| 47 | | - | SECTION 1. The legislature finds that House Concurrent Resolution No. 85, H.D. 2, S.D. 1 (2016), requested the convening of a task force to make recommendations to the legislature on ways to improve Hawaii's correctional system. The final report of the House Concurrent Resolution 85 Task Force on Prison Reform was submitted to the legislature in December 2018. According to the 2018 report, the State's correctional system is not producing acceptable, cost-effective, or sustainable outcomes and needs immediate and profound change. Prison populations have risen noticeably since the 1980s, with Hawaii experiencing an eight hundred and seventy per cent increase in prison populations between 1980 and 2018. This increase has had a disproportionate impact on native Hawaiians, with the task force finding that native Hawaiians make up thirty-seven per cent of the prison population but only twenty-one per cent of the overall population in the State. Additionally, prisons are failing to correct unwanted behavior, leading to higher rates of recidivism. The legislature further finds that the 2019 Recidivism Update to the 2002 Hawaii Recidivism Baseline Study shows that nearly fifty-four per cent of criminals in Hawaii are repeat offenders. The State correctional system's high rate of recidivism, and the corresponding overall increase in prison populations since the 1980s, produces a serious financial burden on local communities. A 2020 study evaluating the corrections system in Hawaii estimates that it costs the State approximately $72,000 to incarcerate an inmate for one year. By lowering recidivism rates, the State could save significant amounts of money that it could invest into other programs, such as education, infrastructure, or social services. The legislature further finds that offering extensive and high-quality educational and vocational programs to inmates is effective in reducing rates of recidivism and the overall cost of the correctional system. A 2014 study conducted by the RAND corporation shows that inmates who participate in education while in prison are thirteen per cent less likely to recidivate compared to inmates who do not participate in education while incarcerated. The same study also found that participation in education while incarcerated increases the likelihood of post-incarceration employment by thirteen per cent. Moreover, the 2014 RAND study estimates that every $1 invested in prison education yields a reduction in incarceration costs of between $4 and $5 during the first three years of post-release. The legislature further finds that inmate participation in mentorship reentry programs translates to higher rates of employment and lower rates of recidivism. According to a Public/Private Ventures study, inmates who participated in mentorship programs were more than twice as likely to find a job after release than inmates who did not. The same study found that one year after release, participants who were mentored were thirty-five per cent less likely to recidivate than inmates who were not mentored. The purpose of this Act is to: (1) Encourage inmates to participate in correctional educational programs and vocational training by offering subsidized tuition, housing, and health care benefits to qualifying inmates; (2) Increase the quality and quantity of correctional mentorship, counseling, educational, and vocational training programs available to interested inmates; and (3) Appropriate funds to expand model programs to include more quality educational and vocational programs and to fund rewards for inmates who participate in correctional education programs while incarcerated. SECTION 2. Section 353H-4, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows: "[[]§353H-4[]] Model programs; department of public safety. Subject to funding by the legislature, the department of public safety shall enhance the State's comprehensive offender reentry system by developing model programs designed to reduce recidivism and promote successful reentry into the community. Components of the model programs shall include but are not limited to: (1) Highly skilled staff who are experienced in working with offender reentry programs; (2) Individualized case management and a full continuum of care to ensure successful reentry; (3) Life skills development workshops, including budgeting, money management, nutrition, and exercise; development of self-determination through education; employment training; special education for the learning disabled; social, cognitive, communication, and life skills training; and appropriate treatment programs, including substance abuse and mental health treatment; (4) Parenting and relationship building classes. The department shall institute policies that support family cohesion and family participation in offenders' transition to the community, and, where possible, provide geographical proximity of offenders to their children and families; [and] (5) Ongoing attention to building support for offenders from communities, community agencies, and organizations[.]; (6) Programs that compel inmates without a high school diploma or equivalency certificate to obtain a high school equivalency certificate while incarcerated by matching inmates with an advisor, mentor, or guidance counselor to support the inmates' understanding of incarceration's impact on family, emotions, society, and the self; (7) Tuition assistance for credits for an inmate who completes a general educational development preparation course, high school equivalency test preparation course, or earns a high school equivalency certificate while incarcerated to attend the University of Hawaii or a community college of the University of Hawaii after the inmate's release; (8) Programs that encourage eligible inmates to attend community college or university by teaching inmates the benefits of a college education; (9) Programs that work with local educational institutions and organizations to secure grants, scholarships, and financial aid for inmates interested in obtaining a bachelor's or associate's degree; (10) Introductory college courses and programs in useful, relevant, and applicable fields for eligible inmates, taught by qualified volunteers and retired professors; (11) Tuition assistance for credits for an inmate who pursues or completes an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated to attend the University of Hawaii or a community college at the University of Hawaii after the inmate's release; (12) Health insurance benefits and monthly rent supplement payments of $ for months after release for any inmate who completes an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; (13) Health insurance benefits and rent supplement payments of $ for months after release for any inmate who completes half or more of the required credits to earn an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; provided that the inmate does not earn the associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; (14) Health insurance benefits and rent supplement payments of $ for months after release for any inmate who completes a quarter or more of the required credits to earn an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; provided that the inmate does not complete half or more of the credits required to earn the associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; (15) Programs that shift the focus of career training programs to relevant and useful opportunities, highlight job prospects and benefits that inmates can obtain after completion of specific career training programs, and teach inmates about the benefits of stable employment beyond incarceration and its benefits on themselves, family, and society; (16) Programs that work with non-profit organizations and the business community to secure job positions for inmates that have completed necessary career training programs and have the required qualifications; (17) Earn and learn programs. The department shall expand existing career training opportunities and work furlough programs to include earn and learn programs. For purposes of this paragraph, "earn and learn" programs means programs that allow eligible inmates to participate in supervised apprenticeships to allow inmates to work toward licensure while getting paid; and (18) Programs that compel inmates convicted of a felony to undergo emotional, academic, and behavioral mentoring or counseling by recommending that inmates be granted parole or early release upon completion of the program." SECTION 3. There is appropriated out of the general revenues of the State of Hawaii the sum of $ or so much thereof as may be necessary for fiscal year 2022-2023 for the department of public safety to expand existing model programs to provide more educational and vocational training opportunities for interested inmates and to provide subsidized housing, healthcare, and tuition rewards for qualifying inmates. The sum appropriated shall be expended by the department of public safety for the purposes of this Act. SECTION 4. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored. SECTION 5. This Act shall take effect on July 30, 2075. |
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| 47 | + | SECTION 1. The legislature finds that House Concurrent Resolution No. 85, H.D. 2, S.D. 1 (2016), requested the convening of a task force to make recommendations to the legislature on ways to improve Hawaii's correctional system. The final report of the House Concurrent Resolution 85 Task Force on Prison Reform was submitted to the legislature in December 2018. According to the 2018 report, the State's correctional system is not producing acceptable, cost-effective, or sustainable outcomes and needs immediate and profound change. Prison populations have risen noticeably since the 1980s, with Hawaii experiencing an eight hundred and seventy per cent increase in prison populations between 1980 and 2018. This increase has had a disproportionate impact on native Hawaiians, with the task force finding that native Hawaiians make up thirty-seven per cent of the prison population but only twenty-one per cent of the overall population in the State. Additionally, prisons are failing to correct unwanted behavior, leading to higher rates of recidivism. The legislature further finds that the 2019 Recidivism Update to the 2002 Hawaii Recidivism Baseline Study shows that nearly fifty-four per cent of criminals in Hawaii are repeat offenders. The State correctional system's high rate of recidivism, and the corresponding overall increase in prison populations since the 1980s, produces a serious financial burden on local communities. A 2020 study evaluating the corrections system in Hawaii estimates that it costs the State approximately $72,000 to incarcerate an inmate for one year. By lowering recidivism rates, the State could save significant amounts of money that it could invest into other programs, such as education, infrastructure, or social services. The legislature further finds that offering extensive and high-quality educational and vocational programs to inmates is effective in reducing rates of recidivism and the overall cost of the correctional system. A 2014 study conducted by the RAND corporation shows that inmates who participate in education while in prison are thirteen per cent less likely to recidivate compared to inmates who do not participate in education while incarcerated. The same study also found that participation in education while incarcerated increases the likelihood of post-incarceration employment by thirteen per cent. Moreover, the 2014 RAND study estimates that every $1 invested in prison education yields a reduction in incarceration costs of between $4 and $5 during the first three years of post-release. The legislature further finds that inmate participation in mentorship reentry programs translates to higher rates of employment and lower rates of recidivism. According to a Public/Private Ventures study, inmates who participated in mentorship programs were more than twice as likely to find a job after release than inmates who did not. The same study found that one year after release, participants who were mentored were thirty-five per cent less likely to recidivate than inmates who were not mentored. The purpose of this Act is to: (1) Encourage inmates to participate in correctional educational programs and vocational training by offering subsidized tuition, housing, and health care benefits to qualifying inmates; (2) Increase the quality and quantity of correctional mentorship, counseling, educational, and vocational training programs available to interested inmates; and (3) Appropriate funds to expand model programs to include more quality educational and vocational programs and to fund rewards for inmates who participate in correctional education programs while incarcerated. SECTION 2. Section 353H-4, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows: "[[]§353H-4[]] Model programs; department of public safety. Subject to funding by the legislature, the department of public safety shall enhance the State's comprehensive offender reentry system by developing model programs designed to reduce recidivism and promote successful reentry into the community. Components of the model programs shall include but are not limited to: (1) Highly skilled staff who are experienced in working with offender reentry programs; (2) Individualized case management and a full continuum of care to ensure successful reentry; (3) Life skills development workshops, including budgeting, money management, nutrition, and exercise; development of self-determination through education; employment training; special education for the learning disabled; social, cognitive, communication, and life skills training; and appropriate treatment programs, including substance abuse and mental health treatment; (4) Parenting and relationship building classes. The department shall institute policies that support family cohesion and family participation in offenders' transition to the community, and, where possible, provide geographical proximity of offenders to their children and families; [and] (5) Ongoing attention to building support for offenders from communities, community agencies, and organizations[.]; (6) Programs that compel inmates without a high school diploma or equivalency certificate to obtain a high school equivalency certificate while incarcerated by matching inmates with an advisor, mentor, or guidance counselor to support the inmates' understanding of incarceration's impact on family, emotions, society, and the self; (7) Tuition assistance for credits for an inmate who completes a general educational development preparation course, high school equivalency test preparation course, or earns a high school equivalency certificate while incarcerated to attend the University of Hawaii or a community college of the University of Hawaii after the inmate's release; (8) Programs that encourage eligible inmates to attend community college or university by teaching inmates the benefits of a college education; (9) Programs that work with local educational institutions and organizations to secure grants, scholarships, and financial aid for inmates interested in obtaining a bachelor's or associate's degree; (10) Introductory college courses and programs in useful, relevant, and applicable fields for eligible inmates, taught by qualified volunteers and retired professors; (11) Tuition assistance for credits for an inmate who pursues or completes an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated to attend the University of Hawaii or a community college at the University of Hawaii after the inmate's release; (12) Health insurance benefits and monthly rent supplement payments of $ for months after release for any inmate who completes an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; (13) Health insurance benefits and rent supplement payments of $ for months after release for any inmate who completes half or more of the required credits to earn an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; provided that the inmate does not earn the associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; (14) Health insurance benefits and rent supplement payments of $ for months after release for any inmate who completes a quarter or more of the required credits to earn an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; provided that the inmate does not complete half or more of the credits required to earn the associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; (15) Programs that shift the focus of career training programs to relevant and useful opportunities, highlight job prospects and benefits that inmates can obtain after completion of specific career training programs, and teach inmates about the benefits of stable employment beyond incarceration and its benefits on themselves, family, and society; (16) Programs that work with non-profit organizations and the business community to secure job positions for inmates that have completed necessary career training programs and have the required qualifications; (17) Earn and learn programs. The department shall expand existing career training opportunities and work furlough programs to include earn and learn programs. For purposes of this paragraph, "earn and learn" programs means programs that allow eligible inmates to participate in supervised apprenticeships to allow inmates to work toward licensure while getting paid; and (18) Programs that compel inmates convicted of a felony to undergo emotional, academic, and behavioral mentoring or counseling by recommending that inmates be granted parole or early release upon completion of the program." SECTION 3. There is appropriated out of the general revenues of the State of Hawaii the sum of $ or so much thereof as may be necessary for fiscal year 2022-2023 for the department of public safety to expand existing model programs to provide more educational and vocational training opportunities for interested inmates and to provide subsidized housing, healthcare, and tuition rewards for qualifying inmates. The sum appropriated shall be expended by the department of public safety for the purposes of this Act. SECTION 4. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored. SECTION 5. This Act shall take effect on July 1, 2022. INTRODUCED BY: _____________________________ |
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| 48 | 48 | | |
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| 49 | 49 | | SECTION 1. The legislature finds that House Concurrent Resolution No. 85, H.D. 2, S.D. 1 (2016), requested the convening of a task force to make recommendations to the legislature on ways to improve Hawaii's correctional system. The final report of the House Concurrent Resolution 85 Task Force on Prison Reform was submitted to the legislature in December 2018. According to the 2018 report, the State's correctional system is not producing acceptable, cost-effective, or sustainable outcomes and needs immediate and profound change. Prison populations have risen noticeably since the 1980s, with Hawaii experiencing an eight hundred and seventy per cent increase in prison populations between 1980 and 2018. This increase has had a disproportionate impact on native Hawaiians, with the task force finding that native Hawaiians make up thirty-seven per cent of the prison population but only twenty-one per cent of the overall population in the State. Additionally, prisons are failing to correct unwanted behavior, leading to higher rates of recidivism. |
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| 50 | 50 | | |
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| 51 | 51 | | The legislature further finds that the 2019 Recidivism Update to the 2002 Hawaii Recidivism Baseline Study shows that nearly fifty-four per cent of criminals in Hawaii are repeat offenders. The State correctional system's high rate of recidivism, and the corresponding overall increase in prison populations since the 1980s, produces a serious financial burden on local communities. A 2020 study evaluating the corrections system in Hawaii estimates that it costs the State approximately $72,000 to incarcerate an inmate for one year. By lowering recidivism rates, the State could save significant amounts of money that it could invest into other programs, such as education, infrastructure, or social services. |
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| 52 | 52 | | |
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| 53 | 53 | | The legislature further finds that offering extensive and high-quality educational and vocational programs to inmates is effective in reducing rates of recidivism and the overall cost of the correctional system. A 2014 study conducted by the RAND corporation shows that inmates who participate in education while in prison are thirteen per cent less likely to recidivate compared to inmates who do not participate in education while incarcerated. The same study also found that participation in education while incarcerated increases the likelihood of post-incarceration employment by thirteen per cent. Moreover, the 2014 RAND study estimates that every $1 invested in prison education yields a reduction in incarceration costs of between $4 and $5 during the first three years of post-release. |
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| 54 | 54 | | |
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| 55 | 55 | | The legislature further finds that inmate participation in mentorship reentry programs translates to higher rates of employment and lower rates of recidivism. According to a Public/Private Ventures study, inmates who participated in mentorship programs were more than twice as likely to find a job after release than inmates who did not. The same study found that one year after release, participants who were mentored were thirty-five per cent less likely to recidivate than inmates who were not mentored. |
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| 56 | 56 | | |
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| 57 | 57 | | The purpose of this Act is to: |
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| 58 | 58 | | |
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| 59 | 59 | | (1) Encourage inmates to participate in correctional educational programs and vocational training by offering subsidized tuition, housing, and health care benefits to qualifying inmates; |
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| 60 | 60 | | |
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| 61 | 61 | | (2) Increase the quality and quantity of correctional mentorship, counseling, educational, and vocational training programs available to interested inmates; and |
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| 62 | 62 | | |
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| 63 | 63 | | (3) Appropriate funds to expand model programs to include more quality educational and vocational programs and to fund rewards for inmates who participate in correctional education programs while incarcerated. |
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| 64 | 64 | | |
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| 65 | 65 | | SECTION 2. Section 353H-4, Hawaii Revised Statutes, is amended to read as follows: |
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| 66 | 66 | | |
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| 67 | 67 | | "[[]§353H-4[]] Model programs; department of public safety. Subject to funding by the legislature, the department of public safety shall enhance the State's comprehensive offender reentry system by developing model programs designed to reduce recidivism and promote successful reentry into the community. Components of the model programs shall include but are not limited to: |
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| 68 | 68 | | |
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| 69 | 69 | | (1) Highly skilled staff who are experienced in working with offender reentry programs; |
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| 70 | 70 | | |
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| 71 | 71 | | (2) Individualized case management and a full continuum of care to ensure successful reentry; |
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| 72 | 72 | | |
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| 73 | 73 | | (3) Life skills development workshops, including budgeting, money management, nutrition, and exercise; development of self-determination through education; employment training; special education for the learning disabled; social, cognitive, communication, and life skills training; and appropriate treatment programs, including substance abuse and mental health treatment; |
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| 74 | 74 | | |
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| 75 | 75 | | (4) Parenting and relationship building classes. The department shall institute policies that support family cohesion and family participation in offenders' transition to the community, and, where possible, provide geographical proximity of offenders to their children and families; [and] |
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| 76 | 76 | | |
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| 77 | 77 | | (5) Ongoing attention to building support for offenders from communities, community agencies, and organizations[.]; |
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| 78 | 78 | | |
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| 79 | 79 | | (6) Programs that compel inmates without a high school diploma or equivalency certificate to obtain a high school equivalency certificate while incarcerated by matching inmates with an advisor, mentor, or guidance counselor to support the inmates' understanding of incarceration's impact on family, emotions, society, and the self; |
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| 80 | 80 | | |
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| 81 | 81 | | (7) Tuition assistance for credits for an inmate who completes a general educational development preparation course, high school equivalency test preparation course, or earns a high school equivalency certificate while incarcerated to attend the University of Hawaii or a community college of the University of Hawaii after the inmate's release; |
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| 82 | 82 | | |
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| 83 | 83 | | (8) Programs that encourage eligible inmates to attend community college or university by teaching inmates the benefits of a college education; |
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| 84 | 84 | | |
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| 85 | 85 | | (9) Programs that work with local educational institutions and organizations to secure grants, scholarships, and financial aid for inmates interested in obtaining a bachelor's or associate's degree; |
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| 86 | 86 | | |
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| 87 | 87 | | (10) Introductory college courses and programs in useful, relevant, and applicable fields for eligible inmates, taught by qualified volunteers and retired professors; |
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| 88 | 88 | | |
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| 89 | 89 | | (11) Tuition assistance for credits for an inmate who pursues or completes an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated to attend the University of Hawaii or a community college at the University of Hawaii after the inmate's release; |
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| 90 | 90 | | |
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| 91 | 91 | | (12) Health insurance benefits and monthly rent supplement payments of $ for months after release for any inmate who completes an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; |
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| 92 | 92 | | |
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| 93 | 93 | | (13) Health insurance benefits and rent supplement payments of $ for months after release for any inmate who completes half or more of the required credits to earn an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; provided that the inmate does not earn the associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; |
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| 94 | 94 | | |
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| 95 | 95 | | (14) Health insurance benefits and rent supplement payments of $ for months after release for any inmate who completes a quarter or more of the required credits to earn an associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; provided that the inmate does not complete half or more of the credits required to earn the associate's or bachelor's degree while incarcerated; |
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| 96 | 96 | | |
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| 97 | 97 | | (15) Programs that shift the focus of career training programs to relevant and useful opportunities, highlight job prospects and benefits that inmates can obtain after completion of specific career training programs, and teach inmates about the benefits of stable employment beyond incarceration and its benefits on themselves, family, and society; |
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| 98 | 98 | | |
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| 99 | 99 | | (16) Programs that work with non-profit organizations and the business community to secure job positions for inmates that have completed necessary career training programs and have the required qualifications; |
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| 100 | 100 | | |
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| 101 | 101 | | (17) Earn and learn programs. The department shall expand existing career training opportunities and work furlough programs to include earn and learn programs. For purposes of this paragraph, "earn and learn" programs means programs that allow eligible inmates to participate in supervised apprenticeships to allow inmates to work toward licensure while getting paid; and |
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| 102 | 102 | | |
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| 103 | 103 | | (18) Programs that compel inmates convicted of a felony to undergo emotional, academic, and behavioral mentoring or counseling by recommending that inmates be granted parole or early release upon completion of the program." |
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| 104 | 104 | | |
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| 105 | 105 | | SECTION 3. There is appropriated out of the general revenues of the State of Hawaii the sum of $ or so much thereof as may be necessary for fiscal year 2022-2023 for the department of public safety to expand existing model programs to provide more educational and vocational training opportunities for interested inmates and to provide subsidized housing, healthcare, and tuition rewards for qualifying inmates. |
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| 106 | 106 | | |
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| 107 | 107 | | The sum appropriated shall be expended by the department of public safety for the purposes of this Act. |
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| 108 | 108 | | |
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| 109 | 109 | | SECTION 4. Statutory material to be repealed is bracketed and stricken. New statutory material is underscored. |
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| 110 | 110 | | |
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