Ohio 2025-2026 Regular Session

Ohio House Bill HB1 Latest Draft

Bill / Introduced Version

                            As Introduced
136th General Assembly
Regular Session	H. B. No. 1
2025-2026
Representatives King, Klopfenstein
Cosponsors: Representatives Barhorst, Bird, Brennan, Claggett, Click, Creech,
Thomas, D., Deeter, Demetriou, Jones, Dovilla, Ferguson, Fischer, Fowler Arthur,
Ghanbari, Gross, Hall, T., Hiner, Holmes, Hoops, Daniels, Thomas, J., John, Miller,
K., Ritter, Kishman, Lampton, Lear, Dean, Lorenz, Johnson, Mathews, A.,
Mathews, T., McClain, Miller, M., Mullins, Newman, Oelslager, Pizzulli, Plummer,
Ray, Richardson, Robb Blasdel, Santucci, Rogers, Schmidt, Stewart, Swearingen,
Young, Williams, Willis, Workman, Humphrey, Sigrist
A B I LL
To amend sections 319.202, 5301.256, and 5323.02 of
the Revised Code to modify the law that 
prohibits certain governments, businesses, and 
individuals from acquiring certain real property
and to name this act the Ohio Property 
Protection Act.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF OHIO:
Section 1. That sections 319.202, 5301.256, and 5323.02 of
the Revised Code be amended to read as follows:
Sec. 319.202. Before the county auditor indorses any real 
property conveyance or manufactured or mobile home conveyance 
presented to the auditor pursuant to section 319.20 of the 
Revised Code or registers any manufactured or mobile home 
conveyance pursuant to section 4503.061 of the Revised Code, the
grantee or the grantee's representative shall submit, either 
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electronically or three written copies of, a statement, in the 
form prescribed by the tax commissioner, and other information 
as the county auditor may require, declaring the value of real 
property or manufactured or mobile home conveyed, except that , 
subject to division (C) of this section, when the transfer is 
exempt under division (G)(3) of section 319.54 of the Revised 
Code only a statement of the reason for the exemption shall be 
required. Each statement submitted under this section shall 
contain the information required under divisions (A) and (B) of 
this section and, if the statement involves the transfer of 
protected property, the affirmations required by division (C) of
this section. 
(A) Each statement submitted under this section shall 
either: 
(1) Contain an affirmation by the grantee that the grantor
has been asked by the grantee or the grantee's representative 
whether to the best of the grantor's knowledge either the 
preceding or the current year's taxes on the real property or 
the current or following year's taxes on the manufactured or 
mobile home conveyed will be reduced under division (A) of 
section 323.152 or under section 4503.065 of the Revised Code 
and that the grantor indicated that to the best of the grantor's
knowledge the taxes will not be so reduced; or 
(2) Be accompanied by a sworn or affirmed instrument 
stating: 
(a) To the best of the grantor's knowledge the real 
property or the manufactured or mobile home that is the subject 
of the conveyance is eligible for and will receive a reduction 
in taxes for or payable in the current year under division (A) 
of section 323.152 or under section 4503.065 of the Revised Code
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and that the reduction or reductions will be reflected in the 
grantee's taxes; 
(b) The estimated amount of such reductions that will be 
reflected in the grantee's taxes; 
(c) That the grantor and the grantee have considered and 
accounted for the total estimated amount of such reductions to 
the satisfaction of both the grantee and the grantor. The 
auditor shall indorse the instrument, return it to the grantee 
or the grantee's representative, and provide a copy of the 
indorsed instrument to the grantor or the grantor's 
representative. 
(B) Each statement submitted under this section shall 
either: 
(1) Contain an affirmation by the grantee that the grantor
has been asked by the grantee or the grantee's representative 
whether to the best of the grantor's knowledge the real property
conveyed qualified for the current agricultural use valuation 
under section 5713.30 of the Revised Code either for the 
preceding or the current year and that the grantor indicated 
that to the best of the grantor's knowledge the property 
conveyed was not so qualified; or 
(2) Be accompanied by a sworn or affirmed instrument 
stating: 
(a) To the best of the grantor's knowledge the real 
property conveyed was qualified for the current agricultural use
valuation under section 5713.30 of the Revised Code either for 
the preceding or the current year; 
(b) To the extent that the property will not continue to 
qualify for the current agricultural use valuation either for 
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the current or the succeeding year, that the property will be 
subject to a recoupment charge equal to the tax savings in 
accordance with section 5713.34 of the Revised Code; 
(c) That the grantor and the grantee have considered and 
accounted for the total estimated amount of such recoupment, if 
any, to the satisfaction of both the grantee and the grantor. 
The auditor shall indorse the instrument, forward it to the 
grantee or the grantee's representative, and provide a copy of 
the indorsed instrument to the grantor or the grantor's 
representative. 
(C) Each statement submitted under this section involving 
the transfer of protected property shall contain both of the 
following:
(1) An affirmation by the grantee as to whether the 
grantee is prohibited from purchasing or otherwise acquiring 
protected property under section 5301.256 of the Revised Code;
(2) An affirmation by the grantor as to whether the 
grantor is prohibited from purchasing or otherwise acquiring 
protected property under section 5301.256 of the Revised Code 
and, if so, whether the protected property that is the subject 
of the transfer was acquired before the effective date of this 
amendment, before the date the grantor became subject to 
division (B) of section 5301.256 of the Revised Code, or 
pursuant to an exemption under division (D) of that section.
(D)(1) The grantor shall pay the fee following:
(a) The fee required by division (G)(3) of section 319.54 
of the Revised Code; and, in 
(b) In the event the board of county commissioners of the 
county has levied a real property or a manufactured home 
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transfer tax pursuant to Chapter 322. of the Revised Code, the 
amount required by the real property or manufactured home 
transfer tax so levied. If 
(2) If the conveyance is exempt from the fee provided for 
in division (G)(3) of section 319.54 of the Revised Code and the
tax, if any, levied pursuant to Chapter 322. of the Revised 
Code, the reason for such exemption shall be shown on the 
statement. "Value" means, in the case of any deed or certificate
of title not a gift in whole or part, the amount of the full 
consideration therefor, paid or to be paid for the real estate 
or manufactured or mobile home described in the deed or title, 
including the amount of any mortgage or vendor's lien thereon. 
If property sold under a land installment contract is conveyed 
by the seller under such contract to a third party and the 
contract has been of record at least twelve months prior to the 
date of conveyance, "value" means the unpaid balance owed to the
seller under the contract at the time of the conveyance, but the
statement shall set forth the amount paid under such contract 
prior to the date of conveyance. In the case of a gift in whole 
or part, "value" means the estimated price the real estate or 
manufactured or mobile home described in the deed or certificate
of title would bring in the open market and under the then 
existing and prevailing market conditions in a sale between a 
willing seller and a willing buyer, both conversant with the 
property and with prevailing general price levels. 
(3) No person shall willfully falsify the value of 
property conveyed. 
(D) (E) The auditor shall indorse each conveyance on its 
face to indicate the amount of the conveyance fee and compliance
with this section and if the property is residential rental 
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property include a statement that the grantee shall file with 
the county auditor the information required under division (A) 
or (C) of section 5323.02 of the Revised Code. The auditor shall
retain the original copy of the statement of value, forward to 
the tax commissioner one copy on which shall be noted the most 
recent assessed value of the property, and furnish one copy to 
the grantee or the grantee's representative. 
(E) (F)(1) The auditor shall not indorse a conveyance of 
protected property if the statement submitted under this section
does not include both of the affirmations required by division 
(C) of this section.
(2) The auditor shall refer information about a conveyance
of protected property to the county sheriff for investigation 
and enforcement under division (G) of section 5301.256 of the 
Revised Code if either of the following apply:
(a) The grantee affirms, or the auditor has reason to 
believe, that the grantee is prohibited from purchasing or 
otherwise acquiring protected property under section 5301.256 of
the Revised Code.
(b) The grantor affirms, or the auditor has reason to 
believe, that the grantor has acquired protected property in 
violation of section 5301.256 of the Revised Code.
(G) The auditor shall not refuse to indorse a conveyance 
for either of the reasons specified in division (F)(2) of this 
section.
(H) In order to achieve uniform administration and 
collection of the transfer fee required by division (G)(3) of 
section 319.54 of the Revised Code, the tax commissioner shall 
adopt and promulgate rules for the administration and 
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enforcement of the levy and collection of such fee. 
(F) (I) As used in this section , "residential :
(1) "Agricultural land" and "protected property" have the 
same meanings as in section 5301.256 of the Revised Code.
(2) "Residential rental property" has the same meaning as 
in section 5323.01 of the Revised Code. 
(3)(a) "Value" means, in the case of any deed or 
certificate of title not a gift in whole or part, the amount of 
the full consideration therefor, paid or to be paid for the real
estate or manufactured or mobile home described in the deed or 
title, including the amount of any mortgage or vendor's lien 
thereon.
(b) If property sold under a land installment contract is 
conveyed by the seller under such contract to a third party and 
the contract has been of record at least twelve months prior to 
the date of conveyance, "value" means the unpaid balance owed to
the seller under the contract at the time of the conveyance, but
the statement shall set forth the amount paid under such 
contract prior to the date of conveyance.
(c) In the case of a gift in whole or part, "value" means 
the estimated price the real estate or manufactured or mobile 
home described in the deed or certificate of title would bring 
in the open market and under the then existing and prevailing 
market conditions in a sale between a willing seller and a 
willing buyer, both conversant with the property and with 
prevailing general price levels.
Sec. 5301.256. (A) As used in this section: 
(1) "Agriculture" has the same meaning as in section 1.61 
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of the Revised Code. 
(2) "Agricultural land" means land suitable for use in 
agriculture and includes water on and upon and air space over 
and above the land and natural products and deposits that are 
unsevered from the land. 
(3) "Person" includes all of the following: 
(a) Individuals; 
(b) Firmsindividuals, businesses, countries, criminal 
enterprises, gangs, cartels, organizations, and governments.
(4) "Business" includes firms , companies, business trusts,
estates, trusts, sole proprietorships, partnerships, general 
partnerships, limited liability companies, associations, 
corporations, and any other legal, business, or commercial 
entities; 
(c) Governments .
(5) "Government" means a government other than the 
government of the United States, its states, subdivisions, 
territories, or possessions ; 
(d) Legal or commercial entities, organizations, joint 
ventures, and nonprofits . 
(6) "Real property" means land and improvements to land 
and includes water on and upon and air space over and above the 
land and natural products and deposits that are unsevered from 
the land. 
(7) "Protected property" means real property in this state
that is any of the following:
(a) Agricultural land;
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(b) Located within a twenty-five mile radius of any 
installation under the jurisdiction of the armed forces, as 
defined in section 5903.01 of the Revised Code, such as a 
military base, a camp, or an airport;
(c) Located within a twenty-five mile radius of a critical
infrastructure facility, as defined in section 2911.21 of the 
Revised Code.
(8) "Control" means the authority, by contract or by law, 
to direct the affairs and day-to-day operations of a business 
without the consent of any other person.
(9) "Own" means possession of more than fifty per cent of 
the stock, equity, or other ownership interest of a business.
(10) "Foreign adversary" means a country listed on the 
registry published by the secretary of state under division (H) 
of this section.
(B)(1) (B) On or after the effective date of this section,
no person listed in the registry published by the secretary of 
state under division (G) of this section, and no agent, trustee,
or fiduciary of such a person amendment, none of the following 
persons shall, directly or indirectly, purchase or otherwise 
acquire agricultural land in this state protected property:
(1) A person listed on the registry published by the 
secretary of state under division (H) of this section;
(2) A government of a foreign adversary;
(3) An individual who is a citizen of a foreign adversary,
regardless of whether that same individual is also a citizen or 
national of one or more other countries, other than the United 
States, that are not foreign adversaries;
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(4) A business that is headquartered in a foreign 
adversary;
(5) A business that is directly or indirectly owned or 
controlled by one or more persons described in divisions (B)(1) 
to (4) of this section, or an agent, fiduciary, or trustee of 
such persons;
(6) Except as otherwise provided in division (D)(3) of 
this section, an agent, fiduciary, or trustee of a person 
described in divisions (B)(1) to (5) of this section . 
(2) (C) A person, agent, trustee or fiduciary subject to 
division (B)(1) (B) of this section that directly or indirectly 
owns or holds agricultural land in this state as described in 
division (B)(1) of this section protected property before the 
effective date of this section amendment, may continue to own or
hold the agricultural landprotected property, but shall not 
purchase or otherwise acquire , directly or indirectly, 
additional agricultural land in this state that is subject to 
the restriction in division (B)(1) of this section protected 
property, unless an exception described in division (C) (D) of 
this section applies. 
(C) (D) The restriction on acquiring agricultural land 
restrictions set forth in division (B)(1) (B) of this section 
does do not apply to any of the following: 
(1) Agricultural land Protected property acquired by 
devise or descent. HoweverExcept as otherwise provided in 
division (C) of this section , a person listed in the registry 
published by the secretary of state under division (G) subject 
to division (B) of this section, or an agent, trustee, or 
fiduciary thereof, that directly or indirectly acquires the 
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agricultural landprotected property, or an a direct or indirect 
interest in agricultural land,protected property by devise or 
descent on or after the effective date of this section shall 
divest itself of all right, title, and interest in the 
agricultural land protected property, whether direct or 
indirect, within two years from after the date of acquisition. 
(2) Agricultural land Protected property that is acquired,
directly or indirectly, by a process of law in the collection of
debts, by a deed in lieu of foreclosure, pursuant to a 
forfeiture of a contract for deed, or by any procedure for the 
enforcement of a lien or claim on the agricultural landprotected
property, whether created by mortgage or otherwise. Agricultural
land Except as otherwise provided in division (C) of this 
section, protected property so acquired shall be sold or 
otherwise disposed of within two years after title is 
transferred. Agricultural If the protected property is 
agricultural land, pending the sale or disposition, the land 
shall not be used for any purpose other than agriculture, and 
the land shall not be used for agriculture under lease to an 
individual, trust, corporation, partnership, or other business 
entity subject to the restrictions under division (B)(1) (B) of 
this section. 
(D) (3) Protected property directly or indirectly acquired
by agent, fiduciary, or trustee of a person described in 
divisions (B)(1) to (5) of this section acting in the agent's, 
fiduciary's, or trustee's personal capacity, if both of the 
following apply:
(a) The agent, fiduciary, or trustee is not a person 
described in divisions (B)(1) to (5) of this section;
(b) The agent, fiduciary, or trustee is not purchasing or 
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otherwise acquiring the property to circumvent the restrictions 
prescribed by this section.
(4) Protected property directly or indirectly acquired by 
an individual who is a United States citizen or national, unless
that individual is purchasing or otherwise acquiring the 
property as an agent, fiduciary, or trustee of a person 
described in divisions (B)(1) to (5) of this section.
(E) A person listed in the registry published by the 
secretary of state under subject to division (G) (B) of this 
section, or an agent, trustee, or fiduciary of such a person, 
shall not directly or indirectly transfer title to or an 
interest in agricultural land protected property to another 
person listed in that registry, or an agent, trustee, or 
fiduciary thereofsubject to that division , except by devise or 
descentunless an exception described in division (D) of this 
section applies. 
(E) (F) A person or an agent, trustee, or fiduciary that 
directly or indirectly purchases or otherwise acquires 
agricultural land in this state described in division (B)(1) of 
this section, other than by devise or descent, after the 
effective date of this section protected property, and that is 
subsequently added to the registry published by the secretary of
state under becomes subject to division (G) (B) of this section,
shall divest itself of all right, title, and interest in the 
agricultural land within two years from the date the person is 
added to the registry may continue to own or hold the protected 
property but shall not purchase or otherwise acquire, directly 
or indirectly, additional protected property unless an exception
described in division (D) of this section applies . 
(F)(1) (G)(1) If the secretary of state a county auditor 
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finds or has reason to believe that a person listed on the 
registry published under division (G) of this section , or an 
agent, trustee, or fiduciary thereof, subject to division (B) of
this section has acquired, or holds title to, or interest in, 
agricultural land protected property in this state in violation 
of this section, the secretary of state auditor shall report the
violation to the attorney general notify the county sheriff of 
each county in which the protected property is located. The 
county sheriff shall investigate the allegation. If the 
protected property is located in more than one county, the 
county sheriffs of those counties may investigate the allegation
collaboratively. 
(2) Upon receipt of the report from the secretary of 
state, the attorney general concluding the investigation, if the
county sheriff determines that a violation has occurred, the 
county sheriff shall refer the violation to the county 
prosecutor. Upon receiving such a referral, the county 
prosecutor shall initiate commence an action in the court of 
common pleas of any the county in which the agricultural land is
located seeking relief in accordance with this section . If the 
agricultural land protected property is located in more than one
county, or adjoining tracts of agricultural land are located in 
more than one county, rather than commencing a separate action 
in each such county, the county prosecutors may commence one 
consolidated action in the county in which the majority of the 
agricultural land territory of the protected property is located
shall have . In a consolidated action, the court of common pleas
of the county in which the majority of the territory of the 
protected property is located has territorial jurisdiction over 
agricultural land all protected property that is the subject of 
the action. The attorney general may initiate an action in the 
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court of common pleas of more than one county, if necessary, in 
which case, the court of common pleas in that county shall have 
jurisdiction over the action in matters as it relates to the 
portion of the agricultural land that is located in that county.
(3) The attorney general Once the action is commenced, the
county prosecutor shall file a notice of the pendency of the 
action with the county recorder of each county in which any of 
the agricultural land protected property subject to the action 
is located. 
(4) If the court finds that the agricultural land 
protected property in question has been acquired or held in 
violation of this section, it shall do all of the following: 
(a) Enter an order so declaring; 
(b) File a copy of the order with the county recorder of 
each county in which any portion of the agricultural land 
protected property is located; 
(c) Declare the agricultural land escheated to the state; 
(d) Order that the escheated agricultural land protected 
property be sold pursuant to Chapter 2329. of the Revised Code 
in the same manner as a foreclosure on a mortgage, except that 
there shall be no opportunity for redemption under section 
2329.33 of the Revised Code. 
(5) Upon receiving an order under division (F)(4) (G)(4) 
of this section, the clerk of the court shall notify the 
governor that the title to the agricultural land protected 
property is vested in the state to be sold by decree of the 
court. After the sale, the proceeds of the sale shall be paid as
follows: 
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(a) The proceeds shall first be used First, to pay court 
costs related to the action or actions initiated pursuant to 
division (F)(2) of this section ; 
(b) The remaining proceeds, if any, shall be paid Second, 
to bona fide lien holders, in their order of priority, except 
for liens that under the terms of the sale are to remain on the 
property;
(c) Third, to the person whose agricultural land 
escheated, but only in an amount not exceeding the actual cost 
paid by the person for that agricultural land; 
(c) The proceeds remaining after payments have been made 
pursuant to divisions (F)(5)(a) and (b) of this section shall be
paid to the general fund of each county in which the 
agricultural land protected property is located, proportionally,
based on the percentage of the territory located in each county.
(G) (H)(1) The secretary of state shall compile and 
periodically update at least one time every six months a 
registry of foreign adversaries and other persons that, based on
the best information available to the secretary of state, 
constitute a threat to the agricultural production , critical 
infrastructure, security, or military defense of this state, or 
the United States, if permitted to acquire agricultural land 
described in division (B)(1) of this section . 
(2) The registry shall be published on the secretary of 
state's web site. 
(3) The secretary of state shall consult all of the 
following in compiling the registry: 
(1)(a) The list of persons determined to be foreign 
adversaries by the secretary of commerce of the United States 
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under 15 C.F.R. 7.4to have engaged in a long-term pattern or 
serious instances of conduct significantly adverse to the 
national security of the United States or the security and 
safety of United States persons and, therefore, to constitute 
foreign adversaries for the purposes of Executive Order 13873, 
issued by the president of the United States on May 15, 2019 ; 
(2)(b) The terrorist exclusion list compiled by the 
secretary of state of the United States in consultation with the
attorney general of the United States under 8 U.S.C. 1182; 
(3)(c) The list of countries determined by the secretary 
of state of the United States that have repeatedly provided 
support for acts of international terrorism under 50 U.S.C. 
4813(c) and 22 U.S.C. 2780(d); 
(4)(d) The list of individual and entities designated by, 
or in accordance with Executive Order 13224, issued by the 
president of the United States on September 23, 20212001, or 
Executive Order 13268, issued by the president of the United 
States on July 2, 2002. 
(H) (4) The secretary of state shall not include on the 
registry any person that does not appear on at least one of the 
federal lists described in division (H)(3) of this section.
(I)(1) No person is required to determine or inquire 
whether another person is or may be subject to division (B) of 
this section unless the person is either:
(a) Subject to division (B) of this section;
(b) A county auditor, county sheriff, county prosecutor, 
or trier of fact of a court of common pleas acting in the 
person's official capacity as provided in this section or 
section 319.302 of the Revised Code;
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(2) A person that is not subject to division (B) of this 
section bears no liability under this section.
(3) No title to an interest in real property is invalid or
subject to divestment by reason of a violation of this section 
by any former owner or other person holding or owning a former 
interest in such real property.
(J) The purpose of establishing the restrictions as set 
forth in this section is to recognize that the state has a 
substantial and compelling interest in protecting its 
agricultural production , critical infrastructure, security, and 
military defense.
Sec. 5323.02. (A) An owner of residential rental property 
shall file with the county auditor of the county in which the 
property is located the following information: 
(1) The name, address, and telephone number of the owner;
(2) If the residential rental property is owned by a 
trust, business trust, estate, partnership, limited partnership,
limited liability company, association, corporation, or any 
other business entity, the name, address, and telephone number 
of the following:
(a) A trustee, in the case of a trust or business trust;
(b) The executor or administrator, in the case of an 
estate;
(c) A general partner, in the case of a partnership or a 
limited partnership;
(d) A member, manager, or officer, in the case of a 
limited liability company;
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477 H. B. No. 1 Page 18
As Introduced
(e) An associate, in the case of an association;
(f) An officer, in the case of a corporation;
(g) A member, manager, or officer, in the case of any 
other business entity.
(3) The street address and permanent parcel number of the 
residential rental property.
(B) The information required under division (A) of this 
section shall be filed and maintained on the tax list or the 
real property record.
(C) An owner of residential rental property shall update 
the information required under division (A) of this section 
within sixty days after any change in the information occurs.
(D) The county auditor shall provide an owner of 
residential rental property located in a county that has a 
population of more than two hundred thousand according to the 
most recent decennial census with notice pursuant to division 
(B) of section 323.131 of the Revised Code of the requirement to
file the information required under division (A) of this section
and the requirement to update that information under division 
(C) of this section.
(E) The owner of residential real property shall comply 
with the requirements under divisions (A) and (C) of this 
section within sixty days after receiving the notice provided 
under division (D) of this section, division (D)(E) of section 
319.202, or division (B) of section 323.131 of the Revised Code.
(F) Any agent designated by the owner to manage the 
property on the owner's behalf may file or update any 
information, or do anything otherwise required by this section, 
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As Introduced
on the owner's behalf.
Section 2. That existing sections 319.202, 5301.256, and 
5323.02 of the Revised Code are hereby repealed.
Section 3. This act shall be known as the Ohio Property 
Protection Act. 
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