| 1 | 1 | | SECONDREGULARSESSION |
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| 2 | 2 | | HOUSEBILLNO.2728 |
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| 3 | 3 | | 102NDGENERALASSEMBLY |
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| 4 | 4 | | INTRODUCEDBYREPRESENTATIVEPARKER. |
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| 5 | 5 | | 5765H.01I DANARADEMANMILLER,ChiefClerk |
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| 6 | 6 | | ANACT |
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| 7 | 7 | | Toamendchapter537,RSMo,byaddingtheretoninenewsectionsrelatingtocivilremedies |
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| 8 | 8 | | forunauthorizeddisclosureofintimateimages. |
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| 9 | 9 | | BeitenactedbytheGeneralAssemblyofthestateofMissouri,asfollows: |
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| 10 | 10 | | SectionA.Chapter537,RSMo,isamendedbyaddingtheretoninenewsections,to |
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| 11 | 11 | | 2beknownassections537.1300,537.1302,537.1304,537.1306,537.1308,537.1310, |
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| 12 | 12 | | 3537.1312,537.1314,and537.1316,toreadasfollows: |
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| 13 | 13 | | 537.1300.Sections537.1300to537.1316shallbeknownandmaybecitedasthe |
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| 14 | 14 | | 2"UniformCivilRemediesforUnauthorizedDisclosureofIntimateImagesAct". |
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| 15 | 15 | | 537.1302.Asusedinsections537.1300to537.1316: |
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| 16 | 16 | | 2 (1)"Consent"meansaffirmative,conscious,andvoluntaryauthorizationbyan |
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| 17 | 17 | | 3individualwithlegalcapacitytogiveauthorization; |
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| 18 | 18 | | 4 (2)"Depictedindividual"meansanindividualwhosebodyisshowninwholeor |
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| 19 | 19 | | 5inpartinanintimateimage; |
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| 20 | 20 | | 6 (3)"Disclosure"meanstransfer,publication,ordistributiontoanotherperson. |
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| 21 | 21 | | 7"Disclose"hasacorrespondingmeaning; |
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| 22 | 22 | | 8 (4)"Identifiable"meansrecognizablebyapersonotherthanthedepicted |
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| 23 | 23 | | 9individual: |
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| 24 | 24 | | 10 (a)Fromanintimateimageitself;or |
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| 25 | 25 | | 11 (b)Fromanintimateimageandidentifyingcharacteristicdisplayedin |
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| 26 | 26 | | 12connectionwiththeintimateimage; |
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| 27 | 27 | | 13 (5)"Identifyingcharacteristic"meansinformationthatmaybeusedtoidentify |
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| 28 | 28 | | 14adepictedindividual; |
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| 29 | 29 | | EXPLANATION—Matterenclosedinbold-facedbrackets[thus] intheabovebillisnotenactedandis |
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| 30 | 30 | | intendedtobeomittedfromthelaw.Matterinbold-facetypeintheabovebillisproposedlanguage. 15 (6)"Individual"meansahumanbeing; |
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| 31 | 31 | | 16 (7)"Intimateimage"meansaphotograph,film,videorecording,orother |
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| 32 | 32 | | 17similarmediumthatshows: |
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| 33 | 33 | | 18 (a)Theuncoveredgenitals,pubicarea,anus,orfemalepostpubescentnippleofa |
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| 34 | 34 | | 19depictedindividual;or |
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| 35 | 35 | | 20 (b)Adepictedindividualengaginginorbeingsubjectedtosexualconduct; |
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| 36 | 36 | | 21 (8)"Person"meansanindividual,estate,businessornonprofitentity,public |
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| 37 | 37 | | 22corporation,governmentorgovernmentalsubdivision,agency,orinstrumentality,or |
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| 38 | 38 | | 23otherlegalentity; |
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| 39 | 39 | | 24 (9)"Sexualconduct"includes: |
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| 40 | 40 | | 25 (a)Masturbation; |
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| 41 | 41 | | 26 (b)Genital,anal,ororalsex; |
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| 42 | 42 | | 27 (c)Sexualpenetrationof,orwith,anobject; |
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| 43 | 43 | | 28 (d)Bestiality;or |
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| 44 | 44 | | 29 (e)Thetransferofsemenontoadepictedindividual. |
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| 45 | 45 | | 537.1304.1.Inthissection: |
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| 46 | 46 | | 2 (1)"Harm"includesphysicalharm,economicharm,andemotionaldistress |
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| 47 | 47 | | 3whetherornotaccompaniedbyphysicaloreconomicharm; |
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| 48 | 48 | | 4 (2)"Private"means: |
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| 49 | 49 | | 5 (a)Createdorobtainedundercircumstancesinwhichadepictedindividualhad |
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| 50 | 50 | | 6areasonableexpectationofprivacy;or |
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| 51 | 51 | | 7 (b)Madeaccessiblethroughstealing,bribery,extortion,fraud,falsepretenses, |
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| 52 | 52 | | 8orexceedingauthorizedaccesstoanaccount,message,file,device,resource,or |
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| 53 | 53 | | 9property. |
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| 54 | 54 | | 10 2.Exceptasotherwiseprovidedin537.1306,adepictedindividualwhois |
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| 55 | 55 | | 11identifiableandwhosuffersharmfromaperson'sintentionaldisclosureorthreatened |
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| 56 | 56 | | 12disclosureofanintimateimagethatwasprivatewithoutthedepictedindividual's |
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| 57 | 57 | | 13consenthasacauseofactionagainstthepersonifthepersonkneworactedwith |
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| 58 | 58 | | 14recklessdisregardforwhether: |
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| 59 | 59 | | 15 (1)Thedepictedindividualdidnotconsenttothedisclosure; |
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| 60 | 60 | | 16 (2)Theintimateimagewasprivate;and |
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| 61 | 61 | | 17 (3)Thedepictedindividualwasidentifiable. |
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| 62 | 62 | | 18 3.Thefollowingconductbyadepictedindividualdoesnotestablishbyitselfthat |
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| 63 | 63 | | 19theindividualconsentedtothedisclosureoftheintimateimagethatisthesubjectofan |
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| 64 | 64 | | 20actionundersections537.1300to537.1316orthattheindividuallackedareasonable |
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| 65 | 65 | | 21expectationofprivacy: |
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| 66 | 66 | | 22 (1)Consenttocreationoftheimage;or |
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| 67 | 67 | | HB2728 2 23 (2)Previousconsensualdisclosureoftheimage. |
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| 68 | 68 | | 24 4.Adepictedindividualwhodoesnotconsenttothesexualconductor |
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| 69 | 69 | | 25uncoveringofthepartofthebodydepictedinanintimateimageoftheindividual |
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| 70 | 70 | | 26retainsareasonableexpectationofprivacyeveniftheimagewascreatedwhenthe |
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| 71 | 71 | | 27individualwasinapublicplace. |
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| 72 | 72 | | 537.1306.1.Inthissection: |
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| 73 | 73 | | 2 (1)"Child"meansanunemancipatedindividualwhoisundereighteenyearsof |
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| 74 | 74 | | 3age; |
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| 75 | 75 | | 4 (2)"Parent"meansanindividualrecognizedasaparentunderlawofthisstate |
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| 76 | 76 | | 5otherthaninsections537.1300to537.1316. |
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| 77 | 77 | | 6 2.Apersonisnotliableundersections537.1300to537.1316ifthepersonproves |
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| 78 | 78 | | 7thatdisclosureof,orathreattodisclose,anintimateimagewas: |
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| 79 | 79 | | 8 (1)Madeingoodfaithin: |
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| 80 | 80 | | 9 (a)Lawenforcement; |
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| 81 | 81 | | 10 (b)Alegalproceeding;or |
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| 82 | 82 | | 11 (c)Medicaleducationortreatment; |
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| 83 | 83 | | 12 (2)Madeingoodfaithinthereportingorinvestigationof: |
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| 84 | 84 | | 13 (a)Unlawfulconduct;or |
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| 85 | 85 | | 14 (b)Unsolicitedandunwelcomeconduct; |
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| 86 | 86 | | 15 (3)Relatedtoamatterofpublicconcernorpublicinterest;or |
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| 87 | 87 | | 16 (4)Reasonablyintendedtoassistthedepictedindividual. |
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| 88 | 88 | | 17 3.Subjecttosubsection4ofthissection,adefendantwhoisaparent,legal |
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| 89 | 89 | | 18guardian,orindividualwithlegalcustodyofachildisnotliableundersections537.1300 |
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| 90 | 90 | | 19to537.1316foradisclosureorthreateneddisclosureofanintimateimageofthechild. |
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| 91 | 91 | | 20 4.Ifadefendantassertsanexceptiontoliabilityundersubsection3ofthis |
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| 92 | 92 | | 21section,theexceptiondoesnotapplyiftheplaintiffprovesthedisclosurewas: |
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| 93 | 93 | | 22 (1)Prohibitedbylawotherthaninsections537.1300to537.1316;or |
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| 94 | 94 | | 23 (2)Madeforthepurposeofsexualarousal,sexualgratification,humiliation, |
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| 95 | 95 | | 24degradation,ormonetaryorcommercialgain. |
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| 96 | 96 | | 25 5.Disclosureof,orathreattodisclose,anintimateimageisnotamatterof |
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| 97 | 97 | | 26publicconcernorpublicinterestsolelybecausethedepictedindividualisapublic |
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| 98 | 98 | | 27figure. |
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| 99 | 99 | | 537.1308.Inanactionundersections537.1300to537.1316: |
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| 100 | 100 | | 2 (1)Aplaintiffmayproceedusingapseudonyminplaceofthetruenameofthe |
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| 101 | 101 | | 3plaintiff; |
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| 102 | 102 | | 4 (2)Thecourtmayexcludeorredactfromallpleadingsanddocumentsfiledin |
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| 103 | 103 | | 5theactionotheridentifyingcharacteristicsoftheplaintiff; |
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| 104 | 104 | | HB2728 3 6 (3)Aplaintifftowhomsubdivision(1)or(2)ofthissectionappliesshallfilewith |
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| 105 | 105 | | 7thecourtandserveonthedefendantaconfidentialinformationformthatincludesthe |
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| 106 | 106 | | 8excludedorredactedplaintiff'snameandotheridentifyingcharacteristics;and |
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| 107 | 107 | | 9 (4)Thecourtmaymakefurtherordersasnecessarytoprotecttheidentityand |
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| 108 | 108 | | 10privacyofaplaintiff. |
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| 109 | 109 | | 537.1310.1.Inanactionundersections537.1300to537.1316,aprevailing |
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| 110 | 110 | | 2plaintiffmayrecover: |
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| 111 | 111 | | 3 (1)Thegreaterof: |
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| 112 | 112 | | 4 (a)Economicandnoneconomicdamagesproximatelycausedbythedefendant's |
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| 113 | 113 | | 5disclosureorthreateneddisclosure,includingdamagesforemotionaldistresswhether |
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| 114 | 114 | | 6ornotaccompaniedbyotherdamages;or |
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| 115 | 115 | | 7 (b)Statutorydamagesnottoexceedtenthousanddollarsagainsteachdefendant |
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| 116 | 116 | | 8foundliableundersections537.1300to537.1316foralldisclosuresandthreatened |
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| 117 | 117 | | 9disclosuresbythedefendantofwhichtheplaintiffkneworreasonablyshouldhave |
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| 118 | 118 | | 10knownwhenfilingtheactionorwhichbecameknownduringthependencyofthe |
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| 119 | 119 | | 11action.Indeterminingtheamountofstatutorydamagesunderthisparagraph, |
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| 120 | 120 | | 12considerationmustbegiventotheageofthepartiesatthetimeofthedisclosureor |
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| 121 | 121 | | 13threateneddisclosure,thenumberofdisclosuresorthreateneddisclosuresmadebythe |
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| 122 | 122 | | 14defendant,thebreadthofdistributionoftheimagebythedefendant,andother |
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| 123 | 123 | | 15exacerbatingormitigatingfactors; |
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| 124 | 124 | | 16 (2)Anamountequaltoanymonetarygainmadebythedefendantfrom |
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| 125 | 125 | | 17disclosureoftheintimateimage;and |
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| 126 | 126 | | 18 (3)Punitivedamagesasallowedunderlawofthisstateotherthanundersections |
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| 127 | 127 | | 19537.1300to537.1316. |
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| 128 | 128 | | 20 2.Inanactionundersections537.1300to537.1316,thecourtmayawarda |
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| 129 | 129 | | 21prevailingplaintiff: |
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| 130 | 130 | | 22 (1)Reasonableattorney'sfeesandcosts;and |
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| 131 | 131 | | 23 (2)Additionalrelief,includinginjunctiverelief. |
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| 132 | 132 | | 24 3.Sections537.1300to537.1316donotaffectarightorremedyavailableunder |
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| 133 | 133 | | 25lawofthisstateotherthanundersections537.1300to537.1316. |
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| 134 | 134 | | 537.1312.1.Anactionundersubsection2ofsection537.1304for: |
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| 135 | 135 | | 2 (1)Anunauthorizeddisclosuremaynotbebroughtlaterthanfouryearsfrom |
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| 136 | 136 | | 3thedatethedisclosurewasdiscoveredorshouldhavebeendiscoveredwiththeexercise |
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| 137 | 137 | | 4ofreasonablediligence;and |
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| 138 | 138 | | 5 (2)Athreattodisclosemaynotbebroughtlaterthanfouryearsfromthedateof |
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| 139 | 139 | | 6thethreattodisclose. |
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| 140 | 140 | | HB2728 4 7 2.Exceptasotherwiseprovidedinsubsection3ofthissection,thissectionis |
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| 141 | 141 | | 8subjecttothetollingstatutesofthisstate. |
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| 142 | 142 | | 9 3.Inanactionundersubsection2ofsection537.1304byadepictedindividual |
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| 143 | 143 | | 10whowasaminoronthedateofthedisclosureorthreattodisclose,thetimespecifiedin |
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| 144 | 144 | | 11subsection1ofthissectiondoesnotbegintorununtilthedepictedindividualattainsthe |
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| 145 | 145 | | 12ageofmajority. |
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| 146 | 146 | | 537.1314.Sections537.1300to537.1316mustbeconstruedtobeconsistentwith |
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| 147 | 147 | | 2theCommunicationsDecencyActof1996,47U.S.C.Section230. |
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| 148 | 148 | | 537.1316.Inapplyingandconstruingsections537.1300to537.1316, |
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| 149 | 149 | | 2considerationmustbegiventotheneedtopromoteuniformityofthelawwith |
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| 150 | 150 | | 3respecttoitssubjectmatteramongstatesthatenactit. |
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| 151 | 151 | | âś” |
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| 152 | 152 | | HB2728 5 |
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