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SENATE FLOOR VERSION
April 11, 2023
AS AMENDED
ENGROSSED HOUSE
BILL NO. 2372 By: Kannady of the House
and
Howard of the Senate
[ civil procedure - defenses and objections -
judgment - interest - effective date ]
BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA:
SECTION 1. AMENDATORY 12 O.S. 2021, Section 2012, is
amended to read as follows:
Section 2012.
DEFENSES AND OBJECTIONS; WHEN AND HOW PRESENTED;
BY PLEADING OR MOTION
A. WHEN PRESENTED. 1. Unless a different time is prescribed
by law, a defendant shall serve an answer:
a. within twenty (20) days a fter the service of the
summons and petition upon the defendant,
b. within twenty (20) days after the service of the
summons and petition upon the defendant, or within the
last day for answering if appl icable; provided, a
defendant may file a reservation o f time which shall
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extend the time to respond twenty (20) days from the
last date for answering. The filing of such a
reservation of time waives defenses of paragraphs 2,
3, 4, 5, 6, and 9 of subsectio n B of this section.
2. A party served with a pleadin g stating a cross-claim against
that party shall serve an answer thereto within twenty (20) days
after the service upon the party.
3. The plaintiff shall serve a reply to a counterclaim in the
answer within twenty (20) days after service of the answer or, if a
reply is ordered by the court, within twenty (20) days after service
of the order, unless the order otherwise directs.
4. The party requesting a summons to be issued or filing a
counter-claim counterclaim or cross-claim may elect to have the
answer served within thirty-five (35) days in lieu of the twenty
(20) days set forth in this section.
5. The service of a motion p ermitted under this section or a
motion for summary judgment alters these peri ods of time as follows:
if the court denies the motion or postpones its disposition until
the trial on the merits, the responsive pleading shall be served
within twenty (20) days after notice of the court's action, unless a
different time is fixed by order of the court.
B. HOW PRESENTED. Every defense, in l aw or fact, to a claim
for relief in any pleading, whether a claim, counterclaim, cross -
claim, or third-party claim, shall b e asserted in the responsive
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pleading thereto if one is required, except that the following
defenses may at the option of the pleade r be made by motion:
1. Lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter;
2. Lack of jurisdiction over the person;
3. Improper venue;
4. Insufficiency of process;
5. Insufficiency of service of process ;
6. Failure to state a claim upon which relief can b e granted;
7. Failure to join a party under Section 2019 of this title;
8. Another action pending between the same parties for the same
claim;
9. Lack of capacity of a party to be sued; and
10. Lack of capacity of a party to sue.
A motion making any of these defenses shall be made before
pleading if a further pleading is permitted. No defense or
objection is waived by bein g joined with one or more other defenses
or objections in a responsive pleadin g or motion. If a pleading
sets forth a claim for rel ief to which the adverse party is not
required to serve a responsive pleading, the adverse party may
assert at the trial any defense in law or fact to that claim for
relief. If, on a motion asserting t he defense numbered in paragraph
6 of this subsection to dismiss for failure of the pleading to state
a claim upon which relief can be granted, matters outside the
pleading are presented to and not excluded by the court, the motion
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shall be treated as one for summary judgment and all parties shall
be given reasonable opportunity to present all material made
pertinent to the motion by the rules for summary judgment. A motion
to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be
granted shall separately state each omission or defect in the
petition, and a motion that does not specify such defects or
omissions shall be denied without a hearing and the defendant shall
answer within twenty (20) days after notice of the court's action.
C. PRELIMINARY HEARINGS. The defenses specifically enumerated
in paragraphs 1 through 10 of subsection B of this section, whether
made in a pleading or by motion, and the motion to strike ment ioned
in subsection D of this section shall be heard and determined before
trial on application of any party, unless the court order s that the
hearing and determination thereof be deferred until the trial. If
the court determines that venue is proper, the action shall not be
dismissed for improper venue as a result of the jury 's verdict or
the subsequent ruling of the court on a demur rer to the evidence or
a motion for a directed verdict.
D. MOTION TO STRIKE. Upon motion made by a party before
responding to a pleading or, if no responsive pleading is permitted
by this act, upon mo tion made by a party within twenty (20) days
after the service of the pleading upon the party or upon the court 's
own initiative at any time, the court may order stricken from an y
pleading any insufficient defense. If, on a motion to strike an
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insufficient defense, matters outside the pleadings are presented to
and not excluded by the court, the motion shall be treated as one
for partial summary judgment and all parties shall be given
reasonable opportunity to present all materials made pertinent to
the motion by the rules for summary judgment.
E. CONSOLIDATION OF DEFENSES IN MOTION. A party who makes a
motion under this section may join with it any other motions herein
provided for and then available to the party. If a party makes a
motion under this section but omits therefrom any defense or
objection then available to the party which this section permits to
be raised by motion, the party shall not thereafter make a motion
based on the defense or objection so omitted, except a motion as
provided in paragraph 2 of subsection F of this section on the
grounds there stated. The court in its discretion may permit a
party to amend a motion by stating additional defenses or objectio ns
if an amendment is sought at least five (5) days before the hearing
on the motion.
F. WAIVER OR PRESERVATION OF CERTAIN DEFENSES .
1. A defense of lack of jurisdiction over the person, improper
venue, insufficiency of process, insufficiency of service of
process, failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted,
or lack of capacity of a party to be sued is waived:
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a. if omitted from a motion that raises any of the
defenses or objections which this section permits to
be raised by motion, or
b. if it is not made by motion and it is not included in
a responsive pleading or an amendment thereof
permitted by subsection A of Sect ion 2015 of this
title to be made as a matter of course. A motion to
strike an insufficient defense is waived if not raised
as in subsection D of this section.
2. A defense of failure to join a party indispensable under
Section 2019 of this title may be made in any pleading permitted or
ordered under subsection A of Section 2007 of this title or at the
trial on the merits. A defense of another action pending between
the same parties for the same claim or a defense of lack of capacity
of a party to sue ma y be made in any pleading permitted or ordered
pursuant to the provisions of subsection A of Section 2007 of this
title or at the pretrial conference.
3. Whenever it appears by suggestion of the partie s or
otherwise that the court lacks jurisdiction of th e subject matter,
the court shall dismiss the action.
4. A waiver of the defense in paragraph 6 of subsection B of
this section does not preclude a later contention that a party is
not entitled to any relief as a matter of law, either by motion for
summary judgment, or by demurrer or motion at or after trial.
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G. FINAL DISMISSAL ON FAILURE TO AMEND. On granting a motion
to dismiss a claim for relief, the court shall grant leave to amend
if the defect can be remedied and shall specify the time within
which an amended pleading shall be filed. If the amended pleading
is not filed within the time allowed, final judgment of dismis sal
with prejudice shall be entered on motion except in cases of
excusable neglect. In such cases amendment shall be made by the
party in default within a time specified by the court for filing an
amended pleading. Within the time allowed by the court fo r filing
an amended pleading, a plaintiff may voluntarily dismiss the action
without prejudice.
H. MOTION FOR DEFAULT JUDGMENT NOT REQUIRED IF DEFENDANT FAILS
TO FILE RESPONSE. Nothing in any provision of this title or in any
local or district court rule shall be construed to require either a
motion or a hearing for default judgme nt, and no notice shall be
necessary, if, after servic e of summons and petition, a defendant
fails to timely file with the court clerk within twenty (20) days a
written appearance, answer, motion, pleading, or response as
provided in subsection A of this s ection. Contact or communication
with the plaintiff o r attorney of the plaintiff shall not constitute
an appearance, answer, motion, pleading, or response unless the
contact or communication is in writing and is also timely filed by
the defendant in writing with the court clerk as provided in
subsection A of this section. The provisions of this subsection
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shall not be construed to preve nt an evidentiary hearing concerning
the amount of damages to be awarded.
SECTION 2. AMENDATORY 12 O.S. 2021, Section 727.1, is
amended to read as fo llows:
Section 727.1
POSTJUDGMENT INTEREST
A. 1. Except as otherwise provided by this section, all
judgments of courts of record, including costs and attorney fees
authorized by statute or otherwise and allowed by the court, shall
bear interest at a rate prescribed pursuant to this section. Such
interest shall also apply to the amounts collected on any judg ment
enforced during the pendency of an appeal which is subsequently
overturned on appeal when restitution is paid to the defendant.
2. Costs and attorney fees allowed by the court shall bear
interest from the earlier of the date the judgment or order is
pronounced, if expressly stated in the written judgment or order
awarding the costs and attorn ey fees, or the date the judgment or
order is filed with the court clerk.
B. Judgments, including costs and attorney fees authorized by
statute or otherwise and allowed by the court, against this state or
its political subdivisions, including counties, mu nicipalities,
school districts, and public trusts of which this state or a
political subdivision of this state is a beneficiary, shall bear
interest during the term of judg ment at a rate prescribed pursuant
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to this section from the date of rendition. No j udgment against
this state or its political subdivisions, including counties,
municipalities, school districts, and public trusts of which this
state or a political subdivi sion of this state is a beneficiary,
inclusive of postjudgment interest, shall excee d the total amount of
liability of the governmental entity pursuant to The Go vernmental
Tort Claims Act.
C. The postjudgment interest authorized by subsection A or
subsection B of this section shall accrue from the earlier of the
date the judgment is rend ered as expressly stated in the judgment,
or the date the judgment is filed w ith the court clerk, and shall
initially accrue at the rate in effect for the calendar year dur ing
which the judgment is rendered until the end of the calendar year in
which the judgment was rendered, or until the judgment is paid,
whichever first occurs. Beginning on January 1 of the next
succeeding calendar year until the end of that calendar yea r, or
until the judgment is paid, whichever first occurs, the judgment,
together with postjudgment interest previously accrued, shall bear
interest at the rate i n effect for judgments rendered during that
calendar year as certified by the Administrative Di rector of the
Courts pursuant to subsection I of this section. For each
succeeding calendar year, or part of a calendar year, during which a
judgment remains unpaid, the judgment, together with postjudgment
interest previously accrued, shall bear interest at the rate in
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effect for judgments rendered during that calendar year as certified
by the Administrative Director of the Courts pursuant to subsection
I of this section. A separate computation using the interest rate
in effect for judgments as provided by subsection I of this section
shall be made for each calendar year, or part of a c alendar year,
during which the judgment remains unpaid in order to determine the
total amount of interest for which the judgment debtor is liable.
The postjudgment interes t rate for each calendar year or part of a
calendar year a judgment remains unpaid s hall be multiplied by the
original amount of the judgment, including any prej udgment interest,
together with postjudgment interest previously accrued. Interest
shall accrue on a judgment in the manner prescribed by this
subsection until the judgment is sa tisfied or released.
D. If a rate of interest is specified in a contract, th e rate
specified shall apply and be stated in the journal entry of
judgment. The rate of inter est shall not exceed the lawful rate for
that obligation. Postjudgment interest sha ll be calculated at the
contractual rate and accrued in the same manner as pr escribed in
subsection C of this section.
PREJUDGMENT INTEREST
E. Except as provided by subsec tion F of this section,
beginning November 1, 2009, if a verdict for damages by reas on of
personal injuries or injury to personal rights including, but not
limited to, injury resulting from bodily restraint, personal insult,
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defamation, invasion of privacy , injury to personal relations, or
detriment due to an act or omission of another is accepted by the
trial court, the court in rendering judgment shall add inter est on
the verdict at a rate prescribed pursuant to subsection I of this
section from the date which is twenty-four (24) months after the
suit resulting in the judgment was commen ced to the earlier of the
date the verdict is accepted by the trial court as expressly stated
in the judgment, or the date the judgment is filed with the court
clerk. No prejudgment interest shall begin to accrue until twenty-
four (24) months after the su it resulting in the judgment was
commenced. The interest rate for computatio n of prejudgment
interest shall begin with the rate prescribed by subsection I of
this section which is in effect for the calendar year which is
twenty-four (24) months after the suit resulting in the judgment was
commenced. This rate shall be in effect u ntil the end of the
calendar year in which interest begins to accrue or until the date
judgment is filed, whichever first occurs. Beginning on January 1
of the next succeeding ca lendar year until the end of that calendar
year, or until the date the judgme nt is filed, whichever first
occurs, and for each succeeding calendar year thereafter, the
prejudgment interest rate shall be the rate in effect for judgments
rendered during each calendar year as certified by the
Administrative Director of the Courts purs uant to subsection I of
this section. After the computation of all prejudgment interest has
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been completed, the total amount of prejudgment interest shall be
added to the amount of the judgment rendered pursuant to the trial
of the action, and the total a mount of the resulting judgment shall
become the amount upon which postjudgment interest is com puted
pursuant to subsection A of this section.
F. If a verdict of the type describ ed by subsection E of this
section is rendered against this state or its poli tical
subdivisions, including counties, municipalities, school districts,
and public trusts of which this state or a political subdivision of
this state is a beneficiary, the judg ment shall bear interest at the
rate prescribed pursuant to subsection I of t his section from the
date the suit was commenced to the earlier of the date the verdict
is accepted by the trial court as expressly stated in the judgment
or the date the judgment is filed with the court clerk. The
interest rate for computation of prejudg ment interest shall begin
with the rate prescribed by subsection I of this section which is in
effect for the calendar year in which the suit resulting in the
judgment is commence d. This rate shall be in effect until the end
of the calendar year in which the suit resulting in judgment was
filed or until the date the judgment is rendered as expressl y stated
in the judgment, whichever first occurs. Beginning on January 1 of
the next succeeding calendar year until the end of that calendar
year, or until the date judgment is rendered, whichever first
occurs, and for each succeeding calendar year therea fter, the
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prejudgment interest rate shall be the rate in effect for judgments
rendered during each calendar year as certified by the
Administrative Director of t he Courts pursuant to subsection I of
this section. After the computation of prejudgment inter est has
been completed, the amount shall be added to the amount of the
judgment rendered pursuant to the trial of the action, and the total
amount of the resulti ng judgment shall become the amount upon which
postjudgment interest is computed pursuant to su bsection B of this
section. No award of prejudgment interest against this state or its
political subdivisions, including counties, municipalities, school
districts, and public trusts of which this state or a political
subdivision of this state is a benefi ciary, including the amount of
the judgment awarded pursuant to trial of the action, shall exceed
the total amount of liability of the governmental entity pursua nt to
The Governmental Tort Claims Act.
G. If exemplary or punitive damages are awarded in an action
for personal injury or injury to personal rights including, but not
limited to, injury resulting from bodily restraint, personal insult,
defamation, invasion of privacy, injury to personal relations, or
detriment due to an act or omission of another , the interest on that
award shall begin to accrue from the earlier of the date the
judgment is rendered as expressly stated in the judgment, or the
date the judgment is filed with the court clerk.
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H. If a judgment is rendered establishing the existence o f a
lien against property and no rate of interest exists, the court
shall allow prejudgment interest at a rate prescribed pursuant to
subsection I of this sectio n from the date the lien is filed to the
date of verdict.
I. For purposes of computing postjud gment interest as
authorized by this section, interest shall be the prime rate, as
listed in the first edition of the Wall Street Journal published for
each calendar year and as certified to the Administrative Director
of the Courts by the State Treasurer on the first regular business
day following publication in January of each year, plu s two percent
(2%). For purposes of computing prejudgment interest as author ized
by this section, interest shall be determined using a rate equal to
the average United Sta tes Treasury Bill rate of the preceding
calendar year as certified to the Administra tive Director of the
Courts by the State Treasurer on the first regular busin ess day in
January of each year.
J. For purposes of computing postjudgment interest, the
provisions of this section shall be applicable to all judgments of
the district courts re ndered on or after January 1, 2005. Effective
January 1, 2005, the method fo r computing postjudgment interest
prescribed by this section shall be applicable to all judgmen ts
remaining unpaid rendered prior to January 1, 2005.
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K. For purposes of computing prejudgment interest, the
provisions of this section shall be applicable to all actions which
are filed in the district courts on or after January 1, 2010, for
which an award of prejudgment interest is authorized by the
provisions of this section.
SECTION 3. This act shall become effective November 1, 202 3.
COMMITTEE REPORT BY: COMMITTEE ON JUDICIARY
April 11, 2023 - DO PASS AS AMENDED