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53 | 53 | | STATE OF OKLAHOMA |
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54 | 54 | | |
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55 | 55 | | 1st Session of the 59th Legislature (2023) |
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56 | 56 | | |
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57 | 57 | | SENATE BILL 771 By: Howard |
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58 | 58 | | |
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59 | 59 | | |
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60 | 60 | | |
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61 | 61 | | |
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62 | 62 | | |
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63 | 63 | | AS INTRODUCED |
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64 | 64 | | |
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65 | 65 | | An Act relating to determination of compete nce; |
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66 | 66 | | amending 22 O.S. 2021, Sections 1175.1 , 1175.3, |
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67 | 67 | | 1175.4, and 1175.6b, which relate to definitions and |
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68 | 68 | | procedures for determining com petency; modifying |
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69 | 69 | | definitions; providing for standing for Office of |
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70 | 70 | | Public Guardian to participate in certain |
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71 | 71 | | proceedings; establishing certain exception for |
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72 | 72 | | reports to be considered by the court; updating |
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73 | 73 | | statutory reference; and providing an effective date . |
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74 | 74 | | |
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75 | 75 | | |
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76 | 76 | | |
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77 | 77 | | |
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78 | 78 | | |
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79 | 79 | | BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA: |
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80 | 80 | | SECTION 1. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Section 1175.1, is |
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81 | 81 | | amended to read as follows: |
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82 | 82 | | Section 1175.1. As used in Sections 1175.1 through 1176 of this |
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83 | 83 | | title: |
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84 | 84 | | 1. “Competent” or “competency” means the present ability of a |
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85 | 85 | | person arrested for or charged with a crime to understand the nature |
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86 | 86 | | of the charges and proceedings bro ught against him or her and to |
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87 | 87 | | effectively and rati onally assist in his or her defense; |
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88 | 88 | | 2. “Criminal proceeding” means every stage of a criminal |
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89 | 89 | | prosecution after arrest and before judgment, including, but not |
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90 | 90 | | |
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140 | 140 | | |
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141 | 141 | | limited to, interrogation, lineup, preliminar y hearing, motion |
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142 | 142 | | dockets, discovery, pretrial hear ings and trial; |
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143 | 143 | | 3. “Dangerous” means a person who is a person requiring |
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144 | 144 | | treatment as defined in Section 1 -103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma |
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145 | 145 | | Statutes; |
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146 | 146 | | 4. “Incompetent” or “incompetency” means the present inability |
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147 | 147 | | of a person arrested for or ch arged with a crime to understand the |
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148 | 148 | | nature of the charges and proceedings brought against him or her and |
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149 | 149 | | to effectively and rationally assist in his or her defense; |
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150 | 150 | | 3. “Dangerous” means a person who is a person requ iring |
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151 | 151 | | treatment as defined in Section 1 -103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma |
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152 | 152 | | Statutes; |
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153 | 153 | | 4. “Criminal proceeding” means every stage of a criminal |
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154 | 154 | | prosecution after arrest and before judgment, including, but not |
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155 | 155 | | limited to, interrogation, lineup, preliminary hea ring, motion |
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156 | 156 | | dockets, discovery, pretri al hearings and trial; |
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157 | 157 | | 5. “Public guardian” means the Office of Public Guardian as |
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158 | 158 | | established under the Oklahoma Public Guardianship Act in Section 6 - |
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159 | 159 | | 101 et seq. of Title 30 of the Oklahoma Statutes; |
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160 | 160 | | 6. “Qualified forensic examiner” means any: |
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161 | 161 | | a. psychiatrist with forensic training and experience, |
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162 | 162 | | b. psychologist with forensic training and experience, or |
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163 | 163 | | c. a licensed mental health professional whose forensic |
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164 | 164 | | training and experience enable him or her to form |
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215 | 215 | | |
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216 | 216 | | expert opinions regarding mental illness, comp etency |
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217 | 217 | | and dangerousness and who has been approved to render |
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218 | 218 | | such opinions by the court; provided, however, a |
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219 | 219 | | licensed mental health professional shall not be |
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220 | 220 | | qualified to issue exper t opinions as to competency or |
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221 | 221 | | dangerousness in cases in which a person is alleged to |
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222 | 222 | | be incompetent due to intellectual di sability; and |
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223 | 223 | | 6. 7. “Reasonable period of time ” means a period not to exceed |
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224 | 224 | | the lesser of: |
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225 | 225 | | a. the maximum sentence specified for th e most serious |
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226 | 226 | | offense with which the defendant is charged, or |
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227 | 227 | | b. a maximum period of two (2) years; and |
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228 | 228 | | 7. “Public guardian” means the Office of Public Guardian as |
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229 | 229 | | established under the Oklahoma Public Guardianship Act in Section 6 - |
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230 | 230 | | 101 et seq. of Title 3 0 of the Oklahoma Statutes . |
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231 | 231 | | SECTION 2. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Section 1175.3, is |
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232 | 232 | | amended to read as follows: |
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233 | 233 | | Section 1175.3. A. Upon filing of an application for |
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234 | 234 | | determination of competency, the court shall set a hearing date, |
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235 | 235 | | which shall be as soon as practic able, but at least one (1) day |
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236 | 236 | | after service of notice as provided by Section 1175.2 of this title. |
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237 | 237 | | B. The court shall hold a hearing on the date provided. At the |
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238 | 238 | | hearing, the court shall examine the application for determination |
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239 | 239 | | of competency to determi ne if it alleges facts sufficient to ra ise a |
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240 | 240 | | |
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241 | 241 | | |
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290 | 290 | | |
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291 | 291 | | doubt as to the competency of the person. Any additional evidence |
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292 | 292 | | tending to create a doubt as to the competency of the person may be |
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293 | 293 | | presented at this hearing. |
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294 | 294 | | C. If the court finds there is no doubt as to th e competency of |
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295 | 295 | | the person, it shall or der the criminal proceedings to resume. |
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296 | 296 | | D. 1. a. If the court finds there is a doubt as to the |
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297 | 297 | | competency of the person, it shall order the person to |
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298 | 298 | | be examined by the Department of Mental Health and |
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299 | 299 | | Substance Abuse Services or by a qualified forensic |
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300 | 300 | | examiner designated by the Department to perform |
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301 | 301 | | competency examinations. |
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302 | 302 | | b. In addition, the Developmental Disabilities Services |
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303 | 303 | | Division and the Office of Public Guardian of the |
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304 | 304 | | Department of Human Services shall recei ve written |
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305 | 305 | | notice from the district att orney who filed the |
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306 | 306 | | criminal petition, and be authorized by order of the |
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307 | 307 | | court to have a psychologist or other appropriate |
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308 | 308 | | clinician participate with professionals assigned by |
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309 | 309 | | any other public or private agency in any competency |
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310 | 310 | | evaluation wherein where developmental or intellectual |
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311 | 311 | | disability may be involved. The psychologist or |
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312 | 312 | | clinician employed, by contract or otherwise, by the |
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313 | 313 | | Department of Human Services may issue a separate |
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314 | 314 | | opinion and recommendation to the cou rt. In such |
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315 | 315 | | |
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316 | 316 | | |
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365 | 365 | | |
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366 | 366 | | cases where intellectual disability may be involved, |
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367 | 367 | | the Office of Public Guardian shall have standing to |
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368 | 368 | | participate in any stage of the proceedings as deemed |
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369 | 369 | | necessary by the Office. |
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370 | 370 | | 2. The person shall be examined by a qualified foren sic |
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371 | 371 | | examiner on an outpatient basis prior to referral for any necessary |
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372 | 372 | | inpatient evaluation, as ordered by the court. The outpa tient |
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373 | 373 | | examination may be conducted in the community, the jail or detention |
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374 | 374 | | facility where the person is held. |
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375 | 375 | | 3. If the court determines that the person whose competency is |
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376 | 376 | | in question may be dangerous as defined in Section 1175.1 of this |
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377 | 377 | | title, it shall order the person retained in a secure facility until |
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378 | 378 | | the completion of the competency hearing provided in Section 1175.4 |
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379 | 379 | | of this title. If the court determines the person may be dangerous |
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380 | 380 | | as defined in Section 1175.1 of this title because the individual i s |
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381 | 381 | | a person requiring treatment as defined in Section 1 -103 of Title |
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382 | 382 | | 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes, it may commit the person to t he |
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383 | 383 | | custody of the Department of Mental Healt h and Substance Abuse |
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384 | 384 | | Services or any other state agency or private facility for the |
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385 | 385 | | examination required by this subsection. The person shall be |
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386 | 386 | | required to undergo examination for a period of time sufficient f or |
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387 | 387 | | the qualified forensic examiner(s) examiner or examiners to reach a |
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388 | 388 | | conclusion as to competency, and the court shall impose a reasonable |
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389 | 389 | | time limitation for such period of examination. |
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440 | 440 | | |
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441 | 441 | | E. The qualified forensic examiner(s) examiner or examiners |
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442 | 442 | | shall receive instructions that they shall examine the patient to |
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443 | 443 | | determine: |
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444 | 444 | | 1. If the person is able to appreciate the nature of the |
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445 | 445 | | charges made against such person; |
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446 | 446 | | 2. If the person is able to consult with the lawyer and |
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447 | 447 | | rationally assist in the preparation of th e defense of such person; |
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448 | 448 | | 3. If the person is unable to appreciate the nature of the |
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449 | 449 | | charges or to consult and rationally a ssist in the preparation of |
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450 | 450 | | the defense, whether the person can attain competency within a |
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451 | 451 | | reasonable period of time as defined in S ection 1175.1 of this title |
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452 | 452 | | if provided with a course of treatment, therapy or training; |
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453 | 453 | | 4. If the person is a person requi ring treatment as defined by |
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454 | 454 | | Section 1-103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes; |
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455 | 455 | | 5. If the person is incompetent because the perso n is |
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456 | 456 | | intellectually disabled as defined in Section 1408 of Title 10 of |
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457 | 457 | | the Oklahoma Statutes; |
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458 | 458 | | 6. If the answers to questions requirements of paragraphs 4 and |
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459 | 459 | | 5 of this subsection are no not established, why the reasoning for |
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460 | 460 | | which the defendant is otherwise incompetent; and |
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461 | 461 | | 7. If the person were released, whether such person would |
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462 | 462 | | presently be dangerous as defined in Section 1175.1 of this title. |
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463 | 463 | | F. Upon completion of the competency evaluation, the Department |
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464 | 464 | | of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services or qualified forensic |
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465 | 465 | | |
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515 | 515 | | |
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516 | 516 | | examiner designated by the Department to perform competency |
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517 | 517 | | examinations shall notify the court of it s findings. If the person |
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518 | 518 | | is in the custody of the Department of Mental Health and Substance |
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519 | 519 | | Abuse Services, the person shall be re turned to the court in the |
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520 | 520 | | customary manner within five (5) business days. If the person is |
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521 | 521 | | not returned within that time, the county in which the proceedings |
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522 | 522 | | are to be held shall pay the costs of maintaining the person at the |
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523 | 523 | | institution or facility for the period of time the person remains a t |
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524 | 524 | | the institution or facility in excess of the five -day period. |
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525 | 525 | | SECTION 3. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Section 1175.4, is |
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526 | 526 | | amended to read as follows: |
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527 | 527 | | Section 1175.4. A. A hearing to determine the competency of |
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528 | 528 | | the person whose comp etency is in question shall be held within |
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529 | 529 | | thirty (30) days after the qualified forensic examiner(s) examiner |
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530 | 530 | | or examiners have made the determination required in Section 1175.3 |
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531 | 531 | | of this title. In such cases where intellectual disability may be |
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532 | 532 | | involved, the Office of Public Guardian shall have standing to |
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533 | 533 | | participate in any stage of the proceedings as deemed necessary by |
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534 | 534 | | the Office. |
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535 | 535 | | B. The court, at the hearing, shall determine by a |
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536 | 536 | | preponderance of the evidence if t he person is incompetent. Such |
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537 | 537 | | determination shall include consideration of all reports prepar ed by |
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538 | 538 | | the qualified forensic examiner(s) examiner or examiners ; provided, |
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539 | 539 | | however, in any case where intellec tual disability may be involved, |
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540 | 540 | | |
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591 | 591 | | the court shall be limited to the diagnoses, opinions, and |
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592 | 592 | | recommendations of examiners set forth in subparagraph b of |
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593 | 593 | | paragraph 1 of subsection D of Section 1175.3 of this title. The |
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594 | 594 | | person shall be presumed to be competent for the purposes of the |
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595 | 595 | | allocation of the burden of proof and burden of going forward wi th |
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596 | 596 | | the evidence. If the court deem s it necessary, or if the person |
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597 | 597 | | alleged to be a person requiring treatment, or any relative, friend, |
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598 | 598 | | or any person with whom he may reside, or at whose house the person |
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599 | 599 | | may be, shall so demand, the court shall schedule t he hearing on the |
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600 | 600 | | application as a jury trial to be held within seventy-two (72) hours |
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601 | 601 | | of the request, excluding weekends and legal holidays, or within as |
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602 | 602 | | much additional time as is requested by the attorney of the pe rson |
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603 | 603 | | whose competency is in question, u pon good cause shown. The jury |
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604 | 604 | | shall be composed of six (6) persons having the qualifications |
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605 | 605 | | required of jurors in courts of record, summoned to determine the |
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606 | 606 | | questions of the person ’s competency and need for treatm ent. |
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607 | 607 | | Whenever a jury is required, the court shall proceed to the |
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608 | 608 | | selection of such jury in the manner as provided by law and such |
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609 | 609 | | jury shall determine the questions of the competency and need for |
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610 | 610 | | treatment of the person whose competency is in question. T he jurors |
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611 | 611 | | shall receive fees for attend ance and mileage as are allowed by law. |
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612 | 612 | | C. The person whose competency is in question shall have the |
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613 | 613 | | right to be present at the hearing on the petition unless it is made |
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614 | 614 | | to appear to the court that the presence of th e person makes it |
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616 | 616 | | |
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665 | 665 | | |
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666 | 666 | | impossible to conduct the hearing in a reasonable manner . The court |
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667 | 667 | | may not decide in advance of the hearing, solely on the basis of the |
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668 | 668 | | certificate of the examining doctor or doctors, that the person |
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669 | 669 | | whose competency is in question shou ld not be allowed to appear. It |
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670 | 670 | | shall be made to appear to the court base d on clear and convin cing |
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671 | 671 | | evidence that alternatives to exclusion were attempted before the |
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672 | 672 | | court renders the person ’s removal for that purpose or the person ’s |
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673 | 673 | | appearance at such hea ring improper and unsafe. |
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674 | 674 | | D. All witnesses shall be subject to cross-examination in the |
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675 | 675 | | same manner as is provided by law. If so stipulated by counsel for |
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676 | 676 | | a person whose competency is in question, the district attorney and |
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677 | 677 | | the court, testimony may be giv en by telephone or other electronic |
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678 | 678 | | transmitting device approved by the co urt. No statement, a dmission |
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679 | 679 | | or confession made by the person whose competency is in question |
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680 | 680 | | obtained during the examination for competency may be used for any |
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681 | 681 | | purpose except for p roceedings under this act Section 1175.1 et seq. |
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682 | 682 | | of this title. No such statement, admission or confession may be |
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683 | 683 | | used against such person in any criminal action whether pending at |
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684 | 684 | | the time the hearing is held or filed against such person at any |
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685 | 685 | | later time, directly, indirectly or in any manner or form. |
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686 | 686 | | E. If the question of com petency is submitted to a jury, the |
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687 | 687 | | court shall instruct the jury as to the law regarding competency, |
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688 | 688 | | and the findings they are to make. If the trial of the question is |
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689 | 689 | | to the court, the court shall make the required findings. |
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690 | 690 | | |
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691 | 691 | | |
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692 | 692 | | Req. No. 1521 Page 10 1 |
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740 | 740 | | |
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741 | 741 | | SECTION 4. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Section 1175.6b, is |
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742 | 742 | | amended to read as follows: |
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743 | 743 | | Section 1175.6b. A. If the person is found to be incompetent |
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744 | 744 | | primarily because the person is int ellectually disabled as defined |
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745 | 745 | | in Section 1408 of Title 10 of the Oklahoma Statutes, and is also |
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746 | 746 | | found by the court to be dangerous as defined by Section 1175.1 of |
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747 | 747 | | this title, the court shall suspend the criminal proceedings , and |
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748 | 748 | | shall place the person into the custody of the Office of Public |
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749 | 749 | | Guardian. The Office of Public Guard ian shall act with all powers |
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750 | 750 | | set forth in the Oklahoma Public Guardianship Act, and: |
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751 | 751 | | 1. The Office of Public Guardian shall place any person placed |
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752 | 752 | | in its custody under this titl e in a facility or residential |
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753 | 753 | | setting, private or public, willing to accept the individual and |
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754 | 754 | | that has a level of supervision and security that is appropriate to |
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755 | 755 | | the needs of the person; |
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756 | 756 | | 2. Such placements shall be within the sole discretion of the |
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757 | 757 | | Office of Public Guardian; |
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758 | 758 | | 3. All such placement s made by the Office of Public Guardian |
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759 | 759 | | shall be made within six (6) months of the date of the order |
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760 | 760 | | awarding custody to the Office of Public Guardian; |
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761 | 761 | | 4. The Office of Public Guardian shall report to the court at |
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762 | 762 | | least every six (6) months as to the stat us of the person including, |
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763 | 763 | | but not limited to, the type of placement, services provided, level |
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764 | 764 | | of supervision, the medical and psychological health of the person, |
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765 | 765 | | |
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766 | 766 | | |
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815 | 815 | | |
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816 | 816 | | whether the person would be dangerous if condit ionally released into |
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817 | 817 | | a nonsecure environment , the assistance and services t hat would be |
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818 | 818 | | required for such conditional release and whether the person has |
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819 | 819 | | achieved competency; |
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820 | 820 | | 5. If the person is determined by the Office of Public Guardian |
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821 | 821 | | to have regained competency or that conditional release to a private |
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822 | 822 | | guardian or other caret aker is appropriate, a hearing shall be |
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823 | 823 | | scheduled within twenty (20) days. If found competent by the court |
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824 | 824 | | or a jury after such rehearing, criminal proceedings shall be |
---|
825 | 825 | | resumed. If the court finds conditional release to be appropriate, |
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826 | 826 | | the court shall make an appropriate order for conditional release; |
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827 | 827 | | and |
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828 | 828 | | 6. The provisions of subsections C, H and I of Section 6 -101 of |
---|
829 | 829 | | Title 30 of the Oklahoma Statutes shall not apply to custody o rders |
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830 | 830 | | arising under this title. |
---|
831 | 831 | | B. If the person is found to be incompetent for reasons other |
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832 | 832 | | than the person is a person requiring treatment as defined by |
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833 | 833 | | Section 1-103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes and is found to |
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834 | 834 | | be not dangerous as defined by Section 1175.1 of this title, the |
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835 | 835 | | court shall suspend the criminal proceedin gs and either refer the |
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836 | 836 | | person to the Department of Human Services for consideration of |
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837 | 837 | | voluntary assistance or conditionally release the person as set |
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838 | 838 | | forth in this section. |
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839 | 839 | | |
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840 | 840 | | |
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889 | 889 | | |
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890 | 890 | | 1. For any person recommended for conditional rel ease, a |
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891 | 891 | | written plan for servic es shall be prepared by the Department of |
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892 | 892 | | Human Services and filed with the court. In its order of |
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893 | 893 | | conditional release, the court shall specify the conditions of |
---|
894 | 894 | | release and shall direct the appropriate agencies or persons t o |
---|
895 | 895 | | submit annual reports regardi ng the person’s compliance with the |
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896 | 896 | | conditions of release and progress: |
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897 | 897 | | a. to be eligible for conditional release, the person |
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898 | 898 | | shall agree, in writing, that during the period the |
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899 | 899 | | person is granted conditional release and is su bject |
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900 | 900 | | to the provisions thereof , there shall be free |
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901 | 901 | | transmission of all pertinent information, including |
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902 | 902 | | clinical information regarding the person, among the |
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903 | 903 | | person’s treatment providers, the appropriate distri ct |
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904 | 904 | | attorneys, law enforcement and court perso nnel. To |
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905 | 905 | | effect this agreement , the person shall execute any |
---|
906 | 906 | | releases required by law to allow for the |
---|
907 | 907 | | dissemination of this information, |
---|
908 | 908 | | b. the court’s order placing the person on conditional |
---|
909 | 909 | | release shall include notice that the person’s |
---|
910 | 910 | | conditional release may be revoked upon good c ause, |
---|
911 | 911 | | c. the district attorney, as well as any agency or |
---|
912 | 912 | | individual involved in providing services with regard |
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913 | 913 | | to the person’s conditional release, may prepare and |
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914 | 914 | | |
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915 | 915 | | |
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964 | 964 | | |
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965 | 965 | | file an affidavit under oath if the district attorney, |
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966 | 966 | | agency, or individual believes that t he person has |
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967 | 967 | | failed to comply with the conditions of release. The |
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968 | 968 | | court shall then conduct a hearing to determine if the |
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969 | 969 | | person has violated the conditions of release. Notice |
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970 | 970 | | of the hearing shall be issued, at least twenty -four |
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971 | 971 | | (24) hours before the hea ring, to the Department of |
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972 | 972 | | Human Services, the person, trial counsel for the |
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973 | 973 | | person, and the client advocate general of the |
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974 | 974 | | Department of Human Services. After reviewing the |
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975 | 975 | | evidence concerning any alleged violation of the |
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976 | 976 | | conditions of the release, the p erson’s progress, |
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977 | 977 | | treatment alternatives, and the need for public |
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978 | 978 | | safety, the court may order no change to the |
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979 | 979 | | conditions for the person ’s release or modify the |
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980 | 980 | | conditions of release, and |
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981 | 981 | | d. the person placed on conditional r elease shall remain |
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982 | 982 | | in a conditional release status until the reviewing |
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983 | 983 | | court issues a full release from all conditions. |
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984 | 984 | | 2. If the person is determined by the Department of Human |
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985 | 985 | | Services to have regained compe tency, a hearing shall be scheduled |
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986 | 986 | | within twenty (20) days: |
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987 | 987 | | a. if found competent by the court or a jury after such |
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988 | 988 | | rehearing, criminal proceedings shall be resumed, |
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989 | 989 | | |
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990 | 990 | | |
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1037 | 1037 | | 23 |
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1038 | 1038 | | 24 |
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1039 | 1039 | | |
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1040 | 1040 | | b. if the person is found to continue to be incompetent, |
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1041 | 1041 | | the person shall be returned to either conditional |
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1042 | 1042 | | release or referred to the Department of Human |
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1043 | 1043 | | Services for consideration of voluntary assistance. |
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1044 | 1044 | | C. The Office of Public Guardian shall have standing to |
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1045 | 1045 | | participate in any proceeding held pursuant to this sec tion as |
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1046 | 1046 | | deemed necessary by the Office. |
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1047 | 1047 | | SECTION 5. This act shall become effective No vember 1, 2023. |
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1048 | 1048 | | |
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1049 | 1049 | | 59-1-1521 TEK 1/18/2023 6:49:47 PM |
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