OK
Oklahoma Senate Bill SB822

Oklahoma 2023 Regular Session

Oklahoma Senate Bill SB822 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.
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5353 STATE OF OKLAHOMA
5454
5555 1st Session of the 59th Legislature (2023)
5656
5757 SENATE BILL 822 By: Daniels
5858
5959
6060
6161 AS INTRODUCED
6262
6363 An Act relating to students; creating the Oklahoma
6464 Education Freedom Act; providing short title;
6565 providing legislative intent; defining terms;
6666 creating the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account
6767 Program; providing for administration; providi ng
6868 method of application; providing for parent
6969 agreement; prohibiting certain discrimination;
7070 providing certain construction; requiring renewal of
7171 Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts on annual basis;
7272 allowing closure of accounts under certain
7373 circumstances; requiring no tification within certain
7474 time period of certain student enrolling in certain
7575 school; providing for suspension of deposits into
7676 account; providing for remittance of unused funds;
7777 providing for calculation of State Aid amount;
7878 requiring transfer of certa in calculated amount on a
7979 monthly basis; prohibiting certain provider from
8080 sharing, refunding, or rebating an amount with a
8181 parent or certain stud ent; prohibiting personal
8282 deposits into certain account; prohibiting certain
8383 funds from being considered incom e; providing for
8484 accrual of account funds; requi ring certain agency to
8585 maintain list of certain providers; requiring certain
8686 agency to provide certain information to certain
8787 parents; requiring notice to be provided to parents
8888 of certain children; allowing certain agency to
8989 contract with certain firm or organization; allowing
9090 withholding of certain p ercentage of funds to
9191 administer program; requiring the establishment of
9292 certain payment system; requiring implementation of
9393 certain system to share information about education
9494 service providers; providing for partial payment to
9595 an education service provid er; authorizing certain
9696 auditing; providing for the removal of certain parent
9797 or student from eligibility under certain
9898 circumstances; allowing referral for certain
9999 investigation; providing for appeal; allowing for
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151151 payments to cease to certain providers un der certain
152152 circumstances; providing for appeal; al lowing
153153 acceptance of gifts and grants for certain purposes;
154154 providing for promulgation of rules; providing
155155 process for approving education service providers;
156156 directing provision of certain student records in
157157 accordance with certain act; providing certain
158158 construction; directing certain decrease in state
159159 funding upon certain finding of noncompliance;
160160 creating cause of action for certain noncompliance;
161161 creating the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account
162162 Revolving Fund; specifying sour ces of fund; providing
163163 for expenditures; providing purpose of fund;
164164 providing for establishment of burden in certain
165165 legal proceeding; providing immunity from liability
166166 for certain actions; allowing certain parents to
167167 intervene in certain legal proceeding; providing for
168168 severability; providing legislative intent to
169169 increase certain appropriated amount; providing for
170170 codification; providing for noncodification;
171171 providing an effective date; and declaring an
172172 emergency.
173173
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176176
177177 BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA:
178178 SECTION 1. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codi fied
179179 in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-100 of Title 70, unless there
180180 is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
181181 A. This act shall be known and may be cited as the “Oklahoma
182182 Education Freedom Act ”.
183183 B. It is the intent of the Legislature that parents, legal
184184 guardians, and others with legal authority over children in this
185185 state be able to access educational services that meet the needs of
186186 their individual children by dir ecting State Aid for which each
187187 child is eligible to the education provider of their cho ice. The
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239239 Legislature affirms that parents and legal guardia ns are best suited
240240 to make decisions to help children in this state reach their full
241241 potential and achieve a brighter future.
242242 SECTION 2. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
243243 in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-101 of Title 70, unless there
244244 is created a duplication in numb ering, reads as follows:
245245 A. As used in the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act:
246246 1. “Agency” means the Office of the Stat e Treasurer;
247247 2. “Curriculum” means a complete course of study for a
248248 particular content area or grade level;
249249 3. “Oklahoma Education Freedom Account” means the account in
250250 which funds are deposited by the Agency to pay for qualifying
251251 education expenses for an eligible student;
252252 4. “Education service provider” means a person, business,
253253 public school district, public charter school, magnet school,
254254 institution within The Oklahoma State System of Higher Education, or
255255 organization that receives payments from a parent directing an
256256 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account to provide educational goods
257257 and/or services to Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students;
258258 5. “Eligible student” means a resident of this sta te who is
259259 eligible to enroll in a public school in th is state;
260260 6. “Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student” means an
261261 eligible student approved to participate in the Oklahoma Education
262262 Freedom Account Program;
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314314 7. “Parent” means a biological or adoptive parent, legal
315315 guardian, custodian, or o ther person with legal authority to act on
316316 behalf of an eligible student; and
317317 8. “Qualified expense” means the following services provided by
318318 an education service provider:
319319 a. tuition and/or fees at a private school accredited or
320320 in the process of obtaining accreditation from the
321321 State Board of Education or another accrediting
322322 association approved by the State Board of Education,
323323 b. tuition and/or fees for non-public online learning
324324 programs,
325325 c. tutoring services pro vided by an individual or a
326326 tutoring facility,
327327 d. services contracted for and provid ed by a public
328328 school district, public charter schoo l, or magnet
329329 school including but not limited to classes and
330330 extracurricular activities and pr ograms,
331331 e. textbooks, curriculum, or other instructional
332332 materials including but not limited to supplemental
333333 materials or associated online instruction required by
334334 an education service provider,
335335 f. computer hardware or other tec hnological devices,
336336 educational software, and applications that are used
337337 to meet an eligible student’s curriculum needs,
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389389 g. tuition and/or fees for a curricul um or program, along
390390 with related instruments, supplies, accessories, and
391391 materials, that provides instruction in drama, music,
392392 speech and debate, agriculture, or other similar
393393 activities,
394394 h. school uniforms,
395395 i. fees for nationally standardized assessments including
396396 but not limited to assessments used to determine
397397 college admission and advanced placement examinations
398398 as well as tuition and/or fees for tutoring or
399399 preparatory courses for the assessments,
400400 j. tuition and/or fees for summer education programs a nd
401401 specialized after-school education programs; provided,
402402 however, that such expense does not include before-
403403 school or after-school child care,
404404 k. tuition, fees, instructional materials, and assessment
405405 fees for a curriculum or program offered by a
406406 technology center school,
407407 l. educational services and therapies including but not
408408 limited to occupational, be havioral, physical, speech-
409409 language, and audiology therapies,
410410 m. tuition and fees for concurrent enrollment at an
411411 institution within The Oklahoma State System of Higher
412412 Education,
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464464 n. fees for transportation pa id to a fee-for-service
465465 provider for the studen t to travel to and from an
466466 education service provid er, or
467467 o. any other qualified expense approved by the Agency.
468468 B. There is hereby created the Oklahoma Education Freedom
469469 Account Program to be administered by the Agency to provide an
470470 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account for qualified expenses to support
471471 the education of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students in this
472472 state.
473473 C. 1. To apply for an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account, a
474474 parent of an eligible s tudent shall submit an application to the
475475 Agency on a form prescribed by the Agency and published on its
476476 website. The application may be submitted online or by mail.
477477 2. The Agency shall establish procedures to approve
478478 applications within ten (10 ) business days after receipt. There
479479 shall be no deadline for submission of applications. Applications
480480 shall be approved if the parent signs an agreement to do all of the
481481 following:
482482 a. use the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account only for
483483 qualified expenses to prov ide an education for an
484484 eligible student in at least the subjects of reading,
485485 English language art s, mathematics, science, and
486486 social studies,
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538538 b. not enroll the eligible student as a full-time student
539539 in a public school district, public charter school, or
540540 magnet school after acceptance of an Oklahoma
541541 Education Freedom Account,
542542 c. comply with rules and requirements of the Oklahoma
543543 Education Freedom Account Program established by the
544544 Agency, and
545545 d. not accept a scholarship from the Lindsey Nico le Henry
546546 Scholarships for Students with Disabilities Program
547547 created by Section 13-101.2 of Title 70 of the
548548 Oklahoma Statutes while participating in the Oklahoma
549549 Education Freedom Account Program.
550550 3. No student shall, on the ground s of race, color, or national
551551 origin, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits
552552 of, or be subjected to discrimination und er this program.
553553 D. Nothing in this act shall be con strued to require that an
554554 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student be enrolled full time or
555555 part time in a private school or a nonpublic online school.
556556 E. The Agency shall renew Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts
557557 on an annual basis. An account may be closed if:
558558 1. The parent of an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student
559559 enrolls the student as a fu ll-time student in a public school, as
560560 provided for by subsection F of this section;
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612612 2. The Agency closes the account due to intentional misuse as
613613 provided for in Section 3 of this act; or
614614 3. The Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student graduates
615615 from high school or reaches the age of twenty-one (21), whichever
616616 comes first.
617617 F. The parent of an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student
618618 shall notify the Agency within five (5) days of the student
619619 enrolling in a public school district, public ch arter school, or
620620 magnet school. Upon receipt of the notific ation required by this
621621 subsection, the Agency shall suspend deposits into the student’s
622622 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account. Any unused funds remaining in
623623 the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account at the end of the applicable
624624 calendar year shall be remitted to the General Revenue Fund.
625625 G. 1. For each eligible student approved to participate in the
626626 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program, the A gency shall notify
627627 the State Department of Education and request calculation of the
628628 amount of State Aid for which the student is eligible. Within ten
629629 (10) business days of receiving the request, the State Dep artment of
630630 Education shall notify the Agency of the calculated amoun t, which
631631 shall be equivalent to the total State Aid factors including pupil
632632 category weights for the applicable school year multiplied by the
633633 grade weight generated by the student for the applicable school
634634 year.
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686686 2. The State Department of Educatio n on a monthly basis shall
687687 transfer to the Agency for deposit into the Oklahoma Education
688688 Freedom Account Revolving Fund created pursuant to Section 5 of this
689689 act an amount equal to one-twelfth (1/12) of the total amount
690690 necessary to fund all Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts requested
691691 for the applicable school year. Within ten (10) business days of a
692692 deposit required by this paragraph, the Agency shall make funds
693693 available in Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts.
694694 3. Prior to the monthly deposit required by this sub section,
695695 the Agency shall notify the State Department of Education if changes
696696 to the number of participating Oklahoma Education Freedom Acco unt
697697 students will result in a modification of the monthly deposit
698698 amount.
699699 H. An education service provider shall not share, refund, or
700700 rebate any amount of an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account with the
701701 parent or the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student. A refund
702702 or rebate for goods or services purchased with an Oklahoma Education
703703 Freedom Account shall be credited to the Oklahoma Education Freedom
704704 Account.
705705 I. Parents shall be prohibited from making personal deposits
706706 into an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account. However, no parent
707707 shall be restricted from making payments for educational goo ds and
708708 services not covered by funds in a stu dent’s Oklahoma Education
709709 Freedom Account.
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761761 J. Monies received pursuant to the Oklahoma Education Freedom
762762 Account Program shall not constitute taxable income to the parent or
763763 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student.
764764 K. Funds deposited into an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account
765765 but unused shall accrue from month to month and from year to year
766766 unless the account is closed pursuant to the provision s of
767767 subsection E of this section.
768768 SECTION 3. NEW LAW A new section of law to be c odified
769769 in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-102 of Title 70, unless there
770770 is created a duplication in numb ering, reads as follows:
771771 A. To implement the provisions of the Oklahoma Education
772772 Freedom Act, the Agency shall maintain and make publicly available
773773 on its website an updated list of education service providers.
774774 B. The Agency shall provide parents of Oklahoma Education
775775 Freedom Account students a written explanation of qual ified expenses
776776 for which an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account may be used, the
777777 responsibilities of parents, the duties of the Agency , and the role
778778 of any private financial management firm or other pr ivate
779779 organization with which the Agency may contract to admin ister the
780780 Oklahoma Education Freedom Act.
781781 C. The Agency shall provide parents of Oklahoma Education
782782 Freedom Account students with disabilities notice that participation
783783 in the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program shall have the
784784 same effect as a parental revocation of consent pursuant to 20
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836836 U.S.C., Sections 1414(a)(1)(D) an d 1414(C) of the Individuals with
837837 Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and an explanation of the rights
838838 parents of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students with
839839 disabilities have under IDEA and any applicable state laws and
840840 regulations.
841841 D. The Agency may contract with a private financial management
842842 firm or other private organization to administer in full or in part
843843 the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program.
844844 E. The Agency may withhold funding from deposits made pursuant
845845 to subsection G of S ection 2 of this act to administer the Oklahoma
846846 Education Freedom Account Program in an amount not to exceed five
847847 percent (5%) annually for the first two years after the effective
848848 date of this act and three percent (3 %) annually thereafter.
849849 F. The Agency shall establish a commercially viable, cost-
850850 effective, and parent -friendly system of payment for services from
851851 Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts to education service providers
852852 by electronic or onlin e funds transfer.
853853 1. The system of payment established pursuant to this
854854 subsection shall provide maximum flexibility for parents by
855855 facilitating direct payments to education service providers whenever
856856 possible, provide a parent -friendly system for requests f or pre-
857857 approval of qualified exp enses, and timely reimbursement for
858858 qualified expenses.
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910910 2. The Agency may contract with private entities to develop the
911911 payment system.
912912 G. The Agency shall implement a commercially viable, cost -
913913 effective, and parent -friendly system for parents to pub licly rate,
914914 review, and share information about education service providers.
915915 H. If an education serv ice provider requires par tial payment of
916916 tuition or fees to reserve a place for an Oklahoma Education Freedom
917917 Account student prior to the start of the sc hool year, the partial
918918 payment may be paid by the Agency prior to the start of the school
919919 year in which the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account is opened and
920920 may be deducted in equal amounts from month ly deposits into Oklahoma
921921 Education Freedom Accounts. If the parent of an Oklahoma Education
922922 Freedom Account student chooses not to use the education service
923923 provider, the partial reservation payment shall be re mitted to the
924924 Agency within fifteen (15 ) business days of notification of the
925925 decision and credited to the student’s Oklahoma Education Freedom
926926 Account.
927927 I. The Agency shall have the authority to conduct an audit or
928928 contract for the auditing of Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts and
929929 shall conduct random audits of ten percent (10%) of Oklahoma
930930 Education Freedom Accounts on an annual basis.
931931 J. The Agency shall have the authority to remove any parent or
932932 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student from eligibility for an
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984984 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account in the event of intentional and
985985 substantial misuse of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account funds.
986986 1. The Agency shall create procedures to ensure a fair process
987987 to determine whether an inte ntional and substantial misuse of
988988 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account funds has occurred. If misuse by
989989 a parent is established but the Oklahoma Education Free dom Account
990990 student is determined to be free from personal misconduc t, he or she
991991 shall be eligible for an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account in the
992992 future if placed with a different parent, guardian, or other person
993993 with legal authority to act on behalf of the student.
994994 2. The Agency shall have the authority to refer suspe cted cases
995995 of intentional and substa ntial misuse of Oklahoma Education Freedom
996996 Account funds to the A ttorney General for investigation if evidence
997997 of fraudulent use of funds is obtained.
998998 3. A parent or Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student may,
999999 pursuant to the Administrative Procedure s Act, appeal the Agency’s
10001000 decision to remove the parent or student from eligibility for an
10011001 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account.
10021002 K. The Agency may cease payments to an education service
10031003 provider from Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts if the Agency
10041004 determines the education service provider has:
10051005 1. Intentionally an d substantially misreprese nted information
10061006 or failed to refund any overp ayments in a timely manner; or
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10581058 2. Routinely failed to provide Oklahoma Education Freedo m
10591059 Account students with promised educational goods or services.
10601060 L. The Agency shall create procedures to ensure a fair process
10611061 to determine whether an education service provider should be
10621062 prohibited from receiving payments from Oklahoma Education Freedom
10631063 Accounts.
10641064 1. If the Agency prohibits an education service provider from
10651065 receiving payments pursuant to this subsection, the Agency shall
10661066 notify parents and Oklahoma Education Freedom Acco unt students of
10671067 its decision within ten (10) days .
10681068 2. Education service providers may, pursuant to the
10691069 Administrative Procedures Act, appeal the Agency’s decision to
10701070 prohibit them from receiving Oklahoma Education Freedom Account
10711071 payments.
10721072 M. The Agency may accept gifts and grants from any source to
10731073 support administration of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account
10741074 Program, to inform the public about the Oklahoma Education Freedom
10751075 Account Program, and to fund additional Oklahoma Education Freedom
10761076 Accounts.
10771077 N. The Agency may promulgate rules to implement the provisions
10781078 of this act, which shall include but not be limited to:
10791079 1. Establishing or contracting for the establishment of an
10801080 online anonymous fraud reporting service;
10811081
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11321132 2. Establishing an anon ymous telephone hotline for fraud
11331133 reporting;
11341134 3. Requiring a surety bond for e ducation service providers
11351135 receiving more than One Hundred Thousand Dollars ($100,000.00) in
11361136 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account funds; and
11371137 4. Refunding payments from education service providers back to
11381138 Oklahoma Education Freedom Accounts.
11391139 SECTION 4. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
11401140 in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-103 of Title 70, unless there
11411141 is created a duplication in numb ering, reads as follows:
11421142 A. The Agency may approve education service providers on its
11431143 own initiative, at the request of parents, or at the request of a
11441144 prospective education service provider.
11451145 B. A prospective education servi ce provider seeking to
11461146 participate in the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program shall:
11471147 1. Submit notice to the Agency that it wishes to participate
11481148 and receive Oklahoma Education Freedom Account funds designated by
11491149 parents for payment of educational goods and services ; and
11501150 2. Agree not to refund, rebate, or share Oklahoma Education
11511151 Freedom Account funds with parents or Oklahoma Education F reedom
11521152 Account students in any manner, except that funds may be remitted or
11531153 refunded to an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account.
11541154 C. A public school district, public charter school, or magnet
11551155 school in which an Oklahoma Education Fre edom Account student was
11561156
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12071207 enrolled shall provide a private school that is an education servi ce
12081208 provider and that has an Oklahoma Education Freedom Account student
12091209 enrolled with a complete copy of the student’s records within five
12101210 (5) business days of receiving the request for records . The
12111211 provision of records pursuant to this subsection shall be in
12121212 accordance with the provisions of the F amily Educational Rights and
12131213 Privacy Act of 1974 (FERPA).
12141214 D. Nothing in this act shall limit the independence or autonomy
12151215 of an education service provider or make the actions of an education
12161216 service provider the actions of state government. Education service
12171217 providers shall be given maximum freedom to provide for the
12181218 educational needs of Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students
12191219 without governmental control.
12201220 1. An education service provider that accepts payment from an
12211221 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account as directed by parents pursuant
12221222 to this act shall not be considered an agent of the state or federal
12231223 government.
12241224 2. An education service provider shall not be required to alter
12251225 its creed, practices, admissions policy , or curriculum to accept
12261226 payments as directed by paren ts from an Oklahoma Education Freedom
12271227 Account.
12281228 E. Nothing in this act shall be construed to expand th e
12291229 regulatory authority of the state, its officers, or any public
12301230 school to impose any additional regulation of education service
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12821282 providers beyond those necessary to en force the requirements of the
12831283 Oklahoma Education Freedom Account Program.
12841284 F. Upon a judicial finding of noncompliance with the provisions
12851285 of subsections D and E of this section, the Agency shall receive a
12861286 five percent (5%) decrease in state funding for the fiscal year
12871287 following the year of noncompliance.
12881288 G. A parent or legal guardian of a n Oklahoma Education Freedom
12891289 Account student shall have a cause of action against the Agency for
12901290 noncompliance with the provisions of subsections D and E of this
12911291 section.
12921292 SECTION 5. NEW LAW A new secti on of law to be codified
12931293 in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-104 of Title 70, unless there
12941294 is created a duplication in numb ering, reads as follows:
12951295 There is hereby created in the State Treasury a revolving fund
12961296 for the Office of the State Treasurer to be designated the “Oklahoma
12971297 Education Freedom Account Revolving Fund”. The fund shall be a
12981298 continuing fund, not subject to fiscal year limitations, and shall
12991299 consist of all monies received by the Office of the State Treasurer
13001300 from appropriations, gifts, grants, donations, and bequests . All
13011301 monies accruing to the credit of the fund are hereby appropriated
13021302 and may be budgeted and expended by the Office of the State
13031303 Treasurer for the purpose of implementing the provisions of the
13041304 Oklahoma Education Freedom Act . Expenditures from the fund shall be
13051305 made upon warrants issued by the State Treasurer aga inst claims
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13571357 filed as prescribed by law with th e Director of the Office of
13581358 Management and Enterprise Services for approval and payment.
13591359 SECTION 6. NEW LAW A new section of law to be codified
13601360 in the Oklahoma Statutes as Section 28-105 of Title 70, unless there
13611361 is created a duplication in numbering, reads as follows:
13621362 A. In any legal proceeding challenging the application of the
13631363 Oklahoma Education Freedom Act to an education service provider, the
13641364 state shall bear the burden of establish ing both that its action is
13651365 necessary and that it does not impose any undue burden on the
13661366 education service provider.
13671367 B. No liability shall arise on the part of the Agen cy, the
13681368 state, a public school district, a public charter scho ol, or a
13691369 magnet school based on the award of or use of an Oklahoma Education
13701370 Freedom Account pursuant to this act.
13711371 C. If any part of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act is
13721372 challenged in a state court as vio lating either the state or federal
13731373 constitutions, parents of e ligible students and Oklahoma Education
13741374 Freedom Account students shall be permitted to intervene for the
13751375 purposes of defending the Oklahoma Education Freedom Account
13761376 Program’s constitutionality. However, for the purposes of judicial
13771377 administration, a court may requir e that all parents of eligible
13781378 students and Oklahoma Education Freedom Account students file a
13791379 joint brief so long as they are not require d to join any brief filed
13801380 on behalf of any named state defendant.
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14321432 D. The provisions of the Oklahoma Education Freedom Act shall
14331433 be severable, and if any provision of the Oklahoma Education Freedom
14341434 Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstances is
14351435 held invalid, such invalidity shall not affe ct the other provisions
14361436 or applications of this act, which can be given effect without the
14371437 invalid provision or a pplication.
14381438 SECTION 7. NEW LAW A new section of law not to be
14391439 codified in the Oklahoma Statutes reads as follows:
14401440 It is the intent of t he Legislature to increase the amount
14411441 appropriated to the State Board of Education for the financ ial
14421442 support of public schools from the midyear adjusted level of Two
14431443 Billion Four Hundred T wenty-five Million Two Hundred Fifty -six
14441444 Thousand Five Hundred Ninet y-eight Dollars ($2,425,256,598.00) for
14451445 the fiscal year ending June 30, 2023, to Two Billion Seve n Hundred
14461446 Million Dollars ($2,700,000,000.00) for the fiscal year ending June
14471447 30, 2024, to accomplish the purposes of this act.
14481448 SECTION 8. This act shall become effective July 1, 2023.
14491449 SECTION 9. It being immediately neces sary for the preservation
14501450 of the public peace, health , or safety, an emergency is hereby
14511451 declared to exist, by reason whereof thi s act shall take effect and
14521452 be in full force from and after its passage and appro val.
14531453
14541454 59-1-57 EB 1/19/2023 8:41:39 AM