Hawaii 2025 Regular Session

Hawaii Senate Bill SCR99 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

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1	1	THE SENATE S.C.R. NO. 99 THIRTY-THIRD LEGISLATURE, 2025 STATE OF HAWAII SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION ratifying a proposed amendment to the constitution of the united states giving the congress of the united states power to limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons under eighteen years of age.
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3	3	THE SENATE S.C.R. NO. 99
4	4	THIRTY-THIRD LEGISLATURE, 2025
5	5	STATE OF HAWAII
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7	7	THE SENATE
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9	9	S.C.R. NO.
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11	11	99
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13	13	THIRTY-THIRD LEGISLATURE, 2025
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17	17	STATE OF HAWAII
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29	29	SENATE CONCURRENT
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31	31	RESOLUTION
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37	37	ratifying a proposed amendment to the constitution of the united states giving the congress of the united states power to limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons under eighteen years of age.
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43	43	WHEREAS, unregulated child labor has a detrimental effect on health and welfare of children; and WHEREAS, the 1900 census revealed that approximately two million children were working in mills, mines, fields, factories, stores, and on city streets across the United States, which influenced a national movement to end child labor in the United States; and WHEREAS, in 1916, the Congress of the United States (Congress) passed its first child labor bill, the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916, which attempted to regulate child labor by prohibiting the interstate shipment of goods produced by any factory, shop, or cannery that employed children under the age of fourteen; any mine that employed children under the age of sixteen; and any facility where children under the age of sixteen worked at night or for more than eight hours during the day; and WHEREAS, Congress cited to the federal government's ability to regulate interstate commerce as its authority to pass the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act; however, the United States Supreme Court in Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918), distinguished between the Congress's power to regulate commerce and the states' power to regulate production, and ruled that the law was unconstitutional because it overstepped the federal government's powers to regulate interstate commerce; and WHEREAS, in 1918, Congress passed a second child labor bill as part of the Revenue Act of 1919, also called Child Labor Tax Law, which took an indirect route to regulate child labor by using the government's power to levy taxes; and WHEREAS, the Child Labor Tax Law was also found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court in Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co., 259 U.S. 20 (1922), which reasoned that the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce does not extend to curbing the power of the states to regulate local trade; and WHEREAS, despite the nation's apparent desire for federal laws against child labor, the rulings by the United States Supreme Court left little room for federal legislation; and therefore, Congress proposed a constitutional amendment through a joint resolution to give itself the power to regulate labor of persons under eighteen years of age; and WHEREAS, House Joint Resolution 184, approved by the Sixty-Eighth Congress, First Session (House Joint Resolution 184), reads as follows: JOINT RESOLUTION Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States. Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two‑thirds of each House concurring therein), that the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as a part of the Constitution: "ARTICLE --. "Section 1. The Congress shall have power to limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons under eighteen years of age. "Sec. 2. The power of the several States is unimpaired by this article except that the operation of State laws shall be suspended to the extent necessary to give effect to legislation enacted by the Congress."; and WHEREAS, House Joint Resolution 184 was submitted to the state legislatures for ratification; and WHEREAS, ratification of House Joint Resolution 184 stalled after 1925, due to an effective campaign to discredit it, including traditional states' rights arguments against increases in the power of the federal government and accusations that the amendment was a communist-inspired plot to subvert the Constitution of the United States; and WHEREAS, by 1937, when the most recent state ratified House Joint Resolution 184, only twenty-eight states had ratified it, which fell short of the three-fourths threshold required for a constitutional amendment; and WHEREAS, the proposal for the constitutional amendment is still outstanding since Congress did not set a time limit for its ratification, and ratification by ten more states is required to add the amendment to the Constitution of the United States; and WHEREAS, fifteen states have rejected and refused to subsequently ratify House Joint Resolution 184, and Hawaii is one of the seven states that have no record of taking action on the proposed constitutional amendment; and WHEREAS, federal regulation of child labor in the United States is now provided under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended; however, ratification of the constitutional amendment set forth in House Joint Resolution 184 would put Hawaii on the right side of history; now, therefore, BE IT RESOLVED by the Senate of the Thirty-third Legislature of the State of Hawaii, Regular Session of 2025, the House of Representatives concurring, that the Article proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States as set forth in United States House Joint Resolution 184, dated June 2, 1924, is hereby ratified by the Legislature of the State of Hawaii; and BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that certified copies of this Concurrent Resolution be transmitted to the Archivist of the United States, Majority Leader of the United States Senate, members of Hawaii's congressional delegation, and Director of Labor and Industrial Relations. OFFERED BY: _____________________________ Report Title: United States Constitution; Child Labor Amendment; Ratification
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45	45	WHEREAS, unregulated child labor has a detrimental effect on health and welfare of children; and
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49	49	WHEREAS, the 1900 census revealed that approximately two million children were working in mills, mines, fields, factories, stores, and on city streets across the United States, which influenced a national movement to end child labor in the United States; and
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53	53	WHEREAS, in 1916, the Congress of the United States (Congress) passed its first child labor bill, the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act of 1916, which attempted to regulate child labor by prohibiting the interstate shipment of goods produced by any factory, shop, or cannery that employed children under the age of fourteen; any mine that employed children under the age of sixteen; and any facility where children under the age of sixteen worked at night or for more than eight hours during the day; and
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57	57	WHEREAS, Congress cited to the federal government's ability to regulate interstate commerce as its authority to pass the Keating-Owen Child Labor Act; however, the United States Supreme Court in Hammer v. Dagenhart, 247 U.S. 251 (1918), distinguished between the Congress's power to regulate commerce and the states' power to regulate production, and ruled that the law was unconstitutional because it overstepped the federal government's powers to regulate interstate commerce; and
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61	61	WHEREAS, in 1918, Congress passed a second child labor bill as part of the Revenue Act of 1919, also called Child Labor Tax Law, which took an indirect route to regulate child labor by using the government's power to levy taxes; and
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65	65	WHEREAS, the Child Labor Tax Law was also found to be unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court in Bailey v. Drexel Furniture Co., 259 U.S. 20 (1922), which reasoned that the power of Congress to regulate interstate commerce does not extend to curbing the power of the states to regulate local trade; and
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69	69	WHEREAS, despite the nation's apparent desire for federal laws against child labor, the rulings by the United States Supreme Court left little room for federal legislation; and therefore, Congress proposed a constitutional amendment through a joint resolution to give itself the power to regulate labor of persons under eighteen years of age; and
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73	73	WHEREAS, House Joint Resolution 184, approved by the Sixty-Eighth Congress, First Session (House Joint Resolution 184), reads as follows:
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77	77	JOINT RESOLUTION
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81	81	Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States.
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85	85	Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two‑thirds of each House concurring therein), that the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as a part of the Constitution:
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89	89	"ARTICLE --.
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93	93	"Section 1. The Congress shall have power to limit, regulate, and prohibit the labor of persons under eighteen years of age.
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97	97	"Sec. 2. The power of the several States is unimpaired by this article except that the operation of State laws shall be suspended to the extent necessary to give effect to legislation enacted by the Congress."; and
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101	101	WHEREAS, House Joint Resolution 184 was submitted to the state legislatures for ratification; and
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105	105	WHEREAS, ratification of House Joint Resolution 184 stalled after 1925, due to an effective campaign to discredit it, including traditional states' rights arguments against increases in the power of the federal government and accusations that the amendment was a communist-inspired plot to subvert the Constitution of the United States; and
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109	109	WHEREAS, by 1937, when the most recent state ratified House Joint Resolution 184, only twenty-eight states had ratified it, which fell short of the three-fourths threshold required for a constitutional amendment; and
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113	113	WHEREAS, the proposal for the constitutional amendment is still outstanding since Congress did not set a time limit for its ratification, and ratification by ten more states is required to add the amendment to the Constitution of the United States; and
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117	117	WHEREAS, fifteen states have rejected and refused to subsequently ratify House Joint Resolution 184, and Hawaii is one of the seven states that have no record of taking action on the proposed constitutional amendment; and
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121	121	WHEREAS, federal regulation of child labor in the United States is now provided under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended; however, ratification of the constitutional amendment set forth in House Joint Resolution 184 would put Hawaii on the right side of history; now, therefore,
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125	125	BE IT RESOLVED by the Senate of the Thirty-third Legislature of the State of Hawaii, Regular Session of 2025, the House of Representatives concurring, that the Article proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States as set forth in United States House Joint Resolution 184, dated June 2, 1924, is hereby ratified by the Legislature of the State of Hawaii; and
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129	129	BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that certified copies of this Concurrent Resolution be transmitted to the Archivist of the United States, Majority Leader of the United States Senate, members of Hawaii's congressional delegation, and Director of Labor and Industrial Relations.
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137	137	OFFERED BY: _____________________________
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155	155	Report Title:
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157	157	United States Constitution; Child Labor Amendment; Ratification