New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

New Mexico House Bill HB401 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

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28	28	HOUSE BILL 401
29	29	57
30	30	TH LEGISLATURE
31	31	-
32	32
33	33	STATE
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35	35	OF
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37	37	NEW
38	38
39	39	MEXICO
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41	41	-
42	42	FIRST SESSION
43	43	,
44	44
45	45	2025
46	46	INTRODUCED BY
47	47	Linda Serrato
48	48	AN ACT
49	49	RELATING TO ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; ENACTING THE ARTIFICIAL
50	50	INTELLIGENCE SYNTHETIC CONTENT ACCOUNTABILITY ACT; PROVIDING
51	51	FOR CIVIL AND CRIMINAL ENFORCEMENT FOR IMPROPER USE OF
52	52	SYNTHETIC CONTENT CREATED BY ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE; PROVIDING
53	53	PENALTIES.
54	54	BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO:
55	55	SECTION 1. [NEW MATERIAL] SHORT TITLE.--This act may be
56	56	cited as the "Artificial Intelligence Synthetic Content
57	57	Accountability Act".
58	58	SECTION 2. [NEW MATERIAL] DEFINITIONS.--As used in the
59	59	Artificial Intelligence Synthetic Content Accountability Act:
60	60	A. "artificial intelligence" means an engineered or
61	61	machine-based system that has various levels of autonomy and,
62	62	for explicit or implicit objectives, can infer from input the
63	63	.229777.2 underscored material = new
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90	90	system receives how to generate outputs that can influence
91	91	physical or virtual environments;
92	92	B. "artificial intelligence red-teaming" means
93	93	structured testing of a generative artificial intelligence
94	94	system to identify harmful or discriminatory outputs,
95	95	unforeseen or undesirable system behaviors, limitations,
96	96	potential risks associated with the misuse of the system or
97	97	other flaws or vulnerabilities of the system;
98	98	C. "biometric system" means a technology system
99	99	that links the identity of a person to the person's unique
100	100	physical characteristics, including the person's fingerprints,
101	101	iris or face;
102	102	D. "content" means images, videos or audio
103	103	materials;
104	104	E. "covered synthetic content" means all synthetic
105	105	content except for text;
106	106	F. "depicted person" means a person depicted in
107	107	covered synthetic content;
108	108	G. "digital fingerprint" means a unique set of
109	109	information that can be used to identify identical or similar
110	110	digital content;
111	111	H. "digital identification" means information
112	112	stored on a digital network that serves as proof of the
113	113	identity of an individual person;
114	114	I. "digital signature" means a cryptography-based
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143	143	method that uses provenance data to verify that an individual
144	144	or an entity participated in the creation of certain digital
145	145	content;
146	146	J. "generative artificial intelligence system"
147	147	means an artificial intelligence system that is capable of
148	148	generating synthetic content or derivative synthetic content;
149	149	K. "large online platform":
150	150	(1) means a public-facing or semi-public-
151	151	facing, internet-based service or application that:
152	152	(a) has had at least one hundred
153	153	thousand users in New Mexico during the preceding twelve
154	154	months;
155	155	(b) substantially functions to connect
156	156	platform users to allow social interactions among users within
157	157	the platform; and
158	158	(c) can facilitate the sharing of
159	159	content; and
160	160	(2) does not mean a system that provides email
161	161	or direct messaging communication services alone;
162	162	L. "minor modification", with respect to
163	163	nonsynthetic content, means content that has been changed in a
164	164	way that does not significantly affect the meaning or
165	165	perception of the content, including changes to the brightness
166	166	or contrast of visual content or reduction or removal of
167	167	background noise in audio content;
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196	196	M. "nonsynthetic content" means content created by
197	197	a person that includes no modifications or only minor
198	198	modifications;
199	199	N. "provenance data" means information about the
200	200	history of the creation and modification of content, including:
201	201	(1) the name of the provider of a generative
202	202	artificial intelligence system or the camera or recording
203	203	device manufacturer that relates to the production of content;
204	204	(2) the name and version number of the
205	205	artificial intelligence system that generated the content;
206	206	(3) the name and version of the operating
207	207	system or application used to capture, create or record the
208	208	content;
209	209	(4) the time and date the content was created;
210	210	(5) information on any modifications made to
211	211	the content; and
212	212	(6) information on which portions of the
213	213	content have been changed by a generative artificial
214	214	intelligence system, if applicable;
215	215	O. "provider" means an individual who or an entity
216	216	that creates, codes, substantially modifies or otherwise
217	217	produces a generative artificial intelligence system;
218	218	P. "reasonable identity verification method" means
219	219	a method of collecting a person's identifying information
220	220	using:
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249	249	(1) a person's digital identification; or
250	250	(2) a commercial identity verification system
251	251	that verifies identity using a:
252	252	(a) government-issued identification
253	253	document;
254	254	(b) biometric system; or
255	255	(c) commercially reasonable method that
256	256	relies on public or private transactional data to verify the
257	257	identity of an individual;
258	258	Q. "state-of-the-art techniques" means techniques
259	259	with similar performance, reliability and cost compared to the
260	260	most advanced techniques internally or commercially available
261	261	within the twelve months preceding the date on which the
262	262	technique is used;
263	263	R. "synthetic content" means content that has been
264	264	produced or significantly modified from its original form by a
265	265	generative artificial intelligence system;
266	266	S. "transactional data" means a sequence of
267	267	information that documents an exchange, agreement or transfer
268	268	between two or more parties used for the purpose of completing
269	269	a request or event. "Transactional data" includes records from
270	270	mortgage, educational and employment entities;
271	271	T. "watermark" means information that is embedded
272	272	into content for the purpose of communicating the content's
273	273	provenance, history of modification or history of conveyance;
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302	302	and
303	303	U. "watermark decoder" means a software tool or
304	304	online service that can read or interpret a watermark and
305	305	provide as output the provenance data associated with the
306	306	watermark.
307	307	SECTION 3. [NEW MATERIAL] IMPROPER DISSEMINATION OF
308	308	COVERED SYNTHETIC CONTENT--CIVIL LIABILITY.--
309	309	A. A private cause of action against a person for
310	310	the nonconsensual dissemination of covered synthetic content
311	311	exists when:
312	312	(1) the person publicly disseminates covered
313	313	synthetic content with:
314	314	(a) knowledge that a depicted person in
315	315	the covered synthetic content did not consent to the
316	316	dissemination; and
317	317	(b) the intent to harass, entrap,
318	318	defame, extort or otherwise cause financial or reputational
319	319	harm to the depicted person;
320	320	(2) the covered synthetic content
321	321	realistically represents a depicted person engaging in conduct
322	322	that the depicted person did not actually engage in; and
323	323	(3) the depicted person is identifiable from:
324	324	(a) the covered synthetic content alone;
325	325	or
326	326	(b) other personal information displayed
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355	355	or disseminated in connection with the covered synthetic
356	356	content.
357	357	B. The fact that a depicted person consents to the
358	358	creation of covered synthetic content or to the nonpublic
359	359	distribution of the covered synthetic content shall not
360	360	constitute a defense to liability for a person who improperly
361	361	disseminates the covered synthetic content as provided in
362	362	Subsection A of this section.
363	363	C. A person shall not be liable for improper
364	364	dissemination of covered synthetic content as provided in
365	365	Subsection A of this section if:
366	366	(1) the dissemination is made:
367	367	(a) for the purpose of a criminal
368	368	investigation or prosecution that is otherwise lawful;
369	369	(b) for the purpose of or in connection
370	370	with a report of unlawful conduct to appropriate authorities;
371	371	or
372	372	(c) in the course of seeking or
373	373	receiving medical or mental health treatment, and the covered
374	374	synthetic content is protected from further dissemination by
375	375	the recipient;
376	376	(2) the person who disseminated the covered
377	377	synthetic content commercially obtained the content for the
378	378	purpose of the person's lawful sale of goods or services,
379	379	including artistic creations, and the depicted person knew that
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408	408	the covered synthetic content would be created and disseminated
409	409	commercially;
410	410	(3) the covered synthetic content relates to a
411	411	matter of public interest; the dissemination of the content
412	412	serves a lawful public purpose; and the person that
413	413	disseminates the content clearly identifies that the content is
414	414	covered synthetic content;
415	415	(4) the dissemination is for legitimate
416	416	scientific research or educational purposes, the covered
417	417	synthetic content is clearly identified as such and the person
418	418	who disseminates the content acts in good faith to minimize the
419	419	risk that the covered synthetic content will be further
420	420	disseminated;
421	421	(5) the dissemination is made for use in legal
422	422	proceedings and:
423	423	(a) is consistent with common practice
424	424	in civil proceedings necessary for the proper functioning of
425	425	the court system; or
426	426	(b) the content is protected by court
427	427	order that prohibits any further dissemination; or
428	428	(6) the dissemination constitutes criticism,
429	429	comment, satire, parody, news reporting, teaching, scholarship
430	430	or research and a reasonable consumer receiving the content
431	431	would not believe it to accurately represent the depicted
432	432	person's speech or conduct.
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461	461	D. In a civil action filed pursuant to this
462	462	section, the court may issue an order to protect the privacy of
463	463	the plaintiff, including protection by:
464	464	(1) allowing the plaintiff to use a pseudonym
465	465	in any documents filed in the action that will be publicly
466	466	available;
467	467	(2) requiring the parties to the action to
468	468	redact all of the plaintiff's personal identifying information
469	469	from any documents filed in the action that will be publicly
470	470	available or to file such documents under seal; or
471	471	(3) issuing a protective order for purposes of
472	472	discovery in the action, which may include an order indicating
473	473	that any intimate visual depiction or digital forgery shall
474	474	remain in the care, custody and control of the court.
475	475	E. In an action filed pursuant to this section, a
476	476	prevailing plaintiff may recover reasonable attorney fees and
477	477	costs and:
478	478	(1) liquidated damages in the amount of ten
479	479	thousand dollars ($10,000); or
480	480	(2) actual damages sustained by the plaintiff.
481	481	SECTION 4. [NEW MATERIAL] IMPROPER DISSEMINATION OF
482	482	COVERED SYNTHETIC CONTENT--CRIMINAL LIABILITY.--
483	483	A. Improper dissemination of covered synthetic
484	484	content consists of knowingly disseminating or presenting any
485	485	likeness of an identifiable person in covered synthetic content
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514	514	with the purpose of harassing, entrapping, defaming, extorting
515	515	or otherwise causing financial or reputational harm to the
516	516	depicted person.
517	517	B. A person who commits improper dissemination of
518	518	covered synthetic content is guilty of a fourth degree felony
519	519	and shall be sentenced pursuant to the provisions of Section
520	520	31-18-15 NMSA 1978.
521	521	C. The attorney general and the district attorney
522	522	in the county with jurisdiction shall have concurrent
523	523	jurisdiction to enforce the provisions of this section.
524	524	SECTION 5. [NEW MATERIAL] IDENTIFICATION OF, LABELING AND
525	525	CLASSIFYING SYNTHETIC CONTENT.--
526	526	A. A provider shall place an imperceptible
527	527	watermark that is designed to be as difficult to remove as is
528	528	reasonably possible using state-of-the-art techniques into
529	529	covered synthetic content that is produced or significantly
530	530	modified by a generative artificial intelligence system that
531	531	the provider makes available. A watermark shall:
532	532	(1) identify content as synthetic and identify
533	533	the provider to ensure that if a sample of the content is
534	534	corrupted, downscaled, cropped or otherwise damaged, the
535	535	watermark information will remain; and
536	536	(2) be compatible with widely used industry
537	537	standards.
538	538	B. If covered synthetic content is too small to
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567	567	directly contain the required provenance data that is part of a
568	568	watermark, the provider shall, at a minimum, attempt to embed
569	569	provenance data into the content that identifies the content as
570	570	partially or entirely synthetic and communicates the following
571	571	provenance data in order of priority:
572	572	(1) the name of the provider;
573	573	(2) the name and version number of the
574	574	artificial intelligence system that generated the content;
575	575	(3) the time and date the content was created;
576	576	and
577	577	(4) if applicable, the specific portions of
578	578	the content that are synthetic.
579	579	C. A provider shall:
580	580	(1) make available, at no cost to the public,
581	581	a watermark decoder that:
582	582	(a) provides an easy and quick method
583	583	for a user of the decoder to assess the provenance of a single
584	584	piece of content; and
585	585	(b) to the greatest extent possible,
586	586	adheres to relevant national or international standards;
587	587	(2) before the release of any new generative
588	588	artificial intelligence system, and annually thereafter,
589	589	conduct artificial intelligence red-teaming involving third-
590	590	party experts to test whether watermarks in the system can be
591	591	easily removed from covered synthetic content produced by a
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620	620	provider's generative artificial intelligence system, as well
621	621	as whether the provider's generative artificial intelligence
622	622	systems can be used to falsely add watermarks to otherwise
623	623	nonsynthetic content;
624	624	(3) if the provider allows its generative
625	625	artificial intelligence system to be downloaded and modified,
626	626	conduct additional artificial intelligence red-teaming to
627	627	assess whether the provider's system's watermark
628	628	functionalities can be disabled without authorization;
629	629	(4) make summaries of its artificial
630	630	intelligence red-teaming exercises publicly available in
631	631	electronic form and provide a clearly labeled link to the
632	632	summaries on the provider's internet website home page. The
633	633	link shall be similar in appearance and size relative to other
634	634	links on the same web page. The provider shall remove from the
635	635	summaries any details that pose an immediate risk to public
636	636	safety or provide information that could be used to disable or
637	637	circumvent the functionality of watermarks specified in the
638	638	Artificial Intelligence Synthetic Content Accountability Act;
639	639	(5) submit a full report of each artificial
640	640	intelligence red-teaming exercise it conducts to the attorney
641	641	general within six months of completion of the exercise;
642	642	(6) within ninety-six hours of discovering a
643	643	material vulnerability or failure in a generative artificial
644	644	intelligence system related to the erroneous or malicious
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673	673	inclusion or removal of provenance data or watermarks, report
674	674	the vulnerability or failure to the attorney general; and:
675	675	(a) notify other providers that may be
676	676	affected by similar vulnerabilities or failures in a manner
677	677	that allows the other providers to protect their own artificial
678	678	intelligence systems but does not compromise the reporting
679	679	provider's systems or disclose the reporting provider's
680	680	confidential or proprietary information; and
681	681	(b) use commercially reasonable efforts
682	682	to notify parties affected by the vulnerability or failure
683	683	identified, including notification to online platforms,
684	684	researchers or users who received incorrect results from a
685	685	watermark decoder or users who produced covered synthetic
686	686	content that contained incorrect or insufficient provenance
687	687	data; provided, however, that a provider shall not be required
688	688	to notify an affected party whose contact information the
689	689	provider has not previously collected or retained; and
690	690	(7) make any report to the attorney general
691	691	required pursuant to this section publicly available by
692	692	providing a clearly labeled link to the report on the
693	693	provider's internet website home page. The link shall be
694	694	similar in appearance and size relative to other links on the
695	695	same web page; provided, however, that if public disclosure of
696	696	the report could or does present public safety risks, a
697	697	provider may instead:
698	698	.229777.2
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726	726	(a) post a summary disclosure of the
727	727	reported material vulnerability or failure; or
728	728	(b) for no longer than thirty days,
729	729	delay the public disclosure of the report until the public
730	730	safety risks have been mitigated. If a provider delays public
731	731	disclosure, the provider shall also document all efforts to
732	732	resolve the material vulnerability or failure as quickly as
733	733	possible.
734	734	D. A provider and any distributor of software or
735	735	online services shall not make available to any person a
736	736	system, application, tool or service that is designed to remove
737	737	watermarks from covered synthetic content.
738	738	E. A large online platform shall use the provenance
739	739	data of content and state-of-the-art techniques to classify
740	740	content that is uploaded by users. If the large online
741	741	platform is able to detect and interpret the provenance data of
742	742	content, using that provenance data, the large online platform
743	743	shall classify the content as "fully synthetic", "partially
744	744	synthetic", "nonsynthetic" or "nonsynthetic with minor
745	745	modifications". If content uploaded to or distributed on a
746	746	large online platform by a user does not contain provenance
747	747	data, or if the provenance data cannot be interpreted or
748	748	detected by the platform, the platform shall classify the
749	749	content as "content of unknown provenance".
750	750	F. For content classified as content of unknown
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779	779	provenance according to Subsection E of this section, a large
780	780	online platform shall further use state-of-the-art techniques
781	781	to classify content as "possibly covered synthetic content with
782	782	unknown provenance" or "possibly nonsynthetic content of
783	783	unknown provenance".
784	784	G. A large online platform shall use labels to
785	785	disclose the classification assigned to content in accordance
786	786	with this section. The labels shall prominently display
787	787	whether content was classified using provenance data or state-
788	788	of-the-art techniques and which classification the content was
789	789	assigned, as provided in Subsections E and F of this section.
790	790	If content was classified according to provenance data, the
791	791	platform shall ensure that a user is able to click or tap on a
792	792	label to inspect provenance data, which shall be presented in a
793	793	clear and simple format. If content was classified according
794	794	to state-of-the-art techniques, the platform shall include an
795	795	additional label that warns users that the technique may have
796	796	incorrectly classified the content and discloses the
797	797	approximate error rate of the technique used to classify the
798	798	content.
799	799	H. Disclosures required pursuant to this section
800	800	shall be readily legible to an average viewer or, if the
801	801	disclosure is made in audio format, shall be clearly audible.
802	802	A disclosure in audio form shall occur at the beginning and end
803	803	of a piece of audio content and shall be presented in a
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832	832	prominent manner and at a comparable volume and speaking
833	833	cadence as other spoken words in the content.
834	834	I. A user of a large online platform shall have
835	835	reasonable opportunity to appeal the classification of content
836	836	by a large online platform.
837	837	SECTION 6. [NEW MATERIAL] ENFORCEMENT.--
838	838	A. The attorney general may enforce the provisions
839	839	of the Artificial Intelligence Synthetic Content Accountability
840	840	Act and may promulgate any rules necessary to implement and
841	841	enforce the provisions of that act.
842	842	B. Prior to filing a civil action to enforce the
843	843	Artificial Intelligence Synthetic Content Accountability Act,
844	844	the attorney general may issue a civil investigative demand
845	845	based on a reasonable belief that a person may be in
846	846	possession, custody or control of an original or copy of any
847	847	book, record, report, memorandum, paper, communication,
848	848	tabulation, map, chart, photograph, mechanical transcription or
849	849	other document or recording relevant to the subject matter of
850	850	an investigation of a probable violation of that act. A person
851	851	issued an investigative demand shall produce the material
852	852	sought and shall permit it to be copied and inspected. The
853	853	demand of the attorney general and any material produced in
854	854	response to it shall not be a matter of public record and shall
855	855	not be published by the attorney general except by order of the
856	856	court.
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885	885	C. Upon reasonable belief that there has been a
886	886	violation of the Artificial Intelligence Synthetic Content
887	887	Accountability Act, the attorney general:
888	888	(1) may bring an action in the name of the
889	889	state to enforce that act;
890	890	(2) may petition the district court for
891	891	injunctive relief;
892	892	(3) shall not be required to post bond when
893	893	seeking a temporary or permanent injunction; and
894	894	(4) may recover on behalf of the state a
895	895	penalty of not less than five thousand dollars ($5,000) and not
896	896	more than ten thousand dollars ($10,000) for each violation of
897	897	that act.
898	898	SECTION 7. [NEW MATERIAL] POSTING SYNTHETIC CONTENT--
899	899	IDENTITY VERIFICATION REQUIRED.--
900	900	A. A large online platform shall use a reasonable
901	901	identity verification method to verify a platform user's
902	902	identity before allowing the user to post content on the
903	903	platform if the content:
904	904	(1) was classified by the platform as fully
905	905	synthetic, partially synthetic or possibly covered synthetic
906	906	content of unknown provenance as provided in the Artificial
907	907	Intelligence Synthetic Content Accountability Act; and
908	908	(2) purports to depict reality.
909	909	B. The verification process provided for in
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938	938	Subsection A of this section shall be performed each time a
939	939	platform user attempts to post content that meets the
940	940	descriptions in Paragraph (1) or (2) of that subsection or if
941	941	more than sixty minutes has elapsed since the previous
942	942	verification was performed in connection with that user's
943	943	content; provided, however, that verification shall not be
944	944	required to be performed more frequently than every sixty
945	945	minutes.
946	946	C. A large online platform shall protect any
947	947	information obtained while performing actions required pursuant
948	948	to this section using, at a minimum, the industry standard to
949	949	protect users' most sensitive information, including medical or
950	950	financial data.
951	951	D. A large online platform shall not use
952	952	identification information provided by a user or obtained by
953	953	the platform in the process of actions required pursuant to
954	954	this section for any purpose other than compliance with this
955	955	section.
956	956	E. A large online platform shall disclose
957	957	information obtained pursuant to actions performed pursuant to
958	958	this section only as required by a court order. A court shall
959	959	only issue an order for disclosure of such information in a
960	960	civil case if:
961	961	(1) the plaintiff in the case undertakes
962	962	efforts to notify the person that posted the content and whose
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991	991	information was obtained through a verification process
992	992	pursuant to this section that they are the subject of a
993	993	subpoena or application for an order of disclosure, and the
994	994	person has had a reasonable opportunity to oppose the subpoena
995	995	or application;
996	996	(2) the plaintiff identifies and sets forth
997	997	the exact statements or provides information sufficient to
998	998	identify the content about which the case was filed;
999	999	(3) the plaintiff sets forth a prima facie
1000	1000	case against the person that posted the content and whose
1001	1001	information was obtained through a verification process
1002	1002	pursuant to this section by producing evidence for each element
1003	1003	of the cause of action; and
1004	1004	(4) the court determines that the rights of
1005	1005	the person that posted the content and whose information was
1006	1006	obtained through a verification process pursuant to this
1007	1007	section under the first amendment to the United States
1008	1008	constitution are outweighed by the strength of the prima facie
1009	1009	case presented by the plaintiff and the necessity for the
1010	1010	disclosure of the person's identity.
1011	1011	F. A large online platform shall disclose
1012	1012	information obtained through actions performed pursuant to this
1013	1013	section only as required by a court order. A court shall only
1014	1014	issue an order for disclosure of such information in a criminal
1015	1015	case if the attorney general:
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1044	1044	(1) has a warrant covering the information
1045	1045	sought; or
1046	1046	(2) offers specific and articulable facts
1047	1047	showing reasonable grounds to believe that the information
1048	1048	sought is relevant and material to an ongoing criminal
1049	1049	investigation.
1050	1050	G. A large online platform shall clearly and
1051	1051	prominently disclose to platform users that information
1052	1052	obtained by the platform through the platform's compliance with
1053	1053	the Artificial Intelligence Synthetic Content Accountability
1054	1054	Act will be released only pursuant to a court order.
1055	1055	SECTION 8. [NEW MATERIAL] SEVERABILITY.--If any part or
1056	1056	application of the Artificial Intelligence Synthetic Content
1057	1057	Accountability Act is held invalid, the remainder of its
1058	1058	application to other situations or persons shall not be
1059	1059	affected.
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