| 47 | | - | PART I SECTION 1. The legislature finds that the State has relied on contracted private, for-profit prisons to house a significant portion of the State's prison population for more than two decades. Unfortunately, the inmates who serve their sentences in these out-of-state facilities are effectively exiled thousands of miles away from their families, friends, and crucial support networks. The impacts of this isolation are felt disproportionately by the native Hawaiian inmates, who are significantly more likely to be transferred to out-of-state prisons than inmates of other ethnicities. More specifically, a 2010 report by the office of Hawaiian affairs, entitled "The Disparate Treatment of Native Hawaiians in the Criminal Justice System", found that out-of-state incarceration results in significant trauma to prisoners and their families. In collecting data and testimony for the report, the office of Hawaiian affairs found that incarceration outside of the State often resulted in families being torn apart. For example, one former inmate stated that he "lost [his] family--wife and kids" when he was forced to serve five years of his sentence on the mainland. Other individuals involved in the criminal justice system described how they witnessed inmates react emotionally when they realized they would be moved thousands of miles away from their families without being able to tell them goodbye. The report also found that when the inmates returned to the State, they were more likely to encounter difficulties when reentering society due to the lack of adequate reentry programs at the out-of-state prisons and the long length of time they spent away from their support networks and Hawaii culture. The legislature also finds that the adverse impacts of incarcerating inmates outside of the State were recognized by the legislature and the department of public safety even before the State began the practice of contracting with private mainland prisons. During the Regular Session of 1994, when the legislature was first considering whether to authorize the use of private, out-of-state correctional facilities to alleviate prison overcrowding, standing committees in both the senate and house of representatives expressed concerns about inmates being transferred away from their support networks and the impact this would have on their rehabilitation. Committees in both chambers expressed a clear intent that inmates with strong ties to Hawaii should not be transferred outside of the State. In 1994, the senate committee on judiciary stated in standing committee report no. 1902: "Many inmates currently incarcerated in Hawaii's prisons have lived their entire lives in Hawaii. These inmates have no support systems in localities other than Hawaii. Accordingly, on the basis of the representations made by . . . the director of public safety, priority for transfers should be given first to non-Hawaii resident inmates, then to those inmates who have lived in our State for five years or less, and only thereafter will those with strong roots in Hawaii be considered for transfer." Similarly, in 1994, the standing committee on public safety and corrections of the house of representatives stated the following in standing report number 975-94: "[T]he public defender raised concerns that inmates with a local support system would be transferred to other states against their will. An enormous factor in an inmate's rehabilitation is the inmate's ability to receive visits or phone calls from friends and relatives. It appears that visits or phone calls to an inmate would be greatly reduced, it not eliminated, if an inmate with a local support system is transferred to a mainland correctional center. In light of this, it is in the intent of your Committee that any inmate having a strong, nurturing support system in Hawaii that contributes to the inmate's rehabilitation shall not be considered for interstate transfer." Accordingly, the legislature finds that when it enacted Act 208, Session Laws of Hawaii 1994, which authorized the transfer of inmates to privately operated correctional facilities outside of the State, it did so with the clear intent that the department of public safety would not transfer individuals with strong community ties. The legislature also finds that this clear intent has largely been ignored over the last twenty-five years. The legislature further recognizes that fears regarding the significant detrimental impact that interstate transfers would have on inmates have turned out to be true. In addition, the problem of prison overcrowding continues to persist even though Act 208 was enacted specifically to alleviate this issue. In addition, larger problems with the use of mass incarceration have increased since Act 208 was enacted. Accordingly, the legislature believes that the State must phase out the practice of transferring inmates to privately operated mainland correctional facilities. The legislature notes that the State had the authority to transfer certain inmates to publicly operated correctional facilities, such as prisons owned and operated directly by the federal government or a state, prior to the passage of Act 208, Session Laws of Hawaii 1994. The State will retain that authority under this Act. The legislature also finds that the department of public safety is currently planning for the construction of a new jail to replace the existing Oahu community correctional center in Kalihi. In 2018, the governor announced that he had selected the Halawa animal quarantine facility site as the location for the new jail. The new facility would cost $525,000,000, and the State planned to fund the facility using either general obligation bond proceeds or through a public-private partnership, in which the State would engage with a private party to develop and operate the jail. However, the legislature takes notice of the negative impacts of using private correctional facilities, including a lack of oversight and accountability and recurring violations of inmates' constitutional rights. Accordingly, the legislature does not believe it would be prudent to move forward with the construction of a new, privately operated jail within the State. The legislature further finds that Act 179, Session Laws of Hawaii 2019, established the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission (commission) to ensure transparency in the State's correctional system; support safe conditions for employees, inmates, and detainees; and provide positive reform towards a rehabilitative and therapeutic correctional system. The commission is responsible for overseeing the State's correctional system, establishing maximum inmate population limits for each correctional facility and monitoring crucial reentry programs, facility educational and treatment programs, rehabilitative services, work furloughs, and parole services. Since its inception, the commission has played a leading role in addressing the COVID-19 response in the State's correctional system despite being unable to hire any staff or access any of its appropriated funding. The commission recently expressed concerns that the department of public safety's process to construct a new jail on Oahu was flawed. Despite the project's large costs, plans have been developed without meaningful input or guidance from the community and the facility planners have failed to identify factors driving the State's jail population. The commission concluded that the State should reassess the required capacity of the new jail, noting that many of the assumptions made at the time the facility's environmental impact statement was written have changed. Recently, the State markedly reduced the inmate population at the Oahu community correctional center to reduce chronic overcrowding in the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. As a result, the population of Oahu community correctional center was reduced from over one thousand inmates to less than eight hundred inmates. A study conducted by the Lawyers for Equal Justice determined that the vast majority of inmates released did not re-offend and most of those who did reoffend had been arrested for "poverty related offenses", such as those related to homelessness, including entering a closed public park or obstructing a public sidewalk. These population reduction efforts, as well as future moves toward pretrial reform and sentencing reform, would alter the requirements of any new correctional center in the State. Accordingly, the commission recommended that planning for the new jail be paused so that additional review and crucial planning may be conducted. The legislature believes that it is crucial that the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission be included in this review and planning. In addition, as the State phases out the use of private correctional facilities, the commission's crucial role in establishing important corrections policies and providing crucial oversight will become even more important. Therefore, to ensure the State has a coordinated approach to the management of the State's correctional facilities as it brings prisoners formerly incarcerated in private, out-of-state correctional facilities back to Hawaii, the legislature believes that the commission must be included in the planning and design of any new correctional facility or the expansion of any existing correctional facility in the State. The purpose of this Act is to: (1) Require the commission to create a comprehensive plan to phase out private correctional institutions by 2025 and transmit a report containing the plan and any proposed legislation to the legislature; and (2) Require the department of public safety to obtain input on and recommendations from the commission on any master plan for construction of a new correctional facility or expansion of an existing correctional facility, and include the input and recommendations in any environmental impact statement for the project. SECTION 2. Chapter 353, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to part I to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: "§353- Construction and expansion of correctional facilities; input and recommendations of Hawaii correctional system oversight commission required. (a) No new correctional facility shall be constructed and no existing correctional facility shall be expanded unless: (1) The department first obtains input on and recommendations from the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission on any master plan for the facility; and (2) The input and recommendations from the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission are included in any environmental impact statement on the project. (b) To facilitate the input and recommendations of the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission as provided in subsection (a), the department shall submit the following information to the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission upon the commission's request: (1) The proposed maximum inmate population of the facility; (2) Any programs proposed for the facility, including reentry programs, facility educational and treatment programs, rehabilitative services, work furloughs, and parole services; and (3) Any other relevant information required by the commission as established by rules adopted pursuant to chapter 91." SECTION 3. Section 353L-3, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (b) to read as follows: "(b) The commission shall: (1) Oversee the State's correctional system and have jurisdiction over investigating complaints at correctional facilities and facilitating a correctional system transition to a rehabilitative and therapeutic model; (2) Establish maximum inmate population limits for each correctional facility and formulate policies and procedures to prevent the inmate population from exceeding the capacity of each correctional facility; (3) Consult with the department of public safety on the planning of any new or expanded correctional facility in the State, and provide input and recommendations on any master plan for the facility, for inclusion in any environmental impact statement on the project, as provided in section 353- ; (4) Work with the department of public safety in monitoring and reviewing the comprehensive offender reentry program, including facility educational and treatment programs, rehabilitative services, work furloughs, and the Hawaii paroling authority's oversight of parolees. The commission may make recommendations to the department of public safety, the Hawaii paroling authority, and the legislature regarding reentry and parole services; [and] [(4)] (5) Ensure that the comprehensive offender reentry system under chapter 353H is working properly to provide programs and services that result in the timely release of inmates on parole when the maximum terms have been served instead of delaying the release for lack of programs and services[.]; and (6) Create a comprehensive plan to phase out private correctional institutions by 2025. The commission shall seek input from the department of the attorney general, office of the prosecuting attorney, office of the public defender, judiciary, and department of public safety in creating the plan. A report transmitting the plan, including any proposed legislation, shall be submitted to the legislature no later than twenty days prior to the convening of the regular session of 2022. For the purposes of this subsection, "private correctional institution" includes any facility: (A) Owned by the State and operated by a non-governmental entity; or (B) Operated under a public-private partnership. To achieve these ends, the commission shall authorize the oversight coordinator to adopt rules in accordance with chapter 91." SECTION 4. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored. SECTION 5. This Act shall take effect on July 1, 3050. |
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| 47 | + | PART I SECTION 1. The legislature finds that the State has relied on contracted private, for-profit prisons to house a significant portion of the State's prison population for more than two decades. Unfortunately, the inmates who serve their sentences in these out-of-state facilities are effectively exiled thousands of miles away from their families, friends, and crucial support networks. The impacts of this isolation are felt disproportionately by the native Hawaiian inmates, who are significantly more likely to be transferred to out-of-state prisons than inmates of other ethnicities. More specifically, a 2010 report by the office of Hawaiian affairs, entitled "The Disparate Treatment of Native Hawaiians in the Criminal Justice System", found that out-of-state incarceration results in significant trauma to prisoners and their families. In collecting data and testimony for the report, the office of Hawaiian affairs found that incarceration outside of the State often resulted in families being torn apart. For example, one former inmate stated that he "lost [his] family--wife and kids" when he was forced to serve five years of his sentence on the mainland. Other individuals involved in the criminal justice system described how they witnessed inmates react emotionally when they realized they would be moved thousands of miles away from their families without being able to tell them goodbye. The report also found that when the inmates returned to the State, they were more likely to encounter difficulties when reentering society due to the lack of adequate reentry programs at the out-of-state prisons and the long length of time they spent away from their support networks and Hawaii culture. The legislature also finds that the adverse impacts of incarcerating inmates outside of the State were recognized by the legislature and the department of public safety even before the State began the practice of contracting with private mainland prisons. During the Regular Session of 1994, when the legislature was first considering whether to authorize the use of private, out-of-state correctional facilities to alleviate prison overcrowding, standing committees in both the senate and house of representatives expressed concerns about inmates being transferred away from their support networks and the impact this would have on their rehabilitation. Committees in both chambers expressed a clear intent that inmates with strong ties to Hawaii should not be transferred outside of the State. In 1994, the senate committee on judiciary stated in standing committee report no. 1902: "Many inmates currently incarcerated in Hawaii's prisons have lived their entire lives in Hawaii. These inmates have no support systems in localities other than Hawaii. Accordingly, on the basis of the representations made by . . . the director of public safety, priority for transfers should be given first to non-Hawaii resident inmates, then to those inmates who have lived in our State for five years or less, and only thereafter will those with strong roots in Hawaii be considered for transfer." Similarly, in 1994, the standing committee on public safety and corrections of the house of representatives stated the following in standing report number 975-94: "[T]he public defender raised concerns that inmates with a local support system would be transferred to other states against their will. An enormous factor in an inmate's rehabilitation is the inmate's ability to receive visits or phone calls from friends and relatives. It appears that visits or phone calls to an inmate would be greatly reduced, it not eliminated, if an inmate with a local support system is transferred to a mainland correctional center. In light of this, it is in the intent of your Committee that any inmate having a strong, nurturing support system in Hawaii that contributes to the inmate's rehabilitation shall not be considered for interstate transfer." Accordingly, the legislature finds that when it enacted Act 208, Session Laws of Hawaii 1994, which authorized the transfer of inmates to privately operated correctional facilities outside of the State, it did so with the clear intent that the department of public safety would not transfer individuals with strong community ties. The legislature also finds that this clear intent has largely been ignored over the last twenty-five years. The legislature further recognizes that fears regarding the significant detrimental impact that interstate transfers would have on inmates have turned out to be true. In addition, the problem of prison overcrowding continues to persist even though Act 208 was enacted specifically to alleviate this issue. In addition, larger problems with the use of mass incarceration have increased since Act 208 was enacted. Accordingly, the legislature believes that the State must phase out the practice of transferring inmates to privately operated mainland correctional facilities. The legislature notes that the State had the authority to transfer certain inmates to publicly operated correctional facilities, such as prisons owned and operated directly by the federal government or a state, prior to the passage of Act 208, Session Laws of Hawaii 1994. The State will retain that authority under this Act. The legislature also finds that the department of public safety is currently planning for the construction of a new jail to replace the existing Oahu community correctional center in Kalihi. In 2018, the governor announced that he had selected the Halawa animal quarantine facility site as the location for the new jail. The new facility would cost $525,000,000, and the State planned to fund the facility using either general obligation bond proceeds or through a public-private partnership, in which the State would engage with a private party to develop and operate the jail. However, the legislature takes notice of the negative impacts of using private correctional facilities, including a lack of oversight and accountability and recurring violations of inmates' constitutional rights. Accordingly, the legislature does not believe it would be prudent to move forward with the construction of a new, privately operated jail within the State. The legislature further finds that Act 179, Session Laws of Hawaii 2019, established the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission to ensure transparency in the State's correctional system; support safe conditions for employees, inmates, and detainees; and provide positive reform towards a rehabilitative and therapeutic correctional system. The commission is responsible for overseeing the State's correctional system, establishing maximum inmate population limits for each correctional facility and monitoring crucial reentry programs, facility educational and treatment programs, rehabilitative services, work furloughs, and parole services. Since its inception, the commission has played a leading role in addressing the COVID-19 response in the State's correctional system despite being unable to hire any staff or access any of its appropriated funding. The Hawaii correctional system oversight commission recently expressed concerns that the department of public safety's process to construct a new jail on Oahu was flawed. Despite the project's large costs, plans have been developed without meaningful input or guidance from the community and the facility planners have failed to identify factors driving the State's jail population. The commission concluded that the State should reassess the required capacity of the new jail, noting that many of the assumptions made at the time the facility's environmental impact statement was written have changed. Recently, the State markedly reduced the inmate population at the Oahu community correctional center to reduce chronic overcrowding in the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. As a result, the population of Oahu community correctional center was reduced from over one thousand inmates to less than eight hundred inmates. A study conducted by the Lawyers for Equal Justice determined that the vast majority of inmates released did not re-offend and most of those who did reoffend had been arrested for "poverty related offenses", such as those related to homelessness, including entering a closed public park or obstructing a public sidewalk. These population reduction efforts, as well as future moves toward pretrial reform and sentencing reform, would alter the requirements of any new correctional center in the State. Accordingly, the commission recommended that planning for the new jail be paused so that additional review and crucial planning may be conducted. The legislature believes that it is crucial that the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission be included in this review and planning. In addition, as the State phases out the use of private correctional facilities, the commission's crucial role in establishing important corrections policies and providing crucial oversight will become even more important. Therefore, to ensure the State has a coordinated approach to the management of the State's correctional facilities as it brings prisoners formerly incarcerated in private, out-of-state correctional facilities back to Hawaii, the legislature believes that the commission must be included in the planning and design of any new correctional facility or the expansion of any existing correctional facility in the State. The purpose of this Act is to require: (1) The State to phase out the use of private prisons; and (2) The department of public safety to obtain the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission's approval before constructing any new correctional facility or expanding any existing correctional facility. PART II SECTION 2. Chapter 353, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to part I to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: "§353- Use of private correctional institutions prohibited. (a) Beginning July 1, 2025, the State shall not commit, transfer, or house any inmate at a private correctional institution. (b) This section shall not be construed to prohibit the State from contracting with or housing an inmate at: (1) Any facility providing rehabilitative, counseling, treatment, mental health, educational, or medical services to a minor who is under the jurisdiction of the family court; (2) Any facility providing evaluation or treatment services to a person who has been detained or is subject to an order of commitment by a court; (3) Any facility providing educational, vocational, medical, or other ancillary services to an inmate in the custody of, and under the direct supervision of, the State or any of its political subdivisions; (4) A residential care facility licensed by the department of health or department of human services; (5) Any school facility used for the disciplinary detention of a pupil; (6) Any facility used for the quarantine or isolation of persons for public health reasons; or (7) Any facility used for the temporary detention of a person detained or arrested by a merchant, private investigator or guard, or other person pursuant to section 803-3. (c) For purposes of this section, "private correctional institution" includes any facility: (1) Owned by the State and operated by a non-government entity; or (2) Operated under a public-private partnership." SECTION 3. Section 353-16.2, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (a) to read as follows: "(a) The director may effect the transfer of a committed felon to any correctional institution located in another state regardless of whether the state is a member of the Western Interstate Corrections Compact; provided that the institution is in compliance with appropriate health, safety, and sanitation codes of the state, provides a level of program activity for the inmate that is suitable, and is operated by that state, by any of its political subdivisions, or by a private institution; and provided further that the transfer is either: (1) In the interest of the security, management of the correctional institution where the inmate is presently placed, or the reduction of prison overcrowding; or (2) In the interest of the inmate[.]; provided further that beginning July 1, 2021, the director shall commence reducing the number of committed felons incarcerated in private correctional institutions. Beginning June 30, 2025, no inmate shall be committed or transferred to any private correctional institution. For the purpose of this section, "private correctional institution" shall include any correctional institution operated under a public-private partnership." SECTION 4. Section 353-16.3, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows: "§353-16.3 Development of out-of-state Hawaii correctional facilities. Notwithstanding any other provision to the contrary, the governor, with the assistance of the director, may negotiate with any appropriate out-of-state jurisdiction for the development of Hawaii correctional facilities to reduce prison overcrowding; provided that any agreement negotiated pursuant to this section shall be subject to legislative approval by concurrent resolution in any regular or special session[.]; provided further that the authority to negotiate and execute an agreement under this section shall expire on June 30, 2025." PART III SECTION 5. Chapter 353, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to part I to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: "§353- Construction and development of new correctional facilities; approval of Hawaii correctional system oversight commission required. (a) No new correctional facility shall be constructed and no existing correctional facility shall be expanded unless the construction or expansion is first approved by the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission. (b) To facilitate the approval or disapproval of a proposed new or expanded correctional facility as provided in subsection (a), the department shall submit the following information to the Hawaii correctional system oversight commission upon the commission's request: (1) The proposed maximum inmate population of the facility; (2) Any programs proposed for the facility, including reentry programs, facility educational and treatment programs, rehabilitative services, work furloughs, and parole services; and (3) Any other relevant information required by the commission as established by rules adopted pursuant to chapter 91." SECTION 6. Section 353L-3, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by amending subsection (b) to read as follows: "(b) The commission shall: (1) Oversee the State's correctional system and have jurisdiction over investigating complaints at correctional facilities and facilitating a correctional system transition to a rehabilitative and therapeutic model; (2) Establish maximum inmate population limits for each correctional facility and formulate policies and procedures to prevent the inmate population from exceeding the capacity of each correctional facility; (3) Consult with the department of public safety on the planning of any new or expanded correctional facility in the State, and approve or disapprove those plans before the correctional facility is constructed or expanded, as provided in section 353- ; (4) Work with the department of public safety in monitoring and reviewing the comprehensive offender reentry program, including facility educational and treatment programs, rehabilitative services, work furloughs, and the Hawaii paroling authority's oversight of parolees. The commission may make recommendations to the department of public safety, the Hawaii paroling authority, and the legislature regarding reentry and parole services; and [(4)] (5) Ensure that the comprehensive offender reentry system under chapter 353H is working properly to provide programs and services that result in the timely release of inmates on parole when the maximum terms have been served instead of delaying the release for lack of programs and services. To achieve these ends, the commission shall authorize the oversight coordinator to adopt rules in accordance with chapter 91." PART IV SECTION 7. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored. SECTION 8. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. INTRODUCED BY: _____________________________ |
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