Oklahoma 2023 Regular Session

Oklahoma Senate Bill SB771 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.
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5353 STATE OF OKLAHOMA
5454
5555 1st Session of the 59th Legislature (2023)
5656
5757 SENATE BILL 771 By: Howard
5858
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6363 AS INTRODUCED
6464
6565 An Act relating to determination of compete nce;
6666 amending 22 O.S. 2021, Sections 1175.1 , 1175.3,
6767 1175.4, and 1175.6b, which relate to definitions and
6868 procedures for determining com petency; modifying
6969 definitions; providing for standing for Office of
7070 Public Guardian to participate in certain
7171 proceedings; establishing certain exception for
7272 reports to be considered by the court; updating
7373 statutory reference; and providing an effective date .
7474
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7979 BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA:
8080 SECTION 1. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Section 1175.1, is
8181 amended to read as follows:
8282 Section 1175.1. As used in Sections 1175.1 through 1176 of this
8383 title:
8484 1. “Competent” or “competency” means the present ability of a
8585 person arrested for or charged with a crime to understand the nature
8686 of the charges and proceedings bro ught against him or her and to
8787 effectively and rati onally assist in his or her defense;
8888 2. “Criminal proceeding” means every stage of a criminal
8989 prosecution after arrest and before judgment, including, but not
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141141 limited to, interrogation, lineup, preliminar y hearing, motion
142142 dockets, discovery, pretrial hear ings and trial;
143143 3. “Dangerous” means a person who is a person requiring
144144 treatment as defined in Section 1 -103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma
145145 Statutes;
146146 4. “Incompetent” or “incompetency” means the present inability
147147 of a person arrested for or ch arged with a crime to understand the
148148 nature of the charges and proceedings brought against him or her and
149149 to effectively and rationally assist in his or her defense;
150150 3. “Dangerous” means a person who is a person requ iring
151151 treatment as defined in Section 1 -103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma
152152 Statutes;
153153 4. “Criminal proceeding” means every stage of a criminal
154154 prosecution after arrest and before judgment, including, but not
155155 limited to, interrogation, lineup, preliminary hea ring, motion
156156 dockets, discovery, pretri al hearings and trial;
157157 5. “Public guardian” means the Office of Public Guardian as
158158 established under the Oklahoma Public Guardianship Act in Section 6 -
159159 101 et seq. of Title 30 of the Oklahoma Statutes;
160160 6. “Qualified forensic examiner” means any:
161161 a. psychiatrist with forensic training and experience,
162162 b. psychologist with forensic training and experience, or
163163 c. a licensed mental health professional whose forensic
164164 training and experience enable him or her to form
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216216 expert opinions regarding mental illness, comp etency
217217 and dangerousness and who has been approved to render
218218 such opinions by the court; provided, however, a
219219 licensed mental health professional shall not be
220220 qualified to issue exper t opinions as to competency or
221221 dangerousness in cases in which a person is alleged to
222222 be incompetent due to intellectual di sability; and
223223 6. 7. “Reasonable period of time ” means a period not to exceed
224224 the lesser of:
225225 a. the maximum sentence specified for th e most serious
226226 offense with which the defendant is charged, or
227227 b. a maximum period of two (2) years; and
228228 7. “Public guardian” means the Office of Public Guardian as
229229 established under the Oklahoma Public Guardianship Act in Section 6 -
230230 101 et seq. of Title 3 0 of the Oklahoma Statutes .
231231 SECTION 2. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Section 1175.3, is
232232 amended to read as follows:
233233 Section 1175.3. A. Upon filing of an application for
234234 determination of competency, the court shall set a hearing date,
235235 which shall be as soon as practic able, but at least one (1) day
236236 after service of notice as provided by Section 1175.2 of this title.
237237 B. The court shall hold a hearing on the date provided. At the
238238 hearing, the court shall examine the application for determination
239239 of competency to determi ne if it alleges facts sufficient to ra ise a
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291291 doubt as to the competency of the person. Any additional evidence
292292 tending to create a doubt as to the competency of the person may be
293293 presented at this hearing.
294294 C. If the court finds there is no doubt as to th e competency of
295295 the person, it shall or der the criminal proceedings to resume.
296296 D. 1. a. If the court finds there is a doubt as to the
297297 competency of the person, it shall order the person to
298298 be examined by the Department of Mental Health and
299299 Substance Abuse Services or by a qualified forensic
300300 examiner designated by the Department to perform
301301 competency examinations.
302302 b. In addition, the Developmental Disabilities Services
303303 Division and the Office of Public Guardian of the
304304 Department of Human Services shall recei ve written
305305 notice from the district att orney who filed the
306306 criminal petition, and be authorized by order of the
307307 court to have a psychologist or other appropriate
308308 clinician participate with professionals assigned by
309309 any other public or private agency in any competency
310310 evaluation wherein where developmental or intellectual
311311 disability may be involved. The psychologist or
312312 clinician employed, by contract or otherwise, by the
313313 Department of Human Services may issue a separate
314314 opinion and recommendation to the cou rt. In such
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366366 cases where intellectual disability may be involved,
367367 the Office of Public Guardian shall have standing to
368368 participate in any stage of the proceedings as deemed
369369 necessary by the Office.
370370 2. The person shall be examined by a qualified foren sic
371371 examiner on an outpatient basis prior to referral for any necessary
372372 inpatient evaluation, as ordered by the court. The outpa tient
373373 examination may be conducted in the community, the jail or detention
374374 facility where the person is held.
375375 3. If the court determines that the person whose competency is
376376 in question may be dangerous as defined in Section 1175.1 of this
377377 title, it shall order the person retained in a secure facility until
378378 the completion of the competency hearing provided in Section 1175.4
379379 of this title. If the court determines the person may be dangerous
380380 as defined in Section 1175.1 of this title because the individual i s
381381 a person requiring treatment as defined in Section 1 -103 of Title
382382 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes, it may commit the person to t he
383383 custody of the Department of Mental Healt h and Substance Abuse
384384 Services or any other state agency or private facility for the
385385 examination required by this subsection. The person shall be
386386 required to undergo examination for a period of time sufficient f or
387387 the qualified forensic examiner(s) examiner or examiners to reach a
388388 conclusion as to competency, and the court shall impose a reasonable
389389 time limitation for such period of examination.
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441441 E. The qualified forensic examiner(s) examiner or examiners
442442 shall receive instructions that they shall examine the patient to
443443 determine:
444444 1. If the person is able to appreciate the nature of the
445445 charges made against such person;
446446 2. If the person is able to consult with the lawyer and
447447 rationally assist in the preparation of th e defense of such person;
448448 3. If the person is unable to appreciate the nature of the
449449 charges or to consult and rationally a ssist in the preparation of
450450 the defense, whether the person can attain competency within a
451451 reasonable period of time as defined in S ection 1175.1 of this title
452452 if provided with a course of treatment, therapy or training;
453453 4. If the person is a person requi ring treatment as defined by
454454 Section 1-103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes;
455455 5. If the person is incompetent because the perso n is
456456 intellectually disabled as defined in Section 1408 of Title 10 of
457457 the Oklahoma Statutes;
458458 6. If the answers to questions requirements of paragraphs 4 and
459459 5 of this subsection are no not established, why the reasoning for
460460 which the defendant is otherwise incompetent; and
461461 7. If the person were released, whether such person would
462462 presently be dangerous as defined in Section 1175.1 of this title.
463463 F. Upon completion of the competency evaluation, the Department
464464 of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services or qualified forensic
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516516 examiner designated by the Department to perform competency
517517 examinations shall notify the court of it s findings. If the person
518518 is in the custody of the Department of Mental Health and Substance
519519 Abuse Services, the person shall be re turned to the court in the
520520 customary manner within five (5) business days. If the person is
521521 not returned within that time, the county in which the proceedings
522522 are to be held shall pay the costs of maintaining the person at the
523523 institution or facility for the period of time the person remains a t
524524 the institution or facility in excess of the five -day period.
525525 SECTION 3. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Section 1175.4, is
526526 amended to read as follows:
527527 Section 1175.4. A. A hearing to determine the competency of
528528 the person whose comp etency is in question shall be held within
529529 thirty (30) days after the qualified forensic examiner(s) examiner
530530 or examiners have made the determination required in Section 1175.3
531531 of this title. In such cases where intellectual disability may be
532532 involved, the Office of Public Guardian shall have standing to
533533 participate in any stage of the proceedings as deemed necessary by
534534 the Office.
535535 B. The court, at the hearing, shall determine by a
536536 preponderance of the evidence if t he person is incompetent. Such
537537 determination shall include consideration of all reports prepar ed by
538538 the qualified forensic examiner(s) examiner or examiners ; provided,
539539 however, in any case where intellec tual disability may be involved,
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591591 the court shall be limited to the diagnoses, opinions, and
592592 recommendations of examiners set forth in subparagraph b of
593593 paragraph 1 of subsection D of Section 1175.3 of this title. The
594594 person shall be presumed to be competent for the purposes of the
595595 allocation of the burden of proof and burden of going forward wi th
596596 the evidence. If the court deem s it necessary, or if the person
597597 alleged to be a person requiring treatment, or any relative, friend,
598598 or any person with whom he may reside, or at whose house the person
599599 may be, shall so demand, the court shall schedule t he hearing on the
600600 application as a jury trial to be held within seventy-two (72) hours
601601 of the request, excluding weekends and legal holidays, or within as
602602 much additional time as is requested by the attorney of the pe rson
603603 whose competency is in question, u pon good cause shown. The jury
604604 shall be composed of six (6) persons having the qualifications
605605 required of jurors in courts of record, summoned to determine the
606606 questions of the person ’s competency and need for treatm ent.
607607 Whenever a jury is required, the court shall proceed to the
608608 selection of such jury in the manner as provided by law and such
609609 jury shall determine the questions of the competency and need for
610610 treatment of the person whose competency is in question. T he jurors
611611 shall receive fees for attend ance and mileage as are allowed by law.
612612 C. The person whose competency is in question shall have the
613613 right to be present at the hearing on the petition unless it is made
614614 to appear to the court that the presence of th e person makes it
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666666 impossible to conduct the hearing in a reasonable manner . The court
667667 may not decide in advance of the hearing, solely on the basis of the
668668 certificate of the examining doctor or doctors, that the person
669669 whose competency is in question shou ld not be allowed to appear. It
670670 shall be made to appear to the court base d on clear and convin cing
671671 evidence that alternatives to exclusion were attempted before the
672672 court renders the person ’s removal for that purpose or the person ’s
673673 appearance at such hea ring improper and unsafe.
674674 D. All witnesses shall be subject to cross-examination in the
675675 same manner as is provided by law. If so stipulated by counsel for
676676 a person whose competency is in question, the district attorney and
677677 the court, testimony may be giv en by telephone or other electronic
678678 transmitting device approved by the co urt. No statement, a dmission
679679 or confession made by the person whose competency is in question
680680 obtained during the examination for competency may be used for any
681681 purpose except for p roceedings under this act Section 1175.1 et seq.
682682 of this title. No such statement, admission or confession may be
683683 used against such person in any criminal action whether pending at
684684 the time the hearing is held or filed against such person at any
685685 later time, directly, indirectly or in any manner or form.
686686 E. If the question of com petency is submitted to a jury, the
687687 court shall instruct the jury as to the law regarding competency,
688688 and the findings they are to make. If the trial of the question is
689689 to the court, the court shall make the required findings.
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741741 SECTION 4. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Section 1175.6b, is
742742 amended to read as follows:
743743 Section 1175.6b. A. If the person is found to be incompetent
744744 primarily because the person is int ellectually disabled as defined
745745 in Section 1408 of Title 10 of the Oklahoma Statutes, and is also
746746 found by the court to be dangerous as defined by Section 1175.1 of
747747 this title, the court shall suspend the criminal proceedings , and
748748 shall place the person into the custody of the Office of Public
749749 Guardian. The Office of Public Guard ian shall act with all powers
750750 set forth in the Oklahoma Public Guardianship Act, and:
751751 1. The Office of Public Guardian shall place any person placed
752752 in its custody under this titl e in a facility or residential
753753 setting, private or public, willing to accept the individual and
754754 that has a level of supervision and security that is appropriate to
755755 the needs of the person;
756756 2. Such placements shall be within the sole discretion of the
757757 Office of Public Guardian;
758758 3. All such placement s made by the Office of Public Guardian
759759 shall be made within six (6) months of the date of the order
760760 awarding custody to the Office of Public Guardian;
761761 4. The Office of Public Guardian shall report to the court at
762762 least every six (6) months as to the stat us of the person including,
763763 but not limited to, the type of placement, services provided, level
764764 of supervision, the medical and psychological health of the person,
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816816 whether the person would be dangerous if condit ionally released into
817817 a nonsecure environment , the assistance and services t hat would be
818818 required for such conditional release and whether the person has
819819 achieved competency;
820820 5. If the person is determined by the Office of Public Guardian
821821 to have regained competency or that conditional release to a private
822822 guardian or other caret aker is appropriate, a hearing shall be
823823 scheduled within twenty (20) days. If found competent by the court
824824 or a jury after such rehearing, criminal proceedings shall be
825825 resumed. If the court finds conditional release to be appropriate,
826826 the court shall make an appropriate order for conditional release;
827827 and
828828 6. The provisions of subsections C, H and I of Section 6 -101 of
829829 Title 30 of the Oklahoma Statutes shall not apply to custody o rders
830830 arising under this title.
831831 B. If the person is found to be incompetent for reasons other
832832 than the person is a person requiring treatment as defined by
833833 Section 1-103 of Title 43A of the Oklahoma Statutes and is found to
834834 be not dangerous as defined by Section 1175.1 of this title, the
835835 court shall suspend the criminal proceedin gs and either refer the
836836 person to the Department of Human Services for consideration of
837837 voluntary assistance or conditionally release the person as set
838838 forth in this section.
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890890 1. For any person recommended for conditional rel ease, a
891891 written plan for servic es shall be prepared by the Department of
892892 Human Services and filed with the court. In its order of
893893 conditional release, the court shall specify the conditions of
894894 release and shall direct the appropriate agencies or persons t o
895895 submit annual reports regardi ng the person’s compliance with the
896896 conditions of release and progress:
897897 a. to be eligible for conditional release, the person
898898 shall agree, in writing, that during the period the
899899 person is granted conditional release and is su bject
900900 to the provisions thereof , there shall be free
901901 transmission of all pertinent information, including
902902 clinical information regarding the person, among the
903903 person’s treatment providers, the appropriate distri ct
904904 attorneys, law enforcement and court perso nnel. To
905905 effect this agreement , the person shall execute any
906906 releases required by law to allow for the
907907 dissemination of this information,
908908 b. the court’s order placing the person on conditional
909909 release shall include notice that the person’s
910910 conditional release may be revoked upon good c ause,
911911 c. the district attorney, as well as any agency or
912912 individual involved in providing services with regard
913913 to the person’s conditional release, may prepare and
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965965 file an affidavit under oath if the district attorney,
966966 agency, or individual believes that t he person has
967967 failed to comply with the conditions of release. The
968968 court shall then conduct a hearing to determine if the
969969 person has violated the conditions of release. Notice
970970 of the hearing shall be issued, at least twenty -four
971971 (24) hours before the hea ring, to the Department of
972972 Human Services, the person, trial counsel for the
973973 person, and the client advocate general of the
974974 Department of Human Services. After reviewing the
975975 evidence concerning any alleged violation of the
976976 conditions of the release, the p erson’s progress,
977977 treatment alternatives, and the need for public
978978 safety, the court may order no change to the
979979 conditions for the person ’s release or modify the
980980 conditions of release, and
981981 d. the person placed on conditional r elease shall remain
982982 in a conditional release status until the reviewing
983983 court issues a full release from all conditions.
984984 2. If the person is determined by the Department of Human
985985 Services to have regained compe tency, a hearing shall be scheduled
986986 within twenty (20) days:
987987 a. if found competent by the court or a jury after such
988988 rehearing, criminal proceedings shall be resumed,
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10401040 b. if the person is found to continue to be incompetent,
10411041 the person shall be returned to either conditional
10421042 release or referred to the Department of Human
10431043 Services for consideration of voluntary assistance.
10441044 C. The Office of Public Guardian shall have standing to
10451045 participate in any proceeding held pursuant to this sec tion as
10461046 deemed necessary by the Office.
10471047 SECTION 5. This act shall become effective No vember 1, 2023.
10481048
10491049 59-1-1521 TEK 1/18/2023 6:49:47 PM