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53	53	STATE OF OKLAHOMA
54	54
55	55	1st Session of the 59th Legislature (2023)
56	56
57	57	SENATE BILL 1109 By: Dahm
58	58
59	59
60	60
61	61	AS INTRODUCED
62	62
63	63	An Act relating to firearms; amending 21 O.S. 2021,
64	64	Section 1289.25, which relat es to the Oklahoma
65	65	Firearms Act of 1971 ; updating statutory reference;
66	66	clarifying immunity provi sion for persons asserting
67	67	claims of self-defense; authorizing defendant to file
68	68	motion to dismiss charges under certain
69	69	circumstances; granting def endant the right to fi le
70	70	interlocutory appeal after adverse rul ing made by the
71	71	court; providing parameters for appeal hearing ;
72	72	directing judges to enter certain order at conclusion
73	73	of appeal hearing; stating burden of proof for
74	74	evidence of self-defense in criminal prosecution;
75	75	amending 22 O.S. 2021, Sections 1053, as amended b y
76	76	Section 2, Chapter 209, O.S.L. 2022, and 1089.1 (22
77	77	O.S. Supp. 2022, Section 1053), which relate to
78	78	appeals taken by the state or municipality;
79	79	authorizing appeals by the state or municipalities
80	80	under certain circumstances; granting the state the
81	81	right to appeal certain adverse rulings or o rders;
82	82	and providing an effective date .
83	83
84	84
85	85
86	86
87	87	BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA:
88	88	SECTION 1. AMENDATORY 21 O.S. 2021, S ection 1289.25, is
89	89	amended to read as follows:
90	90	Section 1289.25.
91	91	PHYSICAL OR DEADLY FORCE AGAINST INTRUDER
92	92	A. The Legislature hereby recognizes that t he citizens of the
93	93	State of Oklahoma have a right to expect absolute safety within
94	94
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145	145	their own homes, places of business or places of worship and have
146	146	the right to establish policie s regarding the possession of weapons
147	147	on property pursuant to the provisions of Section 1290.22 of this
148	148	title.
149	149	B. A person, regardless of official capacity or lack of
150	150	official capacity, within a place of wor ship or a person, an owner,
151	151	manager or employee of a business is presumed to have held a
152	152	reasonable fear of imminent peril of death or great bodily harm to
153	153	himself or herself or anothe r when using defensive force that is
154	154	intended or likely to cause death o r great bodily harm to another
155	155	if:
156	156	1. a. The person against whom the defensive force was used was
157	157	in the process of unlawfu lly and forcefully entering, or had
158	158	unlawfully and forcibly entered, a dwelling, residence, occupied
159	159	vehicle, place of business or place of worship, or if that person
160	160	had removed or was attempting to remove another against the will of
161	161	that person from the dwelling, residence, occupied vehicle, place of
162	162	business or place of worship.;
163	163	b.
164	164	2. The person who uses defensive force knew or h ad reason to
165	165	believe that an unlawful and forcib le entry or unlawful and forcible
166	166	act was occurring or had occurred; or
167	167	2. 3. The person who uses defensive force knew or had a
168	168	reasonable belief that the person against whom the def ensive force
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220	220	was used entered or was attempting to enter into a dwelling,
221	221	residence, occupied vehicle, place of business or place of worship
222	222	for the purpose of committing a forcible felony, as defined in
223	223	Section 733 of this title, and that the defensive fo rce was
224	224	necessary to prevent the commission of the forcible felony.
225	225	C. The presumption set forth in subsection B of this section
226	226	does not apply if:
227	227	1. The person against whom the defensive force is used has the
228	228	right to be in or is a lawful resident of t he dwelling, residence,
229	229	or vehicle, such as an owner, lessee, or titlehol der, and there is
230	230	not a protective order from domestic violence in effect or a written
231	231	pretrial supervision order of no contact against that person;
232	232	2. The person or persons sought t o be removed are children or
233	233	grandchildren, or are otherwise in the lawfu l custody or under the
234	234	lawful guardianship, of, the person against whom the d efensive force
235	235	is used; or
236	236	3. The person who uses defensiv e force is engaged in an
237	237	unlawful activity or i s using the dwelling, res idence, occupied
238	238	vehicle, place of business or p lace of worship to further an
239	239	unlawful activity.
240	240	D. A person who is not enga ged in an unlawful activity and who
241	241	is attacked in any othe r place where he or she has a right to be has
242	242	no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and
243	243	meet force with force, including deadly force, if he or she
244	244
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295	295	reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to prevent death or
296	296	great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the
297	297	commission of a forc ible felony.
298	298	E. A person who unlawfully and by force enters or attempts to
299	299	enter the dwelling, residence, occupied vehicle o f another person,
300	300	place of business or place of worship is presumed to be doing so
301	301	with the intent to comm it an unlawful act involv ing force or
302	302	violence.
303	303	F. 1. A person who uses defensive force, as permitted pursuant
304	304	to the provisions of subsections A, B, D and E of this section, is
305	305	justified in using such defen sive force and is immune from shall not
306	306	be subject to criminal prosecution and or civil action for the use
307	307	of such defensive force, unless the force is determined to be
308	308	unlawful.
309	309	2. At least ten (10) days prior to the preliminary hearing in a
310	310	case where a defendant has been charged and is subject to c riminal
311	311	prosecution for the unlawful use of defens ive force, the defendant
312	312	may file a motion to dismiss the charges based on a claim that under
313	313	the provisions of this section, the d efendant is not subject to
314	314	criminal prosecution. If the court denies the m otion to dismiss,
315	315	the defendant shall have the rig ht to file an interlocutory appeal
316	316	on the ruling made by the court to the district or associate
317	317	district court judge having jurisdiction over the case.
318	318
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369	369	3. The appeal hearing before the district or associate district
370	370	court judge shall address whether the defensive force used by the
371	371	defendant was unlawful or justified and permitted pursuant to the
372	372	provisions of this section. If, after the appeal hearing, the
373	373	district or associate district court judge concludes that the
374	374	defensive force used was justified and permitted under the
375	375	provisions of this section, the judge shall enter a written order
376	376	containing findings of fact and conclusions of law that the
377	377	defendant is not subject to criminal prosecution and that criminal
378	378	charges and proceedings shall be dismissed and shall not be filed
379	379	unless newly discovered evidence or evidence not known to the
380	380	prosecution at the time is found or discovered . If, after the
381	381	appeal hearing, the district or associate district court judge
382	382	concludes that the defensive force used was not justified and
383	383	therefore unlawful, the judge shall enter an order binding the
384	384	defendant over for trial.
385	385	4. Once prima facie evidence of justified self-defense has been
386	386	raised by the defendant, the State of Oklahoma shall be required to
387	387	prove by clear and convincing evidence that the defensive force used
388	388	was not justified and therefore unlawful.
389	389	5. As used in this subsection, the term “criminal prosecution ”
390	390	includes charging or prosecuting the defendant.
391	391	G. A law enforcement agency may use standard procedures for
392	392	investigating the use of defensive force, but the law enforcement
393	393
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444	444	agency may not arrest the person for usi ng defensive force unless it
445	445	determines that there is probable cause that the defensive force
446	446	that was used was unlawful.
447	447	H. The court shall award reasonable attorney fees, court costs,
448	448	compensation for loss of income, and all reasonable expenses
449	449	incurred by the defendant in defense of any civil acti on brought by
450	450	a plaintiff if the court finds that the defendant is immune from not
451	451	subject to prosecution as provided in subsection F of this section.
452	452	I. The provisions of this section and the provisions of the
453	453	Oklahoma Self-Defense Act shall not be const rued to require any
454	454	person using a weapon pursuant to the provisions of this section to
455	455	be licensed in any manner.
456	456	J. A person pointing a weapon at a perpetrator in self -defense
457	457	or in order to thwart, stop or deter a for cible felony or attempted
458	458	forcible felony shall not be deemed guilty of committing a criminal
459	459	act.
460	460	K. As used in this section:
461	461	1. “Defensive force” includes, but shall is not be limited to,
462	462	pointing a weapon at a perpetrator in self -defense or in order to
463	463	thwart, stop or deter a forcible felony or attempted forcible
464	464	felony;
465	465	2. “Dwelling” means a building or co nveyance of any kind,
466	466	including any attached porch, whether the building or conveyance is
467	467
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518	518	temporary or permanent, mobile or immobile, which has a roof over
519	519	it, including a tent, and is designed to be occupied by people;
520	520	3. “Place of worship” means:
521	521	a. any permanent building, structure, facility or office
522	522	space owned, leased, rented or borrowed, on a full -
523	523	time basis, when used for worship services, acti vities
524	524	and business of the congr egation, which may include,
525	525	but is not be limited to, churches, temples,
526	526	synagogues and mosques, and
527	527	b. any permanent building, structure, facility or office
528	528	space owned, leased, rented or borrowed for use on a
529	529	temporary basis, when used for worship servic es,
530	530	activities and business of the congregation including
531	531	which may include, but is not limited to, churches,
532	532	temples, synagogues and mosques;
533	533	4. “Residence” means a dwelling in which a person resides
534	534	either temporarily or permanently or is visiting as an invited
535	535	guest; and
536	536	5. “Vehicle” means a conveyance of any kind, whether or not
537	537	motorized, which is designed to transport people or property.
538	538	SECTION 2. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Section 1053, as
539	539	amended by Section 2, Chapter 209, O.S.L. 2022 (22 O.S. Supp. 2022,
540	540	Section 1053), is amended to read as follows:
541	541
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592	592	Section 1053. Appeals to the Court of Criminal Appeals may be
593	593	taken by the state or a municipality in the following cases only:
594	594	1. Upon judgment for the defendant on quashing or setting aside
595	595	an indictment or information;
596	596	2. Upon an order of the cou rt arresting the judgment;
597	597	3. Upon a question reserved by the state or a municipality;
598	598	4. Upon judgment for the defendant on a motion to quash for
599	599	insufficient evidence in a felony matter;
600	600	5. Upon a pretrial order, decision, or judgment suppressing or
601	601	excluding evidence where appellate revie w of the issue would be in
602	602	the best interests of justice ;
603	603	6. Upon a pretrial order, decision or judgment suppressing or
604	604	excluding evidence in cases alleg ing violation of any provisions of
605	605	Section 13.1 of Title 21 of the Oklahoma Statutes; and
606	606	7. Upon an a pretrial order, decision or judgment finding that
607	607	a defendant is immune from or not subject to criminal prosecution
608	608	under the provisions of Se ction 1289.25 of Title 21 of the Oklaho ma
609	609	Statutes.
610	610	Priority shall be given to appeals ta ken pursuant to para graph
611	611	5, 6, or 7 of this section, and an order staying proceedings shall
612	612	be entered pending the outcome of the appeal.
613	613	SECTION 3. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Secti on 1089.1, is
614	614	amended to read as follows:
615	615
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666	666	Section 1089.1. The State of Oklahoma, by and through the
667	667	district attorney or Attor ney General, shall have the right to
668	668	appeal an adverse ruling or order of a magistrate sustaining:
669	669	1. Sustaining a motion to suppress evidence, quashing;
670	670	2. Quashing an information, sustaining;
671	671	3. Sustaining a plea to the jurisdiction of the court , failing;
672	672	4. Failing to find prosecutive merit in a hearing pursuant to
673	673	Section 2-2-403 of Title 10A of the Oklahoma Statutes , sustaining;
674	674	5. Sustaining a demurrer to the information , binding;
675	675	6. Binding the defendant over for trial on a charge other than
676	676	the charge for the original offense, or discharging;
677	677	7. Discharging a defendant at the preliminary examination
678	678	because of insufficiency of the evidence to establish either that a
679	679	crime has been committed or that there is probable cause to believe
680	680	that the accused has committed a felony; or
681	681	8. Discharging a defendant on a finding that the defendant is
682	682	not subject to criminal prosecut ion under the provisio ns of Section
683	683	1289.25 of Title 21 of the Oklahoma Statu tes.
684	684	Such an appeal shall be taken in accordance w ith the procedures
685	685	provided in this act.
686	686	SECTION 4. This act shall become effective November 1, 2023.
687	687
688	688	59-1-937 TEK 1/19/2023 3:17:28 PM

Oklahoma 2023 Regular Session

Oklahoma Senate Bill SB1109 Compare Versions