New Mexico 2025 Regular Session

New Mexico Senate Bill SB428 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

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28	28	SENATE BILL 428
29	29	57
30	30	TH LEGISLATURE
31	31	-
32	32
33	33	STATE
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35	35	OF
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39	39	MEXICO
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41	41	-
42	42	FIRST SESSION
43	43	,
44	44
45	45	2025
46	46	INTRODUCED BY
47	47	Linda M. López and Antoinette Sedillo Lopez
48	48	AN ACT
49	49	RELATING TO CHILD WELFARE; ENACTING THE CROSSOVER YOUTH ACT;
50	50	CREATING THE CROSSOVER YOUTH PROGRAM; REQUIRING CROSSOVER YOUTH
51	51	TRAINING; REQUIRING INTRA-AGENCY AND INTERAGENCY COLLABORATION;
52	52	PROVIDING BASIC RIGHTS; MAKING AN APPROPRIATION.
53	53	BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO:
54	54	SECTION 1. A new section of the Children's Code is
55	55	enacted to read:
56	56	"[NEW MATERIAL] SHORT TITLE--Sections 1 through 6 of this
57	57	act may be cited as the "Crossover Youth Act"."
58	58	SECTION 2. A new section of the Children's Code is
59	59	enacted to read:
60	60	"[NEW MATERIAL] DEFINITIONS--As used in the Crossover
61	61	Youth Act:
62	62	A. "crossover youth" means a child who is
63	63	.230559.2 underscored material = new
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90	90	simultaneously involved in both the child welfare and juvenile
91	91	justice systems, whether or not the child has been adjudicated
92	92	in those systems; and
93	93	B. "dually involved eligible adult" means a person
94	94	who is being served by the fostering connections program
95	95	pursuant to the Fostering Connections Act and who is
96	96	simultaneously involved in the juvenile justice system or adult
97	97	criminal justice system."
98	98	SECTION 3. A new section of the Children's Code is
99	99	enacted to read:
100	100	"[NEW MATERIAL] CROSSOVER YOUTH PROGRAM CREATED--PROGRAM
101	101	COORDINATOR--DUTIES.--
102	102	A. The "crossover youth program" is created within
103	103	the department. The department shall appoint a program
104	104	coordinator to administer the crossover youth program.
105	105	B. The crossover youth program coordinator shall:
106	106	(1) facilitate collaboration between the
107	107	protective services division and the juvenile justice division
108	108	of the department in all cases involving crossover youth;
109	109	(2) facilitate collaboration between the
110	110	fostering connections program and the adult criminal justice
111	111	system in all cases involving dually involved eligible adults;
112	112	(3) collect data, including data related to
113	113	New Mexico crossover youth who are housed in a facility in
114	114	another state or who have been adjudicated in the juvenile
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143	143	justice system in another state, regarding final determinations
144	144	by the courts in all cases involving crossover youth and dually
145	145	involved eligible adults;
146	146	(4) act as the department's lead coordinator
147	147	to develop and deliver annual mandatory training materials to
148	148	the department, the judiciary, the public defender department,
149	149	the district attorneys' offices and the office of family
150	150	representation and advocacy. The training materials shall
151	151	include information on the Crossover Youth Act and issues
152	152	related to crossover youth as required under Section 4 of the
153	153	Crossover Youth Act; and
154	154	(5) assist the department with the
155	155	promulgation of rules pursuant to the provisions of the
156	156	Crossover Youth Act."
157	157	SECTION 4. A new section of the Children's Code is
158	158	enacted to read:
159	159	"[NEW MATERIAL] CROSSOVER YOUTH TRAINING.--
160	160	A. The department shall develop and deliver annual
161	161	mandatory training to all staff assigned to the protective
162	162	services division and the juvenile justice division of the
163	163	department, including all children's court attorneys. The
164	164	training shall include information on:
165	165	(1) crossover youth issues, including issues
166	166	concerning delinquent offenders, youthful offenders, victims'
167	167	rights, the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, the
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196	196	Indian Family Protection Act, the Fostering Connections Act,
197	197	the negative impact of juvenile justice involvement on youth
198	198	who are exiting from the foster care system, the impact of
199	199	trauma on child development and the eight core strategies of
200	200	the juvenile detention alternatives initiative that are
201	201	incorporated into the Children's Code; and
202	202	(2) cultural humility and racial and ethnic
203	203	disparities impacting youth who are involved in the juvenile
204	204	justice system and the child welfare system. The mandatory
205	205	training shall also be provided for all leadership assigned to
206	206	the protective services division and the juvenile justice
207	207	division of the department, including the general counsel.
208	208	B. The public defender department, all district
209	209	attorneys' offices and the office of family representation and
210	210	advocacy shall, in collaboration with the department, develop
211	211	and deliver annual mandatory training for all attorneys,
212	212	including contract attorneys, court-appointed guardians ad
213	213	litem and youth attorneys, and appropriate support staff
214	214	working on cases with crossover youth in the juvenile justice
215	215	and child welfare systems. The training shall include
216	216	information on:
217	217	(1) crossover youth issues, including issues
218	218	concerning delinquent offenders, youthful offenders, victims'
219	219	rights, the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, the
220	220	Indian Family Protection Act, the Fostering Connections Act,
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249	249	the negative impact of juvenile justice involvement on youth
250	250	who are exiting from the foster care system, the impact of
251	251	trauma on child development and the eight core strategies of
252	252	the juvenile detention alternatives initiative that are
253	253	incorporated into the Children's Code; and
254	254	(2) cultural humility and racial and ethnic
255	255	disparities impacting youth who are involved in the juvenile
256	256	justice system and the child welfare system.
257	257	C. The department, in collaboration with the
258	258	administrative office of the courts, shall develop and deliver
259	259	annual mandatory training regarding crossover youth to all
260	260	judicial officers assigned to children's court divisions of the
261	261	district courts. The training shall include information on:
262	262	(1) crossover youth issues, including issues
263	263	concerning delinquent offenders, youthful offenders, victims'
264	264	rights, the federal Indian Child Welfare Act of 1978, the
265	265	Indian Family Protection Act, the Fostering Connections Act,
266	266	the negative impact of juvenile justice involvement on youth
267	267	who are exiting from the foster care system, the impact of
268	268	trauma on child development and the eight core strategies of
269	269	the juvenile detention alternatives initiative that are
270	270	incorporated into the Children's Code;
271	271	(2) cultural humility and racial and ethnic
272	272	disparities impacting youth who are involved in the juvenile
273	273	justice system and the child welfare system; and
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302	302	(3) practices and procedures regarding the
303	303	importance of having one judge for one family in cases
304	304	involving crossover youth when possible and the importance of
305	305	having judges confer with one another when one judge for one
306	306	family is not possible in crossover youth cases."
307	307	SECTION 5. A new section of the Children's Code is
308	308	enacted to read:
309	309	"[NEW MATERIAL] INTRA-AGENCY COLLABORATION--INTERAGENCY
310	310	COLLABORATION.--
311	311	A. In all cases involving crossover youth, the
312	312	protective services division and the juvenile justice division
313	313	of the department shall jointly manage the cases. The
314	314	department shall develop protocols to ensure that case
315	315	coordination between the divisions occurs on a formal basis.
316	316	B. In all cases involving crossover youth, the
317	317	crossover youth program coordinator shall facilitate
318	318	interagency collaboration to provide support and services to
319	319	crossover youth and their families. The crossover youth
320	320	program coordinator shall work with the department, the public
321	321	education department, the department of health, the health care
322	322	authority and any other appropriate departments and agencies."
323	323	SECTION 6. A new section of the Children's Code is
324	324	enacted to read:
325	325	"[NEW MATERIAL] BASIC RIGHTS.--
326	326	A. When a crossover youth is placed in the legal
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355	355	custody of the department or another person and siblings of the
356	356	crossover youth have not been jointly placed, the siblings
357	357	shall have reasonable rights of visitation, unless the court
358	358	finds that visitation would be contrary to the safety or well-
359	359	being of any of the siblings.
360	360	B. When a crossover youth is placed in the legal
361	361	custody of the department or another person, any parent,
362	362	guardian or custodian of the crossover youth shall have
363	363	reasonable rights of visitation, unless the court finds that
364	364	the best interests of the crossover youth preclude any
365	365	visitation."
366	366	SECTION 7. Section 32A-2-3 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1993,
367	367	Chapter 77, Section 32, as amended) is amended to read:
368	368	"32A-2-3. DEFINITIONS.--As used in the Delinquency Act:
369	369	A. "crossover youth" means a child who is
370	370	simultaneously involved in both the child welfare and juvenile
371	371	justice systems, whether or not the child has been adjudicated
372	372	in those systems;
373	373	[A.] B. "delinquent act" means an act committed by
374	374	a child that would be designated as a crime under the law if
375	375	committed by an adult, not including a violation of Section
376	376	30-9-2 NMSA 1978, including the following offenses:
377	377	(1) any of the following offenses pursuant to
378	378	municipal traffic codes or the Motor Vehicle Code:
379	379	(a) driving while under the influence of
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408	408	intoxicating liquor or drugs;
409	409	(b) failure to stop in the event of an
410	410	accident causing death, personal injury or damage to property;
411	411	(c) unlawful taking of a vehicle or
412	412	motor vehicle;
413	413	(d) receiving or transferring of a
414	414	stolen vehicle or motor vehicle;
415	415	(e) homicide by vehicle;
416	416	(f) injuring or tampering with a
417	417	vehicle;
418	418	(g) altering or changing of an engine
419	419	number or other vehicle identification numbers;
420	420	(h) altering or forging of a driver's
421	421	license or permit or any making of a fictitious license or
422	422	permit;
423	423	(i) reckless driving;
424	424	(j) driving with a suspended or revoked
425	425	license; or
426	426	(k) an offense punishable as a felony;
427	427	(2) buying, attempting to buy, receiving,
428	428	possessing or being served any alcoholic liquor or being
429	429	present in a licensed liquor establishment, other than a
430	430	restaurant or a licensed retail liquor establishment, except in
431	431	the presence of the child's parent, guardian, custodian or
432	432	adult spouse. As used in this paragraph, "restaurant" means an
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461	461	establishment where meals are prepared and served primarily for
462	462	on-premises consumption and that has a dining room, a kitchen
463	463	and the employees necessary for preparing, cooking and serving
464	464	meals. "Restaurant" does not include an establishment, as
465	465	defined in regulations promulgated by the director of the
466	466	special investigations unit of the department of public safety,
467	467	that serves only hamburgers, sandwiches, salads and other fast
468	468	foods;
469	469	(3) a violation of Section 30-29-2 NMSA 1978,
470	470	regarding the illegal use of a glue, aerosol spray product or
471	471	other chemical substance;
472	472	(4) a violation of the Controlled Substances
473	473	Act;
474	474	(5) escape from the custody of a law
475	475	enforcement officer or a juvenile probation or parole officer
476	476	or from any placement made by the department by a child who has
477	477	been adjudicated a delinquent child;
478	478	(6) a violation of Section 30-15-1.1 NMSA 1978
479	479	regarding unauthorized graffiti on personal or real property;
480	480	(7) a violation of an order of protection
481	481	issued pursuant to the provisions of the Family Violence
482	482	Protection Act; or
483	483	(8) trafficking cannabis as provided in
484	484	Section 26-2C-28 NMSA 1978;
485	485	[B.] C. "delinquent child" means a child who has
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514	514	committed a delinquent act;
515	515	[C.] D. "delinquent offender" means a delinquent
516	516	child who is subject to juvenile sanctions only and who is not
517	517	a youthful offender or a serious youthful offender;
518	518	[D.] E. "detention facility" means a place where a
519	519	child may be detained under the Children's Code pending a court
520	520	hearing and does not include a facility for the care and
521	521	rehabilitation of an adjudicated delinquent child;
522	522	[E.] F. "felony" means an act that would be a
523	523	felony if committed by an adult;
524	524	[F.] G. "misdemeanor" means an act that would be a
525	525	misdemeanor or petty misdemeanor if committed by an adult;
526	526	[G.] H. "restitution" means financial reimbursement
527	527	by the child to the victim or community service imposed by the
528	528	court and is limited to easily ascertainable damages for injury
529	529	to or loss of property, actual expenses incurred for medical,
530	530	psychiatric and psychological treatment for injury to a person
531	531	and lost wages resulting from physical injury, which are a
532	532	direct and proximate result of a delinquent act. "Restitution"
533	533	does not include reimbursement for damages for mental anguish,
534	534	pain and suffering or other intangible losses. As used in this
535	535	subsection, "victim" means a person who is injured or suffers
536	536	damage of any kind by an act that is the subject of a complaint
537	537	or referral to law enforcement officers or juvenile probation
538	538	authorities. Nothing contained in this definition limits or
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567	567	replaces the provisions of Subsections A and B of Section
568	568	32A-2-27 NMSA 1978;
569	569	[H.] I. "serious youthful offender" means an
570	570	individual fifteen to eighteen years of age who is charged with
571	571	and indicted or bound over for trial for first degree murder.
572	572	A "serious youthful offender" is not a delinquent child as
573	573	defined pursuant to the provisions of this section;
574	574	[I.] J. "supervised release" means the release of a
575	575	juvenile, whose term of commitment has not expired, from a
576	576	facility for the care and rehabilitation of adjudicated
577	577	delinquent children, with specified conditions to protect
578	578	public safety and promote successful transition and
579	579	reintegration into the community. A juvenile on supervised
580	580	release is subject to monitoring by the department until the
581	581	term of commitment has expired and may be returned to custody
582	582	for violating conditions of release; and
583	583	[J.] K. "youthful offender" means a delinquent
584	584	child subject to adult or juvenile sanctions who is:
585	585	(1) fourteen to eighteen years of age at the
586	586	time of the offense and who is adjudicated for at least one of
587	587	the following offenses:
588	588	(a) second degree murder, as provided in
589	589	Section 30-2-1 NMSA 1978;
590	590	(b) assault with intent to commit a
591	591	violent felony, as provided in Section 30-3-3 NMSA 1978;
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620	620	(c) kidnapping, as provided in Section
621	621	30-4-1 NMSA 1978;
622	622	(d) aggravated battery, as provided in
623	623	Subsection C of Section 30-3-5 NMSA 1978;
624	624	(e) aggravated battery against a
625	625	household member, as provided in Subsection C of Section
626	626	30-3-16 NMSA 1978;
627	627	(f) aggravated battery upon a peace
628	628	officer, as provided in Subsection C of Section 30-22-25 NMSA
629	629	1978;
630	630	(g) shooting at a dwelling or occupied
631	631	building or shooting at or from a motor vehicle, as provided in
632	632	Section 30-3-8 NMSA 1978;
633	633	(h) dangerous use of explosives, as
634	634	provided in Section 30-7-5 NMSA 1978;
635	635	(i) criminal sexual penetration, as
636	636	provided in Section 30-9-11 NMSA 1978;
637	637	(j) robbery, as provided in Section
638	638	30-16-2 NMSA 1978;
639	639	(k) aggravated burglary, as provided in
640	640	Section 30-16-4 NMSA 1978;
641	641	(l) aggravated arson, as provided in
642	642	Section 30-17-6 NMSA 1978; or
643	643	(m) abuse of a child that results in
644	644	great bodily harm or death to the child, as provided in Section
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673	673	30-6-1 NMSA 1978;
674	674	(2) fourteen to eighteen years of age at the
675	675	time of the offense, who is adjudicated for any felony offense
676	676	and who has had three prior, separate felony adjudications
677	677	within a three-year time period immediately preceding the
678	678	instant offense. The felony adjudications relied upon as prior
679	679	adjudications shall not have arisen out of the same transaction
680	680	or occurrence or series of events related in time and location.
681	681	Successful completion of consent decrees is not considered a
682	682	prior adjudication for the purposes of this paragraph; or
683	683	(3) fourteen years of age and who is
684	684	adjudicated for first degree murder, as provided in Section
685	685	30-2-1 NMSA 1978."
686	686	SECTION 8. Section 32A-2-7 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1993,
687	687	Chapter 77, Section 36, as amended) is amended to read:
688	688	"32A-2-7. COMPLAINTS--REFERRAL--PRELIMINARY INQUIRY--
689	689	NOTICE--TIME WAIVER.--
690	690	A. Complaints alleging delinquency shall be
691	691	referred to probation services, which shall conduct a
692	692	preliminary inquiry to determine the best interests of the
693	693	child and of the public with regard to any action to be taken.
694	694	B. During the preliminary inquiry on a delinquency
695	695	complaint, the matter may be referred to another appropriate
696	696	agency and conferences may be conducted for the purpose of
697	697	effecting adjustments or agreements that will obviate the
698	698	.230559.2
699	699	- 13 - underscored material = new
700	700	[bracketed material] = delete
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726	726	necessity for filing a petition. At the commencement of the
727	727	preliminary inquiry, the parties shall be advised of their
728	728	basic rights pursuant to Section 32A-2-14 NMSA 1978, and no
729	729	party may be compelled to appear at any conference, to produce
730	730	any papers or to visit any place. The child shall be informed
731	731	of the child's right to remain silent. The preliminary inquiry
732	732	shall be completed within the time limits set forth in the
733	733	Children's Court Rules.
734	734	C. Prior to a preliminary inquiry being conducted
735	735	with a child who is detained, the child's parent, guardian or
736	736	custodian or the child's attorney shall be given reasonable
737	737	notice by the juvenile probation and parole officer and an
738	738	opportunity to be present at the preliminary inquiry. Prior to
739	739	a preliminary inquiry being conducted with a crossover youth
740	740	who is detained, the crossover youth's parent, guardian or
741	741	custodian, the crossover youth's attorney and guardian ad litem
742	742	and the protective services division of the department shall be
743	743	given reasonable notice by the juvenile probation and parole
744	744	officer and an opportunity to be present at the preliminary
745	745	inquiry. If a child is not detained, the preliminary inquiry
746	746	shall be conducted within thirty days of receipt of the
747	747	referral from law enforcement. The thirty-day time period may
748	748	be extended upon a determination by the department that an
749	749	extension is necessary to conduct a thorough preliminary
750	750	inquiry and that the extension is not prejudicial to the best
751	751	.230559.2
752	752	- 14 - underscored material = new
753	753	[bracketed material] = delete
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779	779	interests of the child.
780	780	D. When a child is in detention or custody and the
781	781	children's court attorney does not file a petition within the
782	782	time limits authorized by the Children's Court Rules, the child
783	783	shall be released immediately. If a child is not detained and
784	784	a determination is made to file a petition, the petition shall
785	785	be filed within sixty days of completion of the preliminary
786	786	inquiry, unless a motion is granted to extend the time limit
787	787	for good cause shown. If a child is not in custody or
788	788	detention, a petition shall not be dismissed for failure to
789	789	comply with the time limit set forth in this subsection unless
790	790	there is a showing of prejudice to the child.
791	791	E. After completion of the preliminary inquiry on a
792	792	delinquency complaint involving a misdemeanor, probation
793	793	services may notify the children's court attorney and recommend
794	794	an appropriate disposition for the case. If the child has been
795	795	referred for three or more prior misdemeanors within two years
796	796	of the instant offense, probation services shall notify the
797	797	children's court attorney and recommend an appropriate
798	798	disposition for the case.
799	799	F. Probation services shall notify the children's
800	800	court attorney of the receipt of any complaint involving an act
801	801	that constitutes a felony under the applicable criminal law.
802	802	Probation services shall also recommend a disposition to the
803	803	children's court attorney.
804	804	.230559.2
805	805	- 15 - underscored material = new
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832	832	G. The child, through counsel, and the children's
833	833	court attorney may agree, without judicial approval, to a
834	834	waiver of time limitations imposed after a petition is filed.
835	835	A time waiver defers adjudication of the charges. The
836	836	children's court attorney may place restrictions on a child's
837	837	behavior as a condition of a time waiver. If the child
838	838	completes the agreed upon conditions and no new charges are
839	839	filed against the child, the pending petition shall be
840	840	dismissed. If the children's court attorney files a new
841	841	petition against the child, the children's court attorney may
842	842	proceed on both the original petition and the new charges. The
843	843	department shall become a party if probation services are
844	844	requested as a condition of the time waiver."
845	845	SECTION 9. Section 32A-2-24 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1993,
846	846	Chapter 77, Section 53, as amended) is amended to read:
847	847	"32A-2-24. PROBATION REVOCATION--DISPOSITION--CROSSOVER
848	848	YOUTH.--
849	849	A. A child on probation incident to an adjudication
850	850	as a delinquent child who violates a term of the probation may
851	851	be proceeded against in a probation revocation proceeding. A
852	852	proceeding to revoke probation shall be begun by filing in the
853	853	original proceeding a petition styled as a "petition to revoke
854	854	probation". Petitions to revoke probation shall be screened,
855	855	reviewed and prepared in the same manner and shall contain the
856	856	same information as petitions alleging delinquency. Procedures
857	857	.230559.2
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885	885	of the Delinquency Act regarding taking into custody and
886	886	detention shall apply. The petition shall state the terms of
887	887	probation alleged to have been violated and the factual basis
888	888	for these allegations.
889	889	B. The standard of proof in probation revocation
890	890	proceedings shall be evidence beyond a reasonable doubt and the
891	891	hearings shall be before the court without a jury. In all
892	892	other respects, proceedings to revoke probation shall be
893	893	governed by the procedures, rights and duties applicable to
894	894	proceedings on a delinquency petition. If a child is found to
895	895	have violated a term of the child's probation, the court may
896	896	extend the period of probation or make any other judgment or
897	897	disposition that would have been appropriate in the original
898	898	disposition of the case.
899	899	C. During a probation revocation proceeding for a
900	900	crossover youth, the petition to revoke probation shall include
901	901	a statement filed by the juvenile justice division of the
902	902	department that the division made reasonable efforts to help
903	903	the crossover youth with the successful completion of all
904	904	probation requirements, including the specific details of such
905	905	efforts."
906	906	SECTION 10. APPROPRIATION.--One hundred thousand dollars
907	907	($100,000) is appropriated from the general fund to the
908	908	children, youth and families department for expenditure in
909	909	fiscal year 2026 to create and staff the crossover youth
910	910	.230559.2
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938	938	program as provided in the Crossover Youth Act. Any unexpended
939	939	or unencumbered balance remaining at the end of fiscal year
940	940	2026 shall revert to the general fund.
941	941	- 18 -
942	942	.230559.2