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53	53	STATE OF OKLAHOMA
54	54
55	55	1st Session of the 59th Legislature (2023)
56	56
57	57	SENATE BILL 831 By: Dahm
58	58
59	59
60	60
61	61
62	62
63	63	AS INTRODUCED
64	64
65	65	An Act relating to firearms; amending 21 O.S. 2 021,
66	66	Section 1289.25, which relates to th e Oklahoma
67	67	Firearms Act of 1971; updating stat utory reference;
68	68	clarifying immunity provi sion for persons asserting
69	69	claims of self-defense; authorizing defendants to
70	70	file motions to dismiss charges under certain
71	71	circumstances; granting defendants the right to file
72	72	interlocutory appeals after adverse rulings made by
73	73	the court; providing p arameters for appeal hearings;
74	74	directing judges to enter cer tain order at conclusion
75	75	of appeal hearings; providing burden -of-proof
76	76	standard when evidence of self -defense is provided in
77	77	criminal prosecutions; amending 22 O.S. 2021,
78	78	Sections 1053, as amended by Section 2, Chapter 209,
79	79	O.S.L. 2022 and 1089.1 (22 O.S. Supp. 2022, Section
80	80	1053), which relate to appeals taken by the state or
81	81	municipality; authorizing appeals by the state or
82	82	municipalities under certain circumstances ; granting
83	83	the state the right t o appeal adverse rulings and
84	84	orders; and providing an effective date.
85	85
86	86
87	87
88	88
89	89	BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA:
90	90	SECTION 1. AMENDATORY 21 O.S. 2021, Section 1289.25, is
91	91	amended to read as follows:
92	92	Section 1289.25.
93	93	PHYSICAL OR DEADLY FORCE AGAINST INTRUDER
94	94
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145	145	A. The Legislature hereby recognizes that the citizens of the
146	146	State of Oklahoma have a right to expect absolut e safety within
147	147	their own homes, places of business or places of worship and have
148	148	the right to establish policies regarding the possession of weapons
149	149	on property pursuant to the provisions of Section 1290.22 of this
150	150	title.
151	151	B. A person, regardless of official capacity or lack of
152	152	official capacity, wi thin a place of worship or a person, an owner,
153	153	manager or employee of a business is presumed to have held a
154	154	reasonable fear of imminent peril of death or great bodily harm t o
155	155	himself or herself or another when using defensiv e force that is
156	156	intended or likely to cause death or great bodily harm to another
157	157	if:
158	158	1. a. The person against whom the defensive force was used was
159	159	in the process of unlawfully and forcefully entering, or had
160	160	unlawfully and forcibly entered, a dwelling, residence, occupied
161	161	vehicle, place of business or place of worship, or if that person
162	162	had removed or was attempting to remove another against the will of
163	163	that person from the dwelling, residence, occupied v ehicle, place of
164	164	business or place of worship .;
165	165	b.
166	166	2. The person who uses defensive for ce knew or had reason to
167	167	believe that an unlawful and forcible entry or unlawful and forcible
168	168	act was occurring or had occurred; or
169	169
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220	220	2. 3. The person who uses defensive force knew or had a
221	221	reasonable belief that the pe rson against whom the defensive force
222	222	was used entered or was attempting to enter into a dwelling,
223	223	residence, occupied vehicle, place of business or place of worship
224	224	for the purpose of committing a forcible felony, as defined in
225	225	Section 733 of this title, and that the defensive force was
226	226	necessary to prevent the commission of the forcible felony.
227	227	C. The presumption set forth in subsection B of this section
228	228	does not apply if:
229	229	1. The person against whom the defensive force is used has the
230	230	right to be in or is a lawful resident of the dwelling, res idence,
231	231	or vehicle, such as an owner, lessee, or titleholder, and there is
232	232	not a protective order from domestic violence in effect or a writ ten
233	233	pretrial supervision order of no contact against that person;
234	234	2. The person or persons sought to be removed are children or
235	235	grandchildren, or are otherwise in the lawful custody or under the
236	236	lawful guardianship of, the person against whom the defensiv e force
237	237	is used; or
238	238	3. The person who uses defensive force is engaged in a n
239	239	unlawful activity or is using the dwell ing, residence, occupied
240	240	vehicle, place of business or place of worship to further an
241	241	unlawful activity.
242	242	D. A person who is not engaged in an unlawful activity and who
243	243	is attacked in any other place where he or she has a right to be,
244	244
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295	295	has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground
296	296	and meet force with force, including deadly force, if he or she
297	297	reasonably believes it is nece ssary to do so to prevent death or
298	298	great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the
299	299	commission of a forcible felony.
300	300	E. A person who unlawfully and by force enters or attempts to
301	301	enter the dwelling, residence, occupied vehicle of anoth er person,
302	302	place of business or place of worship is presumed to be doing s o
303	303	with the intent to commit an unlawful a ct involving force or
304	304	violence.
305	305	F. 1. A person who uses defensive force, as permitted pursuant
306	306	to the provisions of subsections A, B, D and E of this section, is
307	307	justified in using such defensive force and is immu ne from shall not
308	308	be subject to criminal prosecution and civil action for the use of
309	309	such defensive force , unless the force is determined to be unlawful .
310	310	2. At least ten (10) days prior to the preliminary hearing in a
311	311	case where the defendant has been cha rged and is subject to criminal
312	312	prosecution for the unlawful use of defensive force, the defendant
313	313	may file a motion to dismiss the charges based on a claim that under
314	314	the provisions of this section, the defendant is not subject to
315	315	criminal prosecution. If the court denies the motion to dismiss,
316	316	the defendant shall have the right to file an interlocutory appeal
317	317	on the ruling made by the court to the district court judge or
318	318	associate district court judge having jurisdiction over the case.
319	319
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370	370	3. The appeal hearing before the district court judge or
371	371	associate district court judge shall address whether the defensiv e
372	372	force used by the defendant was unla wful or justified and permitted
373	373	pursuant to the provisions of this section.
374	374	4. If, after the appeal hearing, the district court judge or
375	375	associate district court j udge concludes that the de fensive force
376	376	used was justified and permitted u nder the provisions of this
377	377	section, the judge shall enter a written order contai ning findings
378	378	of fact and conclusions of law that the defendant is not subject to
379	379	criminal prosecution and that criminal charges and proceedings shall
380	380	be dismissed and shall not be filed unless newly discovered evidence
381	381	or evidence not known to the prosecution at the time it is found or
382	382	discovered.
383	383	5. If, after the appeal hearing the district court judge or
384	384	associate district court judge concludes that the de fensive force
385	385	used was not justified and was thereby unlawful, the judge shall
386	386	enter an order binding the d efendant over for trial.
387	387	6. Once prima facie evidence of justified self-defense has been
388	388	raised by the defendant, the prosecution shall be required to prove
389	389	by clear and convincing evidence that the defens ive force used was
390	390	not justified and was thereby unlawful.
391	391	7. As used in this subsection, t he term “criminal prosecution ”
392	392	includes charging or prosecuting the defendant.
393	393
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444	444	G. A law enforcement agency may use standard procedures for
445	445	investigating the use of defensive force, but th e law enforcement
446	446	agency may not arrest the person for using defensi ve force unless it
447	447	determines that there is probabl e cause that the defensive force
448	448	that was used was unlawful.
449	449	H. The court shall award reasonable attorney fees, court costs,
450	450	compensation for loss of income, and all expenses incurred by the
451	451	defendant in defense of any civil action brought by a plaintiff if
452	452	the court finds that the defendant is immune from not subject to
453	453	prosecution as provided in subsection F of this section.
454	454	I. The provisions of this section and the provisions of the
455	455	Oklahoma Self-Defense Act shall not be construed to require any
456	456	person using a weapon pursuant to the provisions of this section to
457	457	be licensed in any manner.
458	458	J. A person pointing a weapon at a perpetrator in self-defense
459	459	or in order to thwart, stop or deter a forcible felo ny or attempted
460	460	forcible felony shall not be deemed guilty of committing a criminal
461	461	act.
462	462	K. As used in this section:
463	463	1. “Defensive force” includes, but shall not be limited to,
464	464	pointing a weapon at a perpetrator in self-defense or in order to
465	465	thwart, stop or deter a forcible felony or attempted forcible
466	466	felony;
467	467
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518	518	2. “Dwelling” means a building or conveyance of any kind,
519	519	including any attached porch, whether the building or conveyance is
520	520	temporary or permanent, mobile or immobile, which has a roof over
521	521	it, including a tent, and is designed to be occupied by people;
522	522	3. “Place of worship” means:
523	523	a. any permanent building, structure, facility or office
524	524	space owned, leased, rented or borrowed, on a full-
525	525	time basis, when used for worship services, activities
526	526	and business of the congregation, which may include,
527	527	but is not be limited to, churches, temples,
528	528	synagogues and mosques, and
529	529	b. any permanent building, structure, facility or office
530	530	space owned, leased, rented or borrowed for use on a
531	531	temporary basis, when u sed for worship services,
532	532	activities and business o f the congregation including,
533	533	which may include, but is not limited to, churches,
534	534	temples, synagogues and mosques;
535	535	4. “Residence” means a dwelling in which a person resides
536	536	either temporarily or permanent ly or is visiting as an invited
537	537	guest; and
538	538	5. “Vehicle” means a conveyance of any kind, whether or not
539	539	motorized, which is designed to transport people or property.
540	540
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591	591	SECTION 2. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Section 1053, as
592	592	amended by Section 2, Chapter 209, O.S.L. 2022 (22 O.S. Supp. 2022,
593	593	Section 1053), is amended to read as follows:
594	594	Section 1053. Appeals to the Court of Criminal Appeals may be
595	595	taken by the state or a municipality in the fo llowing cases only:
596	596	1. Upon judgment for the defendant on quashing or setting aside
597	597	an indictment or information;
598	598	2. Upon an order of the cou rt arresting the judgment;
599	599	3. Upon a question reserved by the state or a municipality;
600	600	4. Upon judgment for the defendant on a motion to quash for
601	601	insufficient evidence in a felony matter;
602	602	5. Upon a pretrial order, decision, or judgment suppressing or
603	603	excluding evidence where appell ate review of the issue would be in
604	604	the best interests of justice ;
605	605	6. Upon a pretrial order, decision or judgment suppressing or
606	606	excluding evidence in cases alleg ing violation of any provisions of
607	607	Section 13.1 of Title 21 of the Oklahoma Statutes ; and
608	608	7. Upon an order, decision or judgment finding that a defendant
609	609	is immune from or not subject to criminal prosecution; and
610	610	8. Upon a pretrial order, decision, or judgment finding th at a
611	611	defendant is not subject to criminal prosecution under the
612	612	provisions of Section 1289.25 of Title 21 of the Oklahoma Statutes .
613	613
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664	664	Priority shall be given to appeals taken pursuant to para graph
665	665	5, 6, or 7 of this section, and an order staying proceedings shall
666	666	be entered pending the outcome of the appeal.
667	667	SECTION 3. AMENDATORY 22 O.S. 2021, Section 1089.1, is
668	668	amended to read as follow s:
669	669	Section 1089.1. The State of Oklahoma, by and through the
670	670	district attorney or Attorney General, shall have the right to
671	671	appeal an adverse ru ling or order of a magistrate sustaining:
672	672	1. Sustaining a motion to suppress evi dence, quashing;
673	673	2. Quashing an information, sustaining;
674	674	3. Sustaining a plea to the jurisdiction of the court , failing;
675	675	4. Failing to find prosecutive merit in a hearing pursuant to
676	676	Section 2-2-403 of Title 10A of the Oklahoma Statutes , sustaining;
677	677	5. Sustaining a demurrer to the information , binding;
678	678	6. Binding the defendant over for trial on a charge other than
679	679	the charge for the original offense , or discharging;
680	680	7. Discharging a defendant at the preliminary examination
681	681	because of insufficiency of the evidence to establish either that a
682	682	crime has been committed or that there is probable cause to believe
683	683	that the accused has c ommitted a felony; or
684	684	8. Discharging a defendant on a finding that the de fendant is
685	685	not subject to criminal prosecution under the provisions of Section
686	686	1289.25 of Title 21 of the Oklahoma Statutes .
687	687
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738	738	Such an appeal shall be taken in accordance with the procedures
739	739	provided in this act.
740	740	SECTION 4. This act shall become effective No vember 1, 2023.
741	741
742	742	59-1-1064 JDP 1/19/2023 8:56:14 AM

Oklahoma 2023 Regular Session

Oklahoma Senate Bill SB831 Compare Versions