Maryland 2025 Regular Session

Maryland Senate Bill SB360 Compare Versions

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33 EXPLANATION: CAPITALS INDICATE MAT TER ADDED TO EXISTIN G LAW.
44 [Brackets] indicate matter deleted from existing law.
55 Underlining indicates amendments to bill.
66 Strike out indicates matter stricken from the bill by amendment or deleted from the law by
77 amendment.
8- Italics indicate opposite chamber/conference committee amendments.
98 *sb0360*
109
1110 SENATE BILL 360
12-D3 (5lr0837)
13-ENROLLED BILL
14-— Judicial Proceedings/Judiciary —
15-Introduced by Senators Hester and Smith
16-
17-Read and Examined by Proofreaders:
18-
19-_______________________________________________
20-Proofreader.
21-_______________________________________________
22-Proofreader.
23-
24-Sealed with the Great Seal and presented to the Governor, for his approval this
25-
26-_______ day of _______________ at _________________ _______ o’clock, ________M.
27-
28-______________________________________________
29-President.
11+D3 5lr0837
12+SB 858/24 – JPR
13+By: Senators Hester and Smith
14+Introduced and read first time: January 17, 2025
15+Assigned to: Judicial Proceedings
16+Committee Report: Favorable
17+Senate action: Adopted
18+Read second time: February 21, 2025
3019
3120 CHAPTER ______
3221
3322 AN ACT concerning 1
3423
35-Revenge Porn – Definition of Visual Representation and Civil Action and 2
36-Criminal Offense 3
24+Revenge Porn – Civil Action and Criminal Offense 2
3725
38-FOR the purpose of authorizing a person to bring and maintain a civil action for defamation 4
39-under certain circumstances; prohibiting a person from knowingly distributing a 5
40-certain computer–generated visual representation of another under certain 6
41-circumstances defining the term “visual representation” as it relates to the crime of 7
42-revenge porn; authorizing a person to bring a certain civil action for revenge porn; 8
43-and generally relating to a civil action and criminal offense for revenge porn. 9
26+FOR the purpose of authorizing a person to bring and maintain a civil action for defamation 3
27+under certain circumstances; prohibiting a person from knowingly distributing a 4
28+certain computer–generated visual representation of another under certain 5
29+circumstances; and generally relating to a civil action and criminal offense for 6
30+revenge porn. 7
4431
45-BY adding to 10
46- Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 11
47-Section 3–505 12
48- Annotated Code of Maryland 13
49- (2020 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 14 2 SENATE BILL 360
32+BY adding to 8
33+ Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 9
34+Section 3–505 10
35+ Annotated Code of Maryland 11
36+ (2020 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 12
37+
38+BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 13
39+ Article – Criminal Law 14
40+ Section 3–809 15
41+ Annotated Code of Maryland 16
42+ (2021 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 17
43+
44+ SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 18
45+That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 19
46+
47+Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 20
48+ 2 SENATE BILL 360
49+
50+
51+3–505. 1
52+
53+ (A) (1) IN THIS SECTION THE FOLLOWIN G WORDS HAVE THE MEA NINGS 2
54+INDICATED. 3
55+
56+ (2) “COMPUTER–GENERATED VISUAL REP RESENTATION ” INCLUDES: 4
57+
58+ (I) A VISUAL REPRESENTATIO N CREATED WITHOUT US ING 5
59+OTHER EXISTING VISUA L REPRESENTATIONS OF A PERSON; AND 6
60+
61+ (II) A VISUAL REPRESENTATIO N CREAT ED USING OTHER 7
62+EXISTING VISUAL REPR ESENTATIONS OF A PER SON WITHOUT THE PERS ON’S 8
63+CONSENT. 9
64+
65+ (3) “DISTRIBUTE” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 10
66+CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 11
67+
68+ (4) (I) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M AN ACTUAL VISUAL 12
69+REPRESENTATION OF THE PE RSON” MEANS THAT AN ORDINA RY PERSON WOULD 13
70+CONCLUDE THAT THE VI SUAL REPRESENTATION IS AN ACTUAL VISUAL 14
71+REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON. 15
72+
73+ (II) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M AN ACTUAL VISUAL 16
74+REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON” INCLUDES A COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL 17
75+REPRESENTATION THAT HAS BEEN CREATED , ADAPTED, OR MODIFIED TO APPEA R 18
76+GENUINE. 19
77+
78+ (III) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M AN ACTUAL VISUAL 20
79+REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON” DOES NOT INCLUDE IMA GES OR ITEMS 21
80+DEPICTING A PERSON T HAT ARE: 22
81+
82+ 1. DRAWINGS; 23
83+
84+ 2. CARTOONS; 24
85+
86+ 3. SCULPTURES; OR 25
87+
88+ 4. PAINTINGS. 26
89+
90+ (5) “INTIMATE PARTS ” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 27
91+CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 28
92+
93+ (6) “SEXUAL ACTIVITY” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 29
94+CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 30 SENATE BILL 360 3
5095
5196
5297
53-BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 1
54- Article Criminal Law 2
55- Section 3–809 3
56- Annotated Code of Maryland 4
57- (2021 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 5
98+ (B) A PERSON MAY BRING AND MAINTAIN A CIVIL ACT ION FOR DEFAMATION 1
99+PER SE AGAINST ANOTH ER WHO DISTRIBUTES A COMPUTERGENERATED VISUAL 2
100+REPRESENTATION THAT IS INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM AN ACTUAL VISUA L 3
101+REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON AND FALSELY DEPICTS THE PERSON W ITH HIS OR 4
102+HER INTIMATE PARTS E XPOSED OR ENGAGED IN SEXUAL ACTIVITY . 5
58103
59- SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 6
60-That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 7
104+ (C) IN ADDITION TO OTHER RELIEF, THE COURT MAY AWARD R EASONABLE 6
105+ATTORNEY’S FEES TO A PREVAILING PLAI NTIFF. 7
61106
62-Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 8
107+Article – Criminal Law 8
63108
64-3–505. 9
109+3–809. 9
65110
66- (A) (1) IN THIS SECTION THE F OLLOWING WORDS HAVE THE MEANINGS 10
67-INDICATED. 11
111+ (a) (1) In this section the following words have the meanings indicated. 10
68112
69- (2) “COMPUTER–GENERATED VISUAL REP RESENTATION ” INCLUDES: 12
113+ (2) “COMPUTER–GENERATED VISUAL REP RESENTATION ” INCLUDES: 11
70114
71- (I) A VISUAL REPRESENTATIO N CREATED WITHOUT US ING 13
72-OTHER EXISTING VISUA L REPRESENTATIONS OF A PERSON; AND 14
115+ (I) A VISUAL REPRESENTATIO N CREATED WITHOUT US ING 12
116+OTHER EXISTING VISUA L REPRESENTATIONS OF A PERSON; AND 13
73117
74- (II) A VISUAL REPRESENTATIO N CREATED USING OTHE R 15
75-EXISTING VISUAL REPRESENTATION S OF A PERSON WITHOU T THE PERSON ’S 16
76-CONSENT. 17
118+ (II) A VISUAL REPRESENTATIO N CREAT ED USING OTHER 14
119+EXISTING VISUAL REPR ESENTATIONS OF A PER SON WITHOUT THE PERS ON’S 15
120+CONSENT. 16
77121
78- (3) “DISTRIBUTE” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 18
79-CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 19
122+ (3) “Distribute” means to give, sell, transfer, disseminate, publish, upload, 17
123+circulate, broadcast, make available, allow access to, or engage in any other form of 18
124+transmission, electronic or otherwise. 19
80125
81- (4) (I) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M AN ACTUAL VISUAL 20
82-REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON” MEANS THAT AN ORDINA RY PERSON WOULD 21
83-CONCLUDE THAT THE VI SUAL REPRESENTATION IS AN ACTUAL VISUAL 22
84-REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON. 23
126+ [(3)] (4) “Harm” means: 20
85127
86- (II) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M AN ACTUAL VISUAL 24
87-REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON” INCLUDES A COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL 25
88-REPRESENTATION THAT HAS BEEN CREATED , ADAPTED, OR MODIFIED TO APPEA R 26
89-GENUINE. 27
128+ (i) physical injury; 21
90129
91- (III) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M AN ACTUAL VISUAL 28
92-REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON” DOES NOT INCLUDE IMA GES OR ITEMS 29
93-DEPICTING A PERSON T HAT ARE: 30
130+ (ii) serious emotional distress; or 22
94131
95- 1. DRAWINGS; 31
96- SENATE BILL 360 3
132+ (iii) economic damages. 23
97133
134+ (5) (I) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M ANOTHER ACTUAL AND 24
135+IDENTIFIABLE PERSON ” MEANS THAT AN ORDINA RY PERSON WOULD CONCLUD E 25
136+THAT THE VISUAL REPR ESENTATION IS OF AN ACTUAL AND IDENTIFIA BLE PERSON. 26
98137
99- 2. CARTOONS; 1
100-
101- 3. SCULPTURES; OR 2
102-
103- 4. PAINTINGS. 3
104-
105- (5) “INTIMATE PARTS ” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 4
106-CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 5
107-
108- (6) “SEXUAL ACTIVITY” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 6
109-CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 7
110-
111- (B) A PERSON MAY BRING AND MAINTAIN A CIVIL ACT ION FOR DEFAMATION 8
112-PER SE AGAINST ANOTHER WHO DISTRIBUTES A CO MPUTER–GENERATED VISUAL 9
113-REPRESENTATION THAT IS INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM AN ACTUAL VISUA L 10
114-REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON AND FALSELY DEPICTS THE PERSON W ITH HIS OR 11
115-HER INTIMATE PARTS E XPOSED OR ENGAGED IN SEXUAL ACTIVITY . 12
116-
117- (C) IN ADDITION TO OTHER RELIEF, THE COURT MAY AWARD REASONABLE 13
118-ATTORNEY’S FEES TO A PREVAILI NG PLAINTIFF. 14
119-
120-Article – Criminal Law 15
121-
122-3–809. 16
123-
124- (a) (1) In this section the following words have the meanings indicated. 17
125-
126- (2) “COMPUTER–GENERATED VISUAL REPRESENTATION ” INCLUDES: 18
127-
128- (I) A VISUAL REPRESENTAT ION CREATED WITHOUT USING 19
129-OTHER EXISTING VISUA L REPRESENTATIONS OF A PERSON; AND 20
130-
131- (II) A VISUAL REPRESENTAT ION CREATED USING OT HER 21
132-EXISTING VISUAL REPR ESENTATIONS OF A PER SON WITHOUT THE PERS ON’S 22
133-CONSENT. 23
134-
135- (3) (2) “Distribute” means to give, sell, transfer, disseminate, publish, 24
136-upload, circulate, broadcast, make available, allow access to, or engage in any other form 25
137-of transmission, electronic or otherwise. 26
138-
139- [(3)] (4) “Harm” means: 27
140-
141- (i) physical injury; 28
142-
143- (ii) serious emotional distress; or 29 4 SENATE BILL 360
138+ (II) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M ANOTHER ACTUAL AND 27
139+IDENTIFIABLE PERSON ” INCLUDES A COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL 28
140+REPRESENTATION THAT HAS BEEN CREATED , ADAPTED, OR MODIFIED TO APPEAR 29
141+AS AN ACTUAL AND IDE NTIFIABLE PERSON . 30 4 SENATE BILL 360
144142
145143
146144
147- (iii) economic damages. 1
145+ (III) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M ANOTHER ACTUAL AND 1
146+IDENTIFIABLE PERSON ” DOES NOT INCLUDE VIS UAL REPRESENTATIONS OR ITEMS 2
147+DEPICTING A PERSON T HAT ARE: 3
148148
149- (5) (I) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M ANOTHER ACTUAL AND 2
150-IDENTIFIABLE PERSON ” MEANS THAT AN ORDINA RY PERSON WOULD CONC LUDE 3
151-THAT THE VISUAL REPR ESENTATION IS OF AN ACTUAL AND IDENTIFIABLE PERSON . 4
149+ 1. DRAWINGS; 4
152150
153- (II) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M ANOTHER ACTUAL AND 5
154-IDENTIFIABLE PERSON ” INCLUDES A COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL 6
155-REPRESENTATION THAT HAS BEEN CREATED , ADAPTED, OR MODIFIED TO APPEA R 7
156-AS AN ACTUAL AND IDE NTIFIABLE PERSON . 8
151+ 2. CARTOONS; 5
157152
158- (III) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M ANOTHER ACTUAL AND 9
159-IDENTIFIABLE PERSON ” DOES NOT INCLUDE VIS UAL REPRESENTATIONS OR ITEMS 10
160-DEPICTING A PERSON T HAT ARE: 11
153+ 3. SCULPTURES ; OR 6
161154
162- 1. DRAWINGS; 12
155+ 4. PAINTINGS. 7
163156
164- 2. CARTOONS; 13
157+ [(4)] (6) “Intimate parts” means the naked genitals, pubic area, buttocks, 8
158+or female nipple. 9
165159
166- 3. SCULPTURES ; OR 14
160+ [(5)] (7) “Sexual activity” means: 10
167161
168- 4. PAINTINGS. 15
162+ (i) sexual intercourse, including genital–genital, oral–genital, 11
163+anal–genital, or oral–anal; 12
169164
170- [(4)] (6) “Intimate parts” means the naked genitals, pubic area, buttocks, 16
171-or female nipple. 17
165+ (ii) masturbation; or 13
172166
173- [(5)] (7) “Sexual activity” means: 18
167+ (iii) sadomasochistic abuse. 14
174168
175- (i) sexual intercourse, including genital–genital, oral–genital, 19
176-anal–genital, or oral–anal; 20
169+ (b) (1) This section does not apply to: 15
177170
178- (ii) masturbation; or 21
171+ (i) lawful and common practices of law enforcement, the reporting 16
172+of unlawful conduct, or legal proceedings; or 17
179173
180- (iii) sadomasochistic abuse. 22
174+ (ii) situations involving voluntary exposure in public or commercial 18
175+settings. 19
181176
182- (6) (I) “VISUAL REPRESENTATION ” OF AN IDENTIFIABLE P ERSON 23
183-MEANS: 24
177+ (2) An interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230(f)(2), is 20
178+not liable under this section for content provided by another person. 21
184179
185- 1. AN UNALTERED IMAGE O F THE PERSON; OR 25
180+ (c) (1) A person may not knowingly distribute a visual representation of 22
181+another identifiable person that displays the other person with his or her intimate parts 23
182+exposed or while engaged in an act of sexual activity: 24
186183
187- 2. AN IMAGE CREATED WIT H OR WITHOUT USING O THER 26
188-EXISTING DEPICTIONS OF THE PERSON THAT I S INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM THE 27
189-PERSON, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF AN OR DINARY PERSON . 28
184+ [(1)] (I) with the intent to harm, harass, intimidate, threaten, or coerce 25
185+the other person; 26
186+
187+ [(2) (i)] (II) 1. under circumstances in which the person knew that 27
188+the other person did not consent to the distribution; or 28
190189 SENATE BILL 360 5
191190
192191
193- (II) “VISUAL REPRESENTATION ” INCLUDES A 1
194-COMPUTER–GENERATED IMAGE . 2
192+ [(ii)] 2. with reckless disregard as to whether the person 1
193+consented to the distribution; and 2
195194
196- (III) “VISUAL REPRESENTATION ” DOES NOT INCLUDE AN IMAGE 3
197-OR DEPICTION THAT IS : 4
195+ [(3)] (III) under circumstances in which the other person had a reasonable 3
196+expectation that the image would remain private. 4
198197
199- 1. A DRAWING; 5
198+ (2) A PERSON MAY NOT KNOWI NGLY DISTRIBUTE A 5
199+COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL REP RESENTATION THAT IS INDISTINGUISHABLE 6
200+FROM ANOTHER ACTUAL AND IDENTIFIAB LE PERSON THAT DISPL AYS THE OTHER 7
201+PERSON WITH HIS OR H ER INTIMATE PARTS EX POSED OR WHILE ENGAG ED IN AN ACT 8
202+OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY : 9
200203
201- 2. A CARTOON; 6
204+ (I) WITH THE INTENT TO H ARM, HARASS, INTIMIDATE, 10
205+THREATEN, OR COERCE THE OTHER PERSON; AND 11
202206
203- 3. A SCULPTURE; OR 7
207+ (II) 1. UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH THE PERSON 12
208+KNEW THAT THE OTHER PERSON DID NOT CONSE NT TO THE DISTRIBUTI ON; OR 13
204209
205- 4. A PAINTING. 8
210+ 2. WITH RECKLESS DISREG ARD AS TO WHETHER TH E 14
211+PERSON CONSENTED TO THE DISTRIBUTION . 15
206212
207- (b) (1) This section does not apply to: 9
213+ (d) A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction 16
214+is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both. 17
208215
209- (i) lawful and common practices of law enforcement, the reporting 10
210-of unlawful conduct, or legal proceedings; or 11
216+ (e) A person who violates this section is subject to § 5–106(b) of the Courts Article. 18
211217
212- (ii) situations involving voluntary exposure in public or commercial 12
213-settings. 13
214-
215- (2) An interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230(f)(2), is 14
216-not liable under this section for content provided by another person. 15
217-
218- (c) (1) A person may not knowingly distribute a visual representation of 16
219-another identifiable person that displays the other person with his or her intimate parts 17
220-exposed or while engaged in an act of sexual activity: 18
221-
222- [(1)] (I) with the intent to harm, harass, intimidate, threaten, or coerce 19
223-the other person; 20
224-
225- [(2) (i)] (II) 1. under circumstances in which the person knew that 21
226-the other person did not consent to the distribution; or 22
227-
228- [(ii)] 2. with reckless disregard as to whether the person 23
229-consented to the distribution; and 24
230-
231- [(3)] (III) under circumstances in which the other person had a reasonable 25
232-expectation that the image would remain private. 26
233-
234- (2) A PERSON MAY NOT KNOWI NGLY DISTRIBUTE A 27
235-COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL REP RESENTATION THAT IS INDISTINGUISHABLE 28
236-FROM ANOTHER ACTUAL AND IDENTIFIABLE PER SON THAT DISPLAYS TH E OTHER 29 6 SENATE BILL 360
237-
238-
239-PERSON WITH HIS OR H ER INTIMATE PARTS EX POSED OR WHILE ENGAG ED IN AN ACT 1
240-OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY : 2
241-
242- (I) WITH THE INTENT TO H ARM, HARASS, INTIMIDATE, 3
243-THREATEN, OR COERCE THE OTHER PERSON ; AND 4
244-
245- (II) 1. UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH THE PERSON 5
246-KNEW THAT THE OTHER PERSON DID NOT CONSE NT TO THE DISTRIBUTI ON; OR 6
247-
248- 2. WITH RECKLESS DISREG ARD AS TO WHETHER TH E 7
249-PERSON CONSENTED TO THE DISTRIBUTION . 8
250-
251- (d) A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction 9
252-is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both. 10
253-
254- (e) A person who violates this section is subject to § 5–106(b) of the Courts Article. 11
255-
256- (f) (1) A PERSON WHOSE VISUAL REPRESE NTATION WAS DISTRIBU TED IN 12
257-VIOLATION OF THIS SE CTION HAS A CIVIL CA USE OF ACTION FOR DE FAMATION PER 13
258-SE OR INVASION OF PR IVACY AGAINST ANY PE RSON WHO DISTRIBUTED THE VISUAL 14
259-REPRESENTATION . 15
260-
261- (2) IN ADDITION TO OTHER RELIEF, THE COURT MAY AWARD 16
262-REASONABLE ATTORNEY ’S FEES TO A PREVAILI NG PLAINTIFF UNDER T HIS 17
263-SUBSECTION. 18
264-
265- (G) A visual representation AND A COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL 19
218+ (f) A visual representation AND A COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL 19
266219 REPRESENTATION of a victim that is part of a court record for a case arising from a 20
267220 prosecution under this section: 21
268221
269222 (1) subject to item (2) of this subsection, may not be made available for 22
270223 public inspection; and 23
271224
272225 (2) except as otherwise ordered by the court, may only be made available 24
273-for inspection in relation to a criminal charge OR CIVIL ACTION under this section to: 25
226+for inspection in relation to a criminal charge under this section to: 25
274227
275228 (i) court personnel; 26
276229
277230 (ii) a jury in a criminal case brought under this section; 27
278231
279232 (iii) the State’s Attorney or the State’s Attorney’s designee; 28
280233
281234 (iv) the Attorney General or the Attorney General’s designee; 29
282235
283- (v) a law enforcement officer; 30 SENATE BILL 360 7
236+ (v) a law enforcement officer; 30 6 SENATE BILL 360
284237
285238
286239
287- (vi) THE PLAINTIFF OR THE PLAINTIFF’S ATTORNEY; 1
240+ (vi) the defendant or the defendant’s attorney; or 1
288241
289- (VII) the defendant or the defendant’s attorney; or 2
242+ (vii) the victim or the victim’s attorney. 2
290243
291- (vii) (VIII) the victim or the victim’s attorney. 3
244+ SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That, if any provision of this Act or 3
245+the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid for any reason in a 4
246+court of competent jurisdiction, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or any other 5
247+application of this Act that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, 6
248+and for this purpose the provisions of this Act are declared severable. 7
292249
293- SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That, if any provision of this Act or 4
294-the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid for any reason in a 5
295-court of competent jurisdiction, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or any other 6
296-application of this Act that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, 7
297-and for this purpose the provisions of this Act are declared severable. 8
298-
299- SECTION 3. 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect 9
300-July 1, 2025. 10
250+ SECTION 3. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect July 8
251+1, 2025. 9
301252
302253
303254
304255
305256 Approved:
306257 ________________________________________________________________________________
307258 Governor.
308259 ________________________________________________________________________________
309260 President of the Senate.
310261 ________________________________________________________________________________
311262 Speaker of the House of Delegates.