EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MAT TER ADDED TO EXISTIN G LAW.
[Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law.
*hb1050*
HOUSE BILL 1050
D4 5lr2836
CF SB 943
By: Delegates Bartlett, Fair, D. Jones, and Simpson
Introduced and read first time: February 5, 2025
Assigned to: Judiciary
A BILL ENTITLED
AN ACT concerning 1
Family Law – Protective Orders – Surrender of Firearms 2
FOR the purpose of altering and establishing provisions relating to the surrender of 3
firearms by a respondent under the domestic violence statutes; creating the Task 4
Force to Study the Use of Firearms in Domestic Violence Situations; and generally 5
relating to protective orders. 6
BY repealing and reenacting, without amendments, 7
Article – Family Law 8
Section 4–504(a) and 4–506(f) 9
Annotated Code of Maryland 10
(2019 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 11
BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 12
Article – Family Law 13
Section 4–504(b), 4–504.1(d) through (i), 4–505(a), 4–506.1, and 4–509(a) 14
Annotated Code of Maryland 15
(2019 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 16
BY adding to 17
Article – Family Law 18
Section 4–504(e) and 4–504.1(d) 19
Annotated Code of Maryland 20
(2019 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 21
SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 22
That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 23
Article – Family Law 24
4–504. 25 2 HOUSE BILL 1050
(a) (1) A petitioner may seek relief from abuse by filing with a court, or with a 1
commissioner under the circumstances specified in § 4–504.1(a) of this subtitle, a petition 2
that alleges abuse of any person eligible for relief by the respondent. 3
(2) A petition may be filed under this subtitle if: 4
(i) the abuse is alleged to have occurred in the State; or 5
(ii) the person eligible for relief is a resident of the State, regardless 6
of whether the abuse is alleged to have occurred in the State. 7
(b) (1) The petition shall: 8
(i) be under oath; and 9
(ii) include any information known to the petitioner of: 10
1. the nature and extent of the abuse for which the relief is 11
being sought, including information known to the petitioner concerning previous injury 12
resulting from abuse by the respondent; 13
2. each previous action between the parties in any court; 14
3. each pending action between the parties in any court; 15
4. the whereabouts of the respondent, if known; 16
5. WHETHER THE RESPONDE NT POSSESSES A VALID 17
HANDGUN QUALIFICATIO N LICENSE ISSUED TO THE RESPONDENT BY THE 18
SECRETARY OF STATE POLICE; 19
6. WHETHER THE RESPONDE NT OWNS OR POSSESSES A 20
FIREARM; 21
[5.] 7. if financial relief is requested, information known to the 22
petitioner regarding the financial resources of the respondent; and 23
[6.] 8. in a case of alleged child abuse or alleged abuse of a 24
vulnerable adult, the whereabouts of the child or vulnerable adult and any other 25
information relating to the abuse of the child or vulnerable adult. 26
(2) If the petition states that disclosure of the address of a person eligible 27
for relief would risk further abuse of a person eligible for relief, or reveal the confidential 28
address of a shelter for domestic violence victims, that address may be omitted from all 29
documents filed with a commissioner or filed with, or transferred to, a court. If disclosure 30 HOUSE BILL 1050 3
is necessary to determine jurisdiction or consider any venue issue, it shall be made orally 1
and in camera and may not be disclosed to the respondent. 2
(E) IF THE PETITION STATES THAT THE RESPONDENT POSSESSES A VALID 3
HANDGUN QUALIFICATIO N LICENSE OR THAT TH E RESPONDENT OWNS OR 4
POSSESSES A FIREARM , THE PETITIONER SHALL INCLUDE WITH THE PET ITION THE 5
FOLLOWING INFORMATIO N KNOWN TO THE PETIT IONER: 6
(1) THE LENGTH OF TIME THAT THE PET ITIONER HAS KNOWN OR 7
LIVED WITH THE RESPO NDENT; 8
(2) WHETHER THE PETITION ER IS IN POSSESSION OF A VALID 9
HANDGUN QUALIFICATIO N LICENSE OR OWNS OR IS IN POSSESSION OF A FIREARM; 10
(3) WHETHER THE PETITION ER: 11
(I) HAS A SAFETY PLAN ; 12
(II) IS WORKING WITH A CO MMUNITY DOMESTIC VIO LENCE 13
AGENCY; OR 14
(III) HAS A SPECIFIC COMMU NITY ADVOCATE ; 15
(4) THE POTENTIAL LOCATI ON OF THE RESPONDENT ’S FIREARM; 16
(5) THE LAST TIME THE PE TITIONER SAW THE RES PONDENT’S 17
FIREARM; 18
(6) THE PETITIONER ’S FAMILIARITY WITH T HE RESPONDENT ’S 19
HABITS REGARDING THE FIREARM; 20
(7) THE MAKE AND MODEL O F THE RESPONDENT ’S FIREARM; 21
(8) HOW MANY AND WHAT TY PE OF FIREARMS THE R ESPONDENT MAY 22
HAVE ACCESS TO ; 23
(9) THE CONTACT INFORMAT ION OF OTHER INDIVIDUALS WHO COULD 24
VERIFY THE LOCATION OF THE RESPONDENT ’S FIREARM, INCLUDING EACH 25
INDIVIDUAL’S: 26
(I) NAME; 27
(II) PHONE NUMBER ; 28
4 HOUSE BILL 1050
(III) ADDRESS; AND 1
(IV) RELATIONSHIP TO THE PETITIONER AND THE R ESPONDENT; 2
(10) WHETHER THE RESPON DENT KEEPS THE FIREA RM IN THE 3
RESPONDENT ’S CAR AND, IF SO: 4
(I) THE MAKE AND MODEL O F THE CAR; AND 5
(II) THE LICENSE PLATE NU MBER; 6
(11) WHETHER THERE ARE , OR COULD BE , FIREARMS AT THE 7
RESPONDENT ’S CURRENT RESIDENCE AND, IF SO, THE NAMES AND DATES OF BIRTH 8
OF ALL OF THE INDIVI DUALS IN THE RESIDEN CE; 9
(12) THE RESPONDENT ’S ATTITUDE TOWARD LA W ENFORCEMENT ; AND 10
(13) WHETHER THE RESPONDE NT: 11
(I) HAS PREVIOUSLY PAWNE D A FIREARM AND , IF SO, THE 12
NAME OF THE PAWN SHO P; 13
(II) IS A CURRENT OR FOR MER MEMBER OF THE MI LITARY AND, 14
IF SO, WHICH BRANCH AND THE NAME OF THE RESPONDE NT’S COMMANDING 15
OFFICER; 16
(III) HAS A VALID HUNTING LICENSE OR HUNTS AND , IF SO, THE 17
MOST RECENT DATE THE RESPONDENT WENT HUNT ING; 18
(IV) GOES TO SHOOTING RAN GES AND, IF SO, THE LOCATION AND 19
TIMES THE RESPONDENT GOES TO THE RANGES ; 20
(V) DOES TARGET PRACTICE AND, IF SO, WHEN AND WHERE THE 21
RESPONDENT DOES TARG ET PRACTICE; 22
(VI) KNOWS HOW TO MAKE EX PLOSIVES; 23
(VII) HAS BOMB –MAKING MATERIAL OR H AS ACCESS TO 24
BOMB–MAKING MATERIAL; 25
(VIII) HAS ANY PHOTOS ON SO CIAL MEDIA OF THE RE SPONDENT 26
WITH A FIREARM ; AND 27
HOUSE BILL 1050 5
(IX) HAS BEEN SUICIDAL OR ON A MENTAL HEALTH H OLD OR HAS 1
OTHER MENTAL HEALTH CONCERNS. 2
4–504.1. 3
(D) AN INTERIM PROTECTIVE ORDER SHALL ORDER TH E RESPONDENT TO 4
SURRENDER TO LAW ENF ORCEMENT AUTHORITIES ANY FIREARM IN THE 5
RESPONDENT ’S POSSESSION, AND TO REFRAIN FROM POSSESSION OF ANY FI REARM, 6
FOR THE DURATION OF THE INTERIM PROTECTI VE ORDER. 7
[(d)] (E) If the commissioner awards temporary custody of a minor child under 8
subsection (c)(4)(ii) or (5) of this section, the commissioner may order a law enforcement 9
officer to use all reasonable and necessary force to return the minor child to the custodial 10
parent after service of the interim protective order. 11
[(e)] (F) (1) (i) An interim protective order shall state the date, time, and 12
location for the temporary protective order hearing and a tentative date, time, and location 13
for a final protective order hearing. 14
(ii) Except as provided in subsection [(h)] (I) of this section, or unless 15
the judge continues the hearing for good cause, a temporary protective order hearing shall 16
be held on the first or second day on which a District Court judge is sitting after issuance 17
of the interim protective order. 18
(2) An interim protective order shall include in at least 10–point bold type: 19
(i) notice to the respondent that: 20
1. the respondent must give the court written notice of each 21
change of address; 22
2. if the respondent fails to appear at the temporary 23
protective order hearing or any later hearing, the respondent may be served with any orders 24
or notices in the case by first–class mail at the respondent’s last known address; 25
3. the date, time, and location of the final protective order 26
hearing is tentative only, and subject to change; and 27
4. if the respondent does not attend the temporary protective 28
order hearing, the respondent may call the Office of the Clerk of the District Court at the 29
number provided in the order to find out the actual date, time, and location of any final 30
protective order hearing; 31
(ii) a statement of all possible forms and duration of relief that a 32
temporary protective order or final protective order may contain; 33
6 HOUSE BILL 1050
(iii) notice to the petitioner and respondent that, at the hearing, a 1
judge may issue a temporary protective order that grants any or all of the relief requested 2
in the petition or may deny the petition, whether or not the respondent is in court; 3
(iv) a warning to the respondent that violation of an interim 4
protective order is a crime and that a law enforcement officer shall arrest the respondent, 5
with or without a warrant, and take the respondent into custody if the officer has probable 6
cause to believe that the respondent has violated any provision of the interim protective 7
order; and 8
(v) the phone number of the Office of the District Court Clerk. 9
[(f)] (G) Whenever a commissioner issues an interim protective order, the 10
commissioner shall: 11
(1) immediately forward a copy of the petition and interim protective order 12
to the appropriate law enforcement agency for service on the respondent; and 13
(2) before the hearing scheduled in the interim protective order, transfer 14
the case file and the return of service, if any, to the Office of the District Court Clerk. 15
[(g)] (H) A law enforcement officer shall: 16
(1) immediately on receipt of a petition and interim protective order, serve 17
them on the respondent named in the order; 18
(2) immediately after service, make a return of service to the 19
commissioner’s office or, if the Office of the District Court Clerk is open for business, to the 20
Clerk; and 21
(3) within two hours after service of the order on the respondent, 22
electronically notify the Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services of the 23
service. 24
[(h)] (I) (1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, an interim 25
protective order shall be effective until the earlier of: 26
(i) the temporary protective order hearing under § 4–505 of this 27
subtitle; or 28
(ii) the end of the second business day the Office of the Clerk of the 29
District Court is open following the issuance of an interim protective order. 30
(2) If the court is closed on the day on which the interim protective order is 31
due to expire, the interim protective order shall be effective until the next day on which the 32
court is open, at which time the court shall hold a temporary protective order hearing. 33
HOUSE BILL 1050 7
[(i)] (J) A decision of a commissioner to grant or deny relief under this section 1
is not binding on, and does not affect any power granted to or duty imposed on, a judge of 2
a circuit court or the District Court under any law, including any power to grant or deny a 3
petition for a temporary protective order or final protective order. 4
4–505. 5
(a) (1) If, after a hearing on a petition, whether ex parte or otherwise, a judge 6
finds that there are reasonable grounds to believe that a person eligible for relief has been 7
abused, the judge may enter a temporary protective order to protect any person eligible for 8
relief from abuse. 9
(2) The temporary protective order may order any or all of the following 10
relief: 11
(i) order the respondent to refrain from further abuse or threats of 12
abuse of a person eligible for relief; 13
(ii) order the respondent to refrain from contacting, attempting to 14
contact, or harassing any person eligible for relief; 15
(iii) order the respondent to refrain from entering the residence of a 16
person eligible for relief; 17
(iv) where the person eligible for relief and the respondent are 18
residing together at the time of the alleged abuse, order the respondent to vacate the home 19
immediately and award temporary use and possession of the home to the person eligible 20
for relief or in the case of alleged abuse of a child or alleged abuse of a vulnerable adult, 21
award temporary use and possession of the home to an adult living in the home, provided 22
that the court may not grant an order to vacate and award temporary use and possession 23
of the home to a nonspouse person eligible for relief unless the name of the person eligible 24
for relief appears on the lease or deed to the home or the person eligible for relief has resided 25
in the home with the respondent for a period of at least 90 days within 1 year before the 26
filing of the petition; 27
(v) order the respondent to remain away from the place of 28
employment, school, or temporary residence of a person eligible for relief or home of other 29
family members; 30
(vi) order the respondent to remain away from a child care provider 31
of a person eligible for relief while a child of the person is in the care of the child care 32
provider; 33
(vii) award temporary custody of a minor child of the person eligible 34
for relief and the respondent; AND 35
8 HOUSE BILL 1050
(viii) [order the respondent to surrender to law enforcement 1
authorities any firearm in the respondent’s possession, and to refrain from possession of 2
any firearm, for the duration of the temporary protective order if the abuse consisted of: 3
1. the use of a firearm by the respondent against a person 4
eligible for relief; 5
2. a threat by the respondent to use a firearm against a 6
person eligible for relief; 7
3. serious bodily harm to a person eligible for relief caused by 8
the respondent; or 9
4. a threat by the respondent to cause serious bodily harm to 10
a person eligible for relief; and 11
(ix)] award temporary possession of any pet of the person eligible for 12
relief or the respondent. 13
(3) If the judge awards temporary custody of a minor child under 14
paragraph (2)(vii) of this subsection, the judge may order a law enforcement officer to use 15
all reasonable and necessary force to return the minor child to the custodial parent after 16
service of the temporary protective order. 17
(4) THE TEMPORARY PROTECT IVE ORDER SHALL ORDE R THE 18
RESPONDENT TO SURREN DER TO LAW ENFORCEME NT AUTHORITIES ANY F IREARM 19
IN THE RESPONDENT ’S POSSESSION, AND TO REFRAIN FROM POSSESSION OF ANY 20
FIREARM, FOR THE DURATION OF THE TEMPORARY PROTEC TIVE ORDER. 21
4–506. 22
(f) The final protective order shall order the respondent to surrender to law 23
enforcement authorities any firearm in the respondent’s possession, and to refrain from 24
possession of any firearm, for the duration of the protective order. 25
4–506.1. 26
(A) (1) IF A RESPONDENT IS OR DERED TO SURRENDER A FIREARM UNDER 27
THIS SUBTITLE, THE RESPONDENT SHALL : 28
(I) SURRENDER ALL FIREAR MS IN THE RESPONDENT ’S 29
POSSESSION TO LAW EN FORCEMENT AUTHORITIE S WITHIN 24 HOURS AFTER THE 30
ISSUANCE OF THE ORDE R; AND 31
HOUSE BILL 1050 9
(II) PROVIDE WRITTEN PROO F OF THE SURRENDER T O THE 1
COURT AND THE LOCAL SHERIFF’S OFFICE WITHIN 2 BUSINESS DAYS AFT ER THE 2
SURRENDER . 3
(2) IF THE RESPONDENT DOE S NOT POSSESS A FIRE ARM, THE 4
RESPONDENT SHALL SUB MIT AN AFFIDAVIT TO THE COURT TO THAT EF FECT SIGNED 5
UNDER PENALTY OF PER JURY WITHIN 2 BUSINESS DAYS AFTER THE SURRENDER . 6
(3) IF THE RESPONDENT HAS LAWFULLY SOLD OR TRA NSFERRED A 7
FIREARM WITHIN THE P RIOR 30 DAYS, THE RESPONDENT SHALL SUBMIT THE 8
TRANSFER PAPERWORK T O THE COURT WITHIN 2 BUSINESS DAYS AFTER THE 9
SURRENDER . 10
[(a)] (B) If a respondent surrenders a firearm under [§ 4–505 or § 4–506 of] this 11
subtitle, a law enforcement officer shall: 12
(1) provide to the respondent information on the process for retaking 13
possession of the firearm; and 14
(2) transport and store the firearm in a protective case, if one is available, 15
and in a manner intended to prevent damage to the firearm during the time the protective 16
order is in effect. 17
(C) (1) THE RESPONDENT MAY RE TAKE POSSESSION OF T HE FIREARM AT 18
THE EXPIRATION OF AN INTERIM PROTECTIVE O RDER UNLESS : 19
(I) THE RESPONDENT IS OR DERED TO SURRENDER THE 20
FIREARM IN A TEMPORA RY PROTECTIVE ORDER ISSUED UNDER § 4–505 OF THIS 21
SUBTITLE; OR 22
(II) THE RESPONDENT IS NO T OTHERWISE LEGALLY ENTITLED 23
TO OWN OR POSSESS TH E FIREARM. 24
[(b) (1)] (2) The respondent may retake possession of the firearm at the 25
expiration of a temporary protective order unless: 26
(i) the respondent is ordered to surrender the firearm in a protective 27
order issued under § 4–506 of this subtitle; or 28
(ii) the respondent is not otherwise legally entitled to own or possess 29
the firearm. 30
[(2)] (3) The respondent may retake possession of the firearm at the 31
expiration of a final protective order unless: 32
10 HOUSE BILL 1050
(i) the protective order is extended under § 4–507(a)(2) of this 1
subtitle; or 2
(ii) the respondent is not otherwise legally entitled to own or possess 3
the firearm. 4
[(c)] (D) Notwithstanding any other law, a respondent may transport a firearm 5
if the respondent is carrying a protective order requiring the surrender of the firearm and: 6
(1) the firearm is unloaded; 7
(2) the respondent has notified the law enforcement unit, barracks, or 8
station that the firearm is being transported in accordance with the protective order; and 9
(3) the respondent transports the firearm directly to the law enforcement 10
unit, barracks, or station. 11
(E) A RESPONDENT WHO DOES NOT WISH TO RECOVER A FIREARM 12
SURRENDERED IN ACCOR DANCE WITH A PROTECT IVE ORDER OR WHO IS OTHERWISE 13
PROHIBITED FROM POSS ESSING A FIREARM MAY : 14
(1) SELL OR TRANSFER THE FIREARM OR AMMUNITIO N TO: 15
(I) A LICENSED FIREARM DEALER ; OR 16
(II) ANOTHER PERSON : 17
1. WHO IS NOT PROHIBITE D FROM POSSESSING A 18
FIREARM OR AMMUNITIO N UNDER STATE OR FED ERAL LAW; AND 19
2. WHO DOES NOT LIVE IN THE SAME RESIDENCE A S THE 20
RESPONDENT ; OR 21
(2) REQUEST THE DESTRUCT ION OF THE FIREARM . 22
(F) A LAW ENFORCEMENT AGEN CY THAT RECEIVES A F IREARM 23
SURRENDERED UNDER TH IS SUBTITLE SHALL IS SUE WRITTEN PROOF OF THE 24
SURRENDER TO THE RES PONDENT, INCLUDING: 25
(1) THE NAME OF THE PERS ON SURRENDERING THE FIREARM; 26
(2) THE DATE THE FIREARM WAS SURRENDERED ; AND 27
(3) (I) SUBJECT TO ITEM (II) OF THIS ITEM, THE SERIAL NUMBER , 28
MAKE, AND MODEL OF THE FIR EARM; OR 29 HOUSE BILL 1050 11
(II) FOR A FIREARM MANUFA CTURED PRIOR TO 1968 WITHOUT 1
A SERIAL NUMBER , THE IDENTIFYING MARK S ON THE FIREARM. 2
(G) (1) TO CARRY OUT THE PROV ISIONS OF THIS SUBTI TLE RELATING TO 3
THE SURRENDER OF FIR EARMS, A LAW ENFORCEMENT OF FICER MAY ACCOMPANY 4
THE RESPONDENT OR PR OCEED WITHOUT THE RE SPONDENT’S PRESENCE , IF 5
NECESSARY, TO ANY PLACE WHERE T HE LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICER HAS 6
PROBABLE CAUSE TO BE LIEVE A FIREARM IN T HE POSSESSION OF THE RESPONDENT 7
IS LOCATED TO ENSURE THAT THE RESPONDENT DOES NOT GAIN ACCESS TO A 8
FIREARM. 9
(2) ON APPLICATION BY THE STATE’S ATTORNEY OR A LAW 10
ENFORCEMENT OFFICER , BASED ON PROBABLE C AUSE TO BELIEVE THAT THE 11
RESPONDENT HAS FAILE D TO SURRENDER A FIR EARM IN ACCORDANCE W ITH THIS 12
SECTION OR IS IN POS SESSION OF OTHER FIR EARMS, THE COURT MAY AUTHOR IZE 13
THE EXECUTION OF A S EARCH WARRANT FOR TH E REMOVAL OF A FIREA RM AT ANY 14
LOCATION AT WHICH TH E COURT HAS PROBABLE C AUSE TO BELIEVE A FI REARM 15
POSSESSED BY THE RES PONDENT IS LOCATED . 16
(3) IF AN ORDER UNDER THI S SUBTITLE PROHIBITS A RESPONDENT 17
FROM RETURNING TO TH E SCENE OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE OR ANOTHER PLACE 18
WHERE A LAW ENFORCEM ENT OFFICER HAS PROB ABLE CAUSE TO BELIEV E A 19
FIREARM IN THE POSSE SSION OF THE RESPOND ENT IS LOCATED , THE LAW 20
ENFORCEMENT OFFICER SHALL PROCEED WITHOU T THE RESPONDENT ’S PRESENCE. 21
4–509. 22
(a) A person may not fail to comply with the relief granted in an interim protective 23
order under § 4–504.1(c)(1), (2), (3), (4)(i), (7), or (8) OR (D) of this subtitle, a temporary 24
protective order under § 4–505(a)(2)(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), OR (v), [or (viii)] OR (4) of this subtitle, 25
or a final protective order under § 4–506(d)(1), (2), (3), (4), or (5), or (f) of this subtitle. 26
SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That: 27
(a) There is a Task Force to Study the Use of Firearms in Domestic Violence 28
Situations. 29
(b) The Task Force consists of the following members: 30
(1) two members of the Senate of Maryland, appointed by the President of 31
the Senate; 32
(2) two members of the House of Delegates, appointed by the Speaker of 33
the House; 34 12 HOUSE BILL 1050
(3) the following members, appointed by the Secretary of Public Safety and 1
Correctional Services: 2
(i) one representative of the Maryland Chiefs of Police Association; 3
and 4
(ii) one representative of the Maryland Sheriffs’ Association; and 5
(4) the following members, appointed by the Governor: 6
(i) one representative of a statewide domestic violence awareness 7
group; 8
(ii) one representative of a gun safety advocacy group; and 9
(iii) one representative of the Administrative Office of the Courts. 10
(c) (1) The President of the Senate shall designate one of the members 11
appointed from the Senate as cochair of the Task Force. 12
(2) The Speaker of the House of Delegates shall designate one of the 13
members appointed from the House as cochair of the Task Force. 14
(d) The Center for Firearm Violence Prevention and Intervention shall provide 15
staff for the Task Force. 16
(e) A member of the Task Force: 17
(1) may not receive compensation as a member of the Task Force; but 18
(2) is entitled to reimbursement for expenses under the Standard State 19
Travel Regulations, as provided in the State budget. 20
(f) The Task Force shall examine approaches to: 21
(1) ensure stakeholder accountability in the surrender of firearms used in 22
domestic violence; and 23
(2) create a pilot program in urban, rural, and suburban communities to 24
implement the Task Force’s recommendations. 25
(g) On or before November 15, 2025, the Task Force shall submit a report on its 26
recommendations to the Maryland General Assembly, in accordance with § 2–1257 of the 27
State Government Article. 28
HOUSE BILL 1050 13
SECTION 3. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That Section 1 of this Act shall take 1
effect October 1, 2025. 2
SECTION 4. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That, except as provided in Section 3
3 of this Act, this Act shall take effect June 1, 2025. Section 2 of this Act shall remain 4
effective for a period of 6 months and, at the end of November 30, 2025, Section 2 of this 5
Act, with no further action required by the General Assembly, shall be abrogated and of no 6
further force and effect. 7