GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF NORTH CAROLINA
SESSION 2025
H 1
HOUSE BILL 776
Short Title: NC Religious Freedom Restoration Act. (Public)
Sponsors: Representatives Echevarria, Arp, N. Jackson, and Moss (Primary Sponsors).
For a complete list of sponsors, refer to the North Carolina General Assembly web site.
Referred to: Rules, Calendar, and Operations of the House
April 7, 2025
*H776 -v-1*
A BILL TO BE ENTITLED 1
AN ACT TO FURTHER PROTECT THE PRACTICE OF RELIGION AND TO ENACT THE 2
NORTH CAROLINA RELIG IOUS FREEDOM RESTORA TION ACT. 3
The General Assembly of North Carolina enacts: 4
SECTION 1. It is the intent of the General Assembly that religious gatherings in 5
places of worship and homes be free from restrictions that may be caused by the incidental effects 6
of neutral laws of general applicability. Neutrally applied action by counties, local municipalities, 7
or homeowners' associations that incidentally burden the practice of religion can have effects 8
akin to harassment, even if not intended. The purpose of this act is to better ensure that no human 9
authority may restrict faith practices. 10
SECTION 2. G.S. 41A-4 reads as rewritten: 11
"§ 41A-4. Unlawful discriminatory housing practices. 12
(a) It is an unlawful discriminatory housing practice for any person in a real estate 13
transaction, to whom the requirements and prohibitions of this Chapter apply, because of race, 14
color, religion, sex, national origin, handicapping condition, or familial status to:to do any of the 15
following: 16
… 17
(e) It is an unlawful discriminatory housing practice to coerce, intimidate, threaten, or 18
interfere with any person in the exercise or enjoyment of, on account of having exercised or 19
enjoyed, or on account of having aided or encouraged any other person in the exercise or 20
enjoyment of any right granted or protected by this Chapter. 21
… 22
(h) With respect to subdivision (a)(8) of this section, it is an unlawful discriminatory 23
housing practice for any governmental entity or a homeowners' association to restrict religious 24
gatherings in a dwelling or to burden the practice of religion in the neighborhood or area in which 25
the dwelling is located." 26
SECTION 3.(a) Chapter 99D of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new 27
Article to read: 28
"Article 2. 29
"The North Carolina Religious Freedom Restoration Act. 30
"§ 99D-20. Short title. 31
This Article shall be known and may be cited as the North Carolina Religious Freedom 32
Restoration Act. 33
"§ 99D-21. Purpose. 34 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025
Page 2 House Bill 776-First Edition
The purposes of this Article are to (i) ensure that in all cases where State action burdens the 1
exercise of religion, strict scrutiny is applied and (ii) provide a claim or defense to a person whose 2
exercise of religion is burdened by State action. 3
"§ 99D-22. Definitions. 4
The following definitions apply in this Article: 5
(1) Burden. – Any action that directly or indirectly constrains, inhibits, curtails, 6
or denies the exercise of religion by any person or compels any action contrary 7
to a person's exercise of religion. The term includes, but is not limited to, 8
withholding benefits; assessing criminal, civil, or administrative penalties; or 9
exclusion from governmental programs or access to governmental facilities. 10
(2) Compelling governmental interest. – A governmental interest of the highest 11
magnitude that cannot otherwise be achieved without burdening the exercise 12
of religion. 13
(3) Exercise of religion. – The practice or observance of religion. The term 14
includes, but is not limited to, the ability to act or refuse to act in a manner 15
substantially motivated by one's sincerely held religious beliefs, whether or 16
not the exercise is compulsory or central to a larger system of religious belief. 17
(4) Person. – Any individual, association, partnership, corporation, church, 18
religious institution, estate, trust, foundation, or other legal entity. 19
(5) State action. – The implementation or application of any law, including, but 20
not limited to, State and local laws, ordinances, rules, regulations, and 21
policies, whether statutory or otherwise, or other action by the State or any 22
political subdivision of the State and any local government, municipality, 23
instrumentality, or public official authorized by law in the State. 24
"§ 99D-23. Free exercise of religion protected. 25
(a) State action shall not burden a person's right to exercise of religion, even if the burden 26
results from a rule of general applicability, unless it is demonstrated that applying the burden to 27
that person's exercise of religion in this particular instance is both of the following: 28
(1) Essential to further a compelling governmental interest. 29
(2) The least restrictive means of furthering that compelling governmental 30
interest. 31
(b) A person whose exercise of religion has been burdened, or is likely to be burdened, 32
in violation of this Article may assert the violation or impending violation as a claim or defense 33
in a judicial proceeding, regardless of whether the State or one of its political subdivisions is a 34
party to the proceeding. The person asserting the claim or defense may obtain appropriate relief, 35
including relief against the State or its political subdivisions. Appropriate relief shall include 36
attorneys' fees and costs and may include, but is not limited to, injunctive relief, declaratory relief, 37
and compensatory damages for pecuniary and nonpecuniary losses. 38
"§ 99D-24. Limitations. 39
(a) Nothing in this Article shall be construed to do any of the following: 40
(1) Authorize the State to burden any religious belief. 41
(2) Affect, interpret, or in any way address portions of the First Amendment to 42
the United States Constitution or Section 13 of Article I of the North Carolina 43
Constitution that prohibit laws respecting the establishment of religion. 44
(b) Granting government funding, benefits, or exemptions, to the extent permissible 45
under the First Amendment to the United States Constitution or Section 13 of Article I of the 46
North Carolina Constitution, does not constitute a violation of this Article. As used in this 47
subsection, the term "granting," used with respect to government funding, benefits, or 48
exemptions, does not include the denial of government funding, benefits, or exemptions. 49
"§ 99D-25. Severability. 50 General Assembly Of North Carolina Session 2025
House Bill 776-First Edition Page 3
If any provision of this Article or its application is held invalid, the invalidity does not affect 1
other provisions or applications and, to this end, the provisions of this Article are severable." 2
SECTION 3.(b) Chapter 99D of the General Statutes is amended by adding a new 3
Article 1 to be entitled "Interference with Civil Rights" and to consist of G.S. 99D-1. The Revisor 4
of Statutes shall substitute "section" for "Chapter" anywhere it appears in G.S. 99D-1. 5
SECTION 4. G.S. 166A-19.2 reads as rewritten: 6
"§ 166A-19.2. Construction; limitations. 7
(a) Construction. – Nothing in this Article shall be construed to do any of the following: 8
(1) Interfere with dissemination of news or comment on public affairs; but any 9
communications facility or organization, including, but not limited to, radio 10
and television stations, wire services, and newspapers may be requested to 11
transmit or print public service messages furnishing information or 12
instructions in connection with an emergency, disaster, or war. 13
(2) Limit, modify, or abridge the authority of the Governor to declare martial law 14
or exercise any other powers vested in the Governor under the North Carolina 15
Constitution, statutes, or common law of this State independent of, or in 16
conjunction with, any provisions of this Article. 17
(b) Religious Institutions. – No religious institution shall be is subject to an executive 18
order, secretarial declaration, municipal or local government prohibition or restriction, or a rule 19
or regulation by a political subdivision of this State that distinguishes between religious 20
institutions and other public or private for-profit or nonprofit entities that are subject to or 21
affected by the same or similar emergency in a way that imposes additional limitations on the 22
religious institution. For the purposes of this subsection, the term "religious institution" has the 23
same meaning as in G.S. 131F-2. 24
A religious institution may be required to comply with neutral health, safety, or occupancy 25
requirements during a state of emergency that are applicable to all organizations or businesses 26
providing essential services if those requirements do not impose a substantial burden on religious 27
services or if the State demonstrates that the burden is both (i) essential to further a compelling 28
State interest and (ii) the least restrictive means of furthering that interest. For the purposes of 29
asserting a violation of this subsection, to the extent that G.S. 99D-23 conflicts with Part 7 of this 30
Article, G.S. 99D-23 prevails. 31
(c) Limitation. – Nothing in this Article authorizes or empowers the Governor or the 32
Governor's designee to waive, modify, suspend, or fail to enforce or execute any provision of 33
Chapter 96 of the General Statutes." 34
SECTION 5. If any section or provision of this act is declared unconstitutional or 35
invalid by the courts, it does not affect the validity of this act as a whole or any part other than 36
the part so declared to be unconstitutional or invalid. 37
SECTION 6. This act is effective when it becomes law and applies to State action 38
in effect on or after that date. 39