Missouri 2024 Regular Session

Missouri House Bill HB2791 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.
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11 SECONDREGULARSESSION
22 HOUSEBILLNO.2791
33 102NDGENERALASSEMBLY
44 INTRODUCEDBYREPRESENTATIVEBAKER.
55 5130H.01I DANARADEMANMILLER,ChiefClerk
66 ANACT
77 Toamendchapter542,RSMo,byaddingtheretoonenewsectionrelatingtogeofence
88 warrants.
99 BeitenactedbytheGeneralAssemblyofthestateofMissouri,asfollows:
1010 SectionA.Chapter542,RSMo,isamendedbyaddingtheretoonenewsection,tobe
1111 2knownassection542.650,toreadasfollows:
1212 542.650.1.Asusedinthissection,thefollowingtermsmean:
1313 2 (1)"Anonymized"or"amnonymization",identifyinginformationconnectedto
1414 3anelectronicdeviceinamannersuchthatthesubject,includinganindividual,
1515 4household,device,orinternetprotocoladdress,isnotidentifiabletoalawenforcement
1616 5agency;
1717 6 (2)"Cellsite",transmissionorreceptionequipment,includingabase-station
1818 7antenna,thatconnectsanelectronicdevicetoanetwork;
1919 8 (3)"Cellsiterecord",anelectronicdevice'scellsitelocationinformationthat
2020 9correspondstoaspecificcellsiteandtimeframe;
2121 10 (4)"Committee",thecrimepreventioncommitteesofthesenateandthehouse
2222 11ofrepresentatives;
2323 12 (5)"Electronicdevice",adevicethatenablesaccesstooruseofalocation
2424 13informationserviceorcanotherwisecreateorprovidelocationinformation;
2525 14 (6)"Geofence",aspecifiedgeographicareadefinedbyavirtualperimeterorby
2626 15geographiccoordinates;
2727 16 (7)"Governmententity":
2828 EXPLANATION—Matterenclosedinbold-facedbrackets[thus] intheabovebillisnotenactedandis
2929 intendedtobeomittedfromthelaw.Matterinbold-facetypeintheabovebillisproposedlanguage. 17 (a)Astateorlocalagencyincluding,butnotlimitedto,alawenforcemententity
3030 18oranyotherinvestigativeentity,agency,department,division,bureau,board,or
3131 19commission,oranindividualactingorpurportingtoactfororonbehalfofastateor
3232 20localagency;or
3333 21 (b)Anindividualorentityactingfororonbehalfofanentitydescribedin
3434 22subdivision(1)ofsubsection7ofthissection;
3535 23 (8)"Identifyinginformation",informationtiedtoanelectronicdevicethat
3636 24identifiestheuser'sorowner's:
3737 25 (a)Name;
3838 26 (b)Address;
3939 27 (c)Phonenumber;
4040 28 (d)Emailaddress;or
4141 29 (e)Otherinformationthatwouldidentifytheuserorowneroftheelectronic
4242 30device;
4343 31 (9)"Locationinformation",informationconcerningthegeographicallocationof
4444 32anelectronicdevicethat,inwholeorinpart,isgenerated,derivedfrom,orobtainedby
4545 33theoperationofanelectronicdeviceortheoperationofasoftwareapplicationonan
4646 34electronicdevice."Locationinformation"includespast,current,andfuturelocation
4747 35information;
4848 36 (10)"Reverselocationinformation",historicallocationinformationfor:
4949 37 (a)Adefinedtimeperiod;
5050 38 (b)Withinageographicarea;and
5151 39 (c)Affectingmorethanoneelectronicdeviceofwhichtheidentitiesoftheusers
5252 40orownersareunknowntolawenforcement;
5353 41 (11)"Reverselocationwarrant",awarrantseekingreverselocationinformation
5454 42undersubsection2,3,or4ofthissection.
5555 43 2.(1)Exceptasprovidedinsubsection6ofthissection,foracriminal
5656 44investigationorprosecution,alawenforcementagencyshallnotobtainreverselocation
5757 45informationforelectronicdeviceswithinageofenceunless:
5858 46 (a)Thelawenforcementagencyobtainsasearchwarrantasprovidedunderthis
5959 47subsection;
6060 48 (b)Theinvestigationorprosecutioninvolvesaviolentfelony;and
6161 49 (c)Thelawenforcementagencyisabletodemonstrateanimminent,ongoing
6262 50threattopublicsafety.
6363 51 (2)Toobtainreverselocationinformationinsideofageofence,alaw
6464 52enforcementagencyshall:
6565 53 (a)Includewiththeswornwarrantapplication:
6666 HB2791 2 54 a.Amaporothervisualdepictionthatrepresentsthegeofenceforwhichthe
6767 55warrantisseekinginformation;and
6868 56 b.Thefollowinglanguageatthebeginningoftheapplicationinalegiblefontno
6969 57smallerthanothertextappearingintheapplication:
7070 58 "NOTICE:Thiswarrantapplicationseeksjudicialauthorizationforthe
7171 59disclosureofreverselocationinformationofelectronicdevicesnearacrimeator
7272 60nearthetimeofthecrime.Ifauthorized,thewarrantallowslawenforcementtoobtain
7373 61historicallocationinformationofalldeviceswithintheareadescribedinthewarrant
7474 62duringthespecifiedtimefromentitiesinpossessionoftherelevantdata.Theelectronic
7575 63devicescapturedinthewarrantmaybeownedorusedbybothallegedcriminal
7676 64perpetratorsandindividualsnotinvolvedinthecommissionofacrime.Forthisreason,
7777 65anywarrantissuedmustrequiretheanonymizationofalldevicesassociatedwiththe
7878 66reverselocationinformation.";and
7979 67 (b)Establishprobablecausetobelievethatevidenceofacrimewillbefound
8080 68withinthegeofenceandwithinthespecifiedperiodoftime.
8181 69 (3)Ifacourtgrantsawarrantundersubdivision(2)ofthissubsection,thecourt
8282 70shallrequirethatallelectronicdevicedataprovidedunderthewarrantbeanonymized
8383 71beforethereverselocationinformationisreleasedtothelawenforcementagency.
8484 72 3.(1)Exceptasprovidedinsubsection6ofthissection,foracriminal
8585 73investigationorprosecution,alawenforcementagencyshallnotobtainreverselocation
8686 74informationbasedoncellsiterecordsunless:
8787 75 (a)Thelawenforcementagencyobtainsasearchwarrantasprovidedunderthis
8888 76subsection;
8989 77 (b)Theinvestigationorprosecutioninvolvesaviolentfelony;and
9090 78 (c)Thelawenforcementagencyisabletodemonstrateanimminent,ongoing
9191 79threattopublicsafety.
9292 80 (2)Toobtaincellsite-basedreverselocationinformation,alawenforcement
9393 81agencyshall:
9494 82 (a)Includewiththeswornwarrantapplication:
9595 83 a.Avisualdepictionorwrittendescriptionthatidentifies:
9696 84 (i)Thecrimescenelocationandanyotherareasofinterestrelatedtothecrime;
9797 85 (ii)Thelocationofcellsitesfromwhichthereverselocationinformationis
9898 86sought;and
9999 87 (iii)Thedistancebetweenthelocationsdescribedinitems(i)and(ii)ofthis
100100 88subparagraph;and
101101 89 b.Thefollowinglanguageatthebeginningoftheapplicationinalegiblefontno
102102 90smallerthanothertextappearingintheapplication:
103103 HB2791 3 91 "NOTICE:Thiswarrantapplicationseeksjudicialauthorizationforthe
104104 92disclosureofreverse-locationinformationofelectronicdevicesnearacrimeator
105105 93nearthetimeofthecrime.Ifauthorized,thewarrantallowslawenforcementtoobtain
106106 94historicallocationinformationofalldeviceswithintheareadescribedinthewarrant
107107 95duringthespecifiedtimefromentitiesinpossessionoftherelevantdata.Theelectronic
108108 96devicescapturedinthewarrantmaybeownedorusedbybothallegedcriminal
109109 97perpetratorsandindividualsnotinvolvedinthecommissionofacrime.Forthisreason,
110110 98anywarrantissuedmustrequiretheanonymizationofalldevicesassociatedwiththe
111111 99reverselocationinformation.";and
112112 100 (b)Establishprobablecausetobelievethatevidenceofacrimewillbefound
113113 101withinthecellsiterecordsdescribedinsubparagrapha.ofparagraph(a)ofthis
114114 102subdivisionandwithinaspecifiedperiodoftime.
115115 103 (3)Ifacourtgrantsawarrantundersubdivision(2)ofthissubsection,thecourt
116116 104shallrequirethatallelectronicdevicedataprovidedunderthewarrantbeanonymized
117117 105beforethereverselocationinformationisreleasedtothelawenforcementagency.
118118 106 4.(1)If,afterexecutingawarrantdescribedinsubsection2or3ofthissection,
119119 107alawenforcementagencyseekstoobtainreverselocationinformationbeyondthe
120120 108parametersofthewarrantobtainedundersubsection2or3ofthissection,thelaw
121121 109enforcementagencyshall:
122122 110 (a)Includeintheswornwarrantapplicationthespecificelectronicdevices
123123 111identifiedintheanonymizeddataforwhichthelawenforcementagencyseeks
124124 112additionalreverselocationinformation;
125125 113 (b)Establishprobablecausetobelievethatevidenceofacrimewillbefound
126126 114withinaspecifiedperiodoftime;and
127127 115 (c)Affirmthatthecrimedescribedinparagraph(b)ofthissubdivisionis:
128128 116 a.Thesamecrimeordirectlyrelatedtothecrimethatwasthesubjectofthe
129129 117warrantobtainedundersubsection2or3ofthissection;or
130130 118 b.Acrimesubjecttothejudiciallyrecognizedplainviewexceptiontothe
131131 119warrantrequirement.
132132 120 (2)Ifacourtgrantsawarrantundersubdivision(1)ofthissubsection,thecourt
133133 121shallrequirethatallelectronicdevicedataprovidedunderthewarrantbeanonymized
134134 122beforethereverselocationinformationisreleasedtothelawenforcementagency.
135135 123 5.Toobtainidentifyinginformationforanelectronicdeviceidentifiedundera
136136 124warrantobtainedundersubsection2,3,or4ofthissection,alawenforcementagency
137137 125shallestablishintheswornwarrantapplicationprobablecausetobelievethatthe
138138 126electronicdevicewasusedorotherwiseimplicatedinacrime.
139139 HB2791 4 127 6.(1)Notwithstandinganyotherprovisionoflaw,alawenforcementagency
140140 128mayobtainreverselocationinformationwithoutawarrant:
141141 129 (a)Inaccordancewithstatelaw;or
142142 130 (b)Inaccordancewithajudiciallyrecognizedexceptiontowarrant
143143 131requirement.
144144 132 (2)Nothinginthissection:
145145 133 (a)Limitsoraffectsthedisclosureofpublicrecordsunderchapter610;
146146 134 (b)Affectstherightsofanemployeroranadministrativerule;or
147147 135 (c)Limitstheabilityofalawenforcementagencytoreceiveoruseinformation
148148 136fromtheNationalCenterforMissingandExploitedChildrenunder18U.S.C.Sec.
149149 1372258Awithoutawarrantorsubpoena.
150150 138 7.(1)(a)Alawenforcementagencyshallnotuse,copy,ordisclose,forany
151151 139purpose,reverselocationinformationobtainedunderawarrantobtainedunder
152152 140subsection2,3,or4ofthissectionthatis:
153153 141 a.Notrelatedtothecrimethatisthesubjectofthewarrant;and
154154 142 b.Collectedaspartofanefforttoobtainthereverselocationinformationofan
155155 143electronicdevicethatisrelatedtothecrimethatisthesubjectofthewarrantobtained
156156 144undersubsection2,3,or4ofthissection.
157157 145 (b)Thelawenforcementagencyshalldestroyinanunrecoverablemannerthe
158158 146reverselocationinformationdescribedinparagraph(a)ofthissubdivisionassoonas
159159 147reasonablypracticableafterthecriminalcaseisdeclinedforprosecutionor,ifcriminal
160160 148chargesarefiled,thefinaldispositionofthecriminalcase.
161161 149 (2)(a)Reverselocationinformationobtainedundersubsection2,3,or4ofthis
162162 150sectionshallnotbe:
163163 151 a.Comparedwith,mergedwith,linkedto,orinanywayelectronicallyor
164164 152otherwiseconnectedto,asourceofelectronicdata,includingadatabaseorfile,
165165 153containingoneormorepointsofdatathatincludesthelocationinformationprovidedby
166166 154anelectronicdevice;or
167167 155 b.Usedinanyothercriminalinvestigationorprosecution.
168168 156 (b)Subparagrapha.ofparagraph(a)ofthissubdivisionshallnotapplyifallthe
169169 157electronicdata,includingthereverselocationinformation,isobtainedforthepurpose
170170 158ofinvestigatingthesamecriminalincident.
171171 159 (3)Apersonorentitythatprovidesreverselocationinformationunderthis
172172 160sectionshallensurethatthereverselocationinformationisanonymizedbeforethe
173173 161reverselocationinformationisprovidedtoalawenforcementagency.
174174 162 8.(1)(a)Exceptasprovidedinparagraph(b)ofthissubdivisionorsubdivision
175175 163(2)ofthissubsection,alawenforcementagencythatexecutesawarrantunder
176176 HB2791 5 164subsection5ofthissectionshallserveanoticedescribedinsubdivision(3)ofthis
177177 165subsectionontheowneroftheelectronicdeviceforwhichidentifyinginformationwas
178178 166obtained:
179179 167 a.Withinninetydaysafterthedayonwhichtheidentifyinginformationwas
180180 168obtainedbythelawenforcementagency,butinnocasemorethanthreedaysafterthe
181181 169dayonwhichtheinvestigationwasconcluded;or
182182 170 b.Iftheowneroftheelectronicdeviceforwhichtheidentifyinginformation
183183 171specifiedinthewarrantisunknowntothelawenforcementagency,withinninetydays
184184 172afterthedayonwhichthelawenforcementagencyidentifies,orreasonablycould
185185 173identify,theowner.
186186 174 (b)Alawenforcementagencyshallnotberequiredtoserveanoticedescribedin
187187 175paragraph(a)ofthissubdivisiontotheowneroftheelectronicdeviceforwhich
188188 176identifyinginformationwasobtainediftheownerresidesoutsideoftheUnitedStates.
189189 177 (2)(a)a.Alawenforcementagencyseekingawarrantinaccordancewith
190190 178subsection5ofthissectionmaysubmitarequest,andthecourtmaygrantpermission,
191191 179todelayserviceofthenoticerequiredundersubdivision(1)ofthissubsectionfora
192192 180periodnottoexceedthirtydaysifthecourtdeterminesthatthereisreasonablecauseto
193193 181believethatthenotificationmay:
194194 182 (i)Endangerthelifeorphysicalsafetyofanindividual;
195195 183 (ii)Causeapersontofleefromprosecution;
196196 184 (iii)Leadtothedestructionofortamperingwithevidence;
197197 185 (iv)Intimidateapotentialwitness;or
198198 186 (v)Otherwiseseriouslyjeopardizeaninvestigationorundulydelayatrial.
199199 187 b.Whenadelayofnotificationisgrantedundersubparagrapha.ofparagraph
200200 188(a)ofthissubdivisionanduponapplicationbythelawenforcementagency,thecourt
201201 189maygrantadditionalextensionsofuptothirtydayseach.
202202 190 (b)a.Alawenforcementagencythatseeksawarrantinaccordancewith
203203 191subsection5ofthissectionmaysubmitarequesttothecourt,andthecourtmaygrant
204204 192permission,todelayserviceofthenoticerequiredundersubdivision(1)ofthis
205205 193subsectionifthepurposeofdelayingthenotificationistoapprehendanindividual:
206206 194 (i)Whoisafugitivefromjustice;and
207207 195 (ii)Forwhomanarrestwarranthasbeenissuedforaviolentfelonyoffense.
208208 196 b.(i)Thecourtmaygranttherequestundersubparagrapha.ofparagraph(b)
209209 197ofthissubdivisiontodelaynotificationuntiltheindividualwhoisafugitivefromjustice
210210 198isapprehendedbythelawenforcementagency.
211211 199 (ii)Alawenforcementagencyshallservicethenoticerequiredundersubdivision
212212 200(1)ofthissubsectiontotheowneroftheelectronicdevicewithinfourteendaysafterthe
213213 HB2791 6 201dayonwhichthelawenforcementagencyapprehendstheindividualdescribedin
214214 202subparagrapha.ofparagraph(b)ofthissubdivision.
215215 203 (3)Anoticerequiredundersubdivision(1)ofthissubsectionshallinclude:
216216 204 (a)Acopyofthewarrant;and
217217 205 (b)Awrittenstatementidentifying:
218218 206 a.Theoffensespecifiedinthewarrantapplication;
219219 207 b.Theidentityofthelawenforcementagencythatfiledtheapplication;
220220 208 c.Thedateonwhichthelocationinformationoridentifyinginformationwas
221221 209obtained;and
222222 210 d.Thenumberandlengthofanyauthorizeddelaysinservingthenotice
223223 211requiredundersubdivision(1)ofthissubsection,including,ifapplicable,thenameof
224224 212thecourtthatauthorizedthedelayandareferencetotheprovisionofthissectionthat
225225 213permittedthedelay.
226226 214 (4)Alawenforcementagencyshallservethenoticerequiredundersubdivision
227227 215(1)ofthissubsectiontotheowneroftheelectronicdeviceby:
228228 216 (a)Personalserviceontheowner;
229229 217 (b)First-classmailtotheowner'slastknownaddress;or
230230 218 (c)Otherreasonablemeansiftheowner'slastknownaddressisunknown.
231231 219 9.Reverselocationinformationoridentifyinginformationobtainedinviolation
232232 220oftheprovisionsofthissectionshallbesubjecttotherulesgoverningexclusionasifthe
233233 221recordswereobtainedinviolationoftheFourthAmendmenttotheUnitedStates
234234 222ConstitutionandArticleI,Section15oftheConstitutionofMissouri.
235235 223 10.(1)(a)BeginningJanuary1,2025,alawenforcementagencyorany
236236 224governmententitythatobtainedareverselocationwarrantshallannuallysubmita
237237 225reportonorbeforeAprilthirtiethtothecommitteewiththefollowingdataforthe
238238 226previouscalendaryear:
239239 227 a.Thenumberofreverselocationwarrantsrequestedbythelawenforcement
240240 228agencyundersubsection2,3,or4ofthissection;
241241 229 b.Thenumberofreverselocationwarrantsthatacourtgrantedafterarequest
242242 230describedinsubparagrapha.ofthisparagraph;
243243 231 c.Thenumberofinvestigationsthatusedinformationobtainedunderareverse
244244 232locationwarranttoinvestigateacrimethatwasnotthesubjectofthereverselocation
245245 233warrant;
246246 234 d.Thenumberoftimesreverselocationinformationwasobtainedunderan
247247 235exceptionlistedinsubsection6ofthissection;
248248 236 e.Thewarrantidentificationnumberforeachwarrantdescribedunder
249249 237subparagraphb.orc.ofthisparagraph;and
250250 HB2791 7 238 f.Thenumberofelectronicdevicesforwhichanonymizedelectronicdevicedata
251251 239wasobtainedundereachreverselocationwarrantdescribedundersubparagraphb.of
252252 240thisparagraph.
253253 241 (b)Alawenforcementagencyshallcompilethereportdescribedinparagraph
254254 242(a)ofthissubdivisionforeachyearinthestandardizedformatdevelopedbythe
255255 243committeeundersubdivision(3)ofthissubsection.
256256 244 (2)Ifareverselocationwarrantisrequestedbyamultijurisdictionalteamoflaw
257257 245enforcementofficers,thereportingrequirementinthissubsectionshallbethe
258258 246responsibilityofthecommandingagencyorgoverningauthorityofthe
259259 247multijurisdictionalteam.
260260 248 (3)Thecommitteeshall:
261261 249 (a)Developastandardizedformatforreportingthedatadescribedin
262262 250subdivision(1)ofthissubsection;
263263 251 (b)Compilethedatasubmittedundersubdivision(1)ofthissubsection;and
264264 252 (c)AnnuallyonorbeforeAugustfirst,makepubliclyavailableareportofthe
265265 253datadescribedinsubdivision(1)ofthissubsection.
266266 âś”
267267 HB2791 8