Old | New | Differences | |
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1 | 1 | ||
2 | 2 | ||
3 | 3 | EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MAT TER ADDED TO EXISTIN G LAW. | |
4 | 4 | [Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law. | |
5 | - | Underlining indicates amendments to bill. | |
6 | - | Strike out indicates matter stricken from the bill by amendment or deleted from the law by | |
7 | - | amendment. | |
8 | 5 | *hb0813* | |
9 | 6 | ||
10 | 7 | HOUSE BILL 813 | |
11 | 8 | D4, R4 4lr2406 | |
12 | 9 | ||
13 | - | By: Delegates Toles and Henson, Henson, Conaway, Taylor, Kaufman, Phillips, | |
14 | - | and Williams | |
10 | + | By: Delegates Toles and Henson | |
15 | 11 | Introduced and read first time: January 31, 2024 | |
16 | 12 | Assigned to: Judiciary | |
17 | - | Committee Report: Favorable with amendments | |
18 | - | House action: Adopted | |
19 | - | Read second time: March 25, 2024 | |
20 | 13 | ||
21 | - | ||
14 | + | A BILL ENTITLED | |
22 | 15 | ||
23 | 16 | AN ACT concerning 1 | |
24 | 17 | ||
25 | 18 | Driver’s Licenses – Suspension for Child Support Arrearages – Exception 2 | |
26 | 19 | ||
27 | 20 | FOR the purpose of establishing a certain exception to the authority of the Child Support 3 | |
28 | 21 | Administration to notify the Motor Vehicle Administration of an individual’s child 4 | |
29 | 22 | support arrearages for the purpose of suspending the individual’s driver’s license or 5 | |
30 | 23 | privilege to drive if the obligor’s income is at or below a certain level; authorizing the 6 | |
31 | 24 | Child Support Administration to consider certain information in determining the 7 | |
32 | 25 | income of an obligor under this Act; and generally relating to the suspension of a 8 | |
33 | 26 | driver’s license or privilege to drive for child support arrearages. 9 | |
34 | 27 | ||
35 | 28 | BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 10 | |
36 | 29 | Article – Family Law 11 | |
37 | 30 | Section 10–119 12 | |
38 | 31 | Annotated Code of Maryland 13 | |
39 | 32 | (2019 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 14 | |
40 | 33 | ||
41 | 34 | BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, 15 | |
42 | 35 | Article – Transportation 16 | |
43 | 36 | Section 16–203(a) 17 | |
44 | 37 | Annotated Code of Maryland 18 | |
45 | 38 | (2020 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 19 | |
46 | 39 | ||
47 | 40 | BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 20 | |
48 | - | Article – Transportation 21 2 HOUSE BILL 813 | |
41 | + | Article – Transportation 21 | |
42 | + | Section 16–203(b), (e), and (f) 22 | |
43 | + | Annotated Code of Maryland 23 | |
44 | + | (2020 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 24 | |
45 | + | ||
46 | + | SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 25 | |
47 | + | That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 26 | |
48 | + | 2 HOUSE BILL 813 | |
49 | 49 | ||
50 | 50 | ||
51 | - | Section 16–203(b), (e), and (f) 1 | |
52 | - | Annotated Code of Maryland 2 | |
53 | - | (2020 Replacement Volume and 2023 Supplement) 3 | |
51 | + | Article – Family Law 1 | |
54 | 52 | ||
55 | - | SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 4 | |
56 | - | That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 5 | |
53 | + | 10–119. 2 | |
57 | 54 | ||
58 | - | ||
55 | + | (a) (1) In this section the following words have the meanings indicated. 3 | |
59 | 56 | ||
60 | - | 10–119. 7 | |
57 | + | (2) “License” has the meaning stated in § 11–128 of the Transportation 4 | |
58 | + | Article. 5 | |
61 | 59 | ||
62 | - | (a) (1) In this section the following words have the meanings indicated. 8 | |
60 | + | (3) “Motor Vehicle Administration” means the Motor Vehicle 6 | |
61 | + | Administration of the Department of Transportation. 7 | |
63 | 62 | ||
64 | - | (2) “License” has the meaning stated in § 11–128 of the Transportation 9 | |
65 | - | Article. 10 | |
63 | + | (b) (1) THIS SECTION DOES NOT APPLY TO AN OBLIGOR WHOSE 8 | |
64 | + | INDIVIDUAL INCOME FOR THE CURRE NT YEAR IS NOT GREATER THAN 250% OF THE 9 | |
65 | + | FEDERAL POVERTY GUID ELINES UNLESS THE OBLIGOR W AS JUDICIALLY 10 | |
66 | + | DETERMINED , AT THE TIME THE MOST RECENT CHILD SUPPORT ORDER WAS 11 | |
67 | + | ENTERED, TO BE VOLUNTARILY IM POVERISHED UNDER § 12–204 OF THIS ARTICLE. 12 | |
66 | 68 | ||
67 | - | ( | |
68 | - | ||
69 | + | (2) TO DETERMINE THE INCO ME OF AN OBLIGOR UND ER THIS 13 | |
70 | + | SUBSECTION, THE ADMINISTRATION MAY CO NSIDER: 14 | |
69 | 71 | ||
70 | - | (b) (1) THIS SECTION DOES NOT APPLY TO AN OBLIGOR WHOSE 13 | |
71 | - | INDIVIDUAL INCOME FO R THE CURRENT YEAR I S NOT GREATER THAN 250% OF THE 14 | |
72 | - | FEDERAL POVERTY GUID ELINES UNLESS THE OB LIGOR WAS JUDICIALLY 15 | |
73 | - | DETERMINED , AT THE TIME THE MOST RECENT CHILD SUPPORT ORDER WAS 16 | |
74 | - | ENTERED, TO BE VOLUNTARILY IMPOVERI SHED UNDER § 12–204 OF THIS ARTICLE. 17 | |
72 | + | (I) THE INCOME OF THE OBL IGOR AT THE TIME THE MOST 15 | |
73 | + | RECENT CHILD SUPPORT ORDER WAS ENTERED ; OR 16 | |
75 | 74 | ||
76 | - | ( | |
77 | - | ||
75 | + | (II) INFORMATION ON THE O BLIGOR’S INCOME PROVIDED BY 17 | |
76 | + | THE OBLIGOR, THE COMPTROLLER , OR AN EMPLOYER OF TH E OBLIGOR. 18 | |
78 | 77 | ||
79 | - | (I) THE INCOME OF THE OB LIGOR AT THE TIME TH E MOST 20 | |
80 | - | RECENT CHILD SUPPORT ORDER WAS ENTERED ; OR 21 | |
78 | + | (C) (1) Subject to the provisions of subsection [(c)] (D) of this section, the 19 | |
79 | + | Administration may notify the Motor Vehicle Administration of an obligor [with a 20 | |
80 | + | noncommercial license who is 60 days or more out of compliance, or an obligor with a 21 | |
81 | + | commercial license] who is 120 days or more out of compliance[,] with the most recent order 22 | |
82 | + | of the court in making child support payments if: 23 | |
81 | 83 | ||
82 | - | ( | |
83 | - | ||
84 | + | (i) the Administration has accepted an assignment of support under 24 | |
85 | + | § 5–312(b)(2) of the Human Services Article; or 25 | |
84 | 86 | ||
85 | - | (C) (1) Subject to the provisions of subsection [(c)] (D) of this section, the 24 | |
86 | - | Administration may notify the Motor Vehicle Administration of an obligor [with a 25 | |
87 | - | noncommercial license who is 60 days or more out of compliance, or an obligor with a 26 | |
88 | - | commercial license] who is 120 days or more out of compliance[,] with the most recent order 27 | |
89 | - | of the court in making child support payments if: 28 | |
87 | + | (ii) the recipient of support payments has filed an application for 26 | |
88 | + | support enforcement services with the Administration. 27 | |
90 | 89 | ||
91 | - | ( | |
92 | - | ||
90 | + | (2) Upon notification by the Administration under this subsection, the 28 | |
91 | + | Motor Vehicle Administration: 29 | |
93 | 92 | ||
94 | - | (ii) the recipient of support payments has filed an application for 31 | |
95 | - | support enforcement services with the Administration. 32 | |
96 | - | HOUSE BILL 813 3 | |
93 | + | (i) shall suspend the obligor’s license or privilege to drive in the 30 | |
94 | + | State; and 31 | |
95 | + | ||
96 | + | (ii) may issue a work–restricted license or work–restricted privilege 32 HOUSE BILL 813 3 | |
97 | 97 | ||
98 | 98 | ||
99 | - | (2) Upon notification by the Administration under this subsection, the 1 | |
100 | - | Motor Vehicle Administration: 2 | |
99 | + | to drive in the State in accordance with § 16–203 of the Transportation Article. 1 | |
101 | 100 | ||
102 | - | ( | |
103 | - | ||
101 | + | [(c)] (D) (1) Before supplying any information to the M otor Vehicle 2 | |
102 | + | Administration under this section, the Administration shall: 3 | |
104 | 103 | ||
105 | - | (ii) may issue a work–restricted license or work–restricted privilege 5 | |
106 | - | to drive in the State in accordance with § 16–203 of the Transportation Article. 6 | |
104 | + | (i) send written notice of the proposed action to the obligor, 4 | |
105 | + | including notice of the obligor’s right to request an investigation on any of the following 5 | |
106 | + | grounds: 6 | |
107 | 107 | ||
108 | - | | |
109 | - | ||
108 | + | 1. the information regarding the reported arrearage is 7 | |
109 | + | inaccurate; 8 | |
110 | 110 | ||
111 | - | (i) send written notice of the proposed action to the obligor, 9 | |
112 | - | including notice of the obligor’s right to request an investigation on any of the following 10 | |
113 | - | grounds: 11 | |
111 | + | 2. suspension of the obligor’s license or privilege to drive 9 | |
112 | + | would be an impediment to the obligor’s current or potential employment; or 10 | |
114 | 113 | ||
115 | - | | |
116 | - | ||
114 | + | 3. suspension of the obligor’s license or privilege to drive 11 | |
115 | + | would place an undue hardship on the obligor because of the obligor’s: 12 | |
117 | 116 | ||
118 | - | | |
119 | - | ||
117 | + | A. documented disability resulting in a verified inability to 13 | |
118 | + | work; or 14 | |
120 | 119 | ||
121 | - | 3. suspension of the obligor’s license or privilege to drive 16 | |
122 | - | would place an undue hardship on the obligor because of the obligor’s: 17 | |
120 | + | B. inability to comply with the court order; and 15 | |
123 | 121 | ||
124 | - | | |
125 | - | ||
122 | + | (ii) give the obligor a reasonable opportunity to request an 16 | |
123 | + | investigation of the proposed action of the Administration. 17 | |
126 | 124 | ||
127 | - | B. inability to comply with the court order; and 20 | |
125 | + | (2) (i) Upon receipt of a request for investigation from the obligor, the 18 | |
126 | + | Administration shall conduct an investigation to determine if any of the grounds under 19 | |
127 | + | paragraph (1)(i) of this subsection exist. 20 | |
128 | 128 | ||
129 | - | (ii) give the obligor a reasonable opportunity to request an 21 | |
130 | - | investigation of the proposed action of the Administration. 22 | |
129 | + | (ii) The Administration shall: 21 | |
131 | 130 | ||
132 | - | (2) (i) Upon receipt of a request for investigation from the obligor, the 23 | |
133 | - | Administration shall conduct an investigation to determine if any of the grounds under 24 | |
134 | - | paragraph (1)(i) of this subsection exist. 25 | |
131 | + | 1. send a copy of the obligor’s request for an investigation to 22 | |
132 | + | the obligee by first–class mail; 23 | |
135 | 133 | ||
136 | - | | |
134 | + | 2. give the obligee a reasonable opportunity to respond; and 24 | |
137 | 135 | ||
138 | - | 1. send a copy of the obligor’s request for an investigation to 27 | |
139 | - | the obligee by first–class mail; 28 | |
136 | + | 3. consider the obligee’s response. 25 | |
140 | 137 | ||
141 | - | 2. give the obligee a reasonable opportunity to respond; and 29 | |
138 | + | (iii) Upon completion of the investigation, the Administration shall 26 | |
139 | + | notify the obligor of the results of the investigation and the obligor’s right to appeal to the 27 | |
140 | + | Office of Administrative Hearings. 28 | |
142 | 141 | ||
143 | - | 3. consider the obligee’s response. 30 | |
144 | - | 4 HOUSE BILL 813 | |
142 | + | (3) (i) An appeal under this section shall be conducted in accordance 29 | |
143 | + | with Title 10, Subtitle 2 of the State Government Article. 30 | |
144 | + | ||
145 | + | (ii) An appeal shall be made in writing and shall be received by the 31 4 HOUSE BILL 813 | |
145 | 146 | ||
146 | 147 | ||
147 | - | (iii) Upon completion of the investigation, the Administration shall 1 | |
148 | - | notify the obligor of the results of the investigation and the obligor’s right to appeal to the 2 | |
149 | - | Office of Administrative Hearings. 3 | |
148 | + | Office of Administrative Hearings within [20] 30 days after the notice to the obligor of the 1 | |
149 | + | results of the investigation. 2 | |
150 | 150 | ||
151 | - | (3) (i) An appeal under this section shall be conducted in accordance 4 | |
152 | - | with Title 10, Subtitle 2 of the State Government Article. 5 | |
151 | + | (4) If, after the investigation or appeal to the Office of Administrative 3 | |
152 | + | Hearings, the Administration finds that one of the grounds under paragraph (1)(i) of this 4 | |
153 | + | subsection exists, the Administration may not send any information about the obligor to 5 | |
154 | + | the Motor Vehicle Administration. 6 | |
153 | 155 | ||
154 | - | (ii) An appeal shall be made in writing and shall be received by the 6 | |
155 | - | Office of Administrative Hearings within [20] 30 days after the notice to the obligor of the 7 | |
156 | - | results of the investigation. 8 | |
156 | + | (5) The Administration may not send any information about an obligor to 7 | |
157 | + | the Motor Vehicle Administration if: 8 | |
157 | 158 | ||
158 | - | (4) If, after the investigation or appeal to the Office of Administrative 9 | |
159 | - | Hearings, the Administration finds that one of the grounds under paragraph (1)(i) of this 10 | |
160 | - | subsection exists, the Administration may not send any information about the obligor to 11 | |
161 | - | the Motor Vehicle Administration. 12 | |
159 | + | (i) the Administration reaches an agreement with the obligor 9 | |
160 | + | regarding a scheduled payment of the obligor’s child support arrearage or a court issues an 10 | |
161 | + | order for a scheduled payment of the child support arrearage; and 11 | |
162 | 162 | ||
163 | - | (5) The Administration may not send any information about an obligor to 13 | |
164 | - | the Motor Vehicle Administration if: 14 | |
163 | + | (ii) the obligor is complying with the agreement or court order. 12 | |
165 | 164 | ||
166 | - | (i) the Administration reaches an agreement with the obligor 15 | |
167 | - | regarding a scheduled payment of the obligor’s child support arrearage or a court issues an 16 | |
168 | - | order for a scheduled payment of the child support arrearage; and 17 | |
165 | + | [(d)] (E) (1) If, after information about an obligor is supplied to the Motor 13 | |
166 | + | Vehicle Administration, the obligor’s arrearage is paid in full, the obligor has demonstrated 14 | |
167 | + | good faith by paying the ordered amount of support for 6 consecutive months, the obligor is 15 | |
168 | + | a participant in full compliance in an employment program approved by the 16 | |
169 | + | Administration, or the Administration finds that one of the grounds under subsection 17 | |
170 | + | [(c)(1)(i)] (D)(1)(I) of this section exists, the Administration shall notify the Motor Vehicle 18 | |
171 | + | Administration to reinstate the obligor’s license or privilege to drive. 19 | |
169 | 172 | ||
170 | - | (ii) the obligor is complying with the agreement or court order. 18 | |
173 | + | (2) The Administration may request that the Motor Vehicle 20 | |
174 | + | Administration expunge a record of a suspension of a license or privilege to drive for failure 21 | |
175 | + | to pay child support: 22 | |
171 | 176 | ||
172 | - | [(d)] (E) (1) If, after information about an obligor is supplied to the Motor 19 | |
173 | - | Vehicle Administration, the obligor’s arrearage is paid in full, the obligor has demonstrated 20 | |
174 | - | good faith by paying the ordered amount of support for 6 consecutive months, the obligor is 21 | |
175 | - | a participant in full compliance in an employment program approved by the 22 | |
176 | - | Administration, or the Administration finds that one of the grounds under subsection 23 | |
177 | - | [(c)(1)(i)] (D)(1)(I) of this section exists, the Administration shall notify the Motor Vehicle 24 | |
178 | - | Administration to reinstate the obligor’s license or privilege to drive. 25 | |
177 | + | (i) for an obligor who is enrolled in and compliant with an 23 | |
178 | + | employment program approved by the Administration; or 24 | |
179 | 179 | ||
180 | - | (2) The Administration may request that the Motor Vehicle 26 | |
181 | - | Administration expunge a record of a suspension of a license or privilege to drive for failure 27 | |
182 | - | to pay child support: 28 | |
180 | + | (ii) if the information reported by the Administration that led to the 25 | |
181 | + | suspension was inaccurate. 26 | |
183 | 182 | ||
184 | - | (i) for an obligor who is enrolled in and compliant with an 29 | |
185 | - | employment program approved by the Administration; or 30 | |
183 | + | [(e)] (F) The Secretary of Human Services, in cooperation with the Secretary of 27 | |
184 | + | Transportation, THE COMPTROLLER , and the Office of Administrative Hearings, shall 28 | |
185 | + | adopt regulations to implement this section. 29 | |
186 | 186 | ||
187 | - | (ii) if the information reported by the Administration that led to the 31 | |
188 | - | suspension was inaccurate. 32 | |
187 | + | Article – Transportation 30 | |
189 | 188 | ||
190 | - | [(e)] (F) The Secretary of Human Services, in cooperation with the Secretary of 33 | |
191 | - | Transportation, THE COMPTROLLER , and the Office of Administrative Hearings, shall 34 | |
192 | - | adopt regulations to implement this section. 35 | |
193 | - | HOUSE BILL 813 5 | |
189 | + | 16–203. 31 | |
190 | + | ||
191 | + | (a) In this section, “Child Support Administration” means the Child Support 32 | |
192 | + | Administration of the Department of Human Services. 33 | |
193 | + | ||
194 | + | (b) On notification by the Child Support Administration in accordance with § 34 HOUSE BILL 813 5 | |
194 | 195 | ||
195 | 196 | ||
196 | - | (F) (1) THIS SECTION DOES NOT A PPLY TO AN OBLIGOR W HOSE 1 | |
197 | - | INDIVIDUAL INCOME FO R THE CURRENT YEAR I S NOT GREATER THAN 250% OF THE 2 | |
198 | - | FEDERAL POVERTY GUID ELINES UNLESS THE OB LIGOR WAS JUDICIALLY 3 | |
199 | - | DETERMINED AT THE TI ME THE MOST RECENT C HILD SUPPORT ORDER W AS 4 | |
200 | - | ENTERED TO BE VO LUNTARILY IMPOVERISH ED UNDER § 12–204 OF THIS ARTICLE. 5 | |
197 | + | 10–119 of the Family Law Article that an obligor is [60] 120 days or more out of compliance 1 | |
198 | + | with the most recent order of the court in making child support payments, the 2 | |
199 | + | Administration: 3 | |
201 | 200 | ||
202 | - | (2) TO DETERMINE THE INCO ME OF AN OBLIGOR UND ER THIS 6 | |
203 | - | SUBSECTION, THE ADMINISTRATION MAY CO NSIDER: 7 | |
201 | + | (1) Shall suspend an obligor’s license or privilege to drive in the State; and 4 | |
204 | 202 | ||
205 | - | ( | |
206 | - | ||
203 | + | (2) May issue a work–restricted license or work–restricted privilege to 5 | |
204 | + | drive. 6 | |
207 | 205 | ||
208 | - | ( | |
209 | - | THE | |
206 | + | (e) The Administration shall reinstate an obligor’s license or privilege to drive in 7 | |
207 | + | the State if: 8 | |
210 | 208 | ||
211 | - | Article – Transportation 12 | |
209 | + | (1) The Administration receives a court order to reinstate the license or 9 | |
210 | + | privilege to drive; or 10 | |
212 | 211 | ||
213 | - | ||
212 | + | (2) The Child Support Administration notifies the Administration that: 11 | |
214 | 213 | ||
215 | - | ( | |
216 | - | ||
214 | + | (i) The individual whose license or privilege to drive was suspended 12 | |
215 | + | is not in arrears in making child support payments; 13 | |
217 | 216 | ||
218 | - | (b) On notification by the Child Support Administration in accordance with § 16 | |
219 | - | 10–119 of the Family Law Article that an obligor is [60] 120 days or more out of compliance 17 | |
220 | - | with the most recent order of the court in making chil d support payments, the 18 | |
221 | - | Administration: 19 | |
217 | + | (ii) The obligor has paid the support arrearage in full; 14 | |
222 | 218 | ||
223 | - | (1) Shall suspend an obligor’s license or privilege to drive in the State; and 20 | |
219 | + | (iii) The obligor has demonstrated good faith by paying the ordered 15 | |
220 | + | amount of support for 6 consecutive months; 16 | |
224 | 221 | ||
225 | - | ( | |
226 | - | ||
222 | + | (iv) The obligor is a participant in full compliance in an employment 17 | |
223 | + | program approved by the Child Support Administration; or 18 | |
227 | 224 | ||
228 | - | ( | |
229 | - | the | |
225 | + | (v) One of the grounds under [§ 10–119(c)(1)(i)] § 10–119(D)(1)(I) 19 | |
226 | + | of the Family Law Article exists. 20 | |
230 | 227 | ||
231 | - | (1) The Administration receives a court order to reinstate the license or 25 | |
232 | - | privilege to drive; or 26 | |
228 | + | (f) The Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation with the Secretary of Human 21 | |
229 | + | Services, THE COMPTROLLER , and the Office of Administrative Hearings, shall adopt 22 | |
230 | + | regulations to implement this section. 23 | |
233 | 231 | ||
234 | - | (2) The Child Support Administration notifies the Administration that: 27 | |
235 | - | ||
236 | - | (i) The individual whose license or privilege to drive was suspended 28 | |
237 | - | is not in arrears in making child support payments; 29 | |
238 | - | ||
239 | - | (ii) The obligor has paid the support arrearage in full; 30 | |
240 | - | 6 HOUSE BILL 813 | |
241 | - | ||
242 | - | ||
243 | - | (iii) The obligor has demonstrated good faith by paying the ordered 1 | |
244 | - | amount of support for 6 consecutive months; 2 | |
245 | - | ||
246 | - | (iv) The obligor is a participant in full compliance in an employment 3 | |
247 | - | program approved by the Child Support Administration; or 4 | |
248 | - | ||
249 | - | (v) One of the grounds under [§ 10–119(c)(1)(i)] § 10–119(D)(1)(I) 5 | |
250 | - | of the Family Law Article exists. 6 | |
251 | - | ||
252 | - | (f) The Secretary of Transportation, in cooperation with the Secretary of Human 7 | |
253 | - | Services, THE COMPTROLLER , and the Office of Administrative Hearings, shall adopt 8 | |
254 | - | regulations to implement this section. 9 | |
255 | - | ||
256 | - | SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect 10 | |
257 | - | October 1, 2024. It shall remain effective for a period of 2 years and, at the end of September 11 | |
258 | - | 30, 2026, this Act, with no further action required by the General Assembly, shall be 12 | |
259 | - | abrogated and of no further force and effect. 13 | |
260 | - | ||
261 | - | ||
262 | - | ||
263 | - | ||
264 | - | Approved: | |
265 | - | ________________________________________________________________________________ | |
266 | - | Governor. | |
267 | - | ________________________________________________________________________________ | |
268 | - | Speaker of the House of Delegates. | |
269 | - | ________________________________________________________________________________ | |
270 | - | President of the Senate. | |
232 | + | SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect 24 | |
233 | + | October 1, 2024. It shall remain effective for a period of 2 years and, at the end of September 25 | |
234 | + | 30, 2026, this Act, with no further action required by the General Assembly, shall be 26 | |
235 | + | abrogated and of no further force and effect. 27 |