Hawaii 2022 Regular Session

Hawaii House Bill HB693 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

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1	1	HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES H.B. NO. 693 THIRTY-FIRST LEGISLATURE, 2021 STATE OF HAWAII A BILL FOR AN ACT Relating to Mauna Kea. BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII:
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3	3	HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES H.B. NO. 693
4	4	THIRTY-FIRST LEGISLATURE, 2021
5	5	STATE OF HAWAII
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7	7	HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
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9	9	H.B. NO.
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11	11	693
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13	13	THIRTY-FIRST LEGISLATURE, 2021
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17	17	STATE OF HAWAII
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31	31	A BILL FOR AN ACT
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37	37	Relating to Mauna Kea.
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43	43	BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF HAWAII:
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47	47	SECTION 1. The legislature finds that Mauna Kea is a sacred place for the Hawaiian people. According to Hawaiian cultural traditions, Mauna Kea is the home of the divine ancestors of the Hawaiian people. It is also both a burial ground and an important site for Hawaiian cultural practices. It hosts hundreds of archaeological sites, most of which are historic heiau, or shrines, used in Hawaiian spiritual practices. Additionally, Mauna Kea is home to numerous flora and fauna that are not found anywhere else on the planet, some of which have been designated as endangered species by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. The legislature further finds that the protection and preservation of Mauna Kea is an issue of statewide concern. Since 1998, four audits by the state auditor have been critical of the management, stewardship, and protection of Mauna Kea. Although significant changes have occurred on Mauna Kea since the 1998 audit, negative experiences over the past fifty years have eroded public confidence and demonstrated the critical need for a new approach to the stewardship of Mauna Kea. The legislature additionally finds that environmental personhood laws have been enacted in the United States and throughout the world as a means of protecting important ecological and cultural places. In 2006 and 2007, the town of Tamaqua Borough in Pennsylvania established the first environmental personhood ordinances in the nation, which were intended to combat toxic waste. Since then, other locations have enacted or proposed "rights of nature" measures, including in 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and in 2020 Orange County, Florida. Perhaps the most well-known international example of environmental personhood is the Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act of 2017 enacted by the New Zealand parliament, which was the first piece of legislation to declare a river to be a legal person. The Te Awa Tupua Act bestowed upon the Whanganui River the rights, duties, and powers of a legal person, including the ability to sue those who harm it. Moreover, the Te Awa Tupua Act was aimed at improving the relationship between the government of New Zealand and its indigenous people through the enshrinement of the rights of nature associated with the culturally significant Whanganui River into law. The legislature finds that a similar legal model would be beneficial in resolving longstanding concerns about the management and stewardship of Hawaii's natural resources and public lands, including Mauna Kea. Accordingly, the purpose of this Act is to establish legal personhood for Mauna Kea. SECTION 2. The Hawaii Revised Statutes is amended by adding a new chapter to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: "Chapter RIGHTS OF NATURE § -1 Definitions. As used in this chapter: "Board of regents" means the board of regents of the University of Hawaii. "Mauna Kea" shall mean all lands and natural resources on the mountain situated on the island of Hawaii known as Mauna Kea, Maunakea, Mauna a Wakea, Mauna O Wakea, Ka Mauna a Kea, or Mauna Akea, including but not limited to lands under the jurisdiction of the department of land and natural resources and lands leased by the University of Hawaii or over which the University of Hawaii acquires control or jurisdiction. § -2 Mauna Kea; legal personhood. (a) Mauna Kea shall be recognized as a legal person and shall have the rights, powers, and duties of a legal person, including the right to exist and flourish. (b) The board of land and natural resources, the board of regents, and any other public or private entity using Mauna Kea lands shall recognize the legal personhood of Mauna Kea and shall not engage in, or attempt to engage in, activities that violate the rights, powers, and duties bestowed upon Mauna Kea by its establishment as a legal person. § -3 Natural resources; uses; activities; leases; licenses; permits; easements. The natural resources found on Mauna Kea, including all flora and fauna, shall be considered to have an inalienable connection to the health and well-being of Mauna Kea. No use, activity, lease, license, permit, or easement involving Mauna Kea shall be approved that compromises or endangers this connection. § -4 Right of action. Any individual, public agency, or private entity may bring an action against another individual or entity that violates or attempts to violate the legal personhood of Mauna Kea." SECTION 3. Chapter 171, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: "§171- Mauna kea lands; leases; land licenses; permits; easements. (a) Prior to approving any lease, land license, permit, or easement involving Mauna Kea lands, the board shall publish a report explaining how the requirements of chapter will be met by the potential lessee, licensee, permitee, or easement holder. (b) For purposes of this section, "Mauna Kea lands" shall mean all lands situated on the mountain on the island of Hawaii known as Mauna Kea, Maunakea, Mauna a Wakea, Mauna O Wakea, Ka Mauna a Kea, or Mauna Akea under the jurisdiction of the department." SECTION 4. Section 304A-1902, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows: "[[]§304A-1902[]] Mauna Kea lands; fees; lease agreements. (a) The board of regents may charge a fee for use of the Mauna Kea lands and for the use of facilities and programs related to the Mauna Kea lands. (b) The board of regents may enter into lease agreements for the Mauna Kea lands; provided that the University of Hawaii shall comply with all statutory requirements in the disposition of ceded lands. (c) Prior to approving any activity, use, or lease agreement involving Mauna Kea lands, the board of regents shall publish a report explaining how the requirements of chapter will be met by the individuals or entities undertaking the use, activity, or lease agreement. [(c)] (d) In establishing the fees, the board of regents shall be exempt from the public notice, public hearing, and gubernatorial approval requirements of chapter 91; provided that the fees shall be established at an open public meeting pursuant to chapter 92. The fees shall be deposited into the Mauna Kea lands management special fund established under section 304A-2170." SECTION 5. (a) There is established a Mauna Kea legal personhood working group within the department of land and natural resources for administrative purposes. The purpose of the Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall be to develop recommendations regarding the implementation of legal personhood for Mauna Kea, including but not limited to changes to administrative rules and University of Hawaii policies necessary to effectuate this Act. (b) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall consist of: (1) The governor or the governor's designee; (2) The president of the senate or the president's designee; (3) The speaker of the house of representatives or the speaker's designee; (4) The chairperson of the department of land and natural resources or the chairperson's designee; (5) The chairperson of the board of trustees of the office of Hawaiian affairs or the chairperson's designee; (6) The president of the University of Hawaii or the president's designee; (7) A representative from a nonprofit, public interest organization specializing in advocacy for environmental and conservation issues; (8) A representative from a nonprofit, public interest organization specializing in Native Hawaiian rights law; and (9) A representative from a nonprofit, public interest organization specializing in Native Hawaiian cultural practices. (c) The members of the working group may select a chairperson from amongst its membership. (d) In its deliberations, the Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall review: (1) The Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act of 2017 enacted by the New Zealand Parliament; (2) Ordinances enacted in 2006 and 2007 in Tamaqua Borough, Pennsylvania, relating to banning corporate toxic waste; (3) The Wekiva River and Econlockhatchee River Bill of Rights passed by Orange County, Florida, voters in 2020; (4) The decision of the United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, in Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources; (5) Ordinances enacted in 2010 by the Pittsburgh City banning corporations from conducting natural gas drilling in the city and recognizing the legally enforceable rights of nature to exist and flourish; and (6) Recommendations from the Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund regarding the recognition and enforcement of the rights of nature. (e) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall submit an interim report to the legislature detailing the status of its discussions no later than twenty days prior to the convening of the regular session of 2022. (f) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall submit a final report to the legislature of its recommendations, including any proposed legislation, on the implementation of legal personhood for Mauna Kea no later than twenty days prior to the convening of the regular session of 2023. (g) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall not be subject to the requirements of chapter 92, Hawaii Revised Statutes. (h) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall serve without compensation. (i) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall serve until it has accomplished the purposes of this Act or twenty days prior to the convening of the regular session of 2023, whichever occurs first. SECTION 6. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored. SECTION 7. This Act shall take effect upon its approval. INTRODUCED BY: _____________________________
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49	49	SECTION 1. The legislature finds that Mauna Kea is a sacred place for the Hawaiian people. According to Hawaiian cultural traditions, Mauna Kea is the home of the divine ancestors of the Hawaiian people. It is also both a burial ground and an important site for Hawaiian cultural practices. It hosts hundreds of archaeological sites, most of which are historic heiau, or shrines, used in Hawaiian spiritual practices. Additionally, Mauna Kea is home to numerous flora and fauna that are not found anywhere else on the planet, some of which have been designated as endangered species by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service.
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51	51	The legislature further finds that the protection and preservation of Mauna Kea is an issue of statewide concern. Since 1998, four audits by the state auditor have been critical of the management, stewardship, and protection of Mauna Kea. Although significant changes have occurred on Mauna Kea since the 1998 audit, negative experiences over the past fifty years have eroded public confidence and demonstrated the critical need for a new approach to the stewardship of Mauna Kea.
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53	53	The legislature additionally finds that environmental personhood laws have been enacted in the United States and throughout the world as a means of protecting important ecological and cultural places. In 2006 and 2007, the town of Tamaqua Borough in Pennsylvania established the first environmental personhood ordinances in the nation, which were intended to combat toxic waste. Since then, other locations have enacted or proposed "rights of nature" measures, including in 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and in 2020 Orange County, Florida. Perhaps the most well-known international example of environmental personhood is the Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act of 2017 enacted by the New Zealand parliament, which was the first piece of legislation to declare a river to be a legal person. The Te Awa Tupua Act bestowed upon the Whanganui River the rights, duties, and powers of a legal person, including the ability to sue those who harm it. Moreover, the Te Awa Tupua Act was aimed at improving the relationship between the government of New Zealand and its indigenous people through the enshrinement of the rights of nature associated with the culturally significant Whanganui River into law.
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55	55	The legislature finds that a similar legal model would be beneficial in resolving longstanding concerns about the management and stewardship of Hawaii's natural resources and public lands, including Mauna Kea.
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57	57	Accordingly, the purpose of this Act is to establish legal personhood for Mauna Kea.
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59	59	SECTION 2. The Hawaii Revised Statutes is amended by adding a new chapter to be appropriately designated and to read as follows:
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61	61	"Chapter
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63	63	RIGHTS OF NATURE
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65	65	§ -1 Definitions. As used in this chapter:
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67	67	"Board of regents" means the board of regents of the University of Hawaii.
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69	69	"Mauna Kea" shall mean all lands and natural resources on the mountain situated on the island of Hawaii known as Mauna Kea, Maunakea, Mauna a Wakea, Mauna O Wakea, Ka Mauna a Kea, or Mauna Akea, including but not limited to lands under the jurisdiction of the department of land and natural resources and lands leased by the University of Hawaii or over which the University of Hawaii acquires control or jurisdiction.
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71	71	§ -2 Mauna Kea; legal personhood. (a) Mauna Kea shall be recognized as a legal person and shall have the rights, powers, and duties of a legal person, including the right to exist and flourish.
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73	73	(b) The board of land and natural resources, the board of regents, and any other public or private entity using Mauna Kea lands shall recognize the legal personhood of Mauna Kea and shall not engage in, or attempt to engage in, activities that violate the rights, powers, and duties bestowed upon Mauna Kea by its establishment as a legal person.
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75	75	§ -3 Natural resources; uses; activities; leases; licenses; permits; easements. The natural resources found on Mauna Kea, including all flora and fauna, shall be considered to have an inalienable connection to the health and well-being of Mauna Kea. No use, activity, lease, license, permit, or easement involving Mauna Kea shall be approved that compromises or endangers this connection.
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77	77	§ -4 Right of action. Any individual, public agency, or private entity may bring an action against another individual or entity that violates or attempts to violate the legal personhood of Mauna Kea."
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79	79	SECTION 3. Chapter 171, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended by adding a new section to be appropriately designated and to read as follows:
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81	81	"§171- Mauna kea lands; leases; land licenses; permits; easements. (a) Prior to approving any lease, land license, permit, or easement involving Mauna Kea lands, the board shall publish a report explaining how the requirements of chapter will be met by the potential lessee, licensee, permitee, or easement holder.
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83	83	(b) For purposes of this section, "Mauna Kea lands" shall mean all lands situated on the mountain on the island of Hawaii known as Mauna Kea, Maunakea, Mauna a Wakea, Mauna O Wakea, Ka Mauna a Kea, or Mauna Akea under the jurisdiction of the department."
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85	85	SECTION 4. Section 304A-1902, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows:
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87	87	"[[]§304A-1902[]] Mauna Kea lands; fees; lease agreements. (a) The board of regents may charge a fee for use of the Mauna Kea lands and for the use of facilities and programs related to the Mauna Kea lands.
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89	89	(b) The board of regents may enter into lease agreements for the Mauna Kea lands; provided that the University of Hawaii shall comply with all statutory requirements in the disposition of ceded lands.
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91	91	(c) Prior to approving any activity, use, or lease agreement involving Mauna Kea lands, the board of regents shall publish a report explaining how the requirements of chapter will be met by the individuals or entities undertaking the use, activity, or lease agreement.
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93	93	[(c)] (d) In establishing the fees, the board of regents shall be exempt from the public notice, public hearing, and gubernatorial approval requirements of chapter 91; provided that the fees shall be established at an open public meeting pursuant to chapter 92. The fees shall be deposited into the Mauna Kea lands management special fund established under section 304A-2170."
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95	95	SECTION 5. (a) There is established a Mauna Kea legal personhood working group within the department of land and natural resources for administrative purposes. The purpose of the Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall be to develop recommendations regarding the implementation of legal personhood for Mauna Kea, including but not limited to changes to administrative rules and University of Hawaii policies necessary to effectuate this Act.
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97	97	(b) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall consist of:
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99	99	(1) The governor or the governor's designee;
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101	101	(2) The president of the senate or the president's designee;
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103	103	(3) The speaker of the house of representatives or the speaker's designee;
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105	105	(4) The chairperson of the department of land and natural resources or the chairperson's designee;
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107	107	(5) The chairperson of the board of trustees of the office of Hawaiian affairs or the chairperson's designee;
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109	109	(6) The president of the University of Hawaii or the president's designee;
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111	111	(7) A representative from a nonprofit, public interest organization specializing in advocacy for environmental and conservation issues;
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113	113	(8) A representative from a nonprofit, public interest organization specializing in Native Hawaiian rights law; and
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115	115	(9) A representative from a nonprofit, public interest organization specializing in Native Hawaiian cultural practices.
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117	117	(c) The members of the working group may select a chairperson from amongst its membership.
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119	119	(d) In its deliberations, the Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall review:
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121	121	(1) The Te Awa Tupua (Whanganui River Claims Settlement) Act of 2017 enacted by the New Zealand Parliament;
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123	123	(2) Ordinances enacted in 2006 and 2007 in Tamaqua Borough, Pennsylvania, relating to banning corporate toxic waste;
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125	125	(3) The Wekiva River and Econlockhatchee River Bill of Rights passed by Orange County, Florida, voters in 2020;
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127	127	(4) The decision of the United States Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit, in Palila v. Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources;
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129	129	(5) Ordinances enacted in 2010 by the Pittsburgh City banning corporations from conducting natural gas drilling in the city and recognizing the legally enforceable rights of nature to exist and flourish; and
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131	131	(6) Recommendations from the Community Environmental Legal Defense Fund regarding the recognition and enforcement of the rights of nature.
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133	133	(e) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall submit an interim report to the legislature detailing the status of its discussions no later than twenty days prior to the convening of the regular session of 2022.
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135	135	(f) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall submit a final report to the legislature of its recommendations, including any proposed legislation, on the implementation of legal personhood for Mauna Kea no later than twenty days prior to the convening of the regular session of 2023.
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137	137	(g) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall not be subject to the requirements of chapter 92, Hawaii Revised Statutes.
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139	139	(h) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall serve without compensation.
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141	141	(i) The Mauna Kea legal personhood working group shall serve until it has accomplished the purposes of this Act or twenty days prior to the convening of the regular session of 2023, whichever occurs first.
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143	143	SECTION 6. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored.
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145	145	SECTION 7. This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
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149	149	INTRODUCED BY: _____________________________
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151	151	INTRODUCED BY:
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153	153	_____________________________
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159	159	Report Title: Mauna Kea; Legal Personhood; Rights of Nature; Working Group Description: Establishes legal personhood for Mauna Kea. Requires the board of land and natural resources and board of regents of the University of Hawaii to provide certain information prior to approving any use, activity, lease, license, permit, or easement on Mauna Kea. Establishes the Mauna Kea legal personhood working group to review measures enacted by various jurisdictions to protect the rights of nature. The summary description of legislation appearing on this page is for informational purposes only and is not legislation or evidence of legislative intent.
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165	165	Report Title:
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167	167	Mauna Kea; Legal Personhood; Rights of Nature; Working Group
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171	171	Description:
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173	173	Establishes legal personhood for Mauna Kea. Requires the board of land and natural resources and board of regents of the University of Hawaii to provide certain information prior to approving any use, activity, lease, license, permit, or easement on Mauna Kea. Establishes the Mauna Kea legal personhood working group to review measures enacted by various jurisdictions to protect the rights of nature.
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181	181	The summary description of legislation appearing on this page is for informational purposes only and is not legislation or evidence of legislative intent.