Oklahoma 2024 Regular Session

Oklahoma Senate Bill SB139 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.
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5353 STATE OF OKLAHOMA
5454
5555 1st Session of the 59th Legislature (2023)
5656
5757 SENATE BILL 139 By: Dahm
5858
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6363 AS INTRODUCED
6464
6565 An Act relating to schools; amending 70 O.S. 2021,
6666 Section 11-103.6, as last amended by Section 51,
6767 Chapter 228, O.S.L. 2022 (70 O.S. Supp. 2022, Section
6868 11-103.6), which relates to subject matter st andards;
6969 directing standards for history, social studies, and
7070 United States Government to include certain rea ding;
7171 requiring certain students to read certain texts;
7272 providing an effective date; and declaring an
7373 emergency.
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7979 BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA:
8080 SECTION 1. AMENDATORY 70 O.S. 2021, Section 11 -103.6, as
8181 last amended by Section 51, C hapter 228, O.S.L. 2022 (70 O.S. Supp.
8282 2022, Section 11-103.6), is amended to read as follows:
8383 Section 11-103.6. A. 1. The State Board of Education shall
8484 adopt subject matter standards for instruction o f students in the
8585 public schools of this state that are necessary to ensure there is
8686 attainment of desired levels of competencies in a variety of areas
8787 to include language, mathematics, science, social studies ,
8888 communication, and health and physical education.
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139139
140140 2. School districts shall develop and implement curriculum,
141141 courses, and instruction in order to ensure that students meet the
142142 skills and competencies as set forth in this section and in the
143143 subject matter standards adopted by the State Board of Educa tion.
144144 3. All students shall gain literacy at the elementary and
145145 secondary levels. Students shall de velop skills in reading,
146146 writing, speaking, computing, and critical thinking. For purposes
147147 of this section, critical thinking means a manner of analytical
148148 thinking which is logi cal and uses linear factual analysis to reach
149149 a conclusion. They shall learn about cultures and environments -
150150 their own and those of others with whom they share the earth. All
151151 students shall receive the inst ruction needed to lead h ealthy and
152152 physically active lifestyles. Students, therefore, shall study
153153 social studies, literatur e, languages, the arts, health,
154154 mathematics, and science. Such curricula shall provide for the
155155 teaching of a hands-on career exploration program in cooperat ion
156156 with technology center schools.
157157 4. The subject matter standards shall be designed to teach the
158158 competencies for which students shall be tested as provided in
159159 Section 1210.508 of this title, and shall be designed to prepare all
160160 students for active citi zenship, employment, and/or successful
161161 completion of postsecondary education without the need for r emedial
162162 coursework at the postsecondary level.
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214214 5. The subject matter standards shall be designed with rigor as
215215 defined in paragraph 3 of subsection G of this section.
216216 6. The subject matter standards for English Language Arts shall
217217 give Classic Literature and nonfiction literature equal
218218 consideration to other literature. In addition, emphasis shall be
219219 given to the study of complete works of literature.
220220 7. At a minimum, the subject matter standards for ma thematics
221221 shall require mastery of the standard alg orithms in mathematics,
222222 which is the most logical, efficient way of solving a problem that
223223 consistently works, and for students to attain fluency in Euclidian
224224 geometry.
225225 8. The subject matter standards for history, social studies,
226226 and United States Governm ent shall include study of important
227227 historical documents, including the United States Constitution
228228 including the Bill of Rights , Declaration of Independence,
229229 Emancipation Proclamation, Federalist Papers, the Anti-Federalist
230230 Papers, the Articles of Confederation, the Gettysbur g Address,
231231 George Washington’s Farewell Address, the 1777 version of the New
232232 England Primer, The Law by Frederic Bastiat, and other documents
233233 with significant history and heritage of the United States, and the
234234 content of the United States naturalization test, with an emphasis
235235 on the specific content of the test and the ideas and concepts it
236236 references. Beginning with the 2022-2023 school year, the United
237237 States naturalization test shall be administered in accordance with
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289289 subsection F of this section. Beginning with ninth graders in the
290290 2023-2024 school year, students enrolled in a public high school
291291 accredited by the State Board of Education shall be required to read
292292 the United States Constitution including the Bill of Rights each
293293 school year until the student graduates from high school. Beginning
294294 with ninth graders in the 2023-2024 school year, students enrolled
295295 in a public high school accredited by the Stat e Board of Education
296296 shall be required to read The Law by Frederic Bastiat and the 1777
297297 version of the New England Primer at least once during high school.
298298 9. The subject matter standards for United States Government
299299 shall include an emphasis on civics, t he structure and relationship
300300 between the national, state, county , and local governments and
301301 simulations of the democratic process. For the purposes of this
302302 section, “civics” means the study of the rights and duties of
303303 Oklahoma and United States citizens and of how those governments
304304 work.
305305 10. The subject matter standards for health and physical
306306 education shall include but not be limited to the domains of
307307 physical, emotional, social, and intellectual health. Health
308308 literacy shall includ e the ability to obtain, process, and
309309 understand basic health information and services ne eded to make
310310 appropriate health decisions. Health shall also include the
311311 importance of proper nutrition and exercise, mental health and
312312 wellness, substance abuse, copi ng skills for understanding and
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364364 managing trauma, establishing and maintaining positive
365365 relationships, and responsible decision making. Physical literacy
366366 shall include the ability to move with competence and confidence in
367367 a wide variety of physical activiti es in multiple environments that
368368 benefit the healthy development of the whole person.
369369 B. Subject to the provisions of subsection C of this section,
370370 in order to graduate from a public high school accredited by the
371371 State Board of Education with a standard diploma, students shall
372372 complete the following college preparatory/work ready curriculum
373373 units or sets of competencies at the seconda ry level:
374374 1. Four units or sets of competencies of English to include
375375 Grammar, Composition, Literature, or any English course approved for
376376 college admission requirements;
377377 2. Three units or sets of competencies of mathematics, limited
378378 to Algebra I, Algebr a II, Geometry, Trigonometry, Math Analysis,
379379 Calculus, Advanced Placement Statistics, or any mathematics course
380380 with content and/or rigor abo ve Algebra I and approved for college
381381 admission requirements;
382382 3. Three units or sets of competencies of laboratory science
383383 approved for college admission requirements including one unit or
384384 set of competencies of life science meeting the standards for
385385 Biology I; one unit or set of competencies of physical science,
386386 meeting the standards for Physical Science, Chemistry , or Physics;
387387 and one unit or set of competencies from the domains of physical
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439439 science, life science , or earth and space science such that the
440440 content and rigor is above Biology I or Physical Science;
441441 4. Three units or sets of competencies of history and
442442 citizenship skills, including one unit of American History, one-half
443443 unit of Oklahoma History, one -half unit of United States Government ,
444444 and one unit from the subjects of History, Government, Geography,
445445 Economics, Civics, or non-Western culture and approved for college
446446 admission requirements;
447447 5. Two units or sets of competencies of the same world or non-
448448 English language or two units of computer technology approved for
449449 college admission requirements, whether taught at a high school or a
450450 technology center school, including computer programming, hardware,
451451 and business computer applications, such as word processing,
452452 databases, spreadsheets, and grap hics, excluding keyboarding or
453453 typing courses;
454454 6. One additional unit or set of competencies selected from
455455 paragraphs 1 through 5 of this subsection or career and technology
456456 education courses, concurrently enrolled courses, Advanced Placement
457457 courses, or International Baccalaureate courses approved for college
458458 admission requirements; and
459459 7. One unit or set of c ompetencies of fine arts, such as music,
460460 art, or drama, or one unit or se t of competencies of speech.
461461 C. In lieu of the requirements of subsection B of this section
462462 which requires a college preparatory/work read y curriculum, a
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514514 student may enroll in the core curriculum as provided in subsection
515515 D of this section upon written approval of the parent or legal
516516 guardian of the studen t. For students under the age of eighteen
517517 (18) school districts shall require a parent or legal guardian of
518518 the student to meet with a designee of the school prior to
519519 enrollment in the core curriculum. The State Department of
520520 Education shall develop and distribute to school districts a form
521521 suitable for this purpose, which shall include information on the
522522 benefits to students of completing the college preparatory/work
523523 ready curriculum as provided for in subsection B of this section.
524524 D. For those students subject to the requirements of subsection
525525 C of this section, in order to graduate from a public high school
526526 accredited by the State Board of Education with a standard diploma,
527527 students shall complete the following core curriculum units or sets
528528 of competencies at the secondary level:
529529 1. Language Arts – Four units or sets of competencies, to
530530 consist of one unit o r set of competencies of grammar and
531531 composition, and three units or sets of competencies which may
532532 include, but are not limited to, the following courses:
533533 a. American Literature,
534534 b. English Literature,
535535 c. World Literature,
536536 d. Advanced English Courses, or
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588588 e. other English courses with content and/or rigor equal
589589 to or above grammar and composition;
590590 2. Mathematics – Three units or sets of competencies to consist
591591 of one unit or set of competencies of Algebra I or A lgebra I taught
592592 in a contextual methodology, and two units or sets of competencies
593593 which may include, but are not lim ited to, the following courses:
594594 a. Algebra II,
595595 b. Geometry or Geometry taug ht in a contextual
596596 methodology,
597597 c. Trigonometry,
598598 d. Math Analysis or Precalculus,
599599 e. Calculus,
600600 f. Statistics and/or Probability,
601601 g. Computer Science or acceptance and successful
602602 completion of one (1) year of a full -time, three-hour
603603 career and technology pr ogram leading to an industry
604604 credential/certificate or college c redit. The State
605605 Board of Career and Techno logy Education shall
606606 promulgate rules to define the provisions of this
607607 section related to the accepted industry -valued
608608 credentials which are industr y-endorsed or industry-
609609 aligned. The list of accepted indust ry-valued
610610 credentials shall be reviewed annu ally and updated at
611611 least every three (3) years by the Board,
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663663 h. (1) contextual mathematics courses which enhance
664664 technology preparation, or
665665 (2) a science, technology, engineering, and math
666666 (STEM) block course mee ting the requirements for
667667 course competencies listed in paragraph 2 of
668668 subsection B of this section, whether taught at
669669 a:
670670 (a) comprehensive high school, or
671671 (b) technology center school when taken in the
672672 tenth, eleventh, or twelfth grade, taught by
673673 a certified teacher, and approved by the
674674 State Board of Education and the independen t
675675 district board of education,
676676 i. mathematics courses taught at a technology center
677677 school by a teacher certified in th e secondary subject
678678 area when taken in the tenth, eleventh , or twelfth
679679 grade upon approval of the State Boa rd of Education
680680 and the independent district board of education, or
681681 j. any other mathematics course with content and/or rigor
682682 equal to or above Algeb ra I;
683683 3. Science – Three units or sets of competencies to consist of
684684 one unit or set of competencies of Biology I or Biology I taught in
685685 a contextual methodology, and two units or sets o f competencies in
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737737 the areas of life, physical, or earth science or te chnology which
738738 may include, but are not limited to, the follow ing courses:
739739 a. Chemistry I,
740740 b. Physics,
741741 c. Biology II,
742742 d. Chemistry II,
743743 e. Physical Science,
744744 f. Earth Science,
745745 g. Botany,
746746 h. Zoology,
747747 i. Physiology,
748748 j. Astronomy,
749749 k. Applied Biology/Chemistry,
750750 l. Applied Physics,
751751 m. Principles of Technology,
752752 n. qualified agricultural education courses,
753753 o. (1) contextual science courses which enh ance
754754 technology preparation, or
755755 (2) a science, technology, engineering , and math
756756 (STEM) block course meeting the requir ements for
757757 course competencies listed in paragraph 3 of
758758 subsection B of this section, whether taught at
759759 a:
760760 (a) comprehensive high school, or
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812812 (b) technology center school when taken in the
813813 tenth, eleventh, or twelfth grade, taught by
814814 a certified teacher, an d approved by the
815815 State Board of Education and the independent
816816 district board of education,
817817 p. science courses taught at a technology cente r school
818818 by a teacher certified in the secondary s ubject area
819819 when taken in the tenth, eleventh , or twelfth grade
820820 upon approval of the State B oard of Education and the
821821 independent district board of education, or
822822 q. other science courses with content and/or rigor equal
823823 to or above Biology I;
824824 4. Social Studies – Three units or sets of competencies, to
825825 consist of one unit or set of competencies of United States History,
826826 one-half to one unit or set of competencies of United States
827827 Government, one-half unit or set of competencies of Oklahoma
828828 History, and one-half to one unit or set of competencies which may
829829 include, but are not limited to, the follow ing courses:
830830 a. World History,
831831 b. Geography,
832832 c. Economics,
833833 d. Anthropology, or
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885885 e. other social studies courses with content and/or rigor
886886 equal to or above United Sta tes History, United States
887887 Government, and Oklahoma History;
888888 5. Arts – One unit or set of competencies which may include,
889889 but is not limited to, courses in Visual Arts and Ge neral Music; and
890890 6. Computer Education or World Language - One unit or set of
891891 competencies of computer technology, whether taught at a high school
892892 or a technology center s chool, including computer programming,
893893 hardware, and business computer applications, such as word
894894 processing, databases, spreadsheets, and graphics, excluding
895895 keyboarding or typing courses, or one unit or set of competencies of
896896 world or non-English language.
897897 E. 1. In addition to the curr iculum requirements of either
898898 subsection B or D of this section, in order t o graduate from a
899899 public high school accredited by the S tate Board of Education
900900 students shall complete the requirements f or a personal financial
901901 literacy passport as set forth in t he Passport to Financial Literacy
902902 Act and any additional course requirement s or recommended elective
903903 courses as may be established by the State Board of Education and
904904 the district school board. Sc hool districts shall strong ly
905905 encourage students to complet e two units or sets of competencies of
906906 world languages and two unit s or sets of competencies of physical
907907 and health education.
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959959 2. No student shall receive credit for high school graduation
960960 more than once for completion of t he same unit or set of
961961 competencies to satisfy the curriculum requirements of this section.
962962 3. A school district shall not be required to offer every
963963 course listed in subsections B and D of this section but shall offer
964964 sufficient courses to allow a studen t to meet the graduation
965965 requirements during the secondary grade years of the student.
966966 F. 1. In addition to the curriculum requirements of either
967967 subsection B or D of this section, beginning with ninth graders in
968968 the 2021-22 school year, in order to grad uate from a public high
969969 school accredited by the State Board of Education, students shall
970970 pass the United States naturalization test pursuant to the
971971 provisions of this subsection.
972972 2. School districts shall offer the United State s
973973 naturalization test to st udents at least once per school year,
974974 beginning as early as eighth grade at the discretion of the school
975975 district; provided, any student may retake the exam upo n request,
976976 and as often as desired, until earning a passing score. F or
977977 purposes of this subsect ion, a passing score shall be 60 out of 100
978978 questions.
979979 3. School districts shall exempt students with disabilities
980980 whose individualized education program (IEP) , consistent with state
981981 law, indicates that the student is to be asse ssed with alternate
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10331033 achievement standards through the Oklahoma Alternate Assessment
10341034 Program (OAAP).
10351035 G. For purposes of this section:
10361036 1. “Contextual methodology” means academic content a nd skills
10371037 taught by utilizing real -world problems and projects in a w ay that
10381038 helps students understand the application of that knowledge;
10391039 2. “Qualified agricultural education courses” means courses
10401040 that have been determined by the State Board of Education to offer
10411041 the sets of competencies for one or more science content ar eas and
10421042 which correspond to academic science courses. Qualified
10431043 agricultural education courses shall include, but are not li mited
10441044 to, Horticulture, Plant and Soil Science, Natural Resour ces and
10451045 Environmental Science, and Animal Science. The courses shall be
10461046 taught by teachers cert ified in agricultural education and comply
10471047 with all rules of the Oklahoma Department of Career and Technology
10481048 Education;
10491049 3. “Rigor” means a level of difficulty that is thorough,
10501050 exhaustive and accurate and is appropriate for the grade level;
10511051 4. “Sets of competencies” means instruction in those skills and
10521052 competencies that are specified in the subject matter standards
10531053 adopted by the State Board of Education and other skills and
10541054 competencies adopted by the Board, without regard to specified
10551055 instructional time; and
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11071107 5. “Unit” means a Carnegie Unit as defined by the North Central
11081108 Association’s Commission on Schools.
11091109 H. 1. The State Board of Education shall adopt a plan to
11101110 ensure that rigor is maintained in the content, teaching
11111111 methodology, level of expectat ions for student achievement, and
11121112 application of learning in all the courses taught to meet the
11131113 graduation requirements as specified in this section.
11141114 2. The State Board of Education shall allow as much flexibility
11151115 at the district level as is possible with out diminishing the rigor
11161116 or undermining the intent of providing these courses. To accomplish
11171117 this purpose, the State Department of Education shall work with
11181118 school districts in reviewing and approving courses taught by
11191119 districts that are not specifically listed in subsections B and D of
11201120 this section. Options may include, but shall not be limited to,
11211121 courses taken by concurrent enrollment, advanced placement, o r
11221122 correspondence, or courses bearing different titles.
11231123 3. The State Board of Education shall ap prove an advanced
11241124 placement computer science course to meet the requirements of course
11251125 competencies listed in paragraph 2 of subsection B of this section
11261126 if the course is taken in a student ’s senior year and the student is
11271127 concurrently enrolled in or has s uccessfully completed Algebra II.
11281128 4. Technology center school districts may offer programs
11291129 designed in cooperation with institutions of higher education which
11301130 have an emphasis on a focused field of career study upon approval of
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11821182 the State Board of Educatio n and the independent district board of
11831183 education. Students in the tenth grade may be allowed to attend
11841184 these programs for up to one-half (1/2) of a school day and credit
11851185 for the units or sets of competencies required in paragra phs 2, 3,
11861186 and 6 of subsection B or D of this section shall be given if the
11871187 courses are taught by a teacher certified in the se condary subject
11881188 area; provided, credit for units or sets of co mpetencies pursuant to
11891189 subsection B of this section shall be approve d for college admission
11901190 requirements.
11911191 5. If a student enrolls in a concurrent course, the school
11921192 district shall not be respon sible for any costs incurred for that
11931193 course, unless the schoo l district does not offer enough course
11941194 selection during the student ’s secondary grade years to allow the
11951195 student to receive the courses needed to meet the graduation
11961196 requirements of this sectio n. If the school district does not offer
11971197 the necessary course selection during the student ’s secondary grade
11981198 years, it shall be r esponsible for the cost of resident tuition at
11991199 an institution in The Oklahoma State System of Higher Education,
12001200 fees, and books for the concurrent enrollment course, and providing
12011201 for transportation to and from the institution to the school site.
12021202 It is the intent of the Legislature that for students enrolled
12031203 in a concurrent enrollment course which is paid for by the school
12041204 district pursuant to this paragraph, the institution charge only the
12051205 supplementary and special service fees that are directly related to
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12571257 the concurrent enrollment course and enrollment procedures for that
12581258 student. It is further the intent of the Legislature tha t fees for
12591259 student activities and student service facilities, including the
12601260 student health care and cultural and recreational serv ice fees, not
12611261 be charged to such students.
12621262 6. Credit for the units or sets of competencies required in
12631263 subsection B or D of t his section shall be given when such units or
12641264 sets of competencies are taken prior to ninth grade if the teachers
12651265 are certified or authorized to teach the su bjects for high school
12661266 credit and the required rigor is maintained.
12671267 7. The three units or sets of competencies in mathematics
12681268 required in subsection B or D of t his section shall be completed in
12691269 the ninth through twelfth grades. If a student completes any
12701270 required courses or sets of competencies in mathematics prior to
12711271 ninth grade, the student may take any other mathematics courses or
12721272 sets of competencies to fulf ill the requirement to complete three
12731273 units or sets of competencies in grades nine through twel ve after
12741274 the student has satisfied the requirements of subsection B or D of
12751275 this section.
12761276 8. All units or sets of competencies required for graduation
12771277 may be taken in any sequence recommended by the school district.
12781278 I. As a condition of receiving accredi tation from the State
12791279 Board of Education, all students in grades nine through twelve shall
12801280 enroll in a minimum of six periods, or the equivalent in block
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13321332 scheduling or other scheduling structure that allows for instruction
13331333 in sets of competencies, of rigor ous academic and/or rigorous
13341334 vocational courses each day, which may include arts, vocal and
13351335 instrumental music, speech classes, and physical education classes.
13361336 J. 1. Academic and vocational -technical courses designed to
13371337 offer sets of competencies integra ted or embedded within the courses
13381338 that provide for the teaching and learning of the appropriate sk ills
13391339 and knowledge in the subject matter standards, as adopted by the
13401340 State Board of Education, may, upon approval of the Board, i n
13411341 consultation with the Okl ahoma Department of Career and Technology
13421342 Education if the courses are offered at a technology cent er school
13431343 district, be counted for academic credit and toward meeting the
13441344 graduation requirements of this section.
13451345 2. Internet-based courses offered by a te chnology center school
13461346 that are taught by a certified teacher and provide for the teaching
13471347 and learning of the appropriate skills and knowledge in the subject
13481348 matter standards may, upon approval of the State Board of Education
13491349 and the independent district board of education, be counted for
13501350 academic credit and toward meeting the graduation requirements o f
13511351 this section.
13521352 3. Internet-based courses or vocational -technical courses
13531353 utilizing integrated or embedded skills for which no su bject matter
13541354 standards have been adopted by the State Board of Education may be
13551355 approved by the Board, in consultation with th e Oklahoma Department
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14071407 of Career and Technology Education if th e courses are offered at a
14081408 technology center school district, if suc h courses incorporate
14091409 standards of nationally recognized professional organizations and
14101410 are taught by certified teachers.
14111411 4. Courses offered by a supplemental education organization
14121412 that is accredited by a national accrediting body and that are
14131413 taught by a certified teacher and pro vide for the teaching and
14141414 learning of the appropriate skills and knowledge in the subject
14151415 matter standards may, upon approval of the State Board of Education
14161416 and the school district board of education, be counted for academic
14171417 credit and toward meeting the graduation requirements of this
14181418 section.
14191419 K. The State Board of Education shall provide an option f or
14201420 high school graduation based upon attainment of the desired levels
14211421 of competencies as required in tests pursuant to the provisi ons of
14221422 Section 1210.508 of this title. Such option shall be in lieu of the
14231423 amount of course credits earned.
14241424 L. The State Board of Education shall prescribe, adopt, and
14251425 approve a promotion system based on the attainment by students of
14261426 specified levels of competencies in each area o f the core
14271427 curriculum.
14281428 M. Children who have indivi dualized education programs pursuant
14291429 to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) , and who
14301430 satisfy the graduation requirements through the individualized
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14821482 education program for that student sha ll be awarded a standard
14831483 diploma.
14841484 N. Students who enter the ninth grade in or prior to the 2007 -
14851485 08 school year who are enrolled in an alternative education progr am
14861486 and meet the requirements of their plans leading to high school
14871487 graduation developed pursua nt to Section 1210.568 of this title
14881488 shall be awarded a standard diploma.
14891489 O. Any student who comple tes the curriculum requirements of the
14901490 International Baccalaur eate Diploma Program shall be awarded a
14911491 standard diploma.
14921492 P. Any student who successfully com pletes an advanced
14931493 mathematics or science course of fered pursuant to Section 1210.404
14941494 of this title shall be granted academic credit toward meeting the
14951495 graduation requirements pursuant to paragraph 2 or 3, as
14961496 appropriate, of subs ection B or D of this secti on.
14971497 Q. For purposes of this section, the courses a pproved for
14981498 college admission requirements shall be courses which are approved
14991499 by the Oklahoma State Regents fo r Higher Education for admission to
15001500 an institution within The Oklah oma State System of Higher Education.
15011501 R. Students who have been denied a stan dard diploma by the
15021502 school district in which the student is or was enrolled for failing
15031503 to meet the requirement s of this section may re -enroll in the school
15041504 district that denied the student a standard dipl oma following the
15051505 denial of a standard diploma. Th e student shall be provided
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15571557 remediation or interv ention and the opportunity to complete the
15581558 curriculum units or sets of competencies required by this section to
15591559 obtain a standard diploma. Students who re -enroll in the school
15601560 district to meet the graduatio n requirements of this section shall
15611561 be exempt from the hourly instructional requirements of Section 1 -
15621562 111 of this title and the six -period enrollment requirements of this
15631563 section.
15641564 S. The State Department of Education shall collect and report
15651565 data by school site and district on the number of students wh o
15661566 enroll in the core curriculum as provided in subsection D of this
15671567 section.
15681568 SECTION 2. This act shall become e ffective July 1, 2023.
15691569 SECTION 3. It being immediately necessa ry for the preservation
15701570 of the public peace, health , or safety, an emergency is hereby
15711571 declared to exist, by reason whereof thi s act shall take effect and
15721572 be in full force from and after its passage and ap proval.
15731573
15741574 59-1-829 EB 1/4/2023 3:17:53 PM