KS
Kansas Senate Bill SB415

Kansas 2023-2024 Regular Session

Kansas Senate Bill SB415 Compare Versions

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11 Session of 2024
22 SENATE BILL No. 415
33 By Committee on Judiciary
44 1-29
55 AN ACT concerning crimes, punishment and criminal procedure; creating
66 the crime of organized retail crime and providing criminal penalties for
77 violation thereof; relating to theft; increasing penalties for theft of
88 certain property; relating to the Kansas racketeer influenced and corrupt
99 organization act; including organized retail crime in the definition of
1010 racketeering activity; relating to the attorney general; authorizing the
1111 attorney general to prosecute crimes that are part of an alleged course
1212 of criminal conduct that occurred in two or more counties; amending
1313 K.S.A. 21-5801 and 21-6328 and K.S.A. 2023 Supp. 75-702 and
1414 repealing the existing sections.
1515 Be it enacted by the Legislature of the State of Kansas:
1616 New Section 1. (a) Organized retail crime is any of the following acts
1717 done with intent to permanently deprive the owner of the possession, use
1818 or benefit of the owner's property or services:
1919 (1) Taking merchandise with an aggregate retail market value of
2020 $3,000 or more from one or more retailers within a 12-month period, with
2121 intent to provide, transfer or sell such merchandise to another person;
2222 (2) acting in concert with one or more other persons to receive,
2323 purchase, sell or possess merchandise with an aggregate retail market
2424 value of $3,000 or more within a 12-month period, knowing or believing
2525 such merchandise to have been stolen;
2626 (3) acting as an agent of one or more other persons to take
2727 merchandise with an aggregate retail market value of $3,000 or more from
2828 one or more retailers within a 12-month period, as part of an organized
2929 plan to commit theft; or
3030 (4) recruiting, coordinating, organizing, supervising, directing,
3131 managing or financing one or more other persons to undertake any of the
3232 acts described in paragraphs (1) through (3).
3333 (b) Organized retail crime is a severity level 5, nonperson felony.
3434 (c) In addition to the venue provided for under any other provision of
3535 law, a prosecution for organized retail crime may be brought in any county
3636 where at least $1 in aggregate retail market value of merchandise is taken,
3737 received, sold or purchased.
3838 (d) As used in this section:
3939 (1) "Aggregate retail market value" means the total combined value
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7676 of merchandise taken, at the price at which the merchandise would
7777 ordinarily be sold by the retailer through legitimate sale or distribution;
7878 (2) "merchandise" means chattels of any type or description
7979 regardless of the value offered for sale in or about a store;
8080 (3) "retailer" means a person or business selling, leasing or
8181 facilitating the sale or lease of merchandise to the public or a business; and
8282 (4) "store" means a place where merchandise is:
8383 (A) Sold or offered to the public for sale at retail; or
8484 (B) leased or offered to the public for lease.
8585 (e) This section shall be a part of and supplemental to the Kansas
8686 criminal code.
8787 Sec. 2. K.S.A. 21-5801 is hereby amended to read as follows: 21-
8888 5801. (a) Theft is any of the following acts done with intent to
8989 permanently deprive the owner of the possession, use or benefit of the
9090 owner's property or services:
9191 (1) Obtaining or exerting unauthorized control over property or
9292 services;
9393 (2) obtaining control over property or services, by deception;
9494 (3) obtaining control over property or services, by threat;
9595 (4) obtaining control over stolen property or services knowing the
9696 property or services to have been stolen by another; or
9797 (5) knowingly dispensing motor fuel into a storage container or the
9898 fuel tank of a motor vehicle at an establishment in which motor fuel is
9999 offered for retail sale and leaving the premises of the establishment
100100 without making payment for the motor fuel.
101101 (b) Theft of:
102102 (1) Property or services of the value of $100,000 or more is a severity
103103 level 5, nonperson felony;
104104 (2) property or services of the value of at least $25,000 but less than
105105 $100,000 is a severity level 7, nonperson felony;
106106 (3) property or services of the value of at least $1,500 but less than
107107 $25,000 is a severity level 9, nonperson felony, except as provided in
108108 subsection (b)(7) or (b)(9);
109109 (4) property or services of the value of less than $1,500 is a class A
110110 nonperson misdemeanor, except as provided in subsection (b)(5), (b)(6),
111111 (b)(7) or (b)(8);
112112 (5) property of the value of less than $1,500 from three separate
113113 mercantile establishments within a period of 72 hours as part of the same
114114 act or transaction or in two or more acts or transactions connected together
115115 or constituting parts of a common scheme or course of conduct is a
116116 severity level 9, nonperson felony;
117117 (6) property of the value of at least $50 but less than $1,500 is a
118118 severity level 9, nonperson felony if committed by a person who has,
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162162 within five years immediately preceding commission of the crime,
163163 excluding any period of imprisonment, been convicted of theft two or
164164 more times;
165165 (7) property that is a firearm of the value of less than $25,000 is a
166166 severity level 9, nonperson felony; and
167167 (8) property that is mail of the value of less than $1,500 from three
168168 separate locations within a period of 72 hours as part of the same act or
169169 transaction or in two or more acts or transactions connected together or
170170 constituting parts of a common scheme or course of conduct is a severity
171171 level 9, nonperson felony; and
172172 (9) property, by deception, that is refunds, money or merchandise
173173 from a retailer with an aggregate retail market value of $3,000 or more is
174174 a severity level 5, nonperson felony.
175175 (c) As used in this section:
176176 (1) "Aggregate retail market value," "merchandise" and "retailer"
177177 mean the same as defined in section 1, and amendments thereto;
178178 (2) "conviction" or "convicted" includes being convicted of a
179179 violation of K.S.A. 21-3701, prior to its repeal, this section or a municipal
180180 ordinance which that prohibits the acts that this section prohibits;
181181 (2)(3) "mail" means a letter, postal card, package or bag sent through
182182 the United States postal service or other delivery service, or any other
183183 article or thing contained therein;
184184 (3)(4) "regulated scrap metal" means the same as defined in K.S.A.
185185 2023 Supp. 50-6,109, and amendments thereto;
186186 (4)(5) "remote service unit" means the same as defined in K.S.A. 9-
187187 1111, and amendments thereto, and includes, but is not limited to,
188188 automated cash dispensing machines and automated teller machines; and
189189 (5)(6) "value" means the value of the property or, if the property is
190190 regulated scrap metal or a remote service unit, the cost to restore the site of
191191 the theft of such regulated scrap metal or remote service unit to its
192192 condition at the time immediately prior to the theft of such regulated scrap
193193 metal or remote service unit, whichever is greater.
194194 Sec. 3. K.S.A. 21-6328 is hereby amended to read as follows: 21-
195195 6328. As used in the Kansas racketeer influenced and corrupt organization
196196 act:
197197 (a) (1) "Beneficial interest" means the interest of a person:
198198 (A) As a beneficiary under any trust arrangement pursuant to which a
199199 trustee holds legal or record title to real property for the benefit of such
200200 person; or
201201 (B) under any other form of express fiduciary arrangement pursuant
202202 to which any other person holds legal or record title to real property for the
203203 benefit of such person.
204204 (2) The term "beneficial interest" does not include the interest of a
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248248 stock holder in a corporation or the interest of a partner in either a general
249249 partnership or a limited partnership. A beneficial interest shall be deemed
250250 to be located where the real property owned by the trustee is located.
251251 (b) "Covered person" means any person who:
252252 (1) Is a criminal street gang member or criminal street gang associate,
253253 as defined in K.S.A. 21-6313, and amendments thereto;
254254 (2) has engaged in or is engaging in any conduct prohibited by K.S.A.
255255 21-5426, and amendments thereto, human trafficking or aggravated human
256256 trafficking, or K.S.A. 21-6422, and amendments thereto, commercial
257257 sexual exploitation of a child;
258258 (3) has engaged in or is engaging in any conduct prohibited by K.S.A.
259259 21-5703, and amendments thereto, unlawful manufacturing of controlled
260260 substances, or K.S.A. 21-5705, and amendments thereto, unlawful
261261 cultivation or distribution of controlled substances; or
262262 (4) has engaged in or is engaging in any conduct prohibited by K.S.A.
263263 21-6107, and amendments thereto, identity theft or identity fraud.
264264 (c) "Documentary material" means any book, paper, document,
265265 writing, drawing, graph, chart, photograph, phonorecord, magnetic tape,
266266 computer printout, other data compilation from which information can be
267267 obtained or from which information can be translated into usable form, or
268268 other tangible item.
269269 (d) "Enterprise" means any individual, sole proprietorship,
270270 partnership, corporation, business trust, union chartered under the laws of
271271 this state, or other legal entity, or any unchartered union, association, or
272272 group of individuals associated in fact although not a legal entity; and it
273273 includes illicit as well as licit enterprises and governmental, as well as
274274 other, entities. A criminal street gang, as defined in K.S.A. 21-6313, and
275275 amendments thereto, constitutes an enterprise.
276276 (e) "Pattern of racketeering activity" means engaging in at least two
277277 incidents of racketeering activity that have the same or similar intents,
278278 results, accomplices, victims or methods of commission or that otherwise
279279 are interrelated by distinguishing characteristics and are not isolated
280280 incidents, provided at least one of such incidents occurred after the
281281 effective date of this act and that the last of such incidents occurred within
282282 five years, excluding any period of imprisonment, after a prior incident of
283283 racketeering activity.
284284 (f) "Racketeering activity" means to commit, attempt to commit,
285285 conspire to commit or to solicit, coerce or intimidate another person to
286286 commit any:
287287 (1) Felony or misdemeanor violation of: The felony provisions of
288288 K.S.A. 8-1568, and amendments thereto, fleeing or attempting to elude a
289289 police officer; K.S.A. 9-508 et seq., and amendments thereto, Kansas
290290 money transmitter act; article 12a of chapter 17 of the Kansas Statutes
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334334 Annotated, and amendments thereto, Kansas uniform securities act; K.S.A.
335335 21-5401, and amendments thereto, capital murder; K.S.A. 21-5402, and
336336 amendments thereto, murder in the first degree; K.S.A. 21-5403, and
337337 amendments thereto, murder in the second degree; K.S.A. 21-5408, and
338338 amendments thereto, kidnapping or aggravated kidnapping; K.S.A. 21-
339339 5412, and amendments thereto; K.S.A. 21-5413, and amendments thereto;
340340 K.S.A. 21-5414, and amendments thereto, domestic battery; K.S.A. 21-
341341 5415, and amendments thereto, criminal threat or aggravated criminal
342342 threat; K.S.A. 21-5420, and amendments thereto, robbery or aggravated
343343 robbery; K.S.A. 21-5421, and amendments thereto, terrorism; K.S.A. 21-
344344 5422, and amendments thereto, illegal use of weapons of mass destruction;
345345 K.S.A. 21-5423, and amendments thereto; K.S.A. 21-5426, and
346346 amendments thereto, human trafficking or aggravated human trafficking;
347347 K.S.A. 21-5428, and amendments thereto, blackmail; K.S.A 21-5510, and
348348 amendments thereto, sexual exploitation of a child; K.S. 21-5601, and
349349 amendments thereto, endangering a child or aggravated endangering a
350350 child; K.S.A. 21-5602, and amendments thereto, abuse of a child; K.S.A.
351351 21-5603, and amendments thereto, contributing to a child's misconduct or
352352 deprivation; K.S.A. 21-5607(b), and amendments thereto, furnishing
353353 alcoholic beverages to a minor for illicit purposes; article 57 of chapter 21
354354 of the Kansas Statutes Annotated, and amendments thereto, crimes
355355 involving controlled substances; K.S.A. 21-5801, and amendments thereto,
356356 theft; K.S.A. 21-5803, and amendments thereto, criminal deprivation of
357357 property; K.S.A. 21-5805, and amendments thereto; K.S.A. 21-5807, and
358358 amendments thereto, burglary or aggravated burglary; K.S.A. 21-5812,
359359 and amendments thereto, arson or aggravated arson; K.S.A. 21-5813, and
360360 amendments thereto, criminal damage to property; K.S.A. 21-5814, and
361361 amendments thereto, criminal use of an explosive; K.S.A. 21-5821, and
362362 amendments thereto, giving a worthless check; K.S.A. 21-5823, and
363363 amendments thereto, forgery; K.S.A. 21-5824, and amendments thereto,
364364 making false information; K.S.A. 21-5825, and amendments thereto,
365365 counterfeiting; K.S.A. 21-5826, and amendments thereto, destroying
366366 written instrument; K.S.A. 21-5828, and amendments thereto, criminal use
367367 of a financial card; K.S.A. 21-5838, and amendments thereto, conducting a
368368 pyramid promotional scheme; K.S.A. 21-5839, and amendments thereto;
369369 section 1, and amendments thereto, organized retail crime; K.S.A. 21-
370370 5903, and amendments thereto, perjury; K.S.A. 21-5904, and amendments
371371 thereto, interference with law enforcement; K.S.A. 21-5905, and
372372 amendments thereto, interference with the judicial process; K.S.A. 21-
373373 5909, and amendments thereto, intimidation of a witness or victim or
374374 aggravated intimidation of a witness or victim; K.S.A. 21-5912, and
375375 amendments thereto, aiding escape; K.S.A. 21-5913, and amendments
376376 thereto, obstructing apprehension or prosecution; K.S.A. 21-5918, and
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420420 amendments thereto; K.S.A. 21-6001, and amendments thereto, bribery;
421421 K.S.A. 21-6002, and amendments thereto, official misconduct; K.S.A. 21-
422422 6107, and amendments thereto, identity theft or identity fraud; K.S.A. 21-
423423 6301, and amendments thereto, criminal use of weapons; K.S.A. 21-6302,
424424 and amendments thereto, criminal carrying of a weapon; K.S.A. 21-6303,
425425 and amendments thereto, criminal distribution of firearms to a felon;
426426 K.S.A. 21-6304, and amendments thereto, criminal possession of a
427427 weapon by a convicted felon; K.S.A. 21-6305, and amendments thereto,
428428 aggravated weapons violation by a convicted felon; K.S.A. 21-6306, and
429429 amendments thereto, defacing identification marks of a firearm; K.S.A.
430430 21-6308, and amendments thereto, criminal discharge of a firearm; K.S.A.
431431 21-6310, and amendments thereto, unlawful endangerment; K.S.A. 21-
432432 6312, and amendments thereto; K.S.A. 21-6314, and amendments thereto,
433433 recruiting criminal street gang membership; K.S.A. 21-6315, and
434434 amendments thereto, criminal street gang intimidation; K.S.A. 21-6401,
435435 and amendments thereto, promoting obscenity or promoting obscenity to
436436 minors; K.S.A. 21-6404, and amendments thereto, gambling; K.S.A. 21-
437437 6405, and amendments thereto, illegal bingo operation; K.S.A. 21-6406,
438438 and amendments thereto, commercial gambling; K.S.A. 21-6407, and
439439 amendments thereto, dealing in gambling devices; K.S.A. 21-6408, and
440440 amendments thereto; K.S.A. 21-6409, and amendments thereto, installing
441441 communication facilities for gamblers; K.S.A. 21-6414(a) or (b), and
442442 amendments thereto, unlawful conduct of dog fighting or unlawful
443443 possession of dog fighting paraphernalia; K.S.A. 21-6417(a) or (b), and
444444 amendments thereto, unlawful conduct of cockfighting or unlawful
445445 possession of cockfighting paraphernalia; K.S.A. 21-6419, and
446446 amendments thereto, selling sexual relations; K.S.A. 21-6420, and
447447 amendments thereto, promoting the sale of sexual relations; K.S.A. 21-
448448 6422, and amendments thereto, commercial sexual exploitation of a child;
449449 K.S.A. 21-6501, and amendments thereto, extortion; K.S.A. 21-6502, and
450450 amendments thereto, debt adjusting; K.S.A. 21-6504, and amendments
451451 thereto, equity skimming; K.S.A. 21-6506, and amendments thereto,
452452 commercial bribery; K.S.A. 21-6507, and amendments thereto, sports
453453 bribery; K.S.A. 21-6508, and amendments thereto, tampering with a sports
454454 contest; K.S.A. 39-720, and amendments thereto, social welfare service
455455 fraud; K.S.A. 40-2,118, and amendments thereto, fraudulent insurance
456456 acts; K.S.A. 41-101 et seq., and amendments thereto, Kansas liquor
457457 control act; K.S.A. 44-5,125, and amendments thereto, workers'
458458 compensation act; K.S.A. 65-1657, and amendments thereto, nonresident
459459 pharmacy registration; K.S.A. 65-3441, and amendments thereto,
460460 hazardous waste; K.S.A. 65-4167, and amendments thereto, trafficking in
461461 counterfeit drugs; article 88 of chapter 74 of the Kansas Statutes
462462 Annotated, and amendments thereto, Kansas parimutuel racing act; or
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506506 K.S.A. 79-3321, and amendments thereto, Kansas cigarette and tobacco
507507 products act; or
508508 (2) conduct defined as "racketeering activity" under 18 U.S.C. §
509509 1961(1).
510510 (g) "Real property" means any real property or any interest in such
511511 real property, including, but not limited to, any lease of or mortgage upon
512512 such real property.
513513 (h) (1) "Trustee" means any:
514514 (A) Person acting as trustee pursuant to a trust in which the trustee
515515 holds legal or record title to real property;
516516 (B) person who holds legal or record title to real property in which
517517 any other person has a beneficial interest; or
518518 (C) successor trustee or trustees to any or all of the foregoing persons.
519519 (2) The term "trustee" does not include any person appointed or
520520 acting as a personal representative as defined in K.S.A. 59-102, and
521521 amendments thereto, or appointed or acting as a trustee of any
522522 testamentary trust or as a trustee of any indenture of trust under which any
523523 bonds have been or are to be issued.
524524 (i) "Unlawful debt" means any money or other thing of value
525525 constituting principal or interest of a debt that is legally unenforceable in
526526 this state in whole or in part because the debt was incurred or contracted
527527 in:
528528 (1) Violation of any of the following provisions of law: Article 88 of
529529 chapter 74 of the Kansas Statutes Annotated, and amendments thereto,
530530 Kansas parimutuel racing act; K.S.A. 21-6404, and amendments thereto,
531531 gambling; K.S.A. 21-6405, and amendments thereto, illegal bingo
532532 operation; K.S.A. 21-6406, and amendments thereto, commercial
533533 gambling; K.S.A. 21-6407, and amendments thereto, dealing in gambling
534534 devices; K.S.A. 21-6408, and amendments thereto, unlawful possession of
535535 a gambling device; or K.S.A. 21-6409, and amendments thereto, installing
536536 communication facilities for gamblers; or
537537 (2) gambling activity in violation of federal law or in the business of
538538 lending money at a rate usurious under state or federal law.
539539 Sec. 4. K.S.A. 2023 Supp. 75-702 is hereby amended to read as
540540 follows: 75-702. (a) The attorney general shall appear for the state, and
541541 prosecute and defend any and all actions and proceedings, civil or
542542 criminal, in the Kansas supreme court, the Kansas court of appeals and in
543543 all federal courts, in which the state shall be interested or a party, and shall,
544544 when so appearing, control the state's prosecution or defense.
545545 (b) The attorney general shall also, when required by the governor or
546546 either branch of the legislature, appear for the state and prosecute or
547547 defend, in any other court or before any officer, in any cause or matter,
548548 civil or criminal, in which this state may be a party or interested or when
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592592 the constitutionality of any law of this state is at issue and when so
593593 directed shall seek final resolution of such issue in the supreme court of
594594 the state of Kansas.
595595 (c) (1) The attorney general shall have authority to prosecute any
596596 matter related to a violation of K.S.A. 12-189 or 75-5133, and
597597 amendments thereto, related to unlawful acts when the offender is an
598598 officer or employee of a city or county.
599599 (2) Notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, the attorney
600600 general shall have concurrent authority with any county or district attorney
601601 to prosecute theft as defined in K.S.A. 21-5801, and amendments thereto,
602602 a violation:
603603 (A) Violations of the Kansas racketeer influenced and corrupt
604604 organizations act, K.S.A. 21-6327 et seq., and amendments thereto, or an;
605605 (B) crimes that are part of an alleged course of criminal conduct that
606606 occurred in two or more counties; and
607607 (C) any attempt, conspiracy or criminal solicitation as defined in
608608 K.S.A. 21-5301, 21-5302 or 21-5303, and amendments thereto, of such
609609 crimes that is part of an alleged course of criminal conduct that occurred in
610610 two or more counties the crimes described in subsection (c)(2)(A) or (c)(2)
611611 (B).
612612 Sec. 5. K.S.A. 21-5801 and 21-6328 and K.S.A. 2023 Supp. 75-702
613613 are hereby repealed.
614614 Sec. 6. This act shall take effect and be in force from and after its
615615 publication in the statute book.
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