Massachusetts 2025-2026 Regular Session

Massachusetts Senate Bill S1516 Compare Versions

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22 SENATE DOCKET, NO. 2588 FILED ON: 1/17/2025
33 SENATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 1516
44 The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
55 _________________
66 PRESENTED BY:
77 William J. Driscoll, Jr.
88 _________________
99 To the Honorable Senate and House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts in General
1010 Court assembled:
1111 The undersigned legislators and/or citizens respectfully petition for the adoption of the accompanying bill:
1212 An Act to improve indoor air quality.
1313 _______________
1414 PETITION OF:
1515 NAME:DISTRICT/ADDRESS :William J. Driscoll, Jr.Norfolk, Plymouth and Bristol 1 of 12
1616 SENATE DOCKET, NO. 2588 FILED ON: 1/17/2025
1717 SENATE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No. 1516
1818 By Mr. Driscoll, a petition (accompanied by bill, Senate, No. 1516) of William J. Driscoll, Jr. for
1919 legislation to promote regulations to improve indoor air quality. Public Health.
2020 The Commonwealth of Massachusetts
2121 _______________
2222 In the One Hundred and Ninety-Fourth General Court
2323 (2025-2026)
2424 _______________
2525 An Act to improve indoor air quality.
2626 Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in General Court assembled, and by the authority
2727 of the same, as follows:
2828 1 SECTION 1. Chapter 111 of the General Laws is hereby amended by adding the
2929 2following section:
3030 3 Section 245. (a) For the purposes of this section, the following terms shall, unless the
3131 4context requires otherwise, have the following meanings:
3232 5 “Agent”, an official or employee of the department or a division of the department.
3333 6 “ASHRAE”, the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning
3434 7Engineers.
3535 8 “Building”, a publicly or privately owned structure for commercial, housing or
3636 9governmental purposes that exposes individuals to indoor air in permanently enclosed public
3737 10spaces. This term does not include spaces designated and used solely for industrial purposes,
3838 11private spaces used solely for residential purposes, temporary structures, spaces unintended for
3939 12public access beyond 3 consecutive months, any structure exempted from coverage via the 2 of 12
4040 13commonwealth’s building codes and structures owned or leased by the United States
4141 14government, either wholly or in part.
4242 15 “Building occupant” or “occupant”, any individual who is regularly exposed to indoor air
4343 16in a building.
4444 17 “Building owner” or “owner”, the lawful owner of the building, or a designee thereof.
4545 18 “HVAC&R” shall mean heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration.
4646 19 “Indoor Air Quality” or “IAQ”, the degree to which indoor air is free of excessive levels
4747 20of contaminants injurious to human health.
4848 21 “IAQ assessment” or “assessment”, an assessment of the levels of contaminants in
4949 22buildings determined to contribute to adverse health effects among exposed occupants.
5050 23 “IAQ certification”, a rating of building IAQ compliance that may include differing
5151 24levels of adherence to specific activities or requirements in this section.
5252 25 “IAQ complaint” or “complaint”, documentation of actual or suspected breaches or
5353 26violations of this section, or regulations promulgated under this section, through onsite
5454 27measurements or observations of building conditions or HVAC&R systems, medical symptoms,
5555 28or conditions of suspected or actual building-related illnesses, or other identifiable factors.
5656 29 “IAQ event”, a specific or limited circumstance emanating from a complaint,
5757 30investigation, inspection or other notification that warrants responses by a building owner to
5858 31address or remedy poor IAQ. 3 of 12
5959 32 “IAQ inspection” or “inspection”, an onsite evaluation of actual or projected building
6060 33IAQ performance initiated by the department, in collaboration with the board of building
6161 34regulations and standards.
6262 35 “IAQ investigation” or “investigation”, an evaluation of actual or projected building IAQ
6363 36performance conducted in specific response to complaints or actual or suspected risks of harm to
6464 37individuals .
6565 38 “Regulation”, rules or directives created by the department or a division thereof in
6666 39furtherance of this section.
6767 40 “Renovation”, substantial efforts to restore or repair a building that may negatively
6868 41impact IAQ onsite for a period exceeding several workdays during the course of performance.
6969 42 “Significant medical conditions”, conditions attributable to building related illnesses
7070 43impacting the health or safety of a cluster of no less than 5 building occupants that led affected
7171 44individuals to seek medical care or are confirmed through valid tests.
7272 45 (b)(1) It shall be the policy of the commonwealth that public health be protected and
7373 46promoted through the regulation of indoor air quality within public buildings. In furtherance of
7474 47this goal, the department or a designated division thereof shall develop a comprehensive,
7575 48statewide plan to help assess and set priorities for improving IAQ in buildings through the
7676 49mitigation of contaminants of indoor air quality, identification of environmental, public health
7777 50and other bases for interventions, and regulatory proposals and policy options consistent with the
7878 51goals of this section. The department may coordinate and support further research efforts in
7979 52partnership with other commonwealth agencies, departments and international or national IAQ
8080 53stakeholders, consistent with the goals of this section and as such research relates to IAQ. 4 of 12
8181 54 (2) the department, or division thereof, may develop effective and practice process,
8282 55protocols, methods and techniques for the detection and prevention of contamination in buildings
8383 56consistent with existing scientific and expert knowledge and input.
8484 57 (3) the department shall collect and make available the results of IAQ planning, research
8585 58and prevention efforts supported or conducted by the department. This shall include information
8686 59related to known or potential short-term and long-term health effects of air contaminants; actual
8787 60or prospective settings or locations where exposure to harmful contaminants are likely to occur;
8888 61adverse health effects of varied levels of contaminants; likely sources of exposures to specific
8989 62contaminants, including particular types of buildings or materials; technical information
9090 63regarding implementing programs and other methods for reducing exposures to contaminants;
9191 64prevention, management or measurement technologies and their effectiveness, cost and
9292 65feasibility or ease of operation; recommendations for lowering health risks to building-related
9393 66illnesses by identifying, reducing and preventing exposures, and; remedial actions including
9494 67elimination, substitution, engineering or administrative controls.
9595 68 (4) the department may collect, analyze, and maintain surveillance data or other
9696 69information related to human impacts associated with IAQ, including: the adverse health effects
9797 70of varied contaminants; risk factors and sources of building-related illnesses; communicable or
9898 71chronic conditions, short- and long-term injuries; preventable morbidity and mortality; disparate
9999 72impacts on specific populations, feasibility and appropriateness of monitoring technologies, and
100100 73efficacy of specific IAQ interventions to improve public health. 5 of 12
101101 74 (5) In support of the development of IAQ regulations and the implementation of this
102102 75section, the department or division thereof may request, obtain, and use information from public
103103 76and private organizations including environmental surveillance or other data.
104104 77 (c)(1) In consultation with the board of building regulations and standards, the
105105 78department may identify types or classes of buildings that routinely present risks of potential or
106106 79actual contaminant exposures to occupants based on probable or actual indoor air health risks
107107 80typically experienced among occupants of similar buildings, probable or actual sources of
108108 81building-related illnesses or exposures to contaminants, and available measures to mitigate
109109 82preventable health risks to occupants consistent with ongoing, intended uses of the buildings.
110110 83 (2) Pursuant to paragraph (1), the department may designate types or classes of buildings
111111 84that routinely present high, medium or low risks of potential or actual exposure to contaminants
112112 85during periods of full or partial occupancy.
113113 86 (3) In consultation with the board of building regulations and standards, the department is
114114 87authorized to examine, develop, or adopt specific techniques or standards for approved tests that
115115 88accurately and reliably measure the prior or current presence of contaminants and identify
116116 89sources of contamination. Provided, that such tests can not pose any known health risks to
117117 90building occupants when conducted onsite, pose disproportionate environmental harms as
118118 91compared to other technologies., contradict scientific consensus of appropriate, independently
119119 92verified technologies, or impose significant financial burdens on building owners required to use
120120 93them under this section. Such testing will occur at a frequency to be determined by the
121121 94department, and the department may authorize the use of proxy testing in lieu of more specific
122122 95tests. 6 of 12
123123 96 (4) Building owners shall visibly post results of IAQ tests onsite to alert occupants and
124124 97others of prior or current IAQ levels at the frequency for testing described in this subsection.
125125 98Building owners shall also post the results of IAQ tests online through publicly accessible
126126 99websites to be developed by the department. The results of these tests shall be posted within 48
127127 100hours following the administration of said tests. The department shall create requirements for
128128 101posting IAQ results.
129129 102 (5) Building owners may conduct an IAQ assessment consistent with base-level
130130 103parameters determined by the department with the following parameters: frequency as required
131131 104under this subsection; reviews of proper ventilation, filters, air cleaning devices and fans,
132132 105adjusted for the number of building occupants per ASHRAE standards; measurable risks
133133 106explicitly tied to contaminants building-related illnesses, or planned renovations, identification of
134134 107potential remediable causes of poor IAQ, including pollutant pathways, contaminant sources, and
135135 108more; observation of areas prone to moisture problems, visible mold, or orders associated with
136136 109biological growth or water stains; use of technological or other analytical tools to screen or
137137 110identify contaminants; physical conditions, placements, and operational status of HVAC&R
138138 111equipment or components, and IAQ detectors or other monitors, thermal factors such as building
139139 112temperatures and humidity; identification of specific products, materials, or conditions within the
140140 113building that may cause excessive risk of poor IAQ or building-related illnesses absent proper
141141 114ventilation, including pursuant to planned renovations, and; other determinants within or outside
142142 115that may help accurate gauge health risks to occupants based on single or repeated exposures to
143143 116indoor air in period of regular operations or based on planned renovations.
144144 117 (6) IAQ assessments may include recommended actions, if warranted, including
145145 118estimated costs to remedy or improve IAQ within buildings in compliance with this section. 7 of 12
146146 119Building owners may refer to these actions in making repairs, engaging in renovations, or taking
147147 120other steps to improve IAQ. Building owners are obligated to repair or take remedial actions to
148148 121improve IAQ deficiencies.
149149 122 (7) Assessments and documented proof of remedial actions to ameliorate poor IAQ may
150150 123be filed with the department pursuant to the formal processes it establishes.
151151 124 (8) Building owners shall maintain information related to assessments and remedial
152152 125actions at least 3 years after the date of their performance.
153153 126 (d)(1) Building occupants or other aggrieved persons may file a formal IAQ complaint of
154154 127an alleged IAQ event at a building to the department pursuant to the direct notification or
155155 128submission of a form created by the agency. Said form shall include the name, identification, and
156156 129contact information of the person/persons submitting the form; alleged factors that reasonably
157157 130suggest a risk of adverse health effects or building related illnesses due to poor IAQ among
158158 131building occupant; identification of specific locales within the building that may be at risk of
159159 132poor IAQ; prospective, estimated, or actual number of individuals impacted; specific dates over
160160 133which the alleged factors or poor IAQ have occurred or are occurring, any alleged or suspected
161161 134building-related illnesses, observe red data from onsite tests conducted by the building owner,
162162 135independently conducted tests, assessments of occupants heal symptoms, or other available data
163163 136supporting the complaint; input from additional sources supporting the complaint; notice to the
164164 137building owner of the complaint, and; any other state or local agencies that may have been
165165 138notified or are aware of the basis for the complaint.
166166 139 (2) Any complaint properly filed and received by the department shall be initially
167167 140assessed by the department for its validity, including through outreach to the building owner, 8 of 12
168168 141building occupants and submitter(s) of the complaint. If a complaint is determined to be invalid,
169169 142the department shall decline to take further action after notifying the complainant. If a complaint
170170 143is determined to be initially valid, the department shall launch an IAQ investigation after
171171 144notifying the building owners and the complainant.
172172 145 (3) The department may conduct an investigation of an IAQ event within 90 days of
173173 146determining the validity of the complaint. The investigation shall include screening,
174174 147identification, and selective interviewing of building occupants; optional medical of occupants
175175 148allegedly suffering from exposure to contaminants or a building related illness, provided the
176176 149occupant provides written informed consent to any medical testing; results of inspections
177177 150authorized by this section, IAQ assessments provided by the building owner, review of
178178 151HVAC&R planning and interviews with HVAC&R personnel responsible for the design,
179179 152installation, operation, or maintenance of the building systems, and; determinations of prior or
180180 153contemporaneous remedial actions consistent with IAQ assessments or inspection.
181181 154 (4) Investigation results and required remedial actions shall be shared with the building
182182 155owners and be made available to building occupants within 30 days of the completion of the
183183 156investigation.
184184 157 (5) building owners must complete any required repairs or other remedial actions within
185185 158120 days of the receipt of the agencies investigation results. Written extensions may be granted
186186 159by the department within the discretion of an agent of the department.
187187 160 (6) Pursuant to this section, and with prior consent of and notice to building owners,
188188 161agents of the department may enter a building at a reasonable time to inspect, investigate,
189189 162evaluate and conduct needed tests for the department’s own IAQ assessment of the building as 9 of 12
190190 163needed to determine business compliance with this section. If the state agent is denied entry into
191191 164the building on at least 2 distinct occasions for the same the same purposes, the agent may seek
192192 165an administrative search warrant to enter the building for this specific purpose. A court of the
193193 166commonwealth may grant an administrative search warrant provided probable cause of an IAQ
194194 167violation exists. Information obtained via this administrative search warrant shall be used only
195195 168for purposes of fulfilling the goals of this section. This section shall not limit the authority of any
196196 169state or local agency to conduct an administrative search or inspection of buildings under other
197197 170provisions of existing federal or state laws.
198198 171 (7) The department shall establish a fee to cover the reasonable costs of performing an
199199 172inspection of the building, to be paid by building owners. Reasonable costs shall include
200200 173administration, personnel or travel expenses; instrument rentals; tests; laboratory assessments;
201201 174judicial expenditures; or other legitimate expenses incurred by the department. Any owner who
202202 175fails to pay the fee shall be subject to appropriate citations. The department may exempt certain
203203 176owners from paying the fee if their buildings are classified as low risk or the owners face
204204 177significant financial burdens in paying the fee.
205205 178 (8) The results of any inspection shall be shared with the building owner, including
206206 179proposed remedies, within 30 days of conducting the inspection. At a minimum, inspection
207207 180results shall include clear descriptions of key findings related to core elements; identification of
208208 181any conditions that are actually contributing to poor IAQ at the building; guidance or options on
209209 182remedial actions the building owner may wish to take to address these conditions, and; set
210210 183procedural requirements for notifying building occupants of probable or actual risks to their
211211 184health, if applicable. Building owners have up to 90 days within the receipt of the department’s 10 of 12
212212 185inspection to undertake and complete remedial actions to bring the building within compliance of
213213 186the section, with the department having the authority to grant extensions within its discretion.
214214 187 (9) The department may refer to filed IAQ assessments, along with documented proof of
215215 188remedial actions, where made, in determining whether a specific building requires inspections. A
216216 189building owner who has conducted an assessment and successfully remedied and discovered
217217 190issues within 12 months prior to the date of an investigation may be exempted from an inspection
218218 191if the department determines that prior compliance sufficiently ameliorates poor IAQ.
219219 192 (e) (1) The department shall seek voluntary compliance of building owners with meeting
220220 193provisions or requirements consistent with specific time deadlines or other state parameters in
221221 194this section or regulations promulgated to support this section.
222222 195 (2) The department may provide certain incentives to building owners to support
223223 196voluntary compliance, including waivers of formal inspections; opportunities to apply for annual
224224 197designations of buildings meeting IAQ certification with graded levels set via regulation by the
225225 198department; expedited reviews of IAQ assessments for additional buildings owned or leased by
226226 199the same owner and; allowance of reasonable costs related to IAQ testing, assessment or
227227 200remedial actions to be tax deductible business expenses under state law.
228228 201 (f)(1) Any building owner who knowingly or willfully violates or fails to comply with the
229229 202terms, conditions, regulations or requirements of this section may be subject to citations or
230230 203penalties as set forth in this section.
231231 204 (2) The department may issue citations against offending building owners for each
232232 205alleged violation; provided, that said violations shall identify the conditions, factors, dates and
233233 206locations leading to the violation, as well as the specific provisions of this section or authorized 11 of 12
234234 207regulations substantiating the violation. Alleged violations shall be subject to specific financial
235235 208penalties to be set by the department, providing that said penalties do not exceed $10,000. Funds
236236 209collected from said penalties shall be returned to the department’s operating budget to support
237237 210costs incurred in the implementation and enforcement of this section.
238238 211 (3) Following citations, the department may undertake additional recourse against
239239 212continuing offending building owners for the period of time in which a violation is unresolved,
240240 213including prohibiting existing or prospective leasing of the applicable building where building
241241 214occupants may be at risk of harmful exposure to contamination. The attorney general or other
242242 215appropriate law enforcement agency may commence a civil action in court for severe violations.
243243 216 (4) Any action under this section or regulations promulgated in support of this section is
244244 217barred unless its commenced within 3 years after the cause of action accrues or was or should
245245 218reasonably have been discovered by the department or other state agency.
246246 219 (g) Within 12 months of the effective date of this section, the department and divisions of
247247 220the department are authorized to promulgate and implement rules, orders, and regulations as are
248248 221reasonable and necessary to implement and effectuate the provisions and goals of this act, based
249249 222on the best available scientific evidence and other proofs of efficacy to identify, prevent, and
250250 223control factors affecting IAQ within buildings. The department may regularly amend these
251251 224regulations for the purposes of clarifying guidance, making essential updates, or revising
252252 225regulations based on new information, emerging science, or legal requirements. Nothing in this
253253 226section shall be construed to authorize the department or other state agency to carry out any
254254 227program or activity that is not reasonably related to improving IAQ . 12 of 12
255255 228 (h) One year following the enactment of this section, and every 2 years thereafter, the
256256 229department shall file a report with the clerks of the house and senate detailing the
257257 230implementation and enforcement of this section, including challenges facing the department and
258258 231possible legislative action to address said challenges.
259259 232 SECTION 2. Notwithstanding any general or special laws to the contrary, the department
260260 233shall, no later than 6 months following the enactment of this act, the department of public health
261261 234shall prepare and submit an initial report to the clerks of the house and the senate concerning the
262262 235prospective impacts, effects and challenges of this act on the department.
263263 236 SECTION 3. Section 1 shall take effect January 1, 2026.