| 47 | | - | SECTION 1. (a) The legislative reference bureau shall conduct a study and report on the forty-one states in the country that have enacted laws limiting the sale of property to foreign individuals or entities, and how those laws and related constitutional precedents could inform demand-side regulations for the real estate market in Hawaii in favor of resident ownership, specifically owner-occupied resident ownership. (b) To the extent feasible, the study shall include: (1) Descriptive information detailing the laws limiting the sale of property to foreign individuals or entities and the related constitutional precedents of each jurisdiction; (2) Identified strengths and weaknesses of each particular legislative approach; and (3) Recommendations on whether the laws enacted by other jurisdictions could be adapted for Hawaii, to favor owner-occupied resident ownership of real property in Hawaii or interests therein. (c) The legislative reference bureau shall submit its report to the legislature, including any proposed legislation, no later than twenty days prior to the convening of the regular session of 2025. SECTION 2. In accordance with section 9 of article VII of the Hawaii State Constitution and sections 37-91 and 37-93, Hawaii Revised Statutes, the legislature has determined that the appropriations contained in Act 164, Regular Session of 2023, and this Act will cause the state general fund expenditure ceiling for fiscal year 2024-2025 to be exceeded by $ or per cent. This current declaration takes into account general fund appropriations authorized for fiscal year 2024-2025 in Act 164, Regular Session of 2023, and this Act only. The reasons for exceeding the general fund expenditure ceiling are that: (1) The appropriation made in this Act is necessary to serve the public interest; and (2) The appropriation made in this Act meets the needs addressed by this Act. SECTION 3. There is appropriated out of the general revenues of the State of Hawaii the sum of $ or so much thereof as may be necessary for fiscal year 2024-2025 for the legislative reference bureau to conduct a study of the approaches used by other states to limit the sale of property to foreign individuals or entities. The sum appropriated shall be expended by the legislative reference bureau for the purposes of this Act. SECTION 4. This Act shall take effect on July 1, 2040. |
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| 47 | + | SECTION 1. The Hawaii Revised Statutes is amended by adding a new chapter to title 28 to be appropriately designated and to read as follows: "Chapter PURCHASE OF REAL PROPERTY BY FOREIGN PRINCIPALS § -1 Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires: "Department" means the department of the attorney general. "Foreign principal" means: (1) The government or any official of the government of a foreign country; (2) A political party or member of a political party or any subdivision of a political party in a foreign country; (3) A partnership, association, corporation, organization, or other combination of persons organized under the laws of or having its principal place of business in a foreign country, or a subsidiary of that entity; (4) Any person who is domiciled in a foreign country and is not a citizen or lawful permanent resident of the United States; or (5) Any person, entity, or collection of persons or entities, described in paragraphs (1) through (4) having a controlling interest in a partnership, association, corporation, organization, trust, or any other legal entity or subsidiary formed for the purpose of owning real property in the State. "Real property" means lands, structures, and interests therein and natural resources including water, minerals, and all things connected with land, including lands under water and riparian rights, space rights, air rights, and any and all other things and rights usually included within the term. § -2 Purchase of real property by foreign principals prohibited. (a) A foreign principal shall not directly or indirectly own, have a controlling interest in, or acquire by purchase, grant, devise, or descent real property or any interest, except a de minimus indirect interest, in real property in the State. A foreign principal has a de minimus indirect interest if the ownership is the result of the foreign principal's ownership of registered equities in a publicly traded company owning the real property and if the foreign principal's ownership interest in the company is either: (1) Less than five per cent of any class of registered equities or less than five per cent in the aggregate in multiple classes of registered equities; or (2) A noncontrolling interest in any entity controlled by a company that is both registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 140 (15 U.S.C. 80b-1 et seq.), as amended, and is not a foreign entity. (b) Notwithstanding subsection (a), a foreign principal that directly or indirectly owns or acquires real property or an interest in real property in the State before July 1, 2024, may continue to own or hold the real property or interest, but shall not purchase or otherwise acquire by grant, devise, or descent any additional real property or interest in real property in the State unless the foreign principal divests the real property or interest as provided in section -4. § -3 Ownership of real property by foreign principals; registration required. (a) A foreign principal that directly or indirectly owns or acquires real property or any interest, other than a de minimus indirect interest, in real property in the State before July 1, 2024, shall register the ownership with the department by January 1, 2025, on a form prescribed by the department. The form shall include, at a minimum: (1) The name of the owner of the real property or the owner of the interest in the real property; (2) The address of the real property, the real property's tax map key number, and the real property's legal description; and (3) The number of acres of the real property. (b) A foreign principal that fails to timely file a registration with the department shall be subject to a civil penalty of $1,000 for each day that the registration is late. The department may place a lien against the unregistered real property for the unpaid balance of any penalties assessed under this subsection. § -4 Acquisition of real property by a foreign principal after July 1, 2024; divestment required. Notwithstanding section -2, a foreign principal may acquire real property on or after July 1, 2024, by devise or descent, through the enforcement of security interests, or through the collection of debts; provided that the foreign principal shall sell, transfer, or otherwise divest itself of the real property within three years of acquiring the real property. § -5 Purchase of real property; affidavit required. (a) At the time of purchase, a buyer of real property or an interest in real property shall provide an affidavit signed under penalty of perjury attesting that the buyer is: (1) Not a foreign principal; and (2) In compliance with the requirements of this chapter. (b) The failure to obtain or maintain the affidavit under subsection (a) shall not: (1) Affect the title or insurability of the title for the real property; or (2) Subject the closing agent to civil or criminal liability, unless the closing agent has actual knowledge that the transaction will result in a violation of this chapter. (c) The real estate commission shall adopt rules to implement this section, including rules to establish the form for the affidavit. § -6 Forfeiture. (a) Real property or an interest in real property that is owned or acquired in violation of this chapter may be forfeited to the State. (b) The department may initiate a civil action in the circuit court in the county in which the real property is located for the forfeiture of the real property or any interest therein. An action under this section shall be preferred over all other civil causes, except election cases, without respect to position on the calendar. (c) Upon filing the action, the clerk of the court shall record a lis pendens concerning the real property with the bureau of conveyances. (d) The defendant may at any time petition to modify or discharge the lis pendens based upon a finding that there is no probable cause to believe that the real property, or any portion thereof, is owned or held in violation of this chapter. (e) If the court finds that the real property, or any portion thereof, is owned or held in violation of this chapter, the court shall enter a final judgment of forfeiture vesting title to the real property in the State, subject only to the rights and interests of bona fide lienholders. The final judgment shall be retroactive to the date the lis pendens was filed. (f) The department may sell the real property subject to a final judgment of forfeiture. The proceeds from the sale, if any, shall be paid in the following priority: (1) To any lienholders of the real property; (2) To the department to pay any outstanding fines assessed pursuant to this chapter; (3) To the department to reimburse the department for all costs related to the forfeiture civil action and any costs related to the sale of the real property; and (4) To the real property owner. (g) At any time during the forfeiture proceeding, the department may seek an ex parte order of seizure of the real property upon a showing that the defendant's control of the real property constitutes a clear and present danger to the State. § -7 Inapplicability to real property for diplomatic purposes. This chapter shall not apply to a foreign principal that acquires real property for a diplomatic purpose that is recognized, acknowledged, or allowed by the federal government. § -8 Criminal penalties. (a) A foreign principal that purchases or acquires real property or any interest therein in violation of this chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. (b) A person who knowingly sells real property or any interest in real property in violation of this chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. § -9 Rules. The department may adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91 necessary to effectuate the purposes of this chapter." SECTION 2. In accordance with section 9 of article VII, of the Constitution of the State of Hawaii and sections 37-91 and 37-93, Hawaii Revised Statutes, the legislature has determined that the appropriation contained in this Act will cause the state general fund expenditure ceiling for fiscal year 2024-2025 to be exceeded by $ , or per cent. The reasons for exceeding the general fund expenditure ceiling are that the appropriation made in this Act is necessary to serve the public interest and to meet the needs provided for by this Act. SECTION 3. There is appropriated out of the general revenues of the State of Hawaii the sum of $ or so much thereof as may be necessary for fiscal year 2024-2025 for the department of the attorney general to administer its duties under section 1 of this Act. The sum appropriated shall be expended by the department of the attorney general for the purposes of this Act. SECTION 4. This Act does not affect rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before its effective date. SECTION 5. This Act shall take effect on July 1, 2024. INTRODUCED BY: _____________________________ |
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| 73 | | - | Report Title: LRB; Foreign Individuals or Entities; Purchase of Real Property; Prohibition; Study; Report; Expenditure Ceiling; Appropriation Description: Requires the Legislative Reference Bureau to conduct a study and report on the forty-one states in the country that have enacted laws limiting the sale of real property to foreign individuals or entities, and how those laws and related constitutional precedents could inform demand-side regulations for the real estate market in Hawaii in favor of resident ownership, specifically owner-occupied resident ownership. Makes an appropriation. Declares that the general fund expenditure ceiling is exceeded. Takes effect 7/1/2040. (SD1) The summary description of legislation appearing on this page is for informational purposes only and is not legislation or evidence of legislative intent. |
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| 73 | + | "Real property" means lands, structures, and interests therein and natural resources including water, minerals, and all things connected with land, including lands under water and riparian rights, space rights, air rights, and any and all other things and rights usually included within the term. |
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| 74 | + | |
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| 75 | + | § -2 Purchase of real property by foreign principals prohibited. (a) A foreign principal shall not directly or indirectly own, have a controlling interest in, or acquire by purchase, grant, devise, or descent real property or any interest, except a de minimus indirect interest, in real property in the State. A foreign principal has a de minimus indirect interest if the ownership is the result of the foreign principal's ownership of registered equities in a publicly traded company owning the real property and if the foreign principal's ownership interest in the company is either: |
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| 76 | + | |
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| 77 | + | (1) Less than five per cent of any class of registered equities or less than five per cent in the aggregate in multiple classes of registered equities; or |
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| 78 | + | |
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| 79 | + | (2) A noncontrolling interest in any entity controlled by a company that is both registered with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 140 (15 U.S.C. 80b-1 et seq.), as amended, and is not a foreign entity. |
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| 80 | + | |
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| 81 | + | (b) Notwithstanding subsection (a), a foreign principal that directly or indirectly owns or acquires real property or an interest in real property in the State before July 1, 2024, may continue to own or hold the real property or interest, but shall not purchase or otherwise acquire by grant, devise, or descent any additional real property or interest in real property in the State unless the foreign principal divests the real property or interest as provided in section -4. |
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| 82 | + | |
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| 83 | + | § -3 Ownership of real property by foreign principals; registration required. (a) A foreign principal that directly or indirectly owns or acquires real property or any interest, other than a de minimus indirect interest, in real property in the State before July 1, 2024, shall register the ownership with the department by January 1, 2025, on a form prescribed by the department. The form shall include, at a minimum: |
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| 84 | + | |
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| 85 | + | (1) The name of the owner of the real property or the owner of the interest in the real property; |
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| 86 | + | |
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| 87 | + | (2) The address of the real property, the real property's tax map key number, and the real property's legal description; and |
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| 88 | + | |
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| 89 | + | (3) The number of acres of the real property. |
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| 90 | + | |
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| 91 | + | (b) A foreign principal that fails to timely file a registration with the department shall be subject to a civil penalty of $1,000 for each day that the registration is late. The department may place a lien against the unregistered real property for the unpaid balance of any penalties assessed under this subsection. |
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| 92 | + | |
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| 93 | + | § -4 Acquisition of real property by a foreign principal after July 1, 2024; divestment required. Notwithstanding section -2, a foreign principal may acquire real property on or after July 1, 2024, by devise or descent, through the enforcement of security interests, or through the collection of debts; provided that the foreign principal shall sell, transfer, or otherwise divest itself of the real property within three years of acquiring the real property. |
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| 94 | + | |
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| 95 | + | § -5 Purchase of real property; affidavit required. (a) At the time of purchase, a buyer of real property or an interest in real property shall provide an affidavit signed under penalty of perjury attesting that the buyer is: |
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| 96 | + | |
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| 97 | + | (1) Not a foreign principal; and |
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| 98 | + | |
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| 99 | + | (2) In compliance with the requirements of this chapter. |
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| 100 | + | |
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| 101 | + | (b) The failure to obtain or maintain the affidavit under subsection (a) shall not: |
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| 102 | + | |
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| 103 | + | (1) Affect the title or insurability of the title for the real property; or |
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| 104 | + | |
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| 105 | + | (2) Subject the closing agent to civil or criminal liability, unless the closing agent has actual knowledge that the transaction will result in a violation of this chapter. |
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| 106 | + | |
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| 107 | + | (c) The real estate commission shall adopt rules to implement this section, including rules to establish the form for the affidavit. |
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| 108 | + | |
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| 109 | + | § -6 Forfeiture. (a) Real property or an interest in real property that is owned or acquired in violation of this chapter may be forfeited to the State. |
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| 110 | + | |
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| 111 | + | (b) The department may initiate a civil action in the circuit court in the county in which the real property is located for the forfeiture of the real property or any interest therein. An action under this section shall be preferred over all other civil causes, except election cases, without respect to position on the calendar. |
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| 112 | + | |
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| 113 | + | (c) Upon filing the action, the clerk of the court shall record a lis pendens concerning the real property with the bureau of conveyances. |
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| 114 | + | |
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| 115 | + | (d) The defendant may at any time petition to modify or discharge the lis pendens based upon a finding that there is no probable cause to believe that the real property, or any portion thereof, is owned or held in violation of this chapter. |
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| 116 | + | |
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| 117 | + | (e) If the court finds that the real property, or any portion thereof, is owned or held in violation of this chapter, the court shall enter a final judgment of forfeiture vesting title to the real property in the State, subject only to the rights and interests of bona fide lienholders. The final judgment shall be retroactive to the date the lis pendens was filed. |
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| 118 | + | |
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| 119 | + | (f) The department may sell the real property subject to a final judgment of forfeiture. The proceeds from the sale, if any, shall be paid in the following priority: |
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| 120 | + | |
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| 121 | + | (1) To any lienholders of the real property; |
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| 122 | + | |
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| 123 | + | (2) To the department to pay any outstanding fines assessed pursuant to this chapter; |
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| 124 | + | |
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| 125 | + | (3) To the department to reimburse the department for all costs related to the forfeiture civil action and any costs related to the sale of the real property; and |
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| 126 | + | |
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| 127 | + | (4) To the real property owner. |
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| 128 | + | |
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| 129 | + | (g) At any time during the forfeiture proceeding, the department may seek an ex parte order of seizure of the real property upon a showing that the defendant's control of the real property constitutes a clear and present danger to the State. |
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| 130 | + | |
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| 131 | + | § -7 Inapplicability to real property for diplomatic purposes. This chapter shall not apply to a foreign principal that acquires real property for a diplomatic purpose that is recognized, acknowledged, or allowed by the federal government. |
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| 132 | + | |
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| 133 | + | § -8 Criminal penalties. (a) A foreign principal that purchases or acquires real property or any interest therein in violation of this chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. |
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| 134 | + | |
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| 135 | + | (b) A person who knowingly sells real property or any interest in real property in violation of this chapter shall be guilty of a misdemeanor. |
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| 136 | + | |
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| 137 | + | § -9 Rules. The department may adopt rules pursuant to chapter 91 necessary to effectuate the purposes of this chapter." |
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| 138 | + | |
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| 139 | + | SECTION 2. In accordance with section 9 of article VII, of the Constitution of the State of Hawaii and sections 37-91 and 37-93, Hawaii Revised Statutes, the legislature has determined that the appropriation contained in this Act will cause the state general fund expenditure ceiling for fiscal year 2024-2025 to be exceeded by $ , or per cent. The reasons for exceeding the general fund expenditure ceiling are that the appropriation made in this Act is necessary to serve the public interest and to meet the needs provided for by this Act. |
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| 140 | + | |
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| 141 | + | SECTION 3. There is appropriated out of the general revenues of the State of Hawaii the sum of $ or so much thereof as may be necessary for fiscal year 2024-2025 for the department of the attorney general to administer its duties under section 1 of this Act. |
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| 142 | + | |
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| 143 | + | The sum appropriated shall be expended by the department of the attorney general for the purposes of this Act. |
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| 144 | + | |
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| 145 | + | SECTION 4. This Act does not affect rights and duties that matured, penalties that were incurred, and proceedings that were begun before its effective date. |
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| 146 | + | |
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| 147 | + | SECTION 5. This Act shall take effect on July 1, 2024. |
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| 148 | + | |
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| 149 | + | |
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| 150 | + | |
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| 151 | + | INTRODUCED BY: _____________________________ |
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| 152 | + | |
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| 153 | + | INTRODUCED BY: |
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| 154 | + | |
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| 155 | + | _____________________________ |
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| 156 | + | |
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| 157 | + | |
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| 158 | + | |
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| 159 | + | |
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| 160 | + | |
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| 161 | + | Report Title: AG; Foreign Ownership; Purchase of Real Property; Prohibition; Registration; Forfeiture; Penalties; General Fund Expenditure Ceiling Exceeded; Appropriation Description: Prohibits foreign principals from acquiring real property in the State or any interest in real property in the State, except a de minimus indirect interest. Defines foreign principal. Requires a foreign principal that owns real property that was acquired before this measure's effective date to register the ownership with the Attorney General. Requires a buyer of real property to provide a signed affidavit attesting that the buyer is not a foreign principal. Authorizes the forfeiture of real property or an interest in real property that is owned or acquired unlawfully. Establishes penalties. Declares that the appropriation exceeds the state general fund expenditure ceiling for 2024-2025. Appropriates moneys. The summary description of legislation appearing on this page is for informational purposes only and is not legislation or evidence of legislative intent. |
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