Georgia 2025-2026 Regular Session

Georgia House Bill HB731 Compare Versions

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11 25 LC 47 3532
22 House Bill 731
33 By: Representatives Ballinger of the 23
44 rd
55 , Ridley of the 22
66 nd
77 , Byrd of the 20
88 th
99 , Thomas of the
1010 21
1111 st
1212 , Scoggins of the 14
1313 th
1414 , and others
1515 A BILL TO BE ENTITLED
1616 AN ACT
1717 To amend Article 2A of Chapter 8 of Title 48 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated,
1818 1
1919 relating to homestead option sales and use tax, so as to provide for an alternative homestead2
2020 option sales tax; to provide for a distribution of the proceeds from the levy of an alternative3
2121 homestead option sales and use tax; to provide for the levy of a special purpose local option4
2222 sales and use tax in certain counties; to provide for a referendum; to provide for procedures,5
2323 conditions, and limitations; to provide for a short title; to provide for definitions; to provide6
2424 for related matters; to provide for related matters; to repeal conflicting laws; and for other7
2525 purposes.8
2626 BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF GEORGIA:9
2727 SECTION 1.10
2828 Article 2A of Chapter 8 of Title 48 of the Official Code of Georgia Annotated, relating to11
2929 homestead option sales and use tax, is amended by adding a new part to read as follows:12
3030 H. B. 731
3131 - 1 - 25 LC 47 3532
3232 "Part 413
3333 48-8-109.25.14
3434 (a) This part shall be known and may be cited as the 'Alternative Homestead Option Sales15
3535 and Use Tax Act of 2025.'16
3636 (b) As used in this part, the term:17
3737 (1) 'Existing municipality' means a municipality created prior to January 1, 2026, lying18
3838 wholly within or partially within a county.19
3939 (2) 'Homestead' means homestead as defined and qualified in Code Section 48-5-40, with20
4040 the additional qualification that it shall include only the primary residence and not more21
4141 than five contiguous acres of land immediately surrounding such residence.22
4242 (3) 'Qualified municipality' means a municipality created on or after January 1, 2026,23
4343 lying wholly within or partially within a county.24
4444 (c) It is the intent of the General Assembly that the proceeds of the alternative homestead25
4545 option sales and use tax be distributed equitably to the counties and qualified municipalities26
4646 such that the residents of a new incorporated municipality will continue to receive a benefit27
4747 from that tax substantially equal to the benefit they would have received if the area covered28
4848 by the municipality had not incorporated. The provisions of this part shall be liberally29
4949 construed to effectuate such intent.30
5050 48-8-109.26.31
5151 (a) Pursuant to the authority granted by Article IX, Section II, Paragraph VI of the32
5252 Constitution of this state, there are created within this state 159 special districts. The33
5353 geographical boundary of each county shall correspond with and shall be conterminous34
5454 with the geographical boundary of one of the 159 special districts.35
5555 (b)(1) When the imposition of a local sales and use tax is authorized according to the36
5656 procedures provided in this part within a special district, the county whose geographical37
5757 H. B. 731
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5959 boundary is conterminous with that of the special district shall levy a local sales and use38
6060 tax at the rate of 1 percent, except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection. Except39
6161 as to rate, the local sales and use tax shall correspond to the tax imposed and administered40
6262 by Article 1 of this chapter. No item or transaction which is not subject to taxation by41
6363 Article 1 of this chapter shall be subject to the sales and use tax levied pursuant to this42
6464 part, except that the sales and use tax provided in this part shall be applicable to sales of43
6565 motor fuels as prepaid local tax as such term is defined in Code Section 48-8-2 and shall44
6666 be applicable to the sale of food and food ingredients and alcoholic beverages only to the45
6767 extent provided for in paragraph (57) of Code Section 48-8-3.46
6868 (2) Such sales and use tax levied on sales of motor fuels as defined in Code47
6969 Section 48-9-2 shall be at the rate of 1 percent of the retail sales price of the motor fuel48
7070 which is not more than $3.00 per gallon.49
7171 (c) The proceeds of the sales and use tax levied and collected under this part shall be used50
7272 only for the purposes of funding capital outlay projects and of funding services within a51
7373 special district equal to the revenue lost to the homestead exemption as provided in Code52
7474 Section 48-8-109.27 and, in the event excess funds remain following the expenditure for53
7575 such purposes, such excess funds shall be expended as provided in subparagraph (c)(2)(C)54
7676 of Code Section 48-8-109.27.55
7777 (d)(1) Such sales and use tax shall only be levied in a special district following the56
7878 enactment of a local Act which provides for a homestead exemption of an amount to be57
7979 determined from the amount of sales and use tax collected under this part. Such58
8080 exemption shall commence with taxable years beginning on or after January 1 of the year59
8181 immediately following the first complete calendar year in which the sales and use tax60
8282 under this part is levied. Any such local Act shall incorporate by reference the terms and61
8383 conditions specified under this part. Any such local Act shall not be subject to the62
8484 provisions of Code Section 1-3-4.1. Any such homestead exemption under this part shall63
8585 be in addition to and not in lieu of any other homestead exemption applicable to county64
8686 H. B. 731
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8888 taxes for county purposes within the special district. Notwithstanding any provision of65
8989 such local Act to the contrary, the referendum which shall otherwise be required to be66
9090 conducted under such local Act shall only be conducted if the resolution required under67
9191 this part is adopted prior to the issuance of the call for the referendum under the local Act68
9292 by the election superintendent. If such ordinance is not adopted by that date, the69
9393 referendum otherwise required to be conducted under the local Act shall not be70
9494 conducted.71
9595 (2) Such sales and use tax and the associated homestead exemption shall terminate ten72
9696 years after the date such sales and use tax is first collected; provided, however, that73
9797 nothing in this subsection shall prevent subsequent sales and use taxes or homestead74
9898 exemptions from being adopted pursuant to this part in the same manner as provided in75
9999 this part for the initial adoption of such sales and use tax and homestead exemption.76
100100 (3) No sales and use tax shall be levied in a special district under this part in which a tax77
101101 is levied and collected under Article 2 of this chapter.78
102102 (e) Whenever the governing authority of any county whose geographical boundary is79
103103 conterminous with that of the special district wishes to submit to the electors of the special80
104104 district the question of whether the sales and use tax authorized by this part shall be81
105105 imposed, any such governing authority shall notify the election superintendent of the82
106106 county whose geographical boundary is conterminous with that of the special district by83
107107 forwarding to the superintendent a copy of a resolution of the governing authority calling84
108108 for a referendum election. Upon receipt of the resolution, it shall be the duty of the election85
109109 superintendent to issue the call for an election for the purpose of submitting the question86
110110 of the imposition of the sales and use tax to the voters of the special district for approval87
111111 or rejection. The election superintendent shall issue the call and shall conduct the election88
112112 on a date and in the manner authorized under Code Section 21-2-540. Such election shall89
113113 only be conducted on the date of and in conjunction with a referendum provided for by90
114114 local Act on the question of whether to impose a homestead exemption within such county91
115115 H. B. 731
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117117 and based on the amount of proceeds from the sales and use tax levied and collected92
118118 pursuant to this part. The election superintendent shall cause the date and purpose of the93
119119 election to be published once a week for two weeks immediately preceding the date of the94
120120 election in the official organ of such county. The ballot shall have written or printed95
121121 thereon the following statement which shall precede the ballot question specified in this96
122122 subsection and the ballot question specified by the required local Act:97
123123 'NOTICE TO ELECTORS: Unless BOTH the alternative homestead exemption AND98
124124 the retail homestead option sales and use tax are approved, then neither the exemption nor99
125125 the sales and use tax shall become effective.'100
126126 Such statement shall be followed by the following:101
127127 '( ) YES102
128128 103
129129 ( ) NO104
130130 105
131131 106
132132 107
133133 Shall a retail homestead option sales and use tax of 1 percent be levied
134134 within the special district within _____________ County for the
135135 purposes of funding capital outlay projects and of funding services to
136136 replace revenue lost to an additional homestead exemption of up to 100
137137 percent of the assessed value of homesteads from county taxes for
138138 county purposes?'
139139 Notwithstanding any other provision of law to the contrary, the statement, ballot question,108
140140 and local Act ballot question referred to in this subsection shall precede any and all other109
141141 ballot questions calling for the levy or imposition of any other sales and use tax which are110
142142 to appear on the same ballot.111
143143 (f) All persons desiring to vote in favor of levying the sales and use tax shall vote 'Yes,'112
144144 and those persons opposed to levying the tax shall vote 'No.' If more than one-half of the113
145145 votes cast are in favor of levying the tax and approving the local Act providing such114
146146 homestead exemption, then the tax shall be levied in accordance with this part; otherwise,115
147147 the sales and use tax may not be levied, and the question of the imposition of the sales and116
148148 use tax may not again be submitted to the voters of the special district until after 24 months117
149149 immediately following the month in which the election was held. It shall be the duty of the118
150150 H. B. 731
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152152 election superintendent to hold and conduct such elections under the same rules and119
153153 regulations as govern special elections. It shall be the superintendent's further duty to120
154154 canvass the returns, declare the result of the election, and certify the result to the Secretary121
155155 of State and to the commissioner. The expense of the election shall be borne by the county122
156156 whose geographical boundary is conterminous with that of the special district holding the123
157157 election.124
158158 (g) If the imposition of the sales and use tax provided in this part is approved in a125
159159 referendum election as provided by subsections (e) and (f) of this Code section, the126
160160 governing authority of the county whose geographical boundary is conterminous with that127
161161 of the special district shall adopt a resolution within 30 days after the certification of the128
162162 result of the election imposing the sales and use tax authorized by this part on behalf of the129
163163 county whose geographical boundary is conterminous with that of the special district. The130
164164 resolution shall be effective on the first day of the next succeeding calendar quarter which131
165165 begins more than 50 days after the adoption of the resolution. With respect to services132
166166 which are billed on a regular monthly basis, however, the resolution shall become effective133
167167 with the first regular billing period coinciding with or following the otherwise effective134
168168 date of the resolution. A certified copy of the resolution shall be forwarded to the135
169169 commissioner so that it will be received within five days after its adoption.136
170170 (h) Within 30 days of the conclusion of a year in which the sale and use tax provided in137
171171 this part is collected, the county shall post a report in a prominent place on its website138
172172 detailing how much money was collected in the past year by such sale and use tax, the139
173173 value of homesteads reduced by such sales and use tax collections, and any other140
174174 information that may be required by the commissioner in rules adopted pursuant to141
175175 subsection (d) of Code Section 48-8-109.28. The county shall also deliver a copy of this142
176176 report to each member of the General Assembly whose district includes any part of the143
177177 county.144
178178 H. B. 731
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180180 48-8-109.27.145
181181 (a) The sales and use tax levied pursuant to this part shall be exclusively administered and146
182182 collected by the commissioner for the use and benefit of each county whose geographical147
183183 boundary is conterminous with that of a special district. Such administration and collection148
184184 shall be accomplished in the same manner and subject to the same applicable provisions,149
185185 procedures, and penalties provided in Article 1 of this chapter except that the sales and use150
186186 tax provided in this part shall be applicable to sales of motor fuels as prepaid local tax as151
187187 such term is defined in Code Section 48-8-2; provided, however, that all moneys collected152
188188 from each taxpayer by the commissioner shall be applied first to such taxpayer's liability153
189189 for taxes owed the state. Dealers shall be allowed a percentage of the amount of the sales154
190190 and use tax due and accounted for and shall be reimbursed in the form of a deduction in155
191191 submitting, reporting, and paying the amount due if such amount is not delinquent at the156
192192 time of payment. The deduction shall be at the rate and subject to the requirements157
193193 specified under subsections (b) through (f) of Code Section 48-8-50.158
194194 (b) Each sales and use tax return remitting sales and use taxes collected under this part159
195195 shall separately identify the location of each retail establishment at which any of the sales160
196196 and use taxes remitted were collected and shall specify the amount of sales and the amount161
197197 of taxes collected at each establishment for the period covered by the return in order to162
198198 facilitate the determination by the commissioner that all sales and use taxes imposed by this163
199199 part are collected and distributed according to situs of sale.164
200200 (c) The proceeds of the sales and use tax collected by the commissioner in each special165
201201 district under this part shall be disbursed as soon as practicable after collection as follows:166
202202 (1) One percent of the amount collected shall be paid into the general fund of the state167
203203 treasury in order to defray the costs of administration; and168
204204 (2) Except for the percentage provided in paragraph (1) of this subsection, the remaining169
205205 proceeds of the sales and use tax shall be distributed to the governing authority of the170
206206 county whose geographical boundary is conterminous with that of the special district. As171
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209209 a condition precedent for the authority to levy the sales and use tax or to collect any172
210210 proceeds from the tax authorized by this part for the year following the first complete173
211211 calendar year in which it is levied and for all subsequent years except the year following174
212212 the year in which the year in which the sales and use tax is terminated, the county whose175
213213 geographical boundary is conterminous with that of the special district shall, except as176
214214 otherwise provided in subsection (c) of Code Section 48-8-109.26, expend such proceeds177
215215 as follows:178
216216 (A) A portion of such proceeds shall be expended for the purpose of funding capital179
217217 outlay projects as follows:180
218218 (i) Prior to the beginning of each calendar year, the governing authority of the county181
219219 whose geographical boundary is conterminous with that of the special district shall182
220220 establish the capital factor which shall not exceed .250;183
221221 (ii) Capital outlay projects shall be funded in an amount equal to the product of the184
222222 capital factor multiplied by the net amount of the sales and use tax proceeds collected185
223223 under this part during the previous calendar year, and this amount shall be referred to186
224224 as capital outlay proceeds;187
225225 (iii) The total portion, if any, to be paid to existing municipalities from the capital188
226226 outlay proceeds shall be determined as follows:189
227227 (I) If the sales and use tax provided for in Part 1 of Article 3 of this chapter is190
228228 currently levied and collected within such county, such portions shall be determined191
229229 for each existing municipality by applying the percentage used for that192
230230 municipality's portion of the proceeds of such sales and use tax received by such193
231231 county from the commissioner in each month to the capital outlay portion of the194
232232 proceeds of the sales and use tax provided for by this article received from the195
233233 commissioner in the same month;196
234234 (II) If a new municipality is incorporated within the county, such newly197
235235 incorporated municipality shall receive a portion of each month's capital outlay198
236236 H. B. 731
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238238 proceeds that is equal to the population of such municipality within such county as199
239239 a percentage of the total population of the county, as such populations are200
240240 determined based upon the most recently published decennial United States Census,201
241241 and the portion of such capital outlay proceeds received by the county and the202
242242 existing municipalities shall be reduced in proportion to their populations within203
243243 such county; or204
244244 (III) If the sales and use tax provided for in Part 1 of Article 3 of this chapter is not205
245245 levied or collected within such county, the capital outlay portion of the sales and use206
246246 tax provided for in this article shall be distributed to the municipalities located207
247247 wholly or partially within the county based upon the populations of such208
248248 municipalities that are located within the county as a percentage of the total209
249249 population of such county, as such populations are determined based upon the most210
250250 recently published decennial United States Census; and211
251251 (iv) Capital outlay projects funded by this part undertaken by the county shall be212
252252 limited to road improvement projects; provided, however, that nothing in this division213
253253 shall limit the scope of capital outlay projects undertaken by a qualified municipality;214
254254 and215
255255 (B) A portion of such proceeds shall be expended for the purpose of funding services216
256256 within the special district equal to the revenue lost to the homestead exemption as217
257257 provided in this Code section as follows:218
258258 (i) Within 30 days of the end of the calendar year, the governing authority of such219
259259 county shall calculate the homestead factor for that period by multiplying the quantity220
260260 1.000 minus the capital factor for that period, and then dividing by the taxes to be221
261261 levied in the current tax year for county maintenance and operations on only that222
262262 portion of the county's tax digest levied for maintenance and operations that223
263263 represents net assessments on qualified homestead property after all other homestead224
264264 exemptions have been applied, rounding the result to three decimal places;225
265265 H. B. 731
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267267 (ii) If the homestead factor is less than or equal to 1.000, the amount of homestead226
268268 exemption created for the current tax year under this part on qualified homestead227
269269 property shall be equal to the product of the homestead factor multiplied times the net228
270270 assessment of each qualified homestead remaining after all other homestead229
271271 exemptions have been applied; and230
272272 (iii) If the homestead factor is greater than 1.000, the homestead exemption created231
273273 for the current tax year by this part on qualified homestead property shall be equal to232
274274 the net assessment of each homestead remaining after all other homestead exemptions233
275275 have been applied; and234
276276 (C) If any of such proceeds remain following the distribution provided for in235
277277 subparagraphs (A) and (B) of this paragraph:236
278278 (i) The millage rate levied for county maintenance and operation purposes shall be237
279279 rolled back in an amount equal to such excess divided by the net taxable digest for238
280280 county purposes after deducting all homestead exemptions including the exemption239
281281 under this part; and240
282282 (ii) In the event the rollback created by division (i) of this subparagraph exceeds the241
283283 millage rate for county maintenance and operation purposes, the governing authority242
284284 of the county whose boundary is conterminous with the special district shall be243
285285 authorized to expend the surplus funds for funding all or any portion of those services244
286286 which are to be provided by such governing authorities pursuant to and in accordance245
287287 with Article IX, Section II, Paragraph III of the Constitution of this state.246
288288 (d) For illustration purposes, a hypothetical example of the calculation is provided below.247
289289 First, calculate the homestead factor in accordance with248
290290 division (c)(2)(B)(i) of this Code section as follows:249
291291 (A) Capital factor certified by county as required by250
292292 subsection (c) of this Code section251
293293 0.150
294294 H. B. 731
295295 - 10 - 25 LC 47 3532
296296 (B) Net amount of sales and use tax collected in the252
297297 special district pursuant to this part for the previous253
298298 calendar year254
299299 $ 50 million
300300 (C) Taxes levied for county purposes on only that portion255
301301 of the county tax digest that represents net assessments on256
302302 qualified homestead property after all other homestead257
303303 exemptions have been applied258
304304 $100 million
305305 (D) Calculation of homestead factor using figures above259
306306 = [(1-.0150)($50 million/$100 million)]260
307307 .425
308308 48-8-109.28.261
309309 (a) Where a local sales or use tax has been paid with respect to tangible personal property262
310310 by the purchaser either in another local tax jurisdiction within this state or in a tax263
311311 jurisdiction outside this state, the sales and use tax may be credited against the sales and264
312312 use tax authorized to be imposed by this part upon the same property. If the amount of265
313313 sales or use tax so paid is less than the amount of the use tax due under this part, the266
314314 purchaser shall pay an amount equal to the difference between the amount paid in the other267
315315 tax jurisdiction and the amount due under this part. The commissioner may require such268
316316 proof of payment in another local tax jurisdiction as the commissioner deems necessary and269
317317 proper. No credit shall be granted, however, against the sales and use tax imposed under270
318318 this part for tax paid in another jurisdiction if the sales and use tax paid in such other271
319319 jurisdiction is used to obtain a credit against any other local sales and use tax levied in the272
320320 special district or in the county which is conterminous with the special district; and sales273
321321 and use taxes so paid in another jurisdiction shall be credited first against the sales and use274
322322 tax levied under this part and then against the sales and use tax levied under Article 3 of275
323323 this chapter, if applicable.276
324324 H. B. 731
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326326 (b) No sales and use tax provided for in Code Section 48-8-109.26 shall be imposed upon277
327327 the sale of tangible personal property which is ordered by and delivered to the purchaser278
328328 at a point outside the geographical area of the special district in which the sales and use tax279
329329 is imposed under this part regardless of the point at which title passes, if the delivery is280
330330 made by the seller's vehicle, United States mail, or common carrier or by private or contract281
331331 carrier licensed by the Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration or the Georgia282
332332 Department of Public Safety.283
333333 (c)(1) As used in this subsection, the term 'building and construction materials' means284
334334 all building and construction materials, supplies, fixtures, or equipment, any combination285
335335 of such items, and any other leased or purchased articles when the materials, supplies,286
336336 fixtures, equipment, or articles are to be utilized or consumed during construction or are287
337337 to be incorporated into construction work pursuant to a bona fide written construction288
338338 contract.289
339339 (2) No sales and use tax provided for in Code Section 48-8-109.26 shall be imposed in290
340340 a special district upon the sale or use of building and construction materials when the291
341341 contract pursuant to which the materials are purchased or used was advertised for bid292
342342 prior to approval of the levy of the sales and use tax by the county whose geographical293
343343 boundary is conterminous with that of the special district and the contract was entered294
344344 into as a result of a bid actually submitted in response to the advertisement prior to295
345345 approval of the levy of the sales and use tax.296
346346 (d) The commissioner shall have the power and authority to promulgate such rules and297
347347 regulations as shall be necessary for the effective and efficient administration and298
348348 enforcement of the collection of the sales and use tax authorized to be imposed by this299
349349 part."300
350350 SECTION 2.301
351351 All laws and parts of laws in conflict with this Act are repealed.302
352352 H. B. 731
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