15 | 17 | | |
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16 | 18 | | |
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17 | 19 | | |
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18 | 20 | | AN ACT PERMITTING REDACTION FEES FOR THE DISCLOSURE OF |
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19 | 21 | | RECORDS CREATED BY POLICE BODY-WORN RECORDING |
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20 | 22 | | EQUIPMENT OR DASHBOARD CAMERAS UNDER THE FREEDOM OF |
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21 | 23 | | INFORMATION ACT. |
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22 | 24 | | Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General |
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23 | 25 | | Assembly convened: |
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24 | 26 | | |
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25 | 27 | | Section 1. Section 29-6d of the general statutes is repealed and the 1 |
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26 | 28 | | following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective October 1, 2025): 2 |
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27 | 29 | | (a) For purposes of this section, [and] section 2 of this act and section 3 |
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28 | 30 | | 7-277b: 4 |
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29 | 31 | | (1) "Law enforcement unit" has the same meaning as provided in 5 |
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30 | 32 | | section 7-294a; 6 |
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31 | 33 | | (2) "Police officer" means a sworn member of a law enforcement unit 7 |
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32 | 34 | | or any member of a law enforcement unit who performs police duties; 8 |
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33 | 35 | | (3) "Body-worn recording equipment" means an electronic recording 9 |
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34 | 36 | | device that is capable of recording audio and video; 10 |
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39 | 42 | | |
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40 | 43 | | recorder, as defined in section 7-277b; 12 |
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41 | 44 | | (5) "Digital data storage device or service" means a device or service 13 |
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42 | 45 | | that retains the data from the recordings made by body-worn recording 14 |
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43 | 46 | | equipment using computer data storage; [and] 15 |
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44 | 47 | | (6) "Police patrol vehicle" means any state or local police vehicle other 16 |
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45 | 48 | | than an administrative vehicle in which an occupant is wearing body-17 |
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46 | 49 | | worn camera equipment, a bicycle, a motor scooter, an all-terrain 18 |
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47 | 50 | | vehicle, an electric personal assistive mobility device, as defined in 19 |
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48 | 51 | | subsection (a) of section 14-289h, or an animal control vehicle; 20 |
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49 | 52 | | (7) "Freedom of Information Act" has the same meaning as provided 21 |
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50 | 53 | | in section 1-200; 22 |
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51 | 54 | | (8) "Requesting party" means the person requesting a record created 23 |
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52 | 55 | | using body-worn recording equipment or a dashboard camera pursuant 24 |
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53 | 56 | | to the Freedom of Information Act; 25 |
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54 | 57 | | (9) "Involved person" means (A) any individual depicted in the 26 |
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55 | 58 | | record created using body-worn recording equipment or a dashboard 27 |
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56 | 59 | | camera, (B) any individual directly involved in the incident that led to 28 |
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57 | 60 | | the police officer being called to respond, or (C) any police officer 29 |
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58 | 61 | | responding to such incident, including the police officer whose body-30 |
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59 | 62 | | worn recording equipment or dashboard camera created the record; and 31 |
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60 | 63 | | (10) "Redact" means to obscure, pixelate or mute any portion of a 32 |
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61 | 64 | | record created using body-worn recording equipment or a dashboard 33 |
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62 | 65 | | camera. 34 |
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63 | 66 | | (b) The Commissioner of Emergency Services and Public Protection 35 |
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64 | 67 | | and the Police Officer Standards and Training Council shall jointly 36 |
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65 | 68 | | evaluate and approve the minimal technical specifications of body-worn 37 |
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66 | 69 | | recording equipment that shall be worn by police officers pursuant to 38 |
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67 | 70 | | this section, dashboard cameras that shall be used in each police patrol 39 |
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68 | 71 | | vehicle and digital data storage devices or services that shall be used by 40 |
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73 | 77 | | |
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74 | 78 | | such equipment. The commissioner and council shall make such 42 |
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75 | 79 | | minimal technical specifications available to each law enforcement unit 43 |
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76 | 80 | | in a manner determined by the commissioner and council. The 44 |
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77 | 81 | | commissioner and council may revise the minimal technical 45 |
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78 | 82 | | specifications when the commissioner and council determine that 46 |
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79 | 83 | | revisions to such specifications are necessary. 47 |
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80 | 84 | | (c) (1) Each police officer shall use body-worn recording equipment 48 |
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81 | 85 | | while interacting with the public in such sworn member's law 49 |
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82 | 86 | | enforcement capacity, except as provided in subsection (g) of this 50 |
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83 | 87 | | section, or in the case of a municipal police department, in accordance 51 |
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84 | 88 | | with the department's policy adopted by the department and based on 52 |
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85 | 89 | | guidelines maintained pursuant to subsection (j) of this section, 53 |
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86 | 90 | | concerning the use of body-worn recording equipment. 54 |
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87 | 91 | | (2) Each police officer shall wear body-worn recording equipment on 55 |
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88 | 92 | | such officer's outer-most garment and shall position such equipment 56 |
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89 | 93 | | above the midline of such officer's torso when using such equipment. 57 |
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90 | 94 | | (3) Body-worn recording equipment used pursuant to this section 58 |
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91 | 95 | | shall conform to the minimal technical specifications approved 59 |
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92 | 96 | | pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, except that a police officer may 60 |
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93 | 97 | | use body-worn recording equipment that does not conform to the 61 |
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94 | 98 | | minimal technical specifications approved pursuant to subsection (b) of 62 |
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95 | 99 | | this section, if such equipment was purchased prior to January 1, 2016, 63 |
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96 | 100 | | by the law enforcement unit employing such officer. 64 |
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97 | 101 | | (4) Each law enforcement unit shall require usage of a dashboard 65 |
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98 | 102 | | camera in each police patrol vehicle used by any police officer employed 66 |
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99 | 103 | | by such unit in accordance with the unit's policy adopted by the unit 67 |
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100 | 104 | | and based on guidelines maintained pursuant to subsection (j) of this 68 |
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101 | 105 | | section, concerning dashboard cameras. 69 |
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102 | 106 | | (d) Except as required by state or federal law, no person employed by 70 |
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103 | 107 | | a law enforcement unit shall edit, erase, copy, share or otherwise alter 71 |
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104 | 108 | | or distribute in any manner any recording made by body-worn 72 |
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110 | 115 | | recording. 74 |
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111 | 116 | | (e) A police officer may review a recording from his or her body-worn 75 |
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112 | 117 | | recording equipment or a dashboard camera in order to assist such 76 |
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113 | 118 | | officer with the preparation of a report or otherwise in the performance 77 |
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114 | 119 | | of his or her duties. 78 |
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115 | 120 | | (f) (1) If a police officer is giving a formal statement about the use of 79 |
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116 | 121 | | force or if a police officer is the subject of a disciplinary investigation in 80 |
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117 | 122 | | which a recording from body-worn recording equipment or a 81 |
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118 | 123 | | dashboard camera is being considered as part of a review of an incident, 82 |
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119 | 124 | | the officer shall have the right to review (A) such recording in the 83 |
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120 | 125 | | presence of the officer's attorney or labor representative, and (B) 84 |
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121 | 126 | | recordings from other body-worn recording equipment capturing the 85 |
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122 | 127 | | officer's image or voice during the incident. Not later than forty-eight 86 |
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123 | 128 | | hours following an officer's review of a recording under subparagraph 87 |
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124 | 129 | | (A) of this subdivision, or if the officer does not review the recording, 88 |
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125 | 130 | | not later than ninety-six hours following the initiation of such 89 |
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126 | 131 | | disciplinary investigation, whichever is earlier, such recording shall be 90 |
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127 | 132 | | disclosed, upon request, to the public, subject to the provisions of 91 |
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128 | 133 | | subsection (g) of this section. Public disclosure may be delayed if the 92 |
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129 | 134 | | officer, due to a medical or physical response or an acute psychological 93 |
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130 | 135 | | stress response to the incident, is not reasonably able to review a 94 |
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131 | 136 | | recording under this subdivision, but in no event shall disclosure be 95 |
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132 | 137 | | delayed more than one hundred forty-four hours following the 96 |
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133 | 138 | | recorded event. 97 |
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134 | 139 | | (2) If a request is made for public disclosure of a recording from body-98 |
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135 | 140 | | worn recording equipment or a dashboard camera of an incident about 99 |
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136 | 141 | | which (A) a police officer has not been asked to give a formal statement 100 |
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137 | 142 | | about the alleged use of force, or (B) a disciplinary investigation has not 101 |
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138 | 143 | | been initiated, any police officer whose image or voice is captured on 102 |
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139 | 144 | | the recording shall have the right to review such recording in the 103 |
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140 | 145 | | presence of the officer's attorney or labor representative. Not later than 104 |
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147 | 153 | | ninety-six hours following the request for disclosure, whichever is 107 |
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148 | 154 | | earlier, such recording shall be disclosed to the public, subject to the 108 |
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149 | 155 | | provisions of subsection (g) of this section. Public disclosure may be 109 |
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150 | 156 | | delayed if the officer, due to a medical or physical response or an acute 110 |
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151 | 157 | | psychological stress response to the incident, is not reasonably able to 111 |
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152 | 158 | | review a recording under this subdivision, but in no event shall 112 |
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153 | 159 | | disclosure be delayed more than one hundred forty-four hours 113 |
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154 | 160 | | following the recorded event. 114 |
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155 | 161 | | (g) (1) Except as otherwise provided by any agreement between a law 115 |
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156 | 162 | | enforcement unit and the federal government, no police officer shall use 116 |
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157 | 163 | | body-worn recording equipment or a dashboard camera, if applicable, 117 |
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158 | 164 | | to intentionally record (A) a communication with other law enforcement 118 |
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159 | 165 | | unit personnel, except that which may be recorded as the officer 119 |
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160 | 166 | | performs his or her duties, (B) an encounter with an undercover officer 120 |
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161 | 167 | | or informant or an officer performing detective work described in 121 |
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162 | 168 | | guidelines developed pursuant to subsection (j) of this section, (C) when 122 |
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163 | 169 | | an officer is on break or is otherwise engaged in a personal activity, (D) 123 |
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164 | 170 | | a person undergoing a medical or psychological evaluation, procedure 124 |
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165 | 171 | | or treatment, (E) any person other than a suspect to a crime if an officer 125 |
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166 | 172 | | is wearing such equipment in a hospital or other medical facility setting, 126 |
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167 | 173 | | or (F) in a mental health facility, unless responding to a call involving a 127 |
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168 | 174 | | suspect to a crime who is thought to be present in the facility. 128 |
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169 | 175 | | (2) No record created using body-worn recording equipment or a 129 |
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170 | 176 | | dashboard camera of (A) an occurrence or situation described in 130 |
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171 | 177 | | subparagraphs (A) to (F), inclusive, of subdivision (1) of this subsection, 131 |
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172 | 178 | | (B) a scene of an incident that involves (i) a victim of domestic or sexual 132 |
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173 | 179 | | abuse, (ii) a victim of homicide or suicide, or (iii) a deceased victim of an 133 |
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174 | 180 | | accident, if disclosure could reasonably be expected to constitute an 134 |
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175 | 181 | | unwarranted invasion of personal privacy in the case of any such victim 135 |
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176 | 182 | | described in this subparagraph, or (C) a minor, shall be subject to 136 |
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177 | 183 | | disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act, [as defined in section 137 |
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185 | 192 | | psychological evaluation, procedure or treatment shall be disclosed to 141 |
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186 | 193 | | such involved person or the requesting party, and (ii) a record of a minor 142 |
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187 | 194 | | shall be disclosed if [(i)] (I) the minor and the parent or guardian of such 143 |
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188 | 195 | | minor consent to the disclosure of such record, [(ii)] or, if the minor is 144 |
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189 | 196 | | an involved person, the minor's parent or guardian is the requesting 145 |
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190 | 197 | | party or an involved person, (II) a police officer is the subject of an 146 |
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191 | 198 | | allegation of misconduct made by such minor or the parent or guardian 147 |
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192 | 199 | | of such minor, and the person representing such officer in an 148 |
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193 | 200 | | investigation of such alleged misconduct requests disclosure of such 149 |
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194 | 201 | | record for the sole purpose of preparing a defense to such allegation, or 150 |
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195 | 202 | | [(iii)] (III) a person is charged with a crime and defense counsel for such 151 |
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196 | 203 | | person requests disclosure of such record for the sole purpose of 152 |
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197 | 204 | | assisting in such person's defense and the discovery of such record as 153 |
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198 | 205 | | evidence is otherwise discoverable. 154 |
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199 | 206 | | (h) No police officer shall use body-worn recording equipment prior 155 |
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200 | 207 | | to being trained in accordance with section 7-294s in the use of such 156 |
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201 | 208 | | equipment and in the retention of data created by such equipment. A 157 |
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202 | 209 | | law enforcement unit shall ensure that each police officer such unit 158 |
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203 | 210 | | employs receives such training at least annually and is trained on the 159 |
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204 | 211 | | proper care and maintenance of such equipment. 160 |
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205 | 212 | | (i) If a police officer is aware that any body-worn recording 161 |
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206 | 213 | | equipment or dashboard camera is lost, damaged or malfunctioning, 162 |
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207 | 214 | | such officer shall inform such officer's supervisor in writing as soon as 163 |
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208 | 215 | | is practicable. Upon receiving such information, the supervisor shall 164 |
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209 | 216 | | ensure that the body-worn recording equipment or dashboard camera 165 |
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210 | 217 | | is inspected and repaired or replaced, as necessary. Each police officer 166 |
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211 | 218 | | shall inspect and test body-worn recording equipment prior to each shift 167 |
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212 | 219 | | to verify proper functioning, and shall notify such officer's supervisor 168 |
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213 | 220 | | of any problems with such equipment. 169 |
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222 | 230 | | work an officer might engage in that should not be recorded, retention 174 |
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223 | 231 | | of data created by such equipment and dashboard cameras and methods 175 |
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224 | 232 | | for safe and secure storage of such data. On and after October 1, 2024, 176 |
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225 | 233 | | such guidelines shall contain provisions concerning under which 177 |
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226 | 234 | | circumstances an officer shall not pause recording on such equipment. 178 |
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227 | 235 | | The guidelines shall not require a law enforcement unit to store such 179 |
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228 | 236 | | data for a period longer than one year, except in the case where the unit 180 |
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229 | 237 | | knows the data is pertinent to any ongoing civil, criminal or 181 |
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230 | 238 | | administrative matter. Each law enforcement unit and any police officer 182 |
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231 | 239 | | and any other employee of such unit who may have access to such data 183 |
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232 | 240 | | shall adhere to such guidelines. The commissioner and council may 184 |
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233 | 241 | | update and reissue such guidelines, as the commissioner and council 185 |
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234 | 242 | | determine necessary. The commissioner and council shall, upon 186 |
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235 | 243 | | issuance of such guidelines or any update to such guidelines, submit 187 |
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236 | 244 | | such guidelines in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a to the 188 |
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237 | 245 | | joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance 189 |
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238 | 246 | | of matters relating to the judiciary and public safety. 190 |
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239 | 247 | | (k) (1) Not later than October 1, 2023, the Police Officer Standards and 191 |
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240 | 248 | | Training Council, in consultation with the Institute for Municipal and 192 |
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241 | 249 | | Regional Policy at The University of Connecticut, shall prescribe a form 193 |
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242 | 250 | | to be used by law enforcement units to report each unit's compliance 194 |
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243 | 251 | | with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section. Such form shall 195 |
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244 | 252 | | require the compilation of information including, but not limited to, (A) 196 |
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245 | 253 | | the number of body-worn recording devices in operation in a law 197 |
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246 | 254 | | enforcement unit, (B) the number of dashboard cameras in operation in 198 |
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247 | 255 | | a law enforcement unit, (C) the number of police patrol vehicles not 199 |
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248 | 256 | | equipped with a dashboard camera in a law enforcement unit and the 200 |
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249 | 257 | | reasons such vehicles are not so equipped, (D) information regarding 201 |
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250 | 258 | | any incidents in which a police officer of a law enforcement unit was 202 |
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251 | 259 | | found in an internal investigation conducted by such unit to have 203 |
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260 | 269 | | enforcement unit shall submit a report on the form prescribed pursuant 208 |
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261 | 270 | | to subdivision (1) of this subsection concerning the unit's compliance 209 |
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262 | 271 | | with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section to the Institute for 210 |
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263 | 272 | | Municipal and Regional Policy at The University of Connecticut. The 211 |
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264 | 273 | | institute shall post such reports on the institute's Internet web site. 212 |
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265 | 274 | | (3) Not later than July 1, 2024, and annually thereafter, the Institute 213 |
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266 | 275 | | for Municipal and Regional Policy at The University of Connecticut 214 |
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267 | 276 | | shall, within available appropriations, review the reports submitted 215 |
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268 | 277 | | pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, and report the results of 216 |
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269 | 278 | | such review and any recommendations as a result of such review to the 217 |
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270 | 279 | | Governor, the Police Officer Standards and Training Council, the 218 |
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271 | 280 | | Criminal Justice Policy and Planning Division within the Office of Policy 219 |
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272 | 281 | | and Management and, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-220 |
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273 | 282 | | 4a, the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having 221 |
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274 | 283 | | cognizance of matters relating to the judiciary and public safety and 222 |
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275 | 284 | | security. 223 |
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276 | 285 | | Sec. 2. (NEW) (Effective October 1, 2025) (a) Except as provided in 224 |
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277 | 286 | | subsections (b) and (c) of this section, any public agency, as defined in 225 |
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278 | 287 | | section 1-200 of the general statutes, that maintains a copy of a record 226 |
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279 | 288 | | created using body-worn recording equipment or a dashboard camera 227 |
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280 | 289 | | pursuant to section 29-6d of the general statutes, as amended by this act, 228 |
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281 | 290 | | may charge the requesting party a redaction fee for any such record that 229 |
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282 | 291 | | requires redaction in accordance with the provisions of this section. 230 |
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283 | 292 | | Such fee shall compensate the public agency for the time spent redacting 231 |
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284 | 293 | | any portion of the requested record as required or authorized by state 232 |
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285 | 294 | | or federal law, including, but not limited to, the provisions of subsection 233 |
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286 | 295 | | (g) of section 29-6d of the general statutes, as amended by this act. Such 234 |
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287 | 296 | | fee shall be calculated as follows: 235 |
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296 | 306 | | redacting the requested record shall not be charged to the requesting 240 |
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297 | 307 | | party. 241 |
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298 | 308 | | (3) Except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, any additional 242 |
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299 | 309 | | labor costs associated with any time necessary to redact the requested 243 |
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300 | 310 | | record beyond the time set forth in subdivision (2) of this subsection 244 |
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301 | 311 | | may be charged to the requesting party at a rate not to exceed the hourly 245 |
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302 | 312 | | wage of the lowest-paid employee with the requisite training for 246 |
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303 | 313 | | redacting the responsive record. For purposes of this subdivision, the 247 |
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304 | 314 | | hourly wage of an employee shall be based upon the employee's base 248 |
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305 | 315 | | salary and shall not include benefits. The responding agency shall not 249 |
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306 | 316 | | charge the requesting party for the services of any attorney hired by the 250 |
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307 | 317 | | responding agency to conduct a second review of the requested record 251 |
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308 | 318 | | or any company providing digital management services to the 252 |
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309 | 319 | | responding agency. 253 |
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310 | 320 | | (4) Any fee charged to a requesting party under this subsection shall 254 |
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311 | 321 | | not exceed one hundred dollars per hour of the actual length of time of 255 |
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312 | 322 | | the record requested. In calculating the fee under this subsection, the 256 |
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313 | 323 | | public agency may round up the actual length of time of the record 257 |
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314 | 324 | | requested to the nearest half hour at a rate of fifty dollars per half hour. 258 |
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315 | 325 | | (5) If the amount to be charged to the requesting party in accordance 259 |
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316 | 326 | | with subdivision (3) of this subsection is estimated to exceed two 260 |
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317 | 327 | | hundred fifty dollars, the public agency shall inform the requesting 261 |
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318 | 328 | | party of the estimated fee and may require prepayment of such fee prior 262 |
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319 | 329 | | to redacting the requested record. If the amount of prepaid fees exceeds 263 |
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320 | 330 | | the actual labor costs incurred by the public agency in redacting the 264 |
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321 | 331 | | requested record, the public agency shall reimburse the requesting 265 |
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322 | 332 | | party for any difference between the prepaid amount and actual cost. 266 |
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332 | 343 | | legal guardian of an involved person, or (C) an attorney representing an 272 |
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333 | 344 | | involved person in any civil, criminal or administrative matter. 273 |
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334 | 345 | | (2) A public agency shall not charge a fee to any other requesting 274 |
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335 | 346 | | party if (A) the record depicts a police officer involved in a shooting, a 275 |
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336 | 347 | | police officer involved in a motor vehicle accident or a police officer 276 |
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337 | 348 | | giving a formal statement about the use of force, or (B) (i) there is an 277 |
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338 | 349 | | allegation of misconduct concerning the police officer involved, or (ii) 278 |
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339 | 350 | | the police officer involved is the subject of a disciplinary investigation, 279 |
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340 | 351 | | subject to any limitations on disclosure set forth in subsection (g) of 280 |
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341 | 352 | | section 29-6d of the general statutes, as amended by this act. 281 |
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342 | 353 | | (d) The public agency shall maintain an original, unredacted copy of 282 |
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343 | 354 | | any requested record that is redacted for public dissemination in 283 |
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344 | 355 | | accordance with the provisions of this section. 284 |
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345 | 356 | | (e) If the Freedom of Information Commission determines that a 285 |
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346 | 357 | | public agency has violated any provision of this section, the Freedom of 286 |
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347 | 358 | | Information Commission may order the public agency to refund any 287 |
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348 | 359 | | payment made under this section. 288 |
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349 | 360 | | Sec. 3. Subsections (a) and (b) of section 1-212 of the general statutes 289 |
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350 | 361 | | are repealed and the following is substituted in lieu thereof (Effective 290 |
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351 | 362 | | October 1, 2025): 291 |
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352 | 363 | | (a) Any person applying in writing shall receive, promptly upon 292 |
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353 | 364 | | request, a plain, facsimile, electronic or certified copy of any public 293 |
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354 | 365 | | record. The type of copy provided shall be within the discretion of the 294 |
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355 | 366 | | public agency, except (1) the agency shall provide a certified copy 295 |
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356 | 367 | | whenever requested, and (2) if the applicant does not have access to a 296 |
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367 | 379 | | authority or official of the state, including a committee of, or created by, 303 |
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368 | 380 | | such an office, agency, department, institution, bureau, board, 304 |
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369 | 381 | | commission, authority or official, and also including any judicial office, 305 |
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370 | 382 | | official or body or committee thereof but only in respect to its or their 306 |
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371 | 383 | | administrative functions, shall not exceed twenty-five cents per page; 307 |
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372 | 384 | | and 308 |
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373 | 385 | | (B) By all other public agencies, as defined in section 1-200, shall not 309 |
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374 | 386 | | exceed fifty cents per page. If any copy provided in accordance with said 310 |
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375 | 387 | | Freedom of Information Act requires a transcription, or if any person 311 |
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376 | 388 | | applies for a transcription of a public record, the fee for such 312 |
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377 | 389 | | transcription shall not exceed the cost thereof to the public agency. 313 |
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378 | 390 | | (b) The fee for any copy provided in accordance with subsection (a) 314 |
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379 | 391 | | of section 1-211 shall not exceed the cost thereof to the public agency. 315 |
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380 | 392 | | [In] Except as provided in section 2 of this act, in determining such costs 316 |
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381 | 393 | | for a copy, other than for a printout which exists at the time that the 317 |
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382 | 394 | | agency responds to the request for such copy, an agency may include 318 |
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383 | 395 | | only: 319 |
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384 | 396 | | (1) An amount equal to the hourly salary attributed to all agency 320 |
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385 | 397 | | employees engaged in providing the requested computer-stored public 321 |
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386 | 398 | | record, including their time performing the formatting or programming 322 |
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387 | 399 | | functions necessary to provide the copy as requested, but not including 323 |
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388 | 400 | | search or retrieval costs except as provided in subdivision (4) of this 324 |
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389 | 401 | | subsection; 325 |
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390 | 402 | | (2) An amount equal to the cost to the agency of engaging an outside 326 |
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391 | 403 | | professional electronic copying service to provide such copying 327 |
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402 | 415 | | services. Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, the fee for 334 |
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403 | 416 | | any copy of the names of registered voters shall not exceed three cents 335 |
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404 | 417 | | per name delivered or the cost thereof to the public agency, as 336 |
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405 | 418 | | determined pursuant to this subsection, whichever is less. The 337 |
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406 | 419 | | Department of Administrative Services shall provide guidelines to 338 |
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407 | 420 | | agencies regarding the calculation of the fees charged for copies of 339 |
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408 | 421 | | computer-stored public records to ensure that such fees are reasonable 340 |
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409 | 422 | | and consistent among agencies. 341 |
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410 | 423 | | This act shall take effect as follows and shall amend the following |
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411 | 424 | | sections: |
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412 | 425 | | |
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413 | 426 | | Section 1 October 1, 2025 29-6d |
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414 | 427 | | Sec. 2 October 1, 2025 New section |
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415 | 428 | | Sec. 3 October 1, 2025 1-212(a) and (b) |
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416 | 429 | | |
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