12 | | - | D3 (5lr0837) |
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13 | | - | ENROLLED BILL |
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14 | | - | — Judicial Proceedings/Judiciary — |
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15 | | - | Introduced by Senators Hester and Smith |
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16 | | - | |
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17 | | - | Read and Examined by Proofreaders: |
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18 | | - | |
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19 | | - | _______________________________________________ |
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20 | | - | Proofreader. |
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21 | | - | _______________________________________________ |
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22 | | - | Proofreader. |
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23 | | - | |
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24 | | - | Sealed with the Great Seal and presented to the Governor, for his approval this |
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25 | | - | |
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26 | | - | _______ day of _______________ at _________________ _______ o’clock, ________M. |
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27 | | - | |
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28 | | - | ______________________________________________ |
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29 | | - | President. |
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| 11 | + | D3 5lr0837 |
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| 12 | + | SB 858/24 – JPR |
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| 13 | + | By: Senators Hester and Smith |
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| 14 | + | Introduced and read first time: January 17, 2025 |
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| 15 | + | Assigned to: Judicial Proceedings |
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| 16 | + | Committee Report: Favorable |
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| 17 | + | Senate action: Adopted |
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| 18 | + | Read second time: February 21, 2025 |
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38 | | - | FOR the purpose of authorizing a person to bring and maintain a civil action for defamation 4 |
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39 | | - | under certain circumstances; prohibiting a person from knowingly distributing a 5 |
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40 | | - | certain computer–generated visual representation of another under certain 6 |
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41 | | - | circumstances defining the term “visual representation” as it relates to the crime of 7 |
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42 | | - | revenge porn; authorizing a person to bring a certain civil action for revenge porn; 8 |
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43 | | - | and generally relating to a civil action and criminal offense for revenge porn. 9 |
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| 26 | + | FOR the purpose of authorizing a person to bring and maintain a civil action for defamation 3 |
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| 27 | + | under certain circumstances; prohibiting a person from knowingly distributing a 4 |
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| 28 | + | certain computer–generated visual representation of another under certain 5 |
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| 29 | + | circumstances; and generally relating to a civil action and criminal offense for 6 |
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| 30 | + | revenge porn. 7 |
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45 | | - | BY adding to 10 |
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46 | | - | Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 11 |
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47 | | - | Section 3–505 12 |
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48 | | - | Annotated Code of Maryland 13 |
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49 | | - | (2020 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 14 2 SENATE BILL 360 |
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| 32 | + | BY adding to 8 |
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| 33 | + | Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 9 |
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| 34 | + | Section 3–505 10 |
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| 35 | + | Annotated Code of Maryland 11 |
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| 36 | + | (2020 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 12 |
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| 37 | + | |
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| 38 | + | BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 13 |
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| 39 | + | Article – Criminal Law 14 |
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| 40 | + | Section 3–809 15 |
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| 41 | + | Annotated Code of Maryland 16 |
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| 42 | + | (2021 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 17 |
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| 43 | + | |
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| 44 | + | SECTION 1. BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF MARYLAND, 18 |
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| 45 | + | That the Laws of Maryland read as follows: 19 |
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| 46 | + | |
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| 47 | + | Article – Courts and Judicial Proceedings 20 |
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| 48 | + | 2 SENATE BILL 360 |
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| 49 | + | |
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| 50 | + | |
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| 51 | + | 3–505. 1 |
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| 52 | + | |
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| 53 | + | (A) (1) IN THIS SECTION THE FOLLOWIN G WORDS HAVE THE MEA NINGS 2 |
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| 54 | + | INDICATED. 3 |
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| 55 | + | |
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| 56 | + | (2) “COMPUTER–GENERATED VISUAL REP RESENTATION ” INCLUDES: 4 |
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| 57 | + | |
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| 58 | + | (I) A VISUAL REPRESENTATIO N CREATED WITHOUT US ING 5 |
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| 59 | + | OTHER EXISTING VISUA L REPRESENTATIONS OF A PERSON; AND 6 |
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| 60 | + | |
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| 61 | + | (II) A VISUAL REPRESENTATIO N CREAT ED USING OTHER 7 |
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| 62 | + | EXISTING VISUAL REPR ESENTATIONS OF A PER SON WITHOUT THE PERS ON’S 8 |
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| 63 | + | CONSENT. 9 |
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| 64 | + | |
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| 65 | + | (3) “DISTRIBUTE” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 10 |
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| 66 | + | CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 11 |
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| 67 | + | |
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| 68 | + | (4) (I) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M AN ACTUAL VISUAL 12 |
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| 69 | + | REPRESENTATION OF THE PE RSON” MEANS THAT AN ORDINA RY PERSON WOULD 13 |
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| 70 | + | CONCLUDE THAT THE VI SUAL REPRESENTATION IS AN ACTUAL VISUAL 14 |
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| 71 | + | REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON. 15 |
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| 72 | + | |
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| 73 | + | (II) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M AN ACTUAL VISUAL 16 |
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| 74 | + | REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON” INCLUDES A COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL 17 |
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| 75 | + | REPRESENTATION THAT HAS BEEN CREATED , ADAPTED, OR MODIFIED TO APPEA R 18 |
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| 76 | + | GENUINE. 19 |
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| 77 | + | |
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| 78 | + | (III) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M AN ACTUAL VISUAL 20 |
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| 79 | + | REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON” DOES NOT INCLUDE IMA GES OR ITEMS 21 |
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| 80 | + | DEPICTING A PERSON T HAT ARE: 22 |
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| 81 | + | |
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| 82 | + | 1. DRAWINGS; 23 |
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| 83 | + | |
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| 84 | + | 2. CARTOONS; 24 |
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| 85 | + | |
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| 86 | + | 3. SCULPTURES; OR 25 |
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| 87 | + | |
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| 88 | + | 4. PAINTINGS. 26 |
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| 89 | + | |
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| 90 | + | (5) “INTIMATE PARTS ” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 27 |
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| 91 | + | CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 28 |
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| 92 | + | |
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| 93 | + | (6) “SEXUAL ACTIVITY” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 29 |
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| 94 | + | CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 30 SENATE BILL 360 3 |
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53 | | - | BY repealing and reenacting, with amendments, 1 |
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54 | | - | Article – Criminal Law 2 |
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55 | | - | Section 3–809 3 |
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56 | | - | Annotated Code of Maryland 4 |
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57 | | - | (2021 Replacement Volume and 2024 Supplement) 5 |
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| 98 | + | (B) A PERSON MAY BRING AND MAINTAIN A CIVIL ACT ION FOR DEFAMATION 1 |
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| 99 | + | PER SE AGAINST ANOTH ER WHO DISTRIBUTES A COMPUTER–GENERATED VISUAL 2 |
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| 100 | + | REPRESENTATION THAT IS INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM AN ACTUAL VISUA L 3 |
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| 101 | + | REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON AND FALSELY DEPICTS THE PERSON W ITH HIS OR 4 |
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| 102 | + | HER INTIMATE PARTS E XPOSED OR ENGAGED IN SEXUAL ACTIVITY . 5 |
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78 | | - | (3) “DISTRIBUTE” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 18 |
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79 | | - | CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 19 |
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| 122 | + | (3) “Distribute” means to give, sell, transfer, disseminate, publish, upload, 17 |
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| 123 | + | circulate, broadcast, make available, allow access to, or engage in any other form of 18 |
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| 124 | + | transmission, electronic or otherwise. 19 |
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99 | | - | 2. CARTOONS; 1 |
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100 | | - | |
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101 | | - | 3. SCULPTURES; OR 2 |
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102 | | - | |
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103 | | - | 4. PAINTINGS. 3 |
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104 | | - | |
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105 | | - | (5) “INTIMATE PARTS ” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 4 |
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106 | | - | CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 5 |
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107 | | - | |
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108 | | - | (6) “SEXUAL ACTIVITY” HAS THE MEANING STAT ED IN § 3–809 OF THE 6 |
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109 | | - | CRIMINAL LAW ARTICLE. 7 |
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110 | | - | |
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111 | | - | (B) A PERSON MAY BRING AND MAINTAIN A CIVIL ACT ION FOR DEFAMATION 8 |
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112 | | - | PER SE AGAINST ANOTHER WHO DISTRIBUTES A CO MPUTER–GENERATED VISUAL 9 |
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113 | | - | REPRESENTATION THAT IS INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM AN ACTUAL VISUA L 10 |
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114 | | - | REPRESENTATION OF TH E PERSON AND FALSELY DEPICTS THE PERSON W ITH HIS OR 11 |
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115 | | - | HER INTIMATE PARTS E XPOSED OR ENGAGED IN SEXUAL ACTIVITY . 12 |
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116 | | - | |
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117 | | - | (C) IN ADDITION TO OTHER RELIEF, THE COURT MAY AWARD REASONABLE 13 |
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118 | | - | ATTORNEY’S FEES TO A PREVAILI NG PLAINTIFF. 14 |
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119 | | - | |
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120 | | - | Article – Criminal Law 15 |
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121 | | - | |
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122 | | - | 3–809. 16 |
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123 | | - | |
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124 | | - | (a) (1) In this section the following words have the meanings indicated. 17 |
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125 | | - | |
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126 | | - | (2) “COMPUTER–GENERATED VISUAL REPRESENTATION ” INCLUDES: 18 |
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127 | | - | |
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128 | | - | (I) A VISUAL REPRESENTAT ION CREATED WITHOUT USING 19 |
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129 | | - | OTHER EXISTING VISUA L REPRESENTATIONS OF A PERSON; AND 20 |
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130 | | - | |
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131 | | - | (II) A VISUAL REPRESENTAT ION CREATED USING OT HER 21 |
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132 | | - | EXISTING VISUAL REPR ESENTATIONS OF A PER SON WITHOUT THE PERS ON’S 22 |
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133 | | - | CONSENT. 23 |
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134 | | - | |
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135 | | - | (3) (2) “Distribute” means to give, sell, transfer, disseminate, publish, 24 |
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136 | | - | upload, circulate, broadcast, make available, allow access to, or engage in any other form 25 |
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137 | | - | of transmission, electronic or otherwise. 26 |
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138 | | - | |
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139 | | - | [(3)] (4) “Harm” means: 27 |
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140 | | - | |
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141 | | - | (i) physical injury; 28 |
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142 | | - | |
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143 | | - | (ii) serious emotional distress; or 29 4 SENATE BILL 360 |
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| 138 | + | (II) “INDISTINGUISHABLE FRO M ANOTHER ACTUAL AND 27 |
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| 139 | + | IDENTIFIABLE PERSON ” INCLUDES A COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL 28 |
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| 140 | + | REPRESENTATION THAT HAS BEEN CREATED , ADAPTED, OR MODIFIED TO APPEAR 29 |
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| 141 | + | AS AN ACTUAL AND IDE NTIFIABLE PERSON . 30 4 SENATE BILL 360 |
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187 | | - | 2. AN IMAGE CREATED WIT H OR WITHOUT USING O THER 26 |
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188 | | - | EXISTING DEPICTIONS OF THE PERSON THAT I S INDISTINGUISHABLE FROM THE 27 |
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189 | | - | PERSON, FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF AN OR DINARY PERSON . 28 |
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| 184 | + | [(1)] (I) with the intent to harm, harass, intimidate, threaten, or coerce 25 |
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| 185 | + | the other person; 26 |
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| 186 | + | |
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| 187 | + | [(2) (i)] (II) 1. under circumstances in which the person knew that 27 |
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| 188 | + | the other person did not consent to the distribution; or 28 |
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212 | | - | (ii) situations involving voluntary exposure in public or commercial 12 |
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213 | | - | settings. 13 |
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214 | | - | |
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215 | | - | (2) An interactive computer service, as defined in 47 U.S.C. § 230(f)(2), is 14 |
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216 | | - | not liable under this section for content provided by another person. 15 |
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217 | | - | |
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218 | | - | (c) (1) A person may not knowingly distribute a visual representation of 16 |
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219 | | - | another identifiable person that displays the other person with his or her intimate parts 17 |
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220 | | - | exposed or while engaged in an act of sexual activity: 18 |
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221 | | - | |
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222 | | - | [(1)] (I) with the intent to harm, harass, intimidate, threaten, or coerce 19 |
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223 | | - | the other person; 20 |
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224 | | - | |
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225 | | - | [(2) (i)] (II) 1. under circumstances in which the person knew that 21 |
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226 | | - | the other person did not consent to the distribution; or 22 |
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227 | | - | |
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228 | | - | [(ii)] 2. with reckless disregard as to whether the person 23 |
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229 | | - | consented to the distribution; and 24 |
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230 | | - | |
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231 | | - | [(3)] (III) under circumstances in which the other person had a reasonable 25 |
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232 | | - | expectation that the image would remain private. 26 |
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233 | | - | |
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234 | | - | (2) A PERSON MAY NOT KNOWI NGLY DISTRIBUTE A 27 |
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235 | | - | COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL REP RESENTATION THAT IS INDISTINGUISHABLE 28 |
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236 | | - | FROM ANOTHER ACTUAL AND IDENTIFIABLE PER SON THAT DISPLAYS TH E OTHER 29 6 SENATE BILL 360 |
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237 | | - | |
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238 | | - | |
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239 | | - | PERSON WITH HIS OR H ER INTIMATE PARTS EX POSED OR WHILE ENGAG ED IN AN ACT 1 |
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240 | | - | OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY : 2 |
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241 | | - | |
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242 | | - | (I) WITH THE INTENT TO H ARM, HARASS, INTIMIDATE, 3 |
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243 | | - | THREATEN, OR COERCE THE OTHER PERSON ; AND 4 |
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244 | | - | |
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245 | | - | (II) 1. UNDER CIRCUMSTANCES IN WHICH THE PERSON 5 |
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246 | | - | KNEW THAT THE OTHER PERSON DID NOT CONSE NT TO THE DISTRIBUTI ON; OR 6 |
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247 | | - | |
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248 | | - | 2. WITH RECKLESS DISREG ARD AS TO WHETHER TH E 7 |
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249 | | - | PERSON CONSENTED TO THE DISTRIBUTION . 8 |
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250 | | - | |
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251 | | - | (d) A person who violates this section is guilty of a misdemeanor and on conviction 9 |
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252 | | - | is subject to imprisonment not exceeding 2 years or a fine not exceeding $5,000 or both. 10 |
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253 | | - | |
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254 | | - | (e) A person who violates this section is subject to § 5–106(b) of the Courts Article. 11 |
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255 | | - | |
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256 | | - | (f) (1) A PERSON WHOSE VISUAL REPRESE NTATION WAS DISTRIBU TED IN 12 |
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257 | | - | VIOLATION OF THIS SE CTION HAS A CIVIL CA USE OF ACTION FOR DE FAMATION PER 13 |
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258 | | - | SE OR INVASION OF PR IVACY AGAINST ANY PE RSON WHO DISTRIBUTED THE VISUAL 14 |
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259 | | - | REPRESENTATION . 15 |
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260 | | - | |
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261 | | - | (2) IN ADDITION TO OTHER RELIEF, THE COURT MAY AWARD 16 |
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262 | | - | REASONABLE ATTORNEY ’S FEES TO A PREVAILI NG PLAINTIFF UNDER T HIS 17 |
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263 | | - | SUBSECTION. 18 |
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264 | | - | |
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265 | | - | (G) A visual representation AND A COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL 19 |
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| 218 | + | (f) A visual representation AND A COMPUTER –GENERATED VISUAL 19 |
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291 | | - | (vii) (VIII) the victim or the victim’s attorney. 3 |
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| 244 | + | SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That, if any provision of this Act or 3 |
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| 245 | + | the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid for any reason in a 4 |
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| 246 | + | court of competent jurisdiction, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or any other 5 |
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| 247 | + | application of this Act that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, 6 |
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| 248 | + | and for this purpose the provisions of this Act are declared severable. 7 |
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293 | | - | SECTION 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That, if any provision of this Act or 4 |
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294 | | - | the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid for any reason in a 5 |
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295 | | - | court of competent jurisdiction, the invalidity does not affect other provisions or any other 6 |
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296 | | - | application of this Act that can be given effect without the invalid provision or application, 7 |
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297 | | - | and for this purpose the provisions of this Act are declared severable. 8 |
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298 | | - | |
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299 | | - | SECTION 3. 2. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect 9 |
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300 | | - | July 1, 2025. 10 |
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| 250 | + | SECTION 3. AND BE IT FURTHER ENACTED, That this Act shall take effect July 8 |
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| 251 | + | 1, 2025. 9 |
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