New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

New Mexico House Bill HB514 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

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28	28	HOUSE BILL 514
29	29	57
30	30	TH LEGISLATURE
31	31	-
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33	33	STATE
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35	35	OF
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39	39	MEXICO
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41	41	-
42	42	FIRST SESSION
43	43	,
44	44
45	45	2025
46	46	INTRODUCED BY
47	47	Marianna Anaya and Cristina Parajón
48	48	AN ACT
49	49	RELATING TO CRIME; AMENDING DEFINITIONS IN THE PROBATION AND
50	50	PAROLE ACT; PROVIDING PROCEDURES FOR SANCTIONS FOR TECHNICAL
51	51	VIOLATIONS FOR A PAROLEE WHO VIOLATES THE CONDITIONS OF RELEASE
52	52	OR PROBATION; PROVIDING FOR THE DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION
53	53	OF A GRADUATED RESPONSE SYSTEM FOR PROBATION AND PAROLE
54	54	VIOLATIONS.
55	55	BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO:
56	56	SECTION 1. A new section of Chapter 31, Article 20 NMSA
57	57	1978 is enacted to read:
58	58	"[NEW MATERIAL] GRADUATED RESPONSES--TRAINING PROGRAM--
59	59	SYSTEM PLAN REPORT.--
60	60	A. The corrections department shall develop and
61	61	implement a system of graduated responses to be used in
62	62	response to behavior while on probation and parole, including
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90	90	technical violations and absconding as defined in Section
91	91	31-21-5 NMSA 1978 and positive behavior and achievements.
92	92	B. The system of graduated responses shall set
93	93	forth presumptive sanctions for the most common types of
94	94	supervision violations and take into account factors such as:
95	95	(1) the severity of the current violation;
96	96	(2) the supervised individual's previous
97	97	criminal record;
98	98	(3) the number and severity of any previous
99	99	supervision violations;
100	100	(4) the supervised individual's assessed risk
101	101	level; and
102	102	(5) the extent to which graduated sanctions
103	103	were imposed for previous violations.
104	104	C. The system shall also define positive
105	105	reinforcements that supervised individuals shall receive for
106	106	compliance with conditions of supervision.
107	107	D. The system shall clearly specify as to each type
108	108	of sanction whether the supervised individual has the option to
109	109	object and seek review of imposition of the sanction.
110	110	E. The presumptive sanctions included in the system
111	111	of graduated responses shall be exhausted prior to pursuing a
112	112	return for revocation pursuant to Sections 31-21-14 and
113	113	31-21-15 NMSA 1978.
114	114	F. The corrections department shall establish and
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143	143	maintain a program of initial and ongoing training for
144	144	probation and parole officers on the use of graduated
145	145	sanctions, including a review process as provided in Subsection
146	146	D of this section.
147	147	G. The corrections department shall present the
148	148	system plan to the legislature no later than January 1, 2026,
149	149	and the system shall be implemented no later than July 1,
150	150	2026."
151	151	SECTION 2. Section 31-21-5 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1978,
152	152	Chapter 41, Section 1, as amended) is amended to read:
153	153	"31-21-5. DEFINITIONS.--As used in the Probation and
154	154	Parole Act:
155	155	A. "probation" means the procedure under which an
156	156	adult defendant, found guilty of a crime upon verdict or plea,
157	157	is released by the court without imprisonment under a suspended
158	158	or deferred sentence and subject to conditions;
159	159	B. "parole" means the release to the community of
160	160	an inmate of an institution by decision of the board or by
161	161	operation of law, subject to conditions imposed by the board
162	162	and to its supervision;
163	163	C. "institution" means the state penitentiary and
164	164	any other similar state institution hereinafter created;
165	165	D. "board" means the parole board;
166	166	E. "director" means the director of the adult
167	167	probation and parole division of the corrections department or
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196	196	any employee designated by the director;
197	197	F. "adult" means any person convicted of a crime by
198	198	a district court;
199	199	G. "geriatric inmate" means a person who:
200	200	(1) is serving a sentence and is confined in a
201	201	prison or other correctional institution under the control of
202	202	the corrections department;
203	203	(2) is fifty-five years of age or older;
204	204	(3) suffers from a debilitating and chronic
205	205	infirmity, illness or disease related to aging; and
206	206	(4) does not constitute a danger to the
207	207	person's own self or to society at the time of review;
208	208	H. "permanently incapacitated inmate" means a
209	209	person who:
210	210	(1) is serving a sentence and is confined in a
211	211	prison or other correctional institution under the control of
212	212	the corrections department;
213	213	(2) by reason of an existing medical condition
214	214	is permanently and irreversibly physically incapacitated; and
215	215	(3) does not constitute a danger to the
216	216	person's own self or to society at the time of review; [and ]
217	217	I. "terminally ill inmate" means a person who:
218	218	(1) is serving a sentence and is confined in a
219	219	prison or other correctional institution under the control of
220	220	the corrections department;
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249	249	(2) has an incurable condition caused by
250	250	illness or disease that will, within reasonable medical
251	251	judgment, produce death within six months; and
252	252	(3) does not constitute a danger to the
253	253	person's own self or to society at the time of review;
254	254	J. "absconding" means when a person on supervision
255	255	willfully makes the person's whereabouts unknown or fails to
256	256	report for the purposes of avoiding supervision, and reasonable
257	257	efforts to locate the person have been unsuccessful;
258	258	K. "screening and assessment" means a preliminary
259	259	appraisal of a person and a determination of whether the person
260	260	needs and, if so, will accept on a voluntary basis a
261	261	comprehensive evaluation, treatment, referral and other
262	262	appropriate services, either on an inpatient or an outpatient
263	263	basis;
264	264	L. "technical violation" means the violation of
265	265	conditions of probation or parole, other than:
266	266	(1) an arrest for a new crime;
267	267	(2) absconding;
268	268	(3) having contact with the victim or a
269	269	witness for the case under which the individual is on
270	270	supervision; and
271	271	(4) a violation of a permanent or temporary
272	272	order of protection issued by the court pursuant to Section
273	273	40-13-5 or 40-13A-5 NMSA 1978;
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302	302	M. "validated risk and needs assessment instrument"
303	303	means an actuarial tool scientifically proven to determine a
304	304	person's risk to reoffend and criminal risk factors that, when
305	305	properly addressed, can reduce that person's likelihood of
306	306	committing future criminal behavior; and
307	307	N. "violation response guidelines" mean objective,
308	308	standardized procedures for responding to violations ."
309	309	SECTION 3. Section 31-21-14 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1955,
310	310	Chapter 232, Section 17, as amended) is amended to read:
311	311	"31-21-14. RETURN OF PAROLE VIOLATOR.--
312	312	A. At any time during release on parole, and after
313	313	exhaustion of all appropriate graduated responses pursuant to
314	314	Section 1 of this 2025 act , the board or the director may issue
315	315	a warrant for the arrest of the released [prisoner ] parolee for
316	316	violation of any of the conditions of release or issue a notice
317	317	to appear to answer a charge of violation. The notice shall be
318	318	served personally upon the [prisoner ] parolee. The warrant
319	319	shall authorize the [superintendent ] warden of the institution
320	320	from which the [prisoner ] parolee was released to return the
321	321	prisoner to the actual custody of the institution or to any
322	322	other suitable detention facility designated by the board or
323	323	the director. If the [prisoner ] parolee is out of the state,
324	324	the warrant shall authorize the [superintendent ] warden to
325	325	return [him] the parolee to the state.
326	326	B. If graduated responses have been exhausted , the
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355	355	director may arrest the [prisoner ] parolee without a warrant or
356	356	may deputize [any] an officer with power of arrest to do so by
357	357	giving [him] the officer a written statement setting forth that
358	358	the [prisoner] parolee has, in the judgment of the director,
359	359	violated the conditions of [his ] the parolee's release. Where
360	360	an arrest is made without a warrant, the [prisoner ] parolee
361	361	shall not be returned to the institution unless authorized by
362	362	the director or the board. Pending hearing as provided by law
363	363	upon any charge of violation, the [prisoner ] parolee shall
364	364	remain incarcerated in the institution.
365	365	C. Upon arrest and detention, or service of a
366	366	notice to appear, the board shall cause the [prisoner ] parolee
367	367	to be promptly brought before it for a parole revocation
368	368	hearing on the parole violation charged, under rules [and
369	369	regulations] the board may adopt. If violation is established,
370	370	the board may continue or revoke the parole or enter any other
371	371	order as it sees fit.
372	372	D. For a violation that constitutes a technical
373	373	violation, the board shall:
374	374	(1) for the first technical violation,
375	375	temporarily revoke supervision and impose a period of
376	376	incarceration of up to fifteen days;
377	377	(2) for the second technical violation,
378	378	temporarily revoke supervision and impose a period of
379	379	incarceration of up to thirty days;
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408	408	(3) for the third technical violation,
409	409	temporarily revoke supervision and impose a period of
410	410	incarceration of up to ninety days; and
411	411	(4) for the fourth and subsequent technical
412	412	violations, revoke supervision and impose a period of
413	413	incarceration not to exceed the remainder of the parolee's
414	414	sentence.
415	415	E. The board may impose a period of incarceration
416	416	beyond the periods outlined in Subsection D of this section if
417	417	the board finds that additional detention is necessary for the
418	418	parolee's rehabilitation or public safety and the board
419	419	describes, on the record, the basis for the extended period of
420	420	incarceration.
421	421	[D.] F. A [prisoner] parolee for whose return a
422	422	warrant has been issued shall, if it is found that the warrant
423	423	cannot be served, be a fugitive from justice. If it appears
424	424	that [he] the parolee has violated the provisions of [his ] the
425	425	parolee's release, the board shall determine whether the time
426	426	from the date of the violation to the date of [his ] the
427	427	parolee's arrest, or any part of it, shall be counted as time
428	428	served under the sentence.
429	429	G. The board may issue sanctions for technical
430	430	violations that are harsher than those in the graduated
431	431	schedule of sanctions for an individual currently serving a
432	432	period of supervision under a suspended, deferred or
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461	461	conditional discharge from a plea or conviction that includes a
462	462	serious violent offense as enumerated in Subparagraphs (a)
463	463	through (n) of Paragraph (4) of Subsection L of Section 33-2-34
464	464	NMSA 1978; provided, however, that the court may only issue
465	465	said harsher sanction if it finds by clear and convincing
466	466	evidence that there is a direct relationship between the
467	467	individual's technical violation and the underlying serious
468	468	violent offense pursuant to Section 33-2-4 NMSA 1978 for which
469	469	the individual is currently on supervision. "
470	470	SECTION 4. Section 31-21-15 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1963,
471	471	Chapter 301, Section 13, as amended by Laws 2016, Chapter 27,
472	472	Section 1 and by Laws 2016, Chapter 31, Section 1) is amended
473	473	to read:
474	474	"31-21-15. RETURN OF PROBATION VIOLATOR.--
475	475	A. At any time during probation, and after the
476	476	exhaustion of graduated responses pursuant to Section 1 of this
477	477	2025 act:
478	478	(1) the court may issue a warrant for the
479	479	arrest of a probationer for violation of any of the conditions
480	480	of release. The warrant shall authorize the return of the
481	481	probationer to the custody of the court or to any suitable
482	482	detention facility designated by the court;
483	483	(2) the court may issue a notice to appear to
484	484	answer a charge of violation. The notice shall be personally
485	485	served upon the probationer; or
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514	514	(3) the director may arrest a probationer
515	515	without warrant or may deputize any officer with power of
516	516	arrest to do so by giving the officer a written statement
517	517	setting forth that the probationer has, in the judgment of the
518	518	director, violated the conditions of the probationer's release.
519	519	The written statement, delivered with the probationer by the
520	520	arresting officer to the official in charge of a county jail or
521	521	other place of detention, is sufficient warrant for the
522	522	detention of the probationer. Upon the probationer's arrest
523	523	and detention, the director shall immediately notify the court
524	524	and submit in writing a report showing in what manner the
525	525	probationer has violated the conditions of release.
526	526	B. The court shall then hold a hearing, which may
527	527	be informal, on the violation charged. If the violation is
528	528	established, the court may:
529	529	(1) continue the original probation; [or ]
530	530	(2) revoke the probation and either order a
531	531	new probation with any condition provided for in Section
532	532	31-20-5 or 31-20-6 NMSA 1978 or require the probationer to
533	533	serve the balance of the sentence imposed or any lesser
534	534	sentence; or
535	535	(3) temporarily revoke probation for a
536	536	technical violation and impose a fixed period of incarceration
537	537	pursuant to Subsection D of this section.
538	538	C. If imposition of sentence was deferred, the
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567	567	court may impose any sentence that might originally have been
568	568	imposed, but credit shall be given for time served on
569	569	probation.
570	570	D. For a violation that constitutes a technical
571	571	violation, the court shall:
572	572	(1) for the first technical violation,
573	573	temporarily revoke supervision and impose a period of
574	574	incarceration for up to fifteen days;
575	575	(2) for the second technical violation,
576	576	temporarily revoke supervision and impose a period of
577	577	incarceration for up to thirty days;
578	578	(3) for a third technical violation,
579	579	temporarily revoke supervision and impose a period of
580	580	incarceration of up to ninety days; and
581	581	(4) for the fourth and subsequent technical
582	582	violation, revoke supervision and impose a period of
583	583	incarceration not to exceed the length of the original sentence
584	584	imposed prior to the suspension in lieu of probation.
585	585	E. The court may impose a period of incarceration
586	586	beyond the periods outlined in Subsection D of this section if
587	587	the court finds that the additional detention is necessary for
588	588	the probationer's rehabilitation or public safety and the court
589	589	describes, on record, the basis for the extended period of
590	590	incarceration.
591	591	[C.] F. If it is found that a warrant for the
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620	620	return of a probationer cannot be served, the probationer is a
621	621	fugitive from justice. After hearing upon return, if it
622	622	appears that the probationer has violated the provisions of the
623	623	probationer's release, the court shall determine whether the
624	624	time from the date of violation to the date of the
625	625	probationer's arrest, or any part of it, shall be counted as
626	626	time served on probation. For the purposes of this subsection,
627	627	"probationer" means a person convicted of a crime by a
628	628	district, metropolitan, magistrate or municipal court.
629	629	[D.] G. The board shall budget funds to cover
630	630	expenses of returning probationers to the court. The sheriff
631	631	of the county in which the probationer was convicted is the
632	632	court's agent in the transportation of the probationer, but the
633	633	director, with the consent of the court, may utilize other
634	634	state agencies for this purpose when it is in the best interest
635	635	of the state.
636	636	H. The court may issue sanctions for technical
637	637	violations that are harsher than those in the graduated
638	638	schedule of sanctions for an individual currently serving a
639	639	period of supervision under a suspended, deferred or
640	640	conditional discharge from a plea or conviction that includes a
641	641	serious violent offense as enumerated in Subparagraphs (a)
642	642	through (n) of Paragraph (4) of Subsection L of Section 33-2-34
643	643	NMSA 1978; provided, however, that the court may only issue a
644	644	harsher sanction if the court finds by clear and convincing
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673	673	evidence that there is a direct relationship between the
674	674	person's technical violation and the underlying serious violent
675	675	offense for which the person is currently on supervision. "
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