Maryland 2024 Regular Session

Maryland House Bill HB316 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.
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33 EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MAT TER ADDED TO EXISTIN G LAW.
44 [Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law.
55 *hb0316*
66
77 HOUSE BILL 316
88 E1, E5 EMERGENCY BILL 4lr1336
99 SB 744/23 – JPR CF SB 28
1010 By: Delegates Valentine, Adams, Anderton, Arentz, Baker, Bouchat, Buckel,
1111 Chisholm, Ciliberti, Fisher, Ghrist, Grammer, Griffith, Hartman,
1212 Hinebaugh, Hornberger, Howard, Hutchinson, Jacobs, Kipke, R. Long,
1313 Mangione, McComas, Metzgar, Miller, M. Morgan, T. Morgan, Munoz,
1414 Nawrocki, Otto, Pippy, Reilly, Rose, Schmidt, Stonko, Szeliga, Tomlin son,
1515 and Wivell
1616 Introduced and read first time: January 15, 2024
1717 Assigned to: Judiciary
1818
1919 A BILL ENTITLED
2020
2121 AN ACT concerning 1
2222
2323 Crimes and Corrections – Penalties and Procedures 2
2424 (Violent Firearms Offender Act of 2024) 3
2525
2626 FOR the purpose of establishing that a violation of a condition of probation, parole, or 4
2727 mandatory supervision that involves the use or possession of a firearm is not a 5
2828 technical violation for certain purposes; requiring the Commissioner of Correction to 6
2929 provide a certain incarcerated individual with a certain reentry kit and assistance 7
3030 in obtaining Medicaid benefits under certain circumstances; altering the elements of 8
3131 certain prohibitions against using a certain firearm in the commission of a certain 9
3232 crime; providing that the use of a firearm in the commission of the offense of 10
3333 possession with intent to distribute a controlled dangerous substance is a crime of 11
3434 violence for certain purposes; altering the penalties for unlawful possession of a 12
3535 regulated firearm; prohibiting a dealer or other person from selling, renting, loaning, 13
3636 or transferring a regulated firearm to a purchaser, lessee, borrower, or transferee if 14
3737 the dealer or other person has actual knowledge that the purchaser, lessee, borrower, 15
3838 or transferee intends to use the regulated firearm for a certain purpose; and 16
3939 generally relating to criminal and correctional penalties and procedures. 17
4040
4141 BY renumbering 18
4242 Article – Public Safety 19
4343 Section 5–134(c) and (d) 20
4444 to be Section 5–134(d) and (e), respectively 21
4545 Annotated Code of Maryland 22
4646 (2022 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 23
4747
4848 BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, 24 2 HOUSE BILL 316
4949
5050
5151 Article – Correctional Services 1
5252 Section 6–101(a) 2
5353 Annotated Code of Maryland 3
5454 (2017 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 4
5555
5656 BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 5
5757 Article – Correctional Services 6
5858 Section 6–101(m) 7
5959 Annotated Code of Maryland 8
6060 (2017 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 9
6161
6262 BY adding to 10
6363 Article – Correctional Services 11
6464 Section 9–609.2 12
6565 Annotated Code of Maryland 13
6666 (2017 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 14
6767
6868 BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 15
6969 Article – Criminal Law 16
7070 Section 4–204, 4–306(b), 4–404, and 14–101(a) 17
7171 Annotated Code of Maryland 18
7272 (2021 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 19
7373
7474 BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 20
7575 Article – Public Safety 21
7676 Section 5–133(b) 22
7777 Annotated Code of Maryland 23
7878 (2022 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 24
7979
8080 BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 25
8181 Article – Public Safety 26
8282 Section 5–133(b–1) 27
8383 Annotated Code of Maryland 28
8484 (2022 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 29
8585 (As enacted by Chapter 622 of the Acts of the General Assembly of 2023) 30
8686
8787 BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, 31
8888 Article – Public Safety 32
8989 Section 5–134(b) 33
9090 Annotated Code of Maryland 34
9191 (2022 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 35
9292
9393 BY adding to 36
9494 Article – Public Safety 37
9595 Section 5–134(c) 38
9696 Annotated Code of Maryland 39
9797 (2022 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 40 HOUSE BILL 316 3
9898
9999
100100
101101 SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 1
102102 That Section(s) 5–134(c) and (d) of Article – Public Safety of the Annotated Code of 2
103103 Maryland be renumbered to be Section(s) 5–134(d) and (e), respectively. 3
104104
105105 SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACT ED, That the Laws of Maryland read 4
106106 as follows: 5
107107
108108 Article – Correctional Services 6
109109
110110 6–101. 7
111111
112112 (a) In this subtitle the following words have the meanings indicated. 8
113113
114114 (m) “Technical violation” means a violation of a condition of probation, parole, or 9
115115 mandatory supervision that does not involve: 10
116116
117117 (1) an arrest or a summons issued by a commissioner on a statement of 11
118118 charges filed by a law enforcement officer; 12
119119
120120 (2) a violation of a criminal prohibition other than a minor traffic offense; 13
121121
122122 (3) a violation of a no–contact or stay–away order; [or] 14
123123
124124 (4) absconding; OR 15
125125
126126 (5) USE OR POSSESSION OF A FIREARM. 16
127127
128128 9–609.2. 17
129129
130130 BEFORE RELEASE OF AN INCARCERATED INDIVID UAL FROM A STATE 18
131131 CORRECTIONAL FACILIT Y, THE COMMISSIONER OF CORRECTION SHALL PROV IDE 19
132132 THE INCARCERATED INDIVIDUAL WITH : 20
133133
134134 (1) A REENTRY KIT, INCLUDING: 21
135135
136136 (I) AT LEAST 1 WEEK OF SUPPLIES FOR BASIC HUMAN NEEDS , 22
137137 INCLUDING TOILETRIES AND CLOTHING ; 23
138138
139139 (II) THE IDENTIFICATION C ARD REQUIRED TO BE I SSUED 24
140140 UNDER § 9–609.1 OF THIS SUBTITLE; 25
141141
142142 (III) 1. CONTACT IN FORMATION FOR ENTITI ES THAT 26
143143 SPECIALIZE IN PROVID ING REENTRY SERVICES , HOUSING ASSISTANCE , SUBSTANCE 27
144144 USE DISORDER TREATME NT, AND MENTAL HEALTH SE RVICES; AND 28
145145 4 HOUSE BILL 316
146146
147147
148148 2. IF THE INCARCERATED INDIVIDUAL IS NOT EL IGIBLE 1
149149 FOR MEDICAID BENEFITS , CONTACT INFORMATION FOR THE MARYLAND HEALTH 2
150150 BENEFIT EXCHANGE; AND 3
151151
152152 (IV) PUBLIC TRANSPORTATIO N INFORMATION , INCLUDING 4
153153 LOCAL PUBLIC TRANSPO RTATION SCHEDULES AN D MAPS; AND 5
154154
155155 (2) IF THE INCARCERATED INDIVIDUAL IS ELIGIB LE FOR MEDICAID 6
156156 BENEFITS, ASSISTANCE IN OBTAIN ING MEDICAID BENEFITS . 7
157157
158158 Article – Criminal Law 8
159159
160160 4–204. 9
161161
162162 (a) (1) In this section[, “firearm”] THE FOLLOWING WORDS HAVE THE 10
163163 MEANINGS INDICATED . 11
164164
165165 (2) (I) “FIREARM” means: 12
166166
167167 [(i)] 1. a weapon that expels, is designed to expel, or may readily 13
168168 be converted to expel a projectile by the action of an explosive; or 14
169169
170170 [(ii)] 2. the frame or receiver of such a weapon. 15
171171
172172 [(2)] (II) “Firearm” includes an antique firearm, handgun, rifle, shotgun, 16
173173 short–barreled rifle, short–barreled shotgun, starter gun, or any other firearm, whether 17
174174 loaded or unloaded. 18
175175
176176 (3) “USE A FIREARM” DOES NOT INCLUDE THE MERE POSSESSION OF 19
177177 A FIREARM. 20
178178
179179 (b) A person may not use a firearm in the commission of a crime of violence, as 21
180180 defined in § 5–101 of the Public Safety Article, or any felony, whether the firearm is 22
181181 operable or inoperable at the time of the crime. 23
182182
183183 (c) (1) (i) A person who violates this section is guilty of a [misdemeanor] 24
184184 FELONY and, in addition to any other penalty imposed for the crime of violence or felony, 25
185185 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for not less than 5 years and not exceeding 20 years. 26
186186
187187 (ii) The court may not impose less than the minimum sentence of 5 27
188188 years and, except as otherwise provided in § 4–305 of the Correctional Services Article, the 28
189189 person is not eligible for parole in less than 5 years. 29
190190
191191 (2) For each subsequent violation, the sentence shall be consecutive to and 30
192192 not concurrent with any other sentence imposed for the crime of violence or felony. 31
193193 HOUSE BILL 316 5
194194
195195
196196 4–306. 1
197197
198198 (b) (1) IN THIS SUBSECTION , “USES” DOES NOT INCLUDE MER E 2
199199 POSSESSION. 3
200200
201201 (2) A person who uses an assault weapon, a rapid fire trigger activator, or 4
202202 a magazine that has a capacity of more than 10 rounds of ammunition, in the commission 5
203203 of a felony or a crime of violence as defined in § 5–101 of the Public Safety Article is guilty 6
204204 of a [misdemeanor] FELONY and on conviction, in addition to any other sentence imposed 7
205205 for the felony or crime of violence, shall be sentenced under this subsection. 8
206206
207207 [(2)] (3) (i) For a first violation, the person shall be sentenced to 9
208208 imprisonment for not less than 5 years and not exceeding 20 years. 10
209209
210210 (ii) The court may not impose less than the minimum sentence of 5 11
211211 years. 12
212212
213213 (iii) The mandatory minimum sentence of 5 years may not be 13
214214 suspended. 14
215215
216216 (iv) Except as otherwise provided in § 4–305 of the Correctional 15
217217 Services Article, the person is not eligible for parole in less than 5 years. 16
218218
219219 [(3)] (4) (i) For each subsequent violation, the person shall be 17
220220 sentenced to imprisonment for not less than 10 years and not exceeding 20 years. 18
221221
222222 (ii) The court may not impose less than the minimum sentence of 10 19
223223 years. 20
224224
225225 (iii) A sentence imposed under this paragraph shall be consecutive to 21
226226 and not concurrent with any other sentence imposed for the felony or crime of violence. 22
227227
228228 4–404. 23
229229
230230 (a) A person may not use or possess a machine gun in the commission or 24
231231 attempted commission of a FELONY OR crime of violence. 25
232232
233233 (b) A person who violates this section is guilty of a felony and on conviction is 26
234234 subject to imprisonment not exceeding 20 years. 27
235235
236236 14–101. 28
237237
238238 (a) In this section, “crime of violence” means: 29
239239
240240 (1) abduction; 30
241241 6 HOUSE BILL 316
242242
243243
244244 (2) arson in the first degree; 1
245245
246246 (3) kidnapping; 2
247247
248248 (4) manslaughter, except involuntary manslaughter; 3
249249
250250 (5) mayhem; 4
251251
252252 (6) maiming, as previously proscribed under former Article 27, §§ 385 and 5
253253 386 of the Code; 6
254254
255255 (7) murder; 7
256256
257257 (8) rape; 8
258258
259259 (9) robbery under § 3–402 or § 3–403 of this article; 9
260260
261261 (10) carjacking; 10
262262
263263 (11) armed carjacking; 11
264264
265265 (12) sexual offense in the first degree; 12
266266
267267 (13) sexual offense in the second degree; 13
268268
269269 (14) use of a firearm in the commission of a felony [except possession with 14
270270 intent to distribute a controlled dangerous substance under § 5–602(2) of this article,] or 15
271271 other crime of violence; 16
272272
273273 (15) child abuse in the first degree under § 3–601 of this article; 17
274274
275275 (16) sexual abuse of a minor under § 3–602 of this article if: 18
276276
277277 (i) 1. the victim is under the age of 13 years and the offender is 19
278278 an adult at the time of the offense; or 20
279279
280280 2. the offender is at least 21 years old and the victim is under 21
281281 the age of 16 years; and 22
282282
283283 (ii) the offense involved: 23
284284
285285 1. vaginal intercourse, as defined in § 3–301 of this article; 24
286286
287287 2. a sexual act, as defined in § 3–301 of this article; 25
288288
289289 3. an act in which a part of the offender’s body penetrates, 26
290290 however slightly, into the victim’s genital opening or anus; or 27 HOUSE BILL 316 7
291291
292292
293293
294294 4. the intentional touching of the victim’s or the offender’s 1
295295 genital, anal, or other intimate area for sexual arousal, gratification, or abuse; 2
296296
297297 (17) home invasion under § 6–202(b) of this article; 3
298298
299299 (18) a felony offense under Title 3, Subtitle 11 of this article; 4
300300
301301 (19) an attempt to commit any of the crimes described in items (1) through 5
302302 (18) of this subsection; 6
303303
304304 (20) continuing course of conduct with a child under § 3–315 of this article; 7
305305
306306 (21) assault in the first degree; 8
307307
308308 (22) assault with intent to murder; 9
309309
310310 (23) assault with intent to rape; 10
311311
312312 (24) assault with intent to rob; 11
313313
314314 (25) assault with intent to commit a sexual offense in the first degree; and 12
315315
316316 (26) assault with intent to commit a sexual offense in the second degree. 13
317317
318318 Article – Public Safety 14
319319
320320 5–133. 15
321321
322322 (b) (1) Subject to § 5–133.3 of this subtitle, a person may not possess a 16
323323 regulated firearm if the person: 17
324324
325325 [(1)] (I) has been convicted of a disqualifying crime; 18
326326
327327 [(2)] (II) has been convicted of a violation classified as a common law 19
328328 crime and received a term of imprisonment of more than 2 years; 20
329329
330330 [(3) (i)] (III) 1. has been convicted on or after October 1, 2023, of a 21
331331 second or subsequent violation of § 4–104 of the Criminal Law Article; or 22
332332
333333 [(ii)] 2. has been convicted on or after October 1, 2023, of a 23
334334 violation of § 4–104 of the Criminal Law Article if the violation resulted in the use of a 24
335335 loaded firearm by a minor causing death or serious bodily injury to the minor or another 25
336336 person; 26
337337 8 HOUSE BILL 316
338338
339339
340340 [(4)] (IV) subject to subsection (b–1) of this section, is on supervised 1
341341 probation after being convicted: 2
342342
343343 [(i)] 1. of a crime punishable by imprisonment for 1 year or more; 3
344344
345345 [(ii)] 2. for a violation of § 21–902(b) or (c) of the Transportation 4
346346 Article; or 5
347347
348348 [(iii)] 3. for violating a protective order under § 4–509 of the Family 6
349349 Law Article; 7
350350
351351 [(5)] (V) is a fugitive from justice; 8
352352
353353 [(6)] (VI) is a habitual drunkard; 9
354354
355355 [(7)] (VII) is addicted to a controlled dangerous substance or is a habitual 10
356356 user; 11
357357
358358 [(8)] (VIII) suffers from a mental disorder as defined in § 10–101(i)(2) of the 12
359359 Health – General Article and has a history of violent behavior against the person or 13
360360 another; 14
361361
362362 [(9)] (IX) has been found incompetent to stand trial under § 3–106 of the 15
363363 Criminal Procedure Article; 16
364364
365365 [(10)] (X) has been found not criminally responsible under § 3–110 of the 17
366366 Criminal Procedure Article; 18
367367
368368 [(11)] (XI) has been voluntarily admitted for more than 30 consecutive days 19
369369 to a facility as defined in § 10–101 of the Health – General Article; 20
370370
371371 [(12)] (XII) has been involuntarily committed to a facility as defined in § 21
372372 10–101 of the Health – General Article; 22
373373
374374 [(13)] (XIII) is under the protection of a guardian appointed by a court under 23
375375 § 13–201(c) or § 13–705 of the Estates and Trusts Article, except for cases in which the 24
376376 appointment of a guardian is solely a result of a physical disability; 25
377377
378378 [(14)] (XIV) except as provided in subsection (e) of this section, is a 26
379379 respondent against whom: 27
380380
381381 [(i)] 1. a current non ex parte civil protective order has been 28
382382 entered under § 4–506 of the Family Law Article; or 29
383383 HOUSE BILL 316 9
384384
385385
386386 [(ii)] 2. an order for protection, as defined in § 4–508.1 of the 1
387387 Family Law Article, has been issued by a court of another state or a Native American tribe 2
388388 and is in effect; or 3
389389
390390 [(15)] (XV) if under the age of 30 years at the time of possession, has been 4
391391 adjudicated delinquent by a juvenile court for an act that would be a disqualifying crime if 5
392392 committed by an adult. 6
393393
394394 (2) (I) EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN SUBSECTION (C) OF THIS SECTION, 7
395395 A PERSON WHO VIOLATE S THIS SUBSECTION IS GUILTY OF A MISDEMEA NOR AND ON 8
396396 CONVICTION IS SUBJEC T TO: 9
397397
398398 1. EXCEPT AS PROVIDED I N ITEM 2 OF THIS 10
399399 SUBPARAGRAPH , IMPRISONMENT NOT EXC EEDING 5 YEARS OR A F INE NOT 11
400400 EXCEEDING $10,000 OR BOTH; AND 12
401401
402402 2. SUBJECT TO PARAGRAPH (3) OF THIS SUBSECTION , 13
403403 FOR A SECOND OR SUBS EQUENT OFFENSE , IMPRISONMENT NOT EXC EEDING 10 14
404404 YEARS OR A FINE NOT EXCEEDING $10,000 OR BOTH. 15
405405
406406 (II) EACH VIOLATION OF THI S SUBSECTION IS A SE PARATE 16
407407 CRIME. 17
408408
409409 (III) A PERSON CONVICTED UND ER THIS SUBSECTION I S NOT 18
410410 PROHIBITED FROM PART ICIPATING IN A DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAM UN DER § 19
411411 8–507 OF THE HEALTH – GENERAL ARTICLE BECAUSE OF TH E LENGTH OF THE 20
412412 SENTENCE. 21
413413
414414 (3) THE COURT MAY NOT IMP OSE THE PENALTIES UNDER 22
415415 PARAGRAPH (2)(I)2 OF THIS SUBSECTION U NLESS THE STATE’S ATTORNEY SERVES 23
416416 NOTICE ON THE DEFEND ANT OR THE DEFENDANT ’S COUNSEL BEFORE THE 24
417417 ACCEPTANCE OF A PLEA OF GUILTY OR NOLO CO NTENDERE OR AT LEAST 15 DAYS 25
418418 BEFORE TRIAL THAT : 26
419419
420420 (I) THE STATE WILL SEEK THE PENALT IES UNDER PARAGRAPH 27
421421 (2)(I)2 OF THIS SUBSECTION ; AND 28
422422
423423 (II) LISTS THE ALLEGED PR IOR CONVICTIONS . 29
424424
425425 (b–1) Subsection [(b)(4)] (B)(1)(IV) of this section may not be construed to prohibit 30
426426 possession of a regulated firearm by a person who was not convicted of but received only 31
427427 probation before judgment for an offense listed in subsection [(b)(4)] (B)(1)(IV) of this 32
428428 section. 33
429429
430430 5–134. 34 10 HOUSE BILL 316
431431
432432
433433
434434 (b) A dealer or other person may not sell, rent, loan, or transfer a regulated 1
435435 firearm to a purchaser, lessee, borrower, or transferee who the dealer or other person knows 2
436436 or has reasonable cause to believe: 3
437437
438438 (1) is under the age of 21 years, unless the regulated firearm is loaned to a 4
439439 borrower who may possess the regulated firearm under § 5–133(d) of this subtitle; 5
440440
441441 (2) has been convicted of a disqualifying crime; 6
442442
443443 (3) has been convicted of a conspiracy to commit a felony; 7
444444
445445 (4) has been convicted of a violation classified as a common law crime and 8
446446 received a term of imprisonment of more than 2 years; 9
447447
448448 (5) is a fugitive from justice; 10
449449
450450 (6) is a habitual drunkard; 11
451451
452452 (7) is addicted to a controlled dangerous substance or is a habitual user; 12
453453
454454 (8) suffers from a mental disorder as defined in § 10–101(i)(2) of the Health 13
455455 – General Article, and has a history of violent behavior against the purchaser, lessee, 14
456456 borrower, or transferee or another, unless the purchaser, lessee, borrower, or transferee 15
457457 possesses a physician’s certificate that the recipient is capable of possessing a regulated 16
458458 firearm without undue danger to the purchaser, lessee, borrower, or transferee or to 17
459459 another; 18
460460
461461 (9) has been confined for more than 30 consecutive days to a facility as 19
462462 defined in § 10–101 of the Health – General Article, unless the purchaser, lessee, borrower, 20
463463 or transferee possesses a physician’s certificate that the recipient is capable of possessing 21
464464 a regulated firearm without undue danger to the purchaser, lessee, borrower, or transferee 22
465465 or to another; 23
466466
467467 (10) is a respondent against whom a current non ex parte civil protective 24
468468 order has been entered under § 4–506 of the Family Law Article; 25
469469
470470 (11) if under the age of 30 years at the time of the transaction, has been 26
471471 adjudicated delinquent by a juvenile court for an act that would be a disqualifying crime if 27
472472 committed by an adult; 28
473473
474474 (12) is visibly under the influence of alcohol or drugs; 29
475475
476476 (13) is a participant in a straw purchase; 30
477477
478478 (14) subject to subsection (c) of this section for a transaction under this 31
479479 subsection that is made on or after January 1, 2002, has not completed a certified firearms 32 HOUSE BILL 316 11
480480
481481
482482 safety training course conducted free of charge by the Maryland Police Training and 1
483483 Standards Commission or that meets standards established by the Maryland Police 2
484484 Training and Standards Commission under § 3–207 of this article; or 3
485485
486486 (15) intends to use the regulated firearm to: 4
487487
488488 (i) commit a crime; or 5
489489
490490 (ii) cause harm to the purchaser, lessee, transferee, or recipient or 6
491491 another person. 7
492492
493493 (C) (1) A DEALER OR OTHER PERS ON MAY NOT SELL , RENT, LOAN, OR 8
494494 TRANSFER A REGULATED FIREARM TO A PURCHASER , LESSEE, BORROWER , OR 9
495495 TRANSFEREE IF THE DE ALER OR OTHER PERSON HAS ACTUAL KNOWLEDGE THAT 10
496496 THE PURCHASER , LESSEE, BORROWER , OR TRANSFEREE INTEND S TO USE THE 11
497497 REGULATED FIREARM TO : 12
498498
499499 (I) COMMIT A CRIME ; OR 13
500500
501501 (II) CAUSE HARM TO THE PURCHASER , LESSEE, TRANSFEREE , 14
502502 OR RECIPIENT OR ANOT HER PERSON. 15
503503
504504 (2) A PERSON WHO VIOLATES THIS SUBSECTION IS G UILTY OF A 16
505505 FELONY AND ON CONVIC TION IS SUBJECT TO I MPRISONMENT NOT EXCE EDING 10 17
506506 YEARS. 18
507507
508508 (3) EACH VIOLATION OF THI S SUBSECTION IS A SE PARATE CRIME. 19
509509
510510 (4) A PERSON CONVICTED UND ER THIS SUBSECTION I S NOT 20
511511 PROHIBITED FROM PART ICIPATING IN A DRUG TREATMENT PROGRAM UN DER § 21
512512 8–507 OF THE HEALTH – GENERAL ARTICLE BECAUSE OF TH E LENGTH OF THE 22
513513 SENTENCE. 23
514514
515515 (5) A DEFENDANT CHARGED WI TH VIOLATING TH IS SUBSECTION 24
516516 SHALL ALSO BE CHARGE D WITH VIOLATING SUB SECTION (B) OF THIS SECTION. 25
517517
518518 SECTION 3. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act is an emergency 26
519519 measure, is necessary for the immediate preservation of the public health or safety, has 27
520520 been passed by a yea and nay vote supported by three–fifths of all the members elected to 28
521521 each of the two Houses of the General Assembly, and shall take effect from the date it is 29
522522 enacted. 30
523523