal, anthracite coal and lignite; 28
57-(5) "Controlled group" means two or more entities treated as a single 29
58-employer under 26 USC 52(a) or (b), without regard to 26 USC 30
59-1563(b)(2)(C), or, alternatively, 26 USC 414(m) or (o), provided for 31
60-purposes of this section, entities in a controlled group shall be treated as 32
61-a single entity for purposes of meeting the definition of responsible 33
62-party and shall be jointly and severally liable for payment of any cost 34
63-recovery demand owed by any entity in the controlled group; 35
64-(6) "Cost recovery demand" means a charge asserted against a 36
65-responsible party for cost recovery payments under the program for 37
66-payment to the fund; 38
67-(7) "Covered greenhouse gas emissions" means the total quantity of 39
68-greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere during the covered 40
69-period, expressed in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, resulting 41
70-from the use of fossil fuels extracted or refined by an entity; 42
71-(8) "Covered period" means the period that began on January 1, 1995, 43
72-and ended on December 31, 2025; 44
73-(9) "Crude oil" means oil or petroleum of any kind and in any form, 45
74-Committee Bill No. 6280
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77-LCO No. 4800 3 of 10
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79-including bitumen, oil sands, heavy oil, conventional and 46
80-unconventional oil, shale oil, natural gas liquids, condensates and 47
81-related fossil fuels; 48
82-(10) "Entity" means any individual, trustee, agent, partnership, 49
83-association, corporation, company, municipality, political subdivision 50
84-or other legal organization, including a foreign nation, that holds or held 51
85-an ownership interest in a fossil fuel business during the covered period; 52
86-(11) "Environmental justice community" has the same meaning as 53
87-provided in section 22a-20a of the general statutes; 54
88-(12) "Fossil fuel" means coal, petroleum products or fuel gases; 55
89-(13) "Fossil fuel business" means a business engaging in the extraction 56
90-of fossil fuels or the refining of petroleum products; 57
91-(14) "Fuel gas" means: (A) Methane, (B) natural gas, (C) liquified 58
92-natural gas, or (D) manufactured fuel gases; 59
93-(15) "Fund" means the Climate Superfund Cost Recovery Program 60
94-Fund established pursuant to this section; 61
95-(16) "Greenhouse gas" has the same meaning as provided in section 62
96-22a-200 of the general statutes; 63
97-(17) "Nature-based solutions" means projects that utilize or mimic 64
98-nature or natural processes and functions and that may also offer 65
99-environmental, economic and social benefits while increasing resilience. 66
100-"Nature-based solutions" includes both green and natural 67
101-infrastructure; 68
102-(18) "Notice of cost recovery demand" means the written 69
103-communication from the department informing a responsible party of 70
104-the amount of the cost recovery demand payable to the fund; 71
105-(19) "Petroleum product" means any product refined or re-refined 72
106-from: (A) Synthetic or crude oil, or (B) crude oil extracted from natural 73
107-Committee Bill No. 6280
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110-LCO No. 4800 4 of 10
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112-gas liquids or other sources; 74
113-(20) "Qualifying expenditure" means an authorized payment from 75
114-the fund to pay reasonable expenses associated with the administration 76
115-of the fund and the program and to pay for a climate change adaptation 77
116-project, including such project's operation, monitoring and 78
117-maintenance; 79
118-(21) "Responsible party" means any entity or a successor in interest to 80
119-an entity that during any part of the covered period was engaged in the 81
120-trade or business of extracting fossil fuel or refining crude oil and that 82
121-is determined by the department to be attributable for more than one 83
122-billion metric tons of covered greenhouse gas emissions during the 84
123-covered period. "Responsible party" does not include any person who 85
124-lacks sufficient connection with the state to satisfy the nexus 86
125-requirements of the Constitution of the United States; and 87
126-(22) "Strategy" means the resilience implementation strategy adopted 88
127-by the department. 89
128-(b) There is established the Climate Superfund Cost Recovery 90
129-Program administered by the Department of Energy and Environmental 91
130-Protection. The purpose of the program shall be to: (1) Secure 92
131-compensatory payments from responsible parties based on a standard 93
132-of strict liability to provide a source of revenue for climate change 94
133-adaptation projects within the state, (2) determine proportional liability 95
134-of responsible parties, (3) impose cost recovery demands on responsible 96
135-parties and issue notices of cost recovery demands, (4) accept and collect 97
136-payment from responsible parties, (5) develop, adopt, implement and 98
137-update the strategy that will identify and prioritize climate change 99
138-adaptation projects, and (6) disperse funds to implement climate change 100
139-adaptation projects identified in the strategy. 101
140-(c) Each responsible party shall be strictly liable for a share of the costs 102
141-of climate change adaptation projects and all qualifying expenditures 103
142-supported by the fund. For purposes of this section, entities in a 104
143-Committee Bill No. 6280
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146-LCO No. 4800 5 of 10
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148-controlled group shall be: (1) Treated by the department as a single 105
149-entity for the purpose of identifying responsible parties; and (2) jointly 106
150-and severally liable for payment of any cost recovery demand owed by 107
151-any entity in the controlled group. For any responsible party, the cost 108
152-recovery demand shall be equal to an amount that bears the same ratio 109
153-to the cost to the state and the state's residents, as calculated by the State 110
154-Treasurer pursuant to this section, from the emission of covered 111
155-greenhouse gases during the covered period as the responsible party's 112
156-applicable share of covered greenhouse gas emissions bears to the 113
157-aggregate applicable shares of covered greenhouse gas emissions 114
158-resulting from the use of fossil fuels extracted or refined during the 115
159-covered period. If a responsible party owns a minority interest of ten per 116
160-cent or more in another entity, the responsible party's applicable share 117
161-of covered greenhouse gas emissions shall be increased by the 118
162-applicable share of covered greenhouse gas emissions for the entity in 119
163-which the responsible party holds a minority interest multiplied by the 120
164-percentage of the minority interest held by the responsible party. The 121
165-department shall use the United States Environmental Protection 122
166-Agency's Emissions Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories as applied 123
167-to the fossil fuel volume data for the purpose of determining the amount 124
168-of covered greenhouse gas emissions attributable to any entity from the 125
169-fossil fuels attributable to the entity. 126
170-(d) The department may adjust the cost recovery demand amount of 127
171-a responsible party who refined petroleum products or who is a 128
172-successor in interest to an entity that refines petroleum products if the 129
173-responsible party establishes to the satisfaction of the department that: 130
174-(1) A portion of the cost recovery demand amount was attributable to 131
175-the refining of crude oil extracted by another responsible party, and (2) 132
176-the crude oil extracted by the other entity was accounted for when the 133
177-department determined the cost recovery demand amount for the other 134
178-entity or a successor in interest of the other entity. 135
179-(e) The department shall issue the cost recovery demands required 136
180-under this section not later than six months following the adoption of 137
181-Committee Bill No. 6280
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184-LCO No. 4800 6 of 10
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186-the regulations required pursuant to this section. 138
187-(f) (1) Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, a 139
188-responsible party shall pay the cost recovery demand amount in full not 140
189-later than six months following the department's issuance of the cost 141
190-recovery demand. 142
191-(2) A responsible party may elect to pay the cost recovery demand 143
192-amount in nine annual installments in accordance with this subdivision, 144
193-provided the first installment shall be paid not later than six months 145
194-following the department's issuance of the cost recovery demand and 146
195-shall be equal to twenty per cent of the total cost recovery demand 147
196-amount. Each subsequent installment shall be paid one year from the 148
197-initial payment each subsequent year and shall be equal to ten per cent 149
198-of the total cost recovery demand amount. The department may charge 150
199-reasonable interest on each installment payment or a payment delayed 151
200-for any other reason and may adjust the amount of a subsequent 152
201-installment payment or a payment delayed for any other reason to 153
202-reflect increases or decreases in the consumer price index. The unpaid 154
203-balance of all remaining installments shall become due immediately if: 155
204-(A) The responsible party fails to pay any installment in a timely 156
205-manner, as specified in regulations adopted pursuant to this section; (B) 157
206-there is a liquidation or sale of substantially all the assets of the 158
207-responsible party; or (C) the responsible party ceases to do business. In 159
208-the case of a sale of substantially all the assets of a responsible party, the 160
209-remaining installments shall not become due immediately if the buyer 161
210-enters into an agreement with the department under which the buyer 162
211-assumes liability for the remaining installments due under this 163
212-subdivision in the same manner as if the buyer were the responsible 164
213-party. 165
214-(g) The department shall deposit cost recovery payments collected 166
215-under this section in the Climate Superfund Cost Recovery Program 167
216-Fund established pursuant to this section. 168
217-(h) Any responsible party aggrieved by the issuance of a notice of cost 169
218-Committee Bill No. 6280
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223-recovery demand shall exhaust administrative remedies by filing a 170
224-request for reconsideration with the department not later than thirty 171
225-days following issuance of the notice of cost recovery demand. A 172
226-request for reconsideration shall state grounds for the request and 173
227-include supporting documentation. The department shall notify the 174
228-responsible party of the final decision by issuing a subsequent notice of 175
229-cost recovery demand. A responsible party aggrieved by the issuance of 176
230-a final notice of cost recovery demand may bring an action in the 177
231-Superior Court. 178
232-(i) There is created the Climate Superfund Cost Recovery Program 179
233-Fund to be administered by the Commissioner of Energy and 180
234-Environmental Protection to provide funding for climate change 181
235-adaptation projects in the state. The fund shall consist of: (1) Cost 182
236-recovery payments deposited in the fund pursuant to this section, (2) 183
237-moneys from time to time appropriated to the fund by the General 184
238-Assembly, and (3) other gifts, donations or other moneys received from 185
239-any source, public or private, dedicated for deposit into the fund. 186
240-(j) The fund may be used only: (1) To pay qualified expenditures for 187
241-climate change adaptation projects identified by the department in the 188
242-strategy, and (2) for reasonable administrative expenses of the program, 189
243-including the cost to the state Auditors of Public Accounts associated 190
244-with the hiring of technical expertise necessary to complete the audits 191
245-required under this section. 192
246-(k) On or before February 15, 2026, the department, in consultation 193
247-with the State Treasurer, shall submit a report to the joint standing 194
248-committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters 195
249-relating to the environment detailing the feasibility and progress of 196
250-carrying out the requirements of this section, including any 197
251-recommendations for improving the administration of the program. 198
252-(l) The department, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 199
253-of the general statutes, shall adopt regulations necessary to implement 200
254-the requirements of this section, including, but not limited to: (1) 201
255-Committee Bill No. 6280
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258-LCO No. 4800 8 of 10
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260-Adopting methodologies using available science and publicly available 202
261-data to identify responsible parties and determine their applicable share 203
262-of covered greenhouse gas emissions; (2) requirements for registering 204
263-entities that are responsible parties and issuing notices of cost recovery 205
264-demands under the program; and (3) the resilience implementation 206
265-strategy, which shall include: (A) Practices utilizing nature-based 207
266-solutions intended to stabilize floodplains, riparian zones, lake 208
267-shoreland, wetlands and similar lands, (B) practices to adapt 209
268-infrastructure to the impacts of climate change, (C) practices needed to 210
269-build out early warning mechanisms and support fast, effective 211
270-response to climate-related threats, (D) practices that support economic 212
271-and environmental sustainability in the face of changing climate 213
272-conditions, and (E) criteria and procedures for prioritizing climate 214
273-change adaptation projects eligible to receive moneys from the program. 215
274-(m) In adopting the strategy, the department shall: (1) Consult with 216
275-other state agencies and departments to assess the adaptation needs and 217
276-vulnerabilities of various areas vital to the state's economy, normal 218
277-functioning and the health and well-being of residents of the state; (2) 219
278-identify major potential, proposed and ongoing climate change 220
279-adaptation projects throughout the state; (3) identify opportunities for 221
280-alignment with existing federal, state and local funding streams; (4) 222
281-consult with stakeholders, including local governments, businesses, 223
282-environmental advocates, relevant subject area experts and 224
283-representatives of environmental justice communities; and (5) conduct 225
284-public engagement in areas and communities that have the most 226
285-significant exposure to the impacts of climate change, including 227
286-disadvantaged, low-income and rural communities and areas. 228
287-(n) Beginning on January 1, 2031, and every five years thereafter, the 229
288-state Auditors of Public Accounts shall evaluate the operation and 230
289-effectiveness of the Climate Superfund Cost Recovery Program. The 231
290-auditors shall make recommendations to the department on ways to 232
291-increase program efficacy and cost-effectiveness. The auditors shall 233
292-submit the results of the audit to the joint standing committee of the 234
293-Committee Bill No. 6280
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298-General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the 235
299-environment. The auditors shall be reimbursed from the fund for any 236
300-costs associated with hiring technical expertise necessary to complete 237
301-the audits required under this section. 238
302-(o) On or before January 1, 2027, the State Treasurer, after 239
303-consultation with the department for the purpose of obtaining and 240
304-utilizing credible data or methodologies that the Treasurer determines 241
305-may aid in making the assessments and estimates required by this 242
306-section, shall submit to the joint standing committee of the General 243
307-Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the environment an 244
308-assessment of the cost to the state and its residents of the emission of 245
309-covered greenhouse gases for the period that began on January 1, 1995, 246
310-and ended on December 31, 2025. The assessment shall include: (1) A 247
311-summary of the various cost-driving effects of covered greenhouse gas 248
312-emissions on the state, including effects on public health, natural 249
313-resources, biodiversity, agriculture, economic development, flood 250
314-preparedness and safety, housing and any other effect that the 251
315-Treasurer, in consultation with the department, determines is relevant, 252
316-(2) a categorized calculation of the costs that have been incurred and are 253
317-projected to be incurred in the future within the state for each of the 254
318-effects identified under subdivision (1) of this subsection, and (3) a 255
319-categorized calculation of the costs that have been incurred and are 256
320-projected to be incurred in the future within the state to abate the effects 257
321-of covered greenhouse gas emissions between January 1, 1995, and 258
322-December 31, 2025, on the state and its residents. 259
323-This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following
324-sections:
325-
326-Section 1 July 1, 2025 New section
327-
28+That the general statutes be amended to establish a climate change 1
29+superfund that is funded by costs recovered from companies that have 2
30+contributed significantly to climate change and that is used for the 3
31+purpose of funding climate mitigation, resiliency and adaptation 4
32+projects. 5
32833 Statement of Purpose:
32934 To fund climate mitigation, resiliency and adaptation projects.
330-
331-Committee Bill No. 6280
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334-LCO No. 4800 10 of 10
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336-[Proposed deletions are enclosed in brackets. Proposed additions are indicated by underline, except
337-that when the entire text of a bill or resolution or a section of a bill or resolution is new, it is not
338-underlined.]
339-
340-Co-Sponsors: REP. WINTER, 94th Dist.; REP. MUSHINSKY, 85th Dist.
341-REP. SHANNON, 117th Dist.
342-
343-H.B. 6280
344-
345-