24 | | - | Section 1. (NEW) (Effective July 1, 2025) (a) For purposes of this 1 |
---|
25 | | - | section: 2 |
---|
26 | | - | (1) "Department" means the Department of Energy and 3 |
---|
27 | | - | Environmental Protection; 4 |
---|
28 | | - | (2) "Climate change adaptation project" means a project designed to 5 |
---|
29 | | - | respond to, avoid, moderate, repair or adapt to negative impacts caused 6 |
---|
30 | | - | by climate change and to assist human and natural communities, 7 |
---|
31 | | - | households and businesses in preparing for future climate-change-8 |
---|
32 | | - | driven disruptions. "Climate change adaptation project" includes 9 |
---|
33 | | - | implementing nature-based solutions and flood protections, home 10 |
---|
34 | | - | buyouts, upgrading stormwater drainage systems, making defensive 11 |
---|
35 | | - | upgrades to roads, bridges, railroads and transit systems, preparing for 12 |
---|
36 | | - | and recovering from extreme weather events, undertaking preventive 13 |
---|
37 | | - | health care programs and providing medical care to treat illness or 14 |
---|
38 | | - | injury caused by the effects of climate change, relocating, elevating or 15 |
---|
39 | | - | Committee Bill No. 6280 |
---|
40 | | - | |
---|
41 | | - | |
---|
42 | | - | LCO No. 4800 2 of 10 |
---|
43 | | - | |
---|
44 | | - | retrofitting sewage treatment plants and other infrastructure vulnerable 16 |
---|
45 | | - | to flooding, installing energy-efficient cooling systems and other 17 |
---|
46 | | - | weatherization and energy-efficiency upgrades and retrofits in public 18 |
---|
47 | | - | and private buildings, including schools and public housing, designed 19 |
---|
48 | | - | to reduce the public health effects of more frequent heat waves and 20 |
---|
49 | | - | forest fire smoke, upgrading parts of the electrical grid to increase 21 |
---|
50 | | - | stability and resilience, including supporting the creation of self-22 |
---|
51 | | - | sufficient microgrids, and responding to toxic algae blooms, loss of 23 |
---|
52 | | - | agricultural topsoil, crop loss and other climate-driven ecosystem 24 |
---|
53 | | - | threats to forests, farms, fisheries and food systems; 25 |
---|
54 | | - | (3) "Climate Superfund Cost Recovery Program" or "program" means 26 |
---|
55 | | - | the program established pursuant to this section; 27 |
---|
56 | | - | (4) "Coal" means bituminous coal, anthracite coal and lignite; 28 |
---|
57 | | - | (5) "Controlled group" means two or more entities treated as a single 29 |
---|
58 | | - | employer under 26 USC 52(a) or (b), without regard to 26 USC 30 |
---|
59 | | - | 1563(b)(2)(C), or, alternatively, 26 USC 414(m) or (o), provided for 31 |
---|
60 | | - | purposes of this section, entities in a controlled group shall be treated as 32 |
---|
61 | | - | a single entity for purposes of meeting the definition of responsible 33 |
---|
62 | | - | party and shall be jointly and severally liable for payment of any cost 34 |
---|
63 | | - | recovery demand owed by any entity in the controlled group; 35 |
---|
64 | | - | (6) "Cost recovery demand" means a charge asserted against a 36 |
---|
65 | | - | responsible party for cost recovery payments under the program for 37 |
---|
66 | | - | payment to the fund; 38 |
---|
67 | | - | (7) "Covered greenhouse gas emissions" means the total quantity of 39 |
---|
68 | | - | greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere during the covered 40 |
---|
69 | | - | period, expressed in metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, resulting 41 |
---|
70 | | - | from the use of fossil fuels extracted or refined by an entity; 42 |
---|
71 | | - | (8) "Covered period" means the period that began on January 1, 1995, 43 |
---|
72 | | - | and ended on December 31, 2025; 44 |
---|
73 | | - | (9) "Crude oil" means oil or petroleum of any kind and in any form, 45 |
---|
74 | | - | Committee Bill No. 6280 |
---|
75 | | - | |
---|
76 | | - | |
---|
77 | | - | LCO No. 4800 3 of 10 |
---|
78 | | - | |
---|
79 | | - | including bitumen, oil sands, heavy oil, conventional and 46 |
---|
80 | | - | unconventional oil, shale oil, natural gas liquids, condensates and 47 |
---|
81 | | - | related fossil fuels; 48 |
---|
82 | | - | (10) "Entity" means any individual, trustee, agent, partnership, 49 |
---|
83 | | - | association, corporation, company, municipality, political subdivision 50 |
---|
84 | | - | or other legal organization, including a foreign nation, that holds or held 51 |
---|
85 | | - | an ownership interest in a fossil fuel business during the covered period; 52 |
---|
86 | | - | (11) "Environmental justice community" has the same meaning as 53 |
---|
87 | | - | provided in section 22a-20a of the general statutes; 54 |
---|
88 | | - | (12) "Fossil fuel" means coal, petroleum products or fuel gases; 55 |
---|
89 | | - | (13) "Fossil fuel business" means a business engaging in the extraction 56 |
---|
90 | | - | of fossil fuels or the refining of petroleum products; 57 |
---|
91 | | - | (14) "Fuel gas" means: (A) Methane, (B) natural gas, (C) liquified 58 |
---|
92 | | - | natural gas, or (D) manufactured fuel gases; 59 |
---|
93 | | - | (15) "Fund" means the Climate Superfund Cost Recovery Program 60 |
---|
94 | | - | Fund established pursuant to this section; 61 |
---|
95 | | - | (16) "Greenhouse gas" has the same meaning as provided in section 62 |
---|
96 | | - | 22a-200 of the general statutes; 63 |
---|
97 | | - | (17) "Nature-based solutions" means projects that utilize or mimic 64 |
---|
98 | | - | nature or natural processes and functions and that may also offer 65 |
---|
99 | | - | environmental, economic and social benefits while increasing resilience. 66 |
---|
100 | | - | "Nature-based solutions" includes both green and natural 67 |
---|
101 | | - | infrastructure; 68 |
---|
102 | | - | (18) "Notice of cost recovery demand" means the written 69 |
---|
103 | | - | communication from the department informing a responsible party of 70 |
---|
104 | | - | the amount of the cost recovery demand payable to the fund; 71 |
---|
105 | | - | (19) "Petroleum product" means any product refined or re-refined 72 |
---|
106 | | - | from: (A) Synthetic or crude oil, or (B) crude oil extracted from natural 73 |
---|
107 | | - | Committee Bill No. 6280 |
---|
108 | | - | |
---|
109 | | - | |
---|
110 | | - | LCO No. 4800 4 of 10 |
---|
111 | | - | |
---|
112 | | - | gas liquids or other sources; 74 |
---|
113 | | - | (20) "Qualifying expenditure" means an authorized payment from 75 |
---|
114 | | - | the fund to pay reasonable expenses associated with the administration 76 |
---|
115 | | - | of the fund and the program and to pay for a climate change adaptation 77 |
---|
116 | | - | project, including such project's operation, monitoring and 78 |
---|
117 | | - | maintenance; 79 |
---|
118 | | - | (21) "Responsible party" means any entity or a successor in interest to 80 |
---|
119 | | - | an entity that during any part of the covered period was engaged in the 81 |
---|
120 | | - | trade or business of extracting fossil fuel or refining crude oil and that 82 |
---|
121 | | - | is determined by the department to be attributable for more than one 83 |
---|
122 | | - | billion metric tons of covered greenhouse gas emissions during the 84 |
---|
123 | | - | covered period. "Responsible party" does not include any person who 85 |
---|
124 | | - | lacks sufficient connection with the state to satisfy the nexus 86 |
---|
125 | | - | requirements of the Constitution of the United States; and 87 |
---|
126 | | - | (22) "Strategy" means the resilience implementation strategy adopted 88 |
---|
127 | | - | by the department. 89 |
---|
128 | | - | (b) There is established the Climate Superfund Cost Recovery 90 |
---|
129 | | - | Program administered by the Department of Energy and Environmental 91 |
---|
130 | | - | Protection. The purpose of the program shall be to: (1) Secure 92 |
---|
131 | | - | compensatory payments from responsible parties based on a standard 93 |
---|
132 | | - | of strict liability to provide a source of revenue for climate change 94 |
---|
133 | | - | adaptation projects within the state, (2) determine proportional liability 95 |
---|
134 | | - | of responsible parties, (3) impose cost recovery demands on responsible 96 |
---|
135 | | - | parties and issue notices of cost recovery demands, (4) accept and collect 97 |
---|
136 | | - | payment from responsible parties, (5) develop, adopt, implement and 98 |
---|
137 | | - | update the strategy that will identify and prioritize climate change 99 |
---|
138 | | - | adaptation projects, and (6) disperse funds to implement climate change 100 |
---|
139 | | - | adaptation projects identified in the strategy. 101 |
---|
140 | | - | (c) Each responsible party shall be strictly liable for a share of the costs 102 |
---|
141 | | - | of climate change adaptation projects and all qualifying expenditures 103 |
---|
142 | | - | supported by the fund. For purposes of this section, entities in a 104 |
---|
143 | | - | Committee Bill No. 6280 |
---|
144 | | - | |
---|
145 | | - | |
---|
146 | | - | LCO No. 4800 5 of 10 |
---|
147 | | - | |
---|
148 | | - | controlled group shall be: (1) Treated by the department as a single 105 |
---|
149 | | - | entity for the purpose of identifying responsible parties; and (2) jointly 106 |
---|
150 | | - | and severally liable for payment of any cost recovery demand owed by 107 |
---|
151 | | - | any entity in the controlled group. For any responsible party, the cost 108 |
---|
152 | | - | recovery demand shall be equal to an amount that bears the same ratio 109 |
---|
153 | | - | to the cost to the state and the state's residents, as calculated by the State 110 |
---|
154 | | - | Treasurer pursuant to this section, from the emission of covered 111 |
---|
155 | | - | greenhouse gases during the covered period as the responsible party's 112 |
---|
156 | | - | applicable share of covered greenhouse gas emissions bears to the 113 |
---|
157 | | - | aggregate applicable shares of covered greenhouse gas emissions 114 |
---|
158 | | - | resulting from the use of fossil fuels extracted or refined during the 115 |
---|
159 | | - | covered period. If a responsible party owns a minority interest of ten per 116 |
---|
160 | | - | cent or more in another entity, the responsible party's applicable share 117 |
---|
161 | | - | of covered greenhouse gas emissions shall be increased by the 118 |
---|
162 | | - | applicable share of covered greenhouse gas emissions for the entity in 119 |
---|
163 | | - | which the responsible party holds a minority interest multiplied by the 120 |
---|
164 | | - | percentage of the minority interest held by the responsible party. The 121 |
---|
165 | | - | department shall use the United States Environmental Protection 122 |
---|
166 | | - | Agency's Emissions Factors for Greenhouse Gas Inventories as applied 123 |
---|
167 | | - | to the fossil fuel volume data for the purpose of determining the amount 124 |
---|
168 | | - | of covered greenhouse gas emissions attributable to any entity from the 125 |
---|
169 | | - | fossil fuels attributable to the entity. 126 |
---|
170 | | - | (d) The department may adjust the cost recovery demand amount of 127 |
---|
171 | | - | a responsible party who refined petroleum products or who is a 128 |
---|
172 | | - | successor in interest to an entity that refines petroleum products if the 129 |
---|
173 | | - | responsible party establishes to the satisfaction of the department that: 130 |
---|
174 | | - | (1) A portion of the cost recovery demand amount was attributable to 131 |
---|
175 | | - | the refining of crude oil extracted by another responsible party, and (2) 132 |
---|
176 | | - | the crude oil extracted by the other entity was accounted for when the 133 |
---|
177 | | - | department determined the cost recovery demand amount for the other 134 |
---|
178 | | - | entity or a successor in interest of the other entity. 135 |
---|
179 | | - | (e) The department shall issue the cost recovery demands required 136 |
---|
180 | | - | under this section not later than six months following the adoption of 137 |
---|
181 | | - | Committee Bill No. 6280 |
---|
182 | | - | |
---|
183 | | - | |
---|
184 | | - | LCO No. 4800 6 of 10 |
---|
185 | | - | |
---|
186 | | - | the regulations required pursuant to this section. 138 |
---|
187 | | - | (f) (1) Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, a 139 |
---|
188 | | - | responsible party shall pay the cost recovery demand amount in full not 140 |
---|
189 | | - | later than six months following the department's issuance of the cost 141 |
---|
190 | | - | recovery demand. 142 |
---|
191 | | - | (2) A responsible party may elect to pay the cost recovery demand 143 |
---|
192 | | - | amount in nine annual installments in accordance with this subdivision, 144 |
---|
193 | | - | provided the first installment shall be paid not later than six months 145 |
---|
194 | | - | following the department's issuance of the cost recovery demand and 146 |
---|
195 | | - | shall be equal to twenty per cent of the total cost recovery demand 147 |
---|
196 | | - | amount. Each subsequent installment shall be paid one year from the 148 |
---|
197 | | - | initial payment each subsequent year and shall be equal to ten per cent 149 |
---|
198 | | - | of the total cost recovery demand amount. The department may charge 150 |
---|
199 | | - | reasonable interest on each installment payment or a payment delayed 151 |
---|
200 | | - | for any other reason and may adjust the amount of a subsequent 152 |
---|
201 | | - | installment payment or a payment delayed for any other reason to 153 |
---|
202 | | - | reflect increases or decreases in the consumer price index. The unpaid 154 |
---|
203 | | - | balance of all remaining installments shall become due immediately if: 155 |
---|
204 | | - | (A) The responsible party fails to pay any installment in a timely 156 |
---|
205 | | - | manner, as specified in regulations adopted pursuant to this section; (B) 157 |
---|
206 | | - | there is a liquidation or sale of substantially all the assets of the 158 |
---|
207 | | - | responsible party; or (C) the responsible party ceases to do business. In 159 |
---|
208 | | - | the case of a sale of substantially all the assets of a responsible party, the 160 |
---|
209 | | - | remaining installments shall not become due immediately if the buyer 161 |
---|
210 | | - | enters into an agreement with the department under which the buyer 162 |
---|
211 | | - | assumes liability for the remaining installments due under this 163 |
---|
212 | | - | subdivision in the same manner as if the buyer were the responsible 164 |
---|
213 | | - | party. 165 |
---|
214 | | - | (g) The department shall deposit cost recovery payments collected 166 |
---|
215 | | - | under this section in the Climate Superfund Cost Recovery Program 167 |
---|
216 | | - | Fund established pursuant to this section. 168 |
---|
217 | | - | (h) Any responsible party aggrieved by the issuance of a notice of cost 169 |
---|
218 | | - | Committee Bill No. 6280 |
---|
219 | | - | |
---|
220 | | - | |
---|
221 | | - | LCO No. 4800 7 of 10 |
---|
222 | | - | |
---|
223 | | - | recovery demand shall exhaust administrative remedies by filing a 170 |
---|
224 | | - | request for reconsideration with the department not later than thirty 171 |
---|
225 | | - | days following issuance of the notice of cost recovery demand. A 172 |
---|
226 | | - | request for reconsideration shall state grounds for the request and 173 |
---|
227 | | - | include supporting documentation. The department shall notify the 174 |
---|
228 | | - | responsible party of the final decision by issuing a subsequent notice of 175 |
---|
229 | | - | cost recovery demand. A responsible party aggrieved by the issuance of 176 |
---|
230 | | - | a final notice of cost recovery demand may bring an action in the 177 |
---|
231 | | - | Superior Court. 178 |
---|
232 | | - | (i) There is created the Climate Superfund Cost Recovery Program 179 |
---|
233 | | - | Fund to be administered by the Commissioner of Energy and 180 |
---|
234 | | - | Environmental Protection to provide funding for climate change 181 |
---|
235 | | - | adaptation projects in the state. The fund shall consist of: (1) Cost 182 |
---|
236 | | - | recovery payments deposited in the fund pursuant to this section, (2) 183 |
---|
237 | | - | moneys from time to time appropriated to the fund by the General 184 |
---|
238 | | - | Assembly, and (3) other gifts, donations or other moneys received from 185 |
---|
239 | | - | any source, public or private, dedicated for deposit into the fund. 186 |
---|
240 | | - | (j) The fund may be used only: (1) To pay qualified expenditures for 187 |
---|
241 | | - | climate change adaptation projects identified by the department in the 188 |
---|
242 | | - | strategy, and (2) for reasonable administrative expenses of the program, 189 |
---|
243 | | - | including the cost to the state Auditors of Public Accounts associated 190 |
---|
244 | | - | with the hiring of technical expertise necessary to complete the audits 191 |
---|
245 | | - | required under this section. 192 |
---|
246 | | - | (k) On or before February 15, 2026, the department, in consultation 193 |
---|
247 | | - | with the State Treasurer, shall submit a report to the joint standing 194 |
---|
248 | | - | committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters 195 |
---|
249 | | - | relating to the environment detailing the feasibility and progress of 196 |
---|
250 | | - | carrying out the requirements of this section, including any 197 |
---|
251 | | - | recommendations for improving the administration of the program. 198 |
---|
252 | | - | (l) The department, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 199 |
---|
253 | | - | of the general statutes, shall adopt regulations necessary to implement 200 |
---|
254 | | - | the requirements of this section, including, but not limited to: (1) 201 |
---|
255 | | - | Committee Bill No. 6280 |
---|
256 | | - | |
---|
257 | | - | |
---|
258 | | - | LCO No. 4800 8 of 10 |
---|
259 | | - | |
---|
260 | | - | Adopting methodologies using available science and publicly available 202 |
---|
261 | | - | data to identify responsible parties and determine their applicable share 203 |
---|
262 | | - | of covered greenhouse gas emissions; (2) requirements for registering 204 |
---|
263 | | - | entities that are responsible parties and issuing notices of cost recovery 205 |
---|
264 | | - | demands under the program; and (3) the resilience implementation 206 |
---|
265 | | - | strategy, which shall include: (A) Practices utilizing nature-based 207 |
---|
266 | | - | solutions intended to stabilize floodplains, riparian zones, lake 208 |
---|
267 | | - | shoreland, wetlands and similar lands, (B) practices to adapt 209 |
---|
268 | | - | infrastructure to the impacts of climate change, (C) practices needed to 210 |
---|
269 | | - | build out early warning mechanisms and support fast, effective 211 |
---|
270 | | - | response to climate-related threats, (D) practices that support economic 212 |
---|
271 | | - | and environmental sustainability in the face of changing climate 213 |
---|
272 | | - | conditions, and (E) criteria and procedures for prioritizing climate 214 |
---|
273 | | - | change adaptation projects eligible to receive moneys from the program. 215 |
---|
274 | | - | (m) In adopting the strategy, the department shall: (1) Consult with 216 |
---|
275 | | - | other state agencies and departments to assess the adaptation needs and 217 |
---|
276 | | - | vulnerabilities of various areas vital to the state's economy, normal 218 |
---|
277 | | - | functioning and the health and well-being of residents of the state; (2) 219 |
---|
278 | | - | identify major potential, proposed and ongoing climate change 220 |
---|
279 | | - | adaptation projects throughout the state; (3) identify opportunities for 221 |
---|
280 | | - | alignment with existing federal, state and local funding streams; (4) 222 |
---|
281 | | - | consult with stakeholders, including local governments, businesses, 223 |
---|
282 | | - | environmental advocates, relevant subject area experts and 224 |
---|
283 | | - | representatives of environmental justice communities; and (5) conduct 225 |
---|
284 | | - | public engagement in areas and communities that have the most 226 |
---|
285 | | - | significant exposure to the impacts of climate change, including 227 |
---|
286 | | - | disadvantaged, low-income and rural communities and areas. 228 |
---|
287 | | - | (n) Beginning on January 1, 2031, and every five years thereafter, the 229 |
---|
288 | | - | state Auditors of Public Accounts shall evaluate the operation and 230 |
---|
289 | | - | effectiveness of the Climate Superfund Cost Recovery Program. The 231 |
---|
290 | | - | auditors shall make recommendations to the department on ways to 232 |
---|
291 | | - | increase program efficacy and cost-effectiveness. The auditors shall 233 |
---|
292 | | - | submit the results of the audit to the joint standing committee of the 234 |
---|
293 | | - | Committee Bill No. 6280 |
---|
294 | | - | |
---|
295 | | - | |
---|
296 | | - | LCO No. 4800 9 of 10 |
---|
297 | | - | |
---|
298 | | - | General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the 235 |
---|
299 | | - | environment. The auditors shall be reimbursed from the fund for any 236 |
---|
300 | | - | costs associated with hiring technical expertise necessary to complete 237 |
---|
301 | | - | the audits required under this section. 238 |
---|
302 | | - | (o) On or before January 1, 2027, the State Treasurer, after 239 |
---|
303 | | - | consultation with the department for the purpose of obtaining and 240 |
---|
304 | | - | utilizing credible data or methodologies that the Treasurer determines 241 |
---|
305 | | - | may aid in making the assessments and estimates required by this 242 |
---|
306 | | - | section, shall submit to the joint standing committee of the General 243 |
---|
307 | | - | Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the environment an 244 |
---|
308 | | - | assessment of the cost to the state and its residents of the emission of 245 |
---|
309 | | - | covered greenhouse gases for the period that began on January 1, 1995, 246 |
---|
310 | | - | and ended on December 31, 2025. The assessment shall include: (1) A 247 |
---|
311 | | - | summary of the various cost-driving effects of covered greenhouse gas 248 |
---|
312 | | - | emissions on the state, including effects on public health, natural 249 |
---|
313 | | - | resources, biodiversity, agriculture, economic development, flood 250 |
---|
314 | | - | preparedness and safety, housing and any other effect that the 251 |
---|
315 | | - | Treasurer, in consultation with the department, determines is relevant, 252 |
---|
316 | | - | (2) a categorized calculation of the costs that have been incurred and are 253 |
---|
317 | | - | projected to be incurred in the future within the state for each of the 254 |
---|
318 | | - | effects identified under subdivision (1) of this subsection, and (3) a 255 |
---|
319 | | - | categorized calculation of the costs that have been incurred and are 256 |
---|
320 | | - | projected to be incurred in the future within the state to abate the effects 257 |
---|
321 | | - | of covered greenhouse gas emissions between January 1, 1995, and 258 |
---|
322 | | - | December 31, 2025, on the state and its residents. 259 |
---|
323 | | - | This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following |
---|
324 | | - | sections: |
---|
325 | | - | |
---|
326 | | - | Section 1 July 1, 2025 New section |
---|
327 | | - | |
---|
| 28 | + | That the general statutes be amended to establish a climate change 1 |
---|
| 29 | + | superfund that is funded by costs recovered from companies that have 2 |
---|
| 30 | + | contributed significantly to climate change and that is used for the 3 |
---|
| 31 | + | purpose of funding climate mitigation, resiliency and adaptation 4 |
---|
| 32 | + | projects. 5 |
---|