This docum ent does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives.
STORAGE NAME: h1607.CRG
DATE: 3/24/2023
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF ANALYSIS
BILL #: HB 1607 Protection of Historical Monuments and Memorials
SPONSOR(S): Black and others
TIED BILLS: IDEN./SIM. BILLS: CS/SB 1096
REFERENCE ACTION ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR or
BUDGET/POLICY CHIEF
1) Constitutional Rights, Rule of Law &
Government Operations Subcommittee
Wagoner Miller
2) Judiciary Committee
3) State Affairs Committee
SUMMARY ANALYSIS
Memorials are defined in statute. The willful and malicious destruction or demolition of a memorial, unless
authorized by the owner, is punishable as a second degree felony.
Creating the “Historical Monuments and Memorials Protection Act,” the brill provides that a person or entity
may not take or remove a monument or memorial displayed on public property without authorization from the
owner. Any person or entity removing a monument or memorial without owner authorization is liable for treble
the amount of the full cost of returning the monument or memorial and may be subject to punitive damages.
The bill establishes that a public entity owning a monument or memorial, a legal resident of the state, or an
entity whose purpose is historical preservation has standing to bring a civil action in circuit court in the judicial
circuit where the monument or memorial is located.
The bill allows a monument or memorial to be moved or relocated for various transportation projects and must
be relocated to a sight of similar prominence, honor, visibility, and access within the same county or
municipality in which the monument or memorial was originally located.
The bill does not appear to have a fiscal impact on state or local governments. STORAGE NAME: h1607.CRG PAGE: 2
DATE: 3/24/2023
FULL ANALYSIS
I. SUBSTANTIVE ANALYSIS
A. EFFECT OF PROPOSED CHANGES:
Present Situation
Memorials and Monuments
Historic properties, memorials, and monuments throughout Florida recognize historical events or
significant accomplishments of residents, including a number of memorials located on the grounds of
the Capitol Complex.
1
“Historic property” is defined as any building, structure, site, or object that has
been officially designated as a historic building, historic structure, historic site, or historic object through
a federal, state, or local designation program.
2
“Monument” is defined to mean a permanent structure
such as a marker, statue, sculpture, plaque, or other artifice, including living plant material, placed in
remembrance or recognition of a significant person or event in Florida history.
3
The Florida Arts and Culture Act
4
was established to provide support for, and gain national and
international recognition of, the efforts, works, and performances of Florida artists, art agencies,
museums, and nonprofit organizations. The intent of the Act is to foster and ensure that arts and culture
have a significant and positive effect on Florida residents.
5
The Division of Historical Resources in the Department of State is charged with encouraging
identification, evaluation, protection, preservation, collection, conservation, and interpretation of
information about Florida’s historic sites and properties or objects related to Florida’s history and
culture.
6
This includes cooperating with, advising, and assisting federal and state agencies in pursuit of
historic preservation.
7
The Florida Historical Resources Act
8
was established to preserve archaeological sites and objects of
antiquity for the public benefit.
9
The Act recognizes Florida’s rich and unique heritage of historic
properties as an important legacy to be valued and conserved for present and future generations.
Accordingly, Florida has adopted a state policy to lead, assist, administer, and encourage public entities
and private citizens to preserve the state’s historic environment and resources.
10
In 2021, Florida prohibited the willful and malicious destruction, demolition, or pulling down of
memorials and historic property. The statute defines “memorial” as any plaque, statue, marker, flag,
banner, cenotaph, religious symbol, painting, seal, tombstone, structure name, or display when such
item is:
Constructed and located with the intent that it be permanently displayed or perpetually
maintained;
Dedicated to an historical person, entity, event, or a series of events; and
Intended to honor or recount any past or present military service of any U.S. Armed Forces
military personnel or the public service of any Florida or U.S. resident.
11
1
S. 281.01, F.S., defines capitol complex to mean portions of Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida, commonly referred to as
the Capitol, the Historic Capitol, the Senate Office Building, the House Office Building, the Knott Building, the Pepper
Building, the Holland Building, and the curtilage of each, including the state-owned lands and public streets adjacent
thereto within an area bounded by and including Monroe Street, Jefferson Street, Duval Street, and Gaines Street. The
term also includes the State Capital Circle Office Complex located in Leon County, Florida. See ss. 265.001-265.006, F.S.
2
S. 806.13(1)(a), F.S
3
S. 265.111, F.S.
4
Ss. 265.281-265.709, F.S.
5
S. 265.282, F.S.
6
S. 20.1(2)(b), F.S.
7
S. 267.031, F.S.
8
Ss. 267.011-267.1736, F.S., are cited as the Florida Historical Resources Act. S. 267.011, F.S.
9
S. 267.14, F.S.
10
S. 267.061(2)(a), F.S.
11
S. 806.135(1)(b), F.S. STORAGE NAME: h1607.CRG PAGE: 3
DATE: 3/24/2023
It is a second-degree felony
12
for any person to willfully and maliciously destroy or demolish any
memorial or historic property, or willfully and maliciously pull down a memorial or historic property,
unless authorized by the owner of the memorial or the historic property. A person convicted of willfully
or maliciously destroying or demolishing any memorial or historic property must be ordered to pay
restitution, including the full cost of repair or replacement of the memorial or historic property
destroyed.
13
Civil Liability, Treble Damages, and Standing to Bring a Claim
A statute may subject a person to civil liability for damages caused by the person’s criminal behavior.
“Civil liability” is the quality, state, or condition of being legally obligated or accountable for civil
damages.
14
“Treble damages” are damages that, by statute, are three times the amount of actual
damages that the fact-finder determines is owed.
15
Standing
A party bringing a claim for damages must be the real party in interest or be expressly authorized by
statute to bring the claim on behalf of the real party in interest.
16
Effect of Proposed Changes
Creating the “Historical Monuments and Memorials Protection Act,” the bill provides that any person or
entity that removes a monument or memorial without authorization from the owner is liable for treble the
amount of the full cost of return and may be subject to punitive damages. “Memorial” is defined as a
plaque, statute, marker, flag, banner, cenotaph, religious symbol, painting, seal, tombstone, structure
name, or display constructed and located with the intent of being permanently displayed.
A public entity owning a monument or memorial, a legal resident of the state, or an entity whose
purpose is historical preservation is authorized to bring a civil action in the circuit court for the judicial
circuit in which the monument or memorial is located.
The bill allows a monument or memorial to be moved or relocated for construction, expansion, or
alteration of publicly owned roads, buildings, streets and highways, or other transportation projects. A
monument or memorial relocated for these purposes must be relocated to a site of similar prominence,
honor, visibility, and access within the same county or municipality in which the monument or memorial
was originally located.
B. SECTION DIECTORY:
Section 1 creates the title “Historical Monuments and Memorials Protection Act.”
Section 2 creates S. 265.401, F.S. relating to protecting historical monuments and memorials.
Section 3 provides for an effective date of July 1, 2023.
II. FISCAL ANALYSIS & ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENT
A. FISCAL IMPACT ON STATE GOVERNMENT:
12
A Second-degree felony is punishable by up to 15 years imprisonment and a $10,000 fine. Ss. 775.082(9)(a)3.c. and
775.083(1)(b), F.S.
13
S. 806.135(3), F.S.
14
Civil Liability, Black’s Law Dictionary (11th ed. 2019).
15
Treble Damages, Blacks’ Law Dictionary (11th ed. 2019).
16
Fla. R. Civ. P. 1.210(a) states in pertinent part: “Every action may be prosecuted in the name of the real party in
interest, but . . . a party expressly authorized by statute may sue in that person's own name without joining the party for
whose benefit the action is brought.” STORAGE NAME: h1607.CRG PAGE: 4
DATE: 3/24/2023
1. Revenues:
None.
2. Expenditures:
None.
B. FISCAL IMPACT ON LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:
1. Revenues:
None.
2. Expenditures:
None.
C. DIRECT ECONOMIC IMPACT ON PRIVATE SECTOR:
None.
D. FISCAL COMMENTS:
None.
III. COMMENTS
A. CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES:
1. Applicability of Municipality/County Mandates Provision:
Not Applicable. This bill does not appear to require counties or municipalities to spend funds or take
action requiring the expenditures of funds; reduce the authority that counties or municipalities have to
raise revenues in the aggregate; or reduce the percentage of state tax shared with counties or
municipalities.
2. Other:
None.
B. RULE-MAKING AUTHORITY:
The bill neither requires nor provides authority for executive branch rulemaking.
C. DRAFTING ISSUES OR OTHER COMMENTS:
None.
IV. AMENDMENTS/COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE CHANGES