New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

New Mexico Senate Bill SB286 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.
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2828 SENATE BILL 286
2929 57
3030 TH LEGISLATURE
3131 -
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3333 STATE
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3535 OF
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3737 NEW
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3939 MEXICO
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4242 FIRST SESSION
4343 ,
4444
4545 2025
4646 INTRODUCED BY
4747 Craig W. Brandt and James G. Townsend and William E. Sharer
4848 and Larry R. Scott and Steve D. Lanier
4949 AN ACT
5050 RELATING TO EDUCATION; ENACTING THE EDUCATION FREEDOM ACCOUNT
5151 ACT; PROVIDING POWERS AND DUTIES; PROVIDING FOR EDUCATION
5252 FREEDOM ACCOUNTS; PROVIDING ALLOWABLE USES; PROVIDING
5353 PROCEDURES AND APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR PARENTS AND
5454 EDUCATION SERVICE PROVIDERS; CREATING A REVIEW COMMISSION;
5555 MAKING APPROPRIATIONS.
5656 BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO:
5757 SECTION 1. A new section of the Public School Code is
5858 enacted to read:
5959 "[NEW MATERIAL] SHORT TITLE.--This act may be cited as the
6060 "Education Freedom Account Act"."
6161 SECTION 2. A new section of the Public School Code is
6262 enacted to read:
6363 "[NEW MATERIAL] DEFINITIONS.--As used in the Education
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9191 Freedom Account Act:
9292 A. "curriculum" means a complete course of study
9393 for a particular primary or secondary content area or grade
9494 level;
9595 B. "education" means a primary or secondary
9696 education;
9797 C. "education freedom account" means the account
9898 into which money is deposited by the department to pay for
9999 qualifying educational expenses of a participating student;
100100 D. "education service provider" means a private
101101 school located in New Mexico that is qualified to provide
102102 educational goods and services to participating students and
103103 that receives payments from education freedom accounts;
104104 provided that "education service provider" does not mean an
105105 online school;
106106 E. "eligible student" means a school-age person who
107107 is a resident of New Mexico, who has not received a high school
108108 diploma or a high school equivalency credential, who is
109109 eligible for enrollment or re-enrollment in a public school and
110110 whose family's income is at or below two hundred percent of the
111111 federal poverty level;
112112 F. "participating student" means a student who is
113113 participating in the program;
114114 G. "program" means the education freedom account
115115 program; and
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144144 H. "qualifying educational expenses" means
145145 authorized expenditures from a participating student's
146146 education freedom account and includes those expenses
147147 enumerated in Paragraphs (1) through (7) of Subsection B of
148148 Section 3 of the Education Freedom Account Act."
149149 SECTION 3. A new section of the Public School Code is
150150 enacted to read:
151151 "[NEW MATERIAL] EDUCATION FREEDOM ACCOUNT PROGRAM--
152152 CREATED--FUNDING USES.--
153153 A. The "education freedom account program" is
154154 created in the department to allow the department, in contract
155155 with parents of participating students, to pay for private
156156 school and other qualifying educational expenses through
157157 "education freedom accounts". The department:
158158 (1) shall establish education freedom accounts
159159 for students who qualify for the program;
160160 (2) shall determine the amount each
161161 participating student is eligible to receive, which amount is
162162 equal to the average amount spent by school districts and
163163 charter schools on public school students in the same grade,
164164 weighted by special education and at-risk program units, if
165165 applicable; provided that a participating student shall not
166166 receive more than the student's qualifying educational
167167 expenses;
168168 (3) shall make monthly deposits into each
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197197 education freedom account; and
198198 (4) may contract for financial management
199199 services for education freedom accounts.
200200 B. Money in a participating student's education
201201 freedom account shall be used by the department, in contract
202202 with parents of participating students, only in accordance with
203203 the provisions of the Education Freedom Account Act and only
204204 for the following qualifying educational expenses:
205205 (1) tuition and fees at a private primary or
206206 secondary school that teaches, among other courses, reading,
207207 language arts, mathematics, science and social studies
208208 appropriate for the grade level of the participating student;
209209 (2) tutoring services provided by a qualified
210210 person;
211211 (3) textbooks and other instructional
212212 materials, including computer hardware and software, required
213213 by the education service provider to deliver education to the
214214 participating student;
215215 (4) fees for nationally standardized
216216 assessments, advanced placement examinations and other
217217 assessments required by the education service provider;
218218 (5) tuition or fees for summer and after-
219219 school primary or secondary programs;
220220 (6) public transportation to and from school;
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250250 (7) other educational charges approved by the
251251 department.
252252 C. The department and the parent of a participating
253253 student shall enter into an annual contract that specifies what
254254 qualifying educational expenses will be purchased each semester
255255 or other term, the cost of the educational services to be
256256 provided and by whom the educational services will be provided.
257257 The department shall not deposit into an education freedom
258258 account more than the combined cost of educational services
259259 provided to the participating student in that year. A parent
260260 shall not pay more for educational services than the parent of
261261 a similarly situated school-age person pays. Money in an
262262 education freedom account shall not be refunded, rebated or
263263 shared with a parent or participating student in any manner. A
264264 refund or rebate for educational services purchased through an
265265 education freedom account shall be credited directly to that
266266 account. A parent may make payments for the cost of
267267 educational services not covered by an education freedom
268268 account, but in no case shall a parent deposit personal funds
269269 into a participating student's account.
270270 D. Money in a participating student's education
271271 freedom account shall be issued at the direction of the
272272 participating student's parent to an education service provider
273273 in the name of the student.
274274 E. If an education service provider requires
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303303 partial payment of tuition or fees prior to the start of the
304304 academic year to reserve space for a participating student
305305 admitted to the education service provider, such partial
306306 payment may be paid by the department prior to the start of the
307307 school year in which the education freedom account is awarded
308308 and deducted in an equitable manner from subsequent monthly
309309 account deposits to ensure that adequate funds remain available
310310 throughout the school year; provided that if the participating
311311 student does not attend the education service provider to which
312312 partial payment was made, the partial payment shall be returned
313313 to the department by the education service provider for credit
314314 to the account.
315315 F. Funds deposited in an education freedom account
316316 shall not constitute taxable income for state tax purposes of
317317 the parent or the participating student.
318318 G. Except as provided in Subsection H of this
319319 section, any unexpended or unencumbered balance in an education
320320 freedom account may remain in the account until one of the
321321 following occurs, at which time the department shall close the
322322 account and the unexpended or unencumbered balance shall revert
323323 to the general fund:
324324 (1) the parent withdraws the participating
325325 student from the program;
326326 (2) the student graduates from high school; or
327327 (3) the account is closed by the department
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356356 because of misuse of funds as determined by the department.
357357 H. The department shall revert unexpended or
358358 unencumbered balances every two years unless it waives the
359359 reversion of a specific education freedom account for
360360 extenuating circumstances.
361361 I. Nothing in the Education Freedom Account Act
362362 shall be construed to require a participating student to be
363363 enrolled only in a private school, but the participating
364364 student must be in compliance with the Attendance for Success
365365 Act."
366366 SECTION 4. A new section of the Public School Code is
367367 enacted to read:
368368 "[NEW MATERIAL] EDUCATION FREEDOM ACCOUNT--APPLICATION
369369 PROCESS--RENEWAL--SUSPENSION.--
370370 A. A parent may apply to the department to
371371 establish an education freedom account for an eligible student.
372372 B. The department shall accept and approve
373373 applications year-round and shall establish procedures and
374374 rules for approving applications in an expeditious manner.
375375 C. The department shall create a standard form that
376376 parents shall submit to establish a student's eligibility for
377377 the program and shall ensure that the application is publicly
378378 available and may be submitted through various sources,
379379 including the internet.
380380 D. The department shall approve an application for
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409409 an education freedom account if:
410410 (1) the parent submits an application for an
411411 education freedom account in accordance with the application
412412 procedures established by the department;
413413 (2) the student, on whose behalf the parent is
414414 applying, is an eligible student;
415415 (3) funds are available for the program or the
416416 education freedom account; and
417417 (4) the parent signs a contract with the
418418 department agreeing:
419419 (a) to provide an education for the
420420 participating student in at least the subjects of reading,
421421 language arts, mathematics, science and social studies;
422422 (b) not to enroll the student as a full-
423423 time student in a public school while participating in the
424424 program;
425425 (c) to use the funds in the education
426426 freedom account only for qualifying educational expenses to
427427 educate the student; and
428428 (d) to comply with the rules and
429429 requirements of the program.
430430 E. The department shall annually renew a student's
431431 education freedom account if funds are available.
432432 F. Upon notice to the department, a participating
433433 student may choose to stop receiving education freedom account
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462462 funding and enroll full time in a public school. Enrolling as
463463 a full-time student in a public school shall result in the
464464 immediate suspension of payment of additional funds into the
465465 student's education freedom account; provided that, for
466466 education freedom accounts that have been open for at least one
467467 full school year, the department may allow an education freedom
468468 account to remain open and active for the parent to pay
469469 qualifying educational expenses to educate the student from
470470 money remaining in the account. The department shall revert
471471 unexpended or unencumbered balances in a student's education
472472 freedom account and close the education freedom account at the
473473 beginning of the next school year if the student is enrolled in
474474 a public school.
475475 G. If an eligible student decides to return to the
476476 program, payments into the student's education freedom account
477477 may resume if the education freedom account is still open and
478478 active. A new education freedom account may be established if
479479 the student's education freedom account is closed.
480480 H. The department may adopt rules to provide the
481481 least disruptive process for a student who chooses to stop
482482 participating in the program and enroll full time in a public
483483 school."
484484 SECTION 5. A new section of the Public School Code is
485485 enacted to read:
486486 "[NEW MATERIAL] ADDITIONAL POWERS AND DUTIES--ALLOWABLE
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515515 USES OF FUNDS--EDUCATION SERVICE PROVIDERS.--
516516 A. The department shall:
517517 (1) maintain an updated list of qualified
518518 education service providers and ensure that the list is
519519 publicly available through various sources, including the
520520 internet;
521521 (2) provide parents with a written explanation
522522 of the allowable uses of education freedom account funds, the
523523 responsibilities of parents in ensuring the education of their
524524 children, the duties of the department and the role of any
525525 private financial management firms or other private
526526 organizations that the department may contract with to
527527 administer the program or any aspect of the program;
528528 (3) ensure that parents of students with
529529 disabilities receive notice that participation in the program
530530 is a parental placement pursuant to the federal Individuals
531531 with Disabilities Education Act, along with an explanation of
532532 the rights that parentally placed students may possess under
533533 federal law and any applicable state laws and rules;
534534 (4) implement a commercially viable, cost-
535535 effective and user-friendly system for processing payments for
536536 services from an education freedom account to an education
537537 service provider by electronic or online funds transfer;
538538 provided that the department:
539539 (a) provides flexibility to parents by
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568568 facilitating direct payments to education service providers as
569569 well as requests for preapproval of and reimbursements for
570570 qualifying educational expenses; and
571571 (b) may contract with private
572572 institutions to develop the payment system;
573573 (5) implement, as soon as practicable, a
574574 commercially viable, cost-effective and user-friendly system,
575575 as part of the same system that facilitates the electronic or
576576 online funds transfers, for parents to publicly rate, review
577577 and share information about education service providers;
578578 (6) continue making deposits into a student's
579579 education freedom account until the:
580580 (a) department has been notified or
581581 determines that the student is no longer a participating
582582 student;
583583 (b) department determines that there was
584584 misuse of the funds in the education freedom account;
585585 (c) student withdraws from the program;
586586 (d) student enrolls full time in a
587587 public school; or
588588 (e) student graduates from high school;
589589 (7) audit individual education freedom
590590 accounts;
591591 (8) make a parent or participating student
592592 ineligible for the program in the event of misuse of education
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621621 freedom account funds; provided that if a parent is determined
622622 to be ineligible for the program and the participating student
623623 is free from personal misconduct, that student may be eligible
624624 for an education freedom account if placed with a new guardian
625625 or other person with the legal authority to act on behalf of
626626 the student;
627627 (9) refer suspected cases of misuse of
628628 education freedom account funds to law enforcement if evidence
629629 of fraudulent use of education freedom account funds exists;
630630 (10) create procedures to ensure that a fair
631631 process exists to determine whether a misuse of education
632632 freedom account funds has occurred; and
633633 (11) create procedures to ensure that a fair
634634 process exists to determine whether an education service
635635 provider may be barred from receiving payments from education
636636 freedom accounts; provided that an education service provider
637637 may appeal the department's decision to bar the education
638638 service provider from receiving payments from education freedom
639639 accounts; and provided further that if the department bars an
640640 education service provider from receiving payments, the
641641 department shall notify parents of participating students of
642642 the department's decision.
643643 B. The department may:
644644 (1) contract with private organizations to
645645 administer the program or specific functions of the program,
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674674 including contracting with private financial management firms
675675 to manage education freedom accounts;
676676 (2) withhold from deposits or deduct from an
677677 education freedom account an amount to cover the costs of
678678 administering the program, in an amount up to a maximum of five
679679 percent annually in the first two years of the program and up
680680 to a maximum of three percent annually thereafter;
681681 (3) bar an education service provider from
682682 accepting payments from education freedom accounts if the
683683 department determines that the education service provider has:
684684 (a) substantially misrepresented
685685 information or failed to refund any overpayments in a timely
686686 manner; or
687687 (b) failed to provide participating
688688 students with sufficient educational goods or services;
689689 (4) accept gifts, grants and donations from
690690 any source to cover administrative costs, to inform the public
691691 about the program or to fund additional education freedom
692692 accounts; and
693693 (5) adopt rules in accordance with the State
694694 Rules Act that are consistent with the Education Freedom
695695 Account Act and necessary for the administration of that act,
696696 including rules:
697697 (a) establishing or contracting for the
698698 establishment of an online anonymous fraud reporting service;
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727727 (b) establishing an anonymous telephone
728728 hotline for fraud reporting;
729729 (c) requiring a surety bond for
730730 education service providers receiving more than one hundred
731731 thousand dollars ($100,000) in education freedom account funds;
732732 or
733733 (d) for refunding payments from
734734 education service providers to education freedom accounts."
735735 SECTION 6. A new section of the Public School Code is
736736 enacted to read:
737737 "[NEW MATERIAL] EDUCATION SERVICE PROVIDERS--
738738 APPLICATIONS--AUTONOMY--NOT ACTING FOR THE STATE.--
739739 A. The department by rule shall provide the
740740 application process and procedures for prospective education
741741 service providers to apply for listing as an eligible education
742742 service provider. An application form signed by a prospective
743743 education service provider warrants that the education service
744744 provider:
745745 (1) shall not refund, rebate or share money
746746 from education freedom accounts with parents or participating
747747 students and shall return refunds to the department; and
748748 (2) shall provide the education services
749749 contained in the agreement entered into with a parent.
750750 B. An education service provider is not an agent of
751751 the state or federal government, a local school board or school
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780780 district or governing authority or charter school. No action
781781 of an education service provider shall be construed as an
782782 action by the state or any of its departments, institutions or
783783 political subdivisions.
784784 C. An education service provider shall not be
785785 required to alter its creed, practices, admissions policy or
786786 curriculum to accept payments pursuant to the Education Freedom
787787 Account Act except as provided in that act."
788788 SECTION 7. A new section of the Public School Code is
789789 enacted to read:
790790 "[NEW MATERIAL] STUDENT RECORDS.--Upon being notified that
791791 a participating student is enrolled with an education service
792792 provider, a public school that previously enrolled the
793793 participating student shall provide the education service
794794 provider with the student's school records. The public school
795795 and the education service provider shall comply with the
796796 provisions of the federal Family Educational Rights and Privacy
797797 Act of 1974 when sharing student records."
798798 SECTION 8. A new section of the Public School Code is
799799 enacted to read:
800800 "[NEW MATERIAL] EDUCATION FREEDOM REVIEW COMMISSION.--
801801 A. The department shall create the "education
802802 freedom review commission" to assist the department in
803803 determining what expenditures meet the requirements to be
804804 considered qualifying educational expenses to educate a
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833833 participating student and to provide recommendations to the
834834 department on how to implement, administer and improve the
835835 program.
836836 B. The education freedom review commission shall
837837 consist of nine voting members who shall be:
838838 (1) five parents of participating students and
839839 represent no fewer than four counties of the state; and
840840 (2) four New Mexico licensed educators.
841841 C. The voting members shall be appointed by the
842842 secretary and shall serve at the pleasure of the secretary.
843843 The secretary, or the secretary's designee, shall serve as the
844844 nonvoting chair of the education freedom review commission.
845845 D. The department may request that the education
846846 freedom review commission meet, in person or through a virtual
847847 or telephonic platform, to:
848848 (1) determine whether an expenditure from an
849849 education freedom account is or was a qualifying educational
850850 expense; and
851851 (2) review appeals of denials of an education
852852 service provider and make a recommendation to the secretary.
853853 E. When requested, the education freedom review
854854 commission shall, by majority vote, recommend to the
855855 department:
856856 (1) if a particular use of funds constitutes a
857857 qualifying educational expense; and
858858 .229271.2
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886886 (2) if an education service provider should be
887887 allowed to receive, or continue receiving, payments from
888888 education freedom accounts."
889889 SECTION 9. A new section of the Public School Code is
890890 enacted to read:
891891 "[NEW MATERIAL] REPORT TO LEGISLATURE AND GOVERNOR.--The
892892 department shall report to the legislature and the governor by
893893 December 1 of each year on the program and its participants.
894894 The report shall include the number, grades and ages of
895895 participating students and where they attend school or receive
896896 other educational services; the geographic distribution of
897897 participating students by county; other demographic and
898898 economic data about participating students and parents; the
899899 number and locations of education service providers, the
900900 services they provide and the number of students they serve;
901901 the total amount of deposits into education freedom accounts
902902 and the cost of financial management contracts; the total
903903 expenditures for education service providers and the average
904904 cost of educational services being provided to participating
905905 students, by type of service and geographic region; and other
906906 information requested by the legislature or governor and
907907 considered reportable by the department."
908908 SECTION 10. A new section of the Public School Code is
909909 enacted to read:
910910 "[NEW MATERIAL] EDUCATION FREEDOM ACCOUNT FUND--CREATED.--
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939939 A. The "education freedom account fund" is created
940940 in the state treasury. The fund consists of money appropriated
941941 by the legislature, federal money granted to the state for the
942942 purposes of the fund, income from investment of the fund and
943943 money otherwise accruing to the fund. Money in the fund shall
944944 not revert to any other fund at the end of a fiscal year. The
945945 department shall administer the fund, and money in the fund is
946946 appropriated to the department to carry out the purposes of the
947947 Education Freedom Account Act.
948948 B. Money in the fund shall be disbursed on warrants
949949 signed by the secretary pursuant to vouchers signed by the
950950 secretary or the secretary's authorized representative."
951951 SECTION 11. APPROPRIATIONS.--
952952 A. The following amounts are appropriated from the
953953 general fund to the education freedom account fund for
954954 expenditure in fiscal year 2026 and subsequent fiscal years for
955955 the following purposes:
956956 (1) five hundred eighty thousand dollars
957957 ($580,000) for the public education department to administer
958958 the education freedom account program; and
959959 (2) one hundred million dollars ($100,000,000)
960960 to carry out the purposes of the Education Freedom Account Act.
961961 B. Any unexpended or unencumbered balance remaining
962962 at the end of a fiscal year shall not revert to the general
963963 fund.
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992992 SECTION 12. SEVERABILITY.--If any part or application of
993993 the Education Freedom Account Act is held invalid, the
994994 remainder or its application to other situations or persons
995995 shall not be affected.
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