Michigan 2023-2024 Regular Session

Michigan House Bill HB6171 Compare Versions

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11 HOUSE BILL NO. 6171 A bill to amend 1966 PA 261, entitled "An act to provide for the apportionment of county boards of commissioners; to prescribe the size of the board; to provide for appeals; to prescribe the manner of election of the members of the county board of commissioners; to provide for compensation of members; to prescribe penalties and provide remedies; and to repeal acts and parts of acts," by amending sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 (MCL 46.401, 46.402, 46.403, 46.404, 46.406, and 46.408), sections 1, 2, and 3 as amended by 2011 PA 280. the people of the state of michigan enact:
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2323 HOUSE BILL NO. 6171
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2727 A bill to amend 1966 PA 261, entitled
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2929 "An act to provide for the apportionment of county boards of commissioners; to prescribe the size of the board; to provide for appeals; to prescribe the manner of election of the members of the county board of commissioners; to provide for compensation of members; to prescribe penalties and provide remedies; and to repeal acts and parts of acts,"
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3131 by amending sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, and 8 (MCL 46.401, 46.402, 46.403, 46.404, 46.406, and 46.408), sections 1, 2, and 3 as amended by 2011 PA 280.
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3333 the people of the state of michigan enact:
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3535 1 Sec. 1. (1) Within 60 days after the publication of the latest 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 United States official decennial census figures by the United States Census Bureau, the county apportionment commission in each county of this state shall apportion the county into not less than 5 nor more than 21 county commissioner districts as nearly of equal population as is practicable and within the limitations of section 2.under this act. (2) If a county is not in compliance with section 2 on the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection, the county apportionment commission of that county shall, within 30 days of the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection, apportion the county in compliance with section 2. For subsequent apportionments in a county that is apportioned under this subsection, the county apportionment commission of that county shall comply with the provisions of subsection (1). (2) As used in this act, "major political party" means each of the 2 political parties receiving the greatest number of votes cast for the office of secretary of state in the most recent preceding general election. Sec. 2. The county apportionment commission shall use the following population ranges when determining the number of districts: County Population Number of Commissioners Under 5,00150,000 Not more than 7fewer than 5 or more than 7 5,001 50,000 to 10,000100,000 Not fewer than 7 or more than 109 10,001 100,001 to 50,000250,000 Not fewer than 9 or more than 1513 250,001 to 500,000 Not fewer than 11 or more than 15 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 Over 50,000500,001 Not fewer than 15 or more than 21 Sec. 3. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the county apportionment commission shall consist consists of the county clerk, the county treasurer, the prosecuting attorney, and the statutory county chairperson of each of the 2 major political parties, receiving the greatest number of votes cast for the office of secretary of state in the last preceding general election. and 1 additional member from each major political party chosen by the county board of commissioners from a list of 3 individuals submitted by the statutory county chairperson of each major political party. If a county does not have a statutory county chairperson of a major political party, the 2 additional members shall be a party representative from each of the 2 political parties receiving the greatest number of votes cast for the office of secretary of state in the last preceding general election and appointed by the chairperson of the state central committee for each of the political parties. In a county with a population of 1,000,000 or more that has adopted an optional unified form of county government under 1973 PA 139, MCL 45.551 to 45.573, with an elected county executive, the county apportionment commission shall be the county board of commissioners. The clerk shall convene the apportionment commission and they shall adopt their rules of procedure. A majority of the members of the apportionment commission shall be a quorum sufficient to conduct its business. chairperson of the major political party's state central committee shall appoint a statutory county chairperson to perform the duties required under this act. The county clerk shall convene the county apportionment commission, and the commission shall adopt rules of 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 procedure. A majority of the members of the commission is a quorum sufficient to conduct the commission's business. All action of the county apportionment commission shall must be by majority vote of the commission. (2) If the apportionment of a county into county commissioner districts is not finalized within the 60-day time limit under section 1, a panel of 3 judges who are selected as provided in this subsection shall apportion the county into county commissioner districts. Five judges from the court of appeals in this state must be randomly selected. The statutory county chairperson of each of the 2 major political parties shall each strike 1 of the 5 selected judges, and the remaining 3 judges constitute the panel under this subsection. When apportioning a county into county commissioner districts, the panel of 3 judges must follow the guidelines under section 4. (3) (2) The business which that the county apportionment commission may perform shall be conducted at a public meeting held in compliance with the open meetings act, 1976 PA 267, MCL 15.261 to 15.275. Public notice of the time, date, and place of the meeting shall be given in the manner required by the open meetings act, 1976 PA 267, MCL 15.261 to 15.275.Except for a meeting or part of a meeting held in closed session, a meeting of the county apportionment commission must be transcribed or video recorded with sound and picture and be made available to the public. (4) (3) A writing prepared, owned, used, in the possession of, or retained by the county apportionment commission in the performance of an official function shall or the commission's members, staff, or consultants related to the work of the commission must be made available to the public in compliance with 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 the freedom of information act, 1976 PA 442, MCL 15.231 to 15.246. (5) If the county apportionment commission is for a county with a population greater than 250,000, the commission shall hold at least 3 public hearings to inform the public about the apportionment process and standards before preparing, considering, or adopting an apportionment plan. The hearings must be held on 3 different dates at 3 different locations within the county. (6) A county apportionment committee shall not adopt an apportionment plan at the meeting in which the plan was proposed. Subject to subsection (5), before a proposed apportionment plan may be adopted, the proposed apportionment plan must be published for public review and available to the public for at least 7 days after the plan was proposed. Sec. 4. (1) In apportioning the county into commissioner districts, the county apportionment commission shall be is governed by the following guidelines in the stated order of importance so that higher ranked guidelines must be satisfied before lower ranked guidelines may be considered: (a) The plan and all districts must follow all applicable federal laws, including, but not limited to, the voting rights act of 1965, Public Law 89-110. (b) (a) All districts shall must be single-member districts and as nearly of equal population as is practicable. contiguous by land. An island is considered contiguous to the city or township of which the island is a part. If an island constitutes its own city or township, the island is considered contiguous to the nearest city or township. Areas that meet only at the points of adjoining corners are not contiguous. (c) A district's population must not exceed a 5% deviation 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 from the target population, and the difference in population between the most and least populous districts must not exceed 10% of the target population. The latest official published figures of the United States official census shall be used in this determination, except that in cases requiring division of official census units to meet the population standard, an actual population count may be used to make such division. Other governmental census figures of total population may be used if taken subsequent to the last decennial United States census and the United States census figures are not adequate for the purposes of this act. The secretary of state shall furnish to each county apportionment commission the latest official published figures to the county apportionment commissions forthwith upon this act taking effect, and within no later than 15 days after publication of subsequent by the United States official census figures.A contract may be entered into with the United States census bureau to make any special census if the latest United States decennial census figures are not adequate.Census Bureau. As used in this subsection, "target population" means the sum of the individuals counted in the United States Census for the county divided by the total number of districts in the county. (b) All districts shall be contiguous. (c) All districts shall be as compact and of as nearly square shape as is practicable, depending on the geography of the county area involved. (d) No township or part thereof shall be combined with any city or part thereof for a single district, unless such combination is needed to meet the population standard. (e) Townships, villages and cities shall be divided only if 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 necessary to meet the population standard. (f) Precincts shall be divided only if necessary to meet the population standard. (g) Residents of state institutions who cannot by law register in the county as electors shall be excluded from any consideration of representation. (h) Districts shall not be drawn to effect partisan political advantage. (d) The apportionment of a county into commissioner districts must not provide a partisan advantage to any major political party. If the county apportionment commission determines that it is not possible to apportion the county into commissioner districts without providing a partisan advantage to any political party, the county apportionment commission shall apportion the county into commissioner districts in such a way as to provide the least degree possible of partisan advantage without violating subdivision (a), (b), or (c). (e) All districts must not be drawn to favor an incumbent elected official or candidate. (f) The commission may consider the compactness of districts and the boundaries of cities and townships in preparing districts. (2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3), partisan advantage must be determined in the following manner: (a) The difference between the actual number of minority party districts and the target number of minority party districts must not exceed 1. (b) The proportional number of minority party districts must be determined by multiplying the minority party vote share in the county by the number of districts in the county and must be rounded 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 to the nearest whole number. (c) If at least 1 member of the county apportionment commission demonstrates that it is possible to draw the proportional number of minority party districts while complying with the higher ranked criteria, the target number of minority party districts is equal to the proportional number of minority districts. If no member demonstrates that it is possible to draw the proportional number of minority party districts while complying with the higher ranked criteria, the target number of minority party districts is the maximum number of demonstrably possible minority party districts that comply with the higher ranked criteria. (3) In a county where the proportionality criterion results in an apportionment plan that gives a major political party a 1- or 2-seat majority, partisan advantage must be determined by the mean-median difference. The apportionment plan resulting in a mean-median difference with an absolute value closest to zero is the best map under this criterion. (4) The mean-median difference under subsection (3) must be calculated in the following manner: (a) Sum the votes cast for each major political party's candidate for state board of education within each district for the 2 most recent general elections in which county commissioners were elected, excluding special elections for partial terms. (b) Find the district-level vote share in each district by dividing the total votes cast for candidates of 1 major political party in the district by the summed votes for both major political parties in the district. (c) Calculate the mean of the district-level vote share by 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 summing the district-level vote shares for all districts in the county and dividing by the number of districts in the county. The district-level vote share must be calculated in the following manner: (i) First, sort the district vote shares from lowest to highest. (ii) If the number of districts is odd, the median is the vote share of the middle district. (iii) If the number of districts is even, the median is the average of the 2 middle district vote shares. (d) Subtract the mean from the median. (5) As used in this section: (a) "Minority party" means the major political party receiving the second highest number of total votes cast for the party's candidates for state board of education in the 2 most recent general elections in which county commissioners were elected, excluding any special elections for partial terms. (b) "Minority party district" means a district in which total number of votes cast for the minority party's candidates for state board of education in the 2 most recent general elections in which county commissioners were elected, excluding any special elections for partial terms, exceeds the total number of votes cast for the other major political party's candidates in the same elections. Sec. 6. (1) Any registered voter of the county within 30 days after the filing of the plan for his the registered voter's county may petition the court of appeals to review such the plan to determine if the plan meets the requirements of the laws of this state. this act. Any findings decisions of the court of appeals may be appealed to the supreme court of the this state. as provided by 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 law. (2) A reviewing court shall review de novo the following county apportionment commission actions and decisions: (a) The decisions as to how many districts a county has under section 2. (b) Compliance with section 3. (c) The adopted plan's compliance with section 4. (3) The county apportionment commission has the burden of proof on the issues to be considered under subsection (2). (4) Except for federal court decisions concerning questions of federal law, a reviewing court shall not use or apply any standard of review, test, or analysis taken from, based on, or derived from a judicial decision made before the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection. Sec. 8. Once an apportionment plan has been found constitutional and adopted according to the provisions of this act and all appeals have been exhausted, or if no appeal is taken, when the time for appeal has expired, that plan shall be is the official apportionment plan for the county until the next United States official decennial census figures by the United States Census Bureau are available.
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9999 United States official decennial census figures by the United States Census Bureau, the county apportionment commission in each county of this state shall apportion the county into not less than 5 nor more than 21 county commissioner districts as nearly of equal population as is practicable and within the limitations of section 2.under this act.
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101101 (2) If a county is not in compliance with section 2 on the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection, the county apportionment commission of that county shall, within 30 days of the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection, apportion the county in compliance with section 2. For subsequent apportionments in a county that is apportioned under this subsection, the county apportionment commission of that county shall comply with the provisions of subsection (1).
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103103 (2) As used in this act, "major political party" means each of the 2 political parties receiving the greatest number of votes cast for the office of secretary of state in the most recent preceding general election.
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105105 Sec. 2. The county apportionment commission shall use the following population ranges when determining the number of districts:
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107107 County Population Number of Commissioners
108108 Under 5,00150,000 Not more than 7fewer than 5 or more than 7
109109 5,001 50,000 to 10,000100,000 Not fewer than 7 or more than 109
110110 10,001 100,001 to 50,000250,000 Not fewer than 9 or more than 1513
111111 250,001 to 500,000 Not fewer than 11 or more than 15
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113113 County Population
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129129 250,001 to 500,000
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202202 Sec. 3. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, the county apportionment commission shall consist consists of the county clerk, the county treasurer, the prosecuting attorney, and the statutory county chairperson of each of the 2 major political parties, receiving the greatest number of votes cast for the office of secretary of state in the last preceding general election. and 1 additional member from each major political party chosen by the county board of commissioners from a list of 3 individuals submitted by the statutory county chairperson of each major political party. If a county does not have a statutory county chairperson of a major political party, the 2 additional members shall be a party representative from each of the 2 political parties receiving the greatest number of votes cast for the office of secretary of state in the last preceding general election and appointed by the chairperson of the state central committee for each of the political parties. In a county with a population of 1,000,000 or more that has adopted an optional unified form of county government under 1973 PA 139, MCL 45.551 to 45.573, with an elected county executive, the county apportionment commission shall be the county board of commissioners. The clerk shall convene the apportionment commission and they shall adopt their rules of procedure. A majority of the members of the apportionment commission shall be a quorum sufficient to conduct its business. chairperson of the major political party's state central committee shall appoint a statutory county chairperson to perform the duties required under this act. The county clerk shall convene the county apportionment commission, and the commission shall adopt rules of
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262262 procedure. A majority of the members of the commission is a quorum sufficient to conduct the commission's business. All action of the county apportionment commission shall must be by majority vote of the commission.
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264264 (2) If the apportionment of a county into county commissioner districts is not finalized within the 60-day time limit under section 1, a panel of 3 judges who are selected as provided in this subsection shall apportion the county into county commissioner districts. Five judges from the court of appeals in this state must be randomly selected. The statutory county chairperson of each of the 2 major political parties shall each strike 1 of the 5 selected judges, and the remaining 3 judges constitute the panel under this subsection. When apportioning a county into county commissioner districts, the panel of 3 judges must follow the guidelines under section 4.
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266266 (3) (2) The business which that the county apportionment commission may perform shall be conducted at a public meeting held in compliance with the open meetings act, 1976 PA 267, MCL 15.261 to 15.275. Public notice of the time, date, and place of the meeting shall be given in the manner required by the open meetings act, 1976 PA 267, MCL 15.261 to 15.275.Except for a meeting or part of a meeting held in closed session, a meeting of the county apportionment commission must be transcribed or video recorded with sound and picture and be made available to the public.
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268268 (4) (3) A writing prepared, owned, used, in the possession of, or retained by the county apportionment commission in the performance of an official function shall or the commission's members, staff, or consultants related to the work of the commission must be made available to the public in compliance with
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328328 the freedom of information act, 1976 PA 442, MCL 15.231 to 15.246.
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330330 (5) If the county apportionment commission is for a county with a population greater than 250,000, the commission shall hold at least 3 public hearings to inform the public about the apportionment process and standards before preparing, considering, or adopting an apportionment plan. The hearings must be held on 3 different dates at 3 different locations within the county.
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332332 (6) A county apportionment committee shall not adopt an apportionment plan at the meeting in which the plan was proposed. Subject to subsection (5), before a proposed apportionment plan may be adopted, the proposed apportionment plan must be published for public review and available to the public for at least 7 days after the plan was proposed.
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334334 Sec. 4. (1) In apportioning the county into commissioner districts, the county apportionment commission shall be is governed by the following guidelines in the stated order of importance so that higher ranked guidelines must be satisfied before lower ranked guidelines may be considered:
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336336 (a) The plan and all districts must follow all applicable federal laws, including, but not limited to, the voting rights act of 1965, Public Law 89-110.
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338338 (b) (a) All districts shall must be single-member districts and as nearly of equal population as is practicable. contiguous by land. An island is considered contiguous to the city or township of which the island is a part. If an island constitutes its own city or township, the island is considered contiguous to the nearest city or township. Areas that meet only at the points of adjoining corners are not contiguous.
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340340 (c) A district's population must not exceed a 5% deviation
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400400 from the target population, and the difference in population between the most and least populous districts must not exceed 10% of the target population. The latest official published figures of the United States official census shall be used in this determination, except that in cases requiring division of official census units to meet the population standard, an actual population count may be used to make such division. Other governmental census figures of total population may be used if taken subsequent to the last decennial United States census and the United States census figures are not adequate for the purposes of this act. The secretary of state shall furnish to each county apportionment commission the latest official published figures to the county apportionment commissions forthwith upon this act taking effect, and within no later than 15 days after publication of subsequent by the United States official census figures.A contract may be entered into with the United States census bureau to make any special census if the latest United States decennial census figures are not adequate.Census Bureau. As used in this subsection, "target population" means the sum of the individuals counted in the United States Census for the county divided by the total number of districts in the county.
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402402 (b) All districts shall be contiguous.
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404404 (c) All districts shall be as compact and of as nearly square shape as is practicable, depending on the geography of the county area involved.
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406406 (d) No township or part thereof shall be combined with any city or part thereof for a single district, unless such combination is needed to meet the population standard.
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408408 (e) Townships, villages and cities shall be divided only if
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470470 (f) Precincts shall be divided only if necessary to meet the population standard.
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472472 (g) Residents of state institutions who cannot by law register in the county as electors shall be excluded from any consideration of representation.
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474474 (h) Districts shall not be drawn to effect partisan political advantage.
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476476 (d) The apportionment of a county into commissioner districts must not provide a partisan advantage to any major political party. If the county apportionment commission determines that it is not possible to apportion the county into commissioner districts without providing a partisan advantage to any political party, the county apportionment commission shall apportion the county into commissioner districts in such a way as to provide the least degree possible of partisan advantage without violating subdivision (a), (b), or (c).
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478478 (e) All districts must not be drawn to favor an incumbent elected official or candidate.
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480480 (f) The commission may consider the compactness of districts and the boundaries of cities and townships in preparing districts.
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482482 (2) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (3), partisan advantage must be determined in the following manner:
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484484 (a) The difference between the actual number of minority party districts and the target number of minority party districts must not exceed 1.
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486486 (b) The proportional number of minority party districts must be determined by multiplying the minority party vote share in the county by the number of districts in the county and must be rounded
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546546 to the nearest whole number.
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548548 (c) If at least 1 member of the county apportionment commission demonstrates that it is possible to draw the proportional number of minority party districts while complying with the higher ranked criteria, the target number of minority party districts is equal to the proportional number of minority districts. If no member demonstrates that it is possible to draw the proportional number of minority party districts while complying with the higher ranked criteria, the target number of minority party districts is the maximum number of demonstrably possible minority party districts that comply with the higher ranked criteria.
549549
550550 (3) In a county where the proportionality criterion results in an apportionment plan that gives a major political party a 1- or 2-seat majority, partisan advantage must be determined by the mean-median difference. The apportionment plan resulting in a mean-median difference with an absolute value closest to zero is the best map under this criterion.
551551
552552 (4) The mean-median difference under subsection (3) must be calculated in the following manner:
553553
554554 (a) Sum the votes cast for each major political party's candidate for state board of education within each district for the 2 most recent general elections in which county commissioners were elected, excluding special elections for partial terms.
555555
556556 (b) Find the district-level vote share in each district by dividing the total votes cast for candidates of 1 major political party in the district by the summed votes for both major political parties in the district.
557557
558558 (c) Calculate the mean of the district-level vote share by
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618618 summing the district-level vote shares for all districts in the county and dividing by the number of districts in the county. The district-level vote share must be calculated in the following manner:
619619
620620 (i) First, sort the district vote shares from lowest to highest.
621621
622622 (ii) If the number of districts is odd, the median is the vote share of the middle district.
623623
624624 (iii) If the number of districts is even, the median is the average of the 2 middle district vote shares.
625625
626626 (d) Subtract the mean from the median.
627627
628628 (5) As used in this section:
629629
630630 (a) "Minority party" means the major political party receiving the second highest number of total votes cast for the party's candidates for state board of education in the 2 most recent general elections in which county commissioners were elected, excluding any special elections for partial terms.
631631
632632 (b) "Minority party district" means a district in which total number of votes cast for the minority party's candidates for state board of education in the 2 most recent general elections in which county commissioners were elected, excluding any special elections for partial terms, exceeds the total number of votes cast for the other major political party's candidates in the same elections.
633633
634634 Sec. 6. (1) Any registered voter of the county within 30 days after the filing of the plan for his the registered voter's county may petition the court of appeals to review such the plan to determine if the plan meets the requirements of the laws of this state. this act. Any findings decisions of the court of appeals may be appealed to the supreme court of the this state. as provided by
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678678 law.
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680680 (2) A reviewing court shall review de novo the following county apportionment commission actions and decisions:
681681
682682 (a) The decisions as to how many districts a county has under section 2.
683683
684684 (b) Compliance with section 3.
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686686 (c) The adopted plan's compliance with section 4.
687687
688688 (3) The county apportionment commission has the burden of proof on the issues to be considered under subsection (2).
689689
690690 (4) Except for federal court decisions concerning questions of federal law, a reviewing court shall not use or apply any standard of review, test, or analysis taken from, based on, or derived from a judicial decision made before the effective date of the amendatory act that added this subsection.
691691
692692 Sec. 8. Once an apportionment plan has been found constitutional and adopted according to the provisions of this act and all appeals have been exhausted, or if no appeal is taken, when the time for appeal has expired, that plan shall be is the official apportionment plan for the county until the next United States official decennial census figures by the United States Census Bureau are available.