42 | 35 | | |
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43 | 36 | | |
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44 | 37 | | |
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45 | 38 | | An Act relating to discovery; creating the Foreign |
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46 | 39 | | Litigation Funding Prevention Act; amending 12 O.S. |
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47 | 40 | | 2021, Section 3226, which relates to general |
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48 | 41 | | provisions governing discovery; requiring production |
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49 | 42 | | of commercial litigation funding agreement upon |
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50 | 43 | | request; prohibiting admissibility of certain |
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51 | 44 | | information as evidence; requiring certain |
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52 | 45 | | certification with production of agreement; providing |
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53 | 46 | | exception; defining terms; providing for |
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54 | 47 | | noncodification; providing for codification; and |
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55 | 48 | | providing an effective date. |
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56 | 49 | | |
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57 | 50 | | |
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58 | 51 | | |
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59 | 52 | | |
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60 | 53 | | |
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61 | 54 | | BE IT ENACTED BY THE PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF OKLAHOMA: |
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62 | 55 | | SECTION 1. NEW LAW A new section of law not to be |
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63 | 56 | | codified in the Oklahoma Statutes reads as follows: |
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64 | 57 | | This act shall be known and may be cited as the "Foreign |
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65 | 58 | | Litigation Funding Prevention Act". |
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66 | 59 | | SECTION 2. AMENDATORY 12 O.S. 2021, Section 3226, |
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67 | 60 | | is amended to read as follows: |
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99 | 91 | | or more of the following methods: Depositions upon oral examination |
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100 | 92 | | or written questions; writ ten interrogatories; production of |
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101 | 93 | | documents or things or permission to enter upon land or other |
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102 | 94 | | property, for inspection and other purposes; physical and mental |
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103 | 95 | | examinations; requests for admission; authorizations for release of |
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104 | 96 | | records; and otherwise by court order upon showing of good cause. |
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105 | 97 | | Except as provided in this section or unless the court or ders |
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106 | 98 | | otherwise under this section, the frequency of use of these methods |
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107 | 99 | | is not limited. |
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108 | 100 | | 2. INITIAL DISCLOSURES. |
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109 | 101 | | a. Except in categories of proceedings speci fied in |
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110 | 102 | | subparagraph b of this paragraph, or to the extent |
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111 | 103 | | otherwise stipulated or directed by order, a party, |
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112 | 104 | | without awaiting a discovery request, shall provide to |
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113 | 105 | | other parties a computation of any category of damages |
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114 | 106 | | claimed by the disclosing party, ma king available for |
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115 | 107 | | inspection and copying the documents or other |
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116 | 108 | | evidentiary material, not privile ged or protected from |
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117 | 109 | | disclosure, on which such computation is based, |
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118 | 110 | | including materials bearing on the nature and extent |
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150 | 141 | | authorization allowing the parties to obtain relevant |
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151 | 142 | | medical records and bills, and, when relevant, a |
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152 | 143 | | release or authorization for employment and scholastic |
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153 | 144 | | records. |
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154 | 145 | | b. The following categories of proceedings are exempt |
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155 | 146 | | from initial disclosure under subparagraph a of this |
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156 | 147 | | paragraph: |
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157 | 148 | | (1) an action for review of an administrative record, |
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158 | 149 | | (2) a petition for habeas corpus or other proceeding |
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159 | 150 | | to challenge a criminal conviction or sentence, |
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160 | 151 | | (3) an action brought without counsel by a person in |
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161 | 152 | | custody of the United States, a state, or a state |
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162 | 153 | | subdivision, |
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163 | 154 | | (4) an action to enforce or quash an administra tive |
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164 | 155 | | summons or subpoena, |
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165 | 156 | | (5) an action by the United States to recover benefit |
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166 | 157 | | payments, |
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167 | 158 | | (6) an action by the United States to collect on a |
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168 | 159 | | student loan guaranteed by the United States, |
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201 | 191 | | a different time is set by stipulation or court order, |
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202 | 192 | | or unless a party objects that initial disclosures are |
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203 | 193 | | not appropriate in the circumstances of the action and |
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204 | 194 | | states the objection in a motion filed with the court. |
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205 | 195 | | In ruling on the objection, the court shall determine |
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206 | 196 | | what disclosures, if any, are to be made and set the |
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207 | 197 | | time for disclosure. A party shal l make its initial |
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208 | 198 | | disclosures based on the information then readily |
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209 | 199 | | available to it and is not excused from making its |
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210 | 200 | | disclosures because it has not fully completed its |
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211 | 201 | | investigation of the case or because it challenges the |
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212 | 202 | | sufficiency of another party's disclosures or because |
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213 | 203 | | another party has not made its disclosures. |
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214 | 204 | | B. DISCOVERY SCOPE AND LIMITS . Unless otherwise limited by |
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215 | 205 | | order of the court in accordance with the Oklahoma Discovery Code, |
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216 | 206 | | the scope of discovery is as follows: |
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217 | 207 | | 1. IN GENERAL. |
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218 | 208 | | a. Parties may obtain discovery regarding any matter, not |
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219 | 209 | | privileged, which is relevant to any party's claim or |
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252 | 241 | | information, the parties' resources, the importance of |
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253 | 242 | | the discovery in resolving the issues, and whether the |
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254 | 243 | | burden or expense of the proposed discove ry outweighs |
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255 | 244 | | its likely benefit. Information within this scope of |
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256 | 245 | | discovery need not be admissible in evidence to be |
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257 | 246 | | discoverable. |
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258 | 247 | | b. A party shall produce upon request pursuant to Section |
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259 | 248 | | 3234 of this title, any insurance agreement under |
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260 | 249 | | which any person carrying on an insurance business may |
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261 | 250 | | be liable to satisfy part or all of a judgment which |
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262 | 251 | | may be entered in the action or to indemnify or |
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263 | 252 | | reimburse for payments made to satisfy the judgment. |
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264 | 253 | | Information concerning the insurance agreement is not |
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265 | 254 | | by reason of disclosure admissible in evidence at |
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266 | 255 | | trial. For purposes of this section, an application |
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267 | 256 | | for insurance shall not be treated as a part of an |
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268 | 257 | | insurance agreement. |
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269 | 258 | | c. A party shall produce upon request, pursuant to |
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270 | 259 | | Section 3234 of this title, any commer cial litigation |
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303 | 291 | | a certification, by sworn affidavit, by the producing |
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304 | 292 | | party as to whether any funds encumbered by the terms |
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305 | 293 | | of the agreement have been or will be sourced from a |
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306 | 294 | | foreign state or agency or instrumentality of a |
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307 | 295 | | foreign state as defined in 28 U.S.C., Section 1603 or |
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308 | 296 | | 22 U.S.C., Section 611, as amended. Certification |
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309 | 297 | | that discloses that a foreign state or agency or |
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310 | 298 | | instrumentality of a foreign state is such a source |
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311 | 299 | | shall include the identity of the foreign state, |
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312 | 300 | | agency, or instrumentality that is the source of the |
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313 | 301 | | funds. Such certification shall be supplemented or |
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314 | 302 | | corrected by the producing party within thirty (30) |
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315 | 303 | | days in the event the certification becomes incomplete |
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316 | 304 | | or inaccurate in a material aspect. A consumer |
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317 | 305 | | litigation funding agre ement as defined in Section 3 - |
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318 | 306 | | 801 of Title 14A of the Oklahoma Statutes shall be |
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319 | 307 | | exempt from the provisions of this subparagraph. |
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320 | 308 | | 2. LIMITATIONS ON FREQUENCY AND EXTENT. |
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353 | 340 | | requests for admission under Section 3236 of this |
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354 | 341 | | title. |
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355 | 342 | | b. A party is not required to provide discovery of |
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356 | 343 | | electronically stored information from sources that |
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357 | 344 | | the party identifies as not reasonably accessible |
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358 | 345 | | because of undue burden or cost. On motion to compel |
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359 | 346 | | discovery or for a protective order, the party from |
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360 | 347 | | whom discovery is sought must show that the |
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361 | 348 | | information is not reasonably accessible because of |
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362 | 349 | | undue burden or cost. If that showing is made, the |
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363 | 350 | | court may order discovery from such sources if the |
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364 | 351 | | requesting party shows good cause, considering the |
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365 | 352 | | limitations of subpara graph c of this paragraph. The |
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366 | 353 | | court may specify conditions for the discovery. |
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367 | 354 | | c. On motion or on its own, the court shall limit the |
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368 | 355 | | frequency or extent of discovery otherwise allowed if |
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369 | 356 | | it determines that: |
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370 | 357 | | (1) the discovery sought is unreasonably cumulat ive |
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371 | 358 | | or duplicative, or can be obtained from some |
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404 | 390 | | (3) the proposed discovery is outside the scope |
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405 | 391 | | permitted by subparagraph a of paragraph 1 of |
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406 | 392 | | this subsection. |
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407 | 393 | | d. If an officer, director or managing agent of a |
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408 | 394 | | corporation or a government official is served with |
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409 | 395 | | notice of a deposition or subpoena regarding a matter |
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410 | 396 | | about which he or she has no knowledge, he or she may |
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411 | 397 | | submit at a reasonable time prior to the date of the |
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412 | 398 | | deposition an affidavit to the noticing party so |
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413 | 399 | | stating and identifying a person within the |
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414 | 400 | | corporation or government entity who has knowledge of |
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415 | 401 | | the subject matter involved in the pending action. |
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416 | 402 | | Notwithstanding such affidavit, the noticing party may |
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417 | 403 | | proceed with the deposition, subject to the noticed |
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418 | 404 | | witness's right to seek a protective order. |
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419 | 405 | | 3. TRIAL PREPARATION: MATERIALS. |
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420 | 406 | | a. Unless as provided by pa ragraph 4 of this subsection, |
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421 | 407 | | a party may not discover documents and tangible things |
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422 | 408 | | that are prepared in anticipation of litigation or for |
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455 | 440 | | (1) they are otherwise discoverable under paragraph 1 |
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456 | 441 | | of this subsection, and |
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457 | 442 | | (2) the party shows that it has substantial need for |
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458 | 443 | | the materials to prepare its case and cannot, |
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459 | 444 | | without undue hardship, obtain their substantial |
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460 | 445 | | equivalent by other means. |
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461 | 446 | | b. If the court orders discovery of such materials, the |
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462 | 447 | | court shall protect against disclosure of the mental |
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463 | 448 | | impressions, conclusions, opinions or legal theories |
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464 | 449 | | of a party's attorney or other representative |
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465 | 450 | | concerning the litigation. |
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466 | 451 | | c. A party or other person may, upon request and without |
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467 | 452 | | the required showing, obtain the person's own previous |
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468 | 453 | | statement about the action or its subject matter. If |
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469 | 454 | | the request is refused, the person may move for a |
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470 | 455 | | court order, and the provisions of paragraph 4 of |
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471 | 456 | | subsection A of Section 3237 of this title apply to |
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472 | 457 | | the award of expenses. A previous statement is |
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473 | 458 | | either: |
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506 | 490 | | substantially verbatim the person's oral |
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507 | 491 | | statement. |
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508 | 492 | | 4. TRIAL PREPARATION: EXPERTS. |
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509 | 493 | | a. Discovery of facts known and opinions held by experts, |
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510 | 494 | | otherwise discoverable under the provisions of |
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511 | 495 | | paragraph 1 of this subsection and acquired or |
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512 | 496 | | developed in anticipation of litigation or for trial, |
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513 | 497 | | may be obtained only as follows: |
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514 | 498 | | (1) a party may, through interroga tories, require any |
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515 | 499 | | other party to identify each person whom that |
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516 | 500 | | other party expects to call as a n expert witness |
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517 | 501 | | at trial and give the address at which that |
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518 | 502 | | expert witness may be located, |
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519 | 503 | | (2) after disclosure of the names and addresses of |
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520 | 504 | | the expert witnesses, the other party expects to |
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521 | 505 | | call as witnesses, the party, who has requested |
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522 | 506 | | disclosure, may depose any such expert witnesses |
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523 | 507 | | subject to scope of this section. Prior to |
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524 | 508 | | taking the deposition the party must give notice |
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557 | 540 | | witnesses to state the subject matter on which |
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558 | 541 | | each expert witness is expected to testify; the |
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559 | 542 | | substance of the facts and opinions to which the |
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560 | 543 | | expert is expected to testify and a summary of |
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561 | 544 | | the grounds for each opinion; the qualifications |
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562 | 545 | | of each expert witness, including a list of all |
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563 | 546 | | publications authored by the expert witness |
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564 | 547 | | within the preceding ten (10) years; the |
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565 | 548 | | compensation to be paid to the expert witness fo r |
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566 | 549 | | the testimony and preparation for the testimony; |
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567 | 550 | | and a listing of any other cases in which the |
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568 | 551 | | expert witness has testified as an expert at |
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569 | 552 | | trial or by deposition within the preceding four |
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570 | 553 | | (4) years. An interrogatory seeking the |
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571 | 554 | | information specified above shall be treated as a |
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572 | 555 | | single interrogatory for purposes of the |
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573 | 556 | | limitation on the number of interrogatories in |
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574 | 557 | | Section 3233 of this title. |
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607 | 589 | | involve giving expert testimony, except to the extent |
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608 | 590 | | that the communications: |
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609 | 591 | | (1) relate to compensation for the expert's study or |
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610 | 592 | | testimony, |
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611 | 593 | | (2) identify facts or data that the party's attorney |
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612 | 594 | | provided and that the expert considered in |
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613 | 595 | | forming the opinions to be ex pressed, or |
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614 | 596 | | (3) identify assumptions that the party's attorney |
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615 | 597 | | provided and that the expert relied upon in |
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616 | 598 | | forming the opinions to be expressed. |
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617 | 599 | | c. A party may not, by interrogatories or deposition, |
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618 | 600 | | discover facts known or opinions held by an expert who |
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619 | 601 | | has been retained or specially employed by another |
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620 | 602 | | party in anticipation of litigation or to prepare for |
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621 | 603 | | trial and who is not expected to be called as a |
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622 | 604 | | witness at trial, except as provided in Section 3235 |
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623 | 605 | | of this title or upon a showing of exceptional |
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624 | 606 | | circumstances under which it is impracticable for the |
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658 | 639 | | division (2) of subparagraph a of this paragraph |
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659 | 640 | | and subparagraph c of this paragraph, and |
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660 | 641 | | (2) the court shall require that the party seeking |
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661 | 642 | | discovery with respect to discovery obtained |
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662 | 643 | | under subparagraph c o f this paragraph, pay the |
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663 | 644 | | other party a fair portion of the fees and |
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664 | 645 | | expenses reasonably incurred by the latter party |
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665 | 646 | | in obtaining facts and opinions from the expert. |
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666 | 647 | | 5. CLAIMS OF PRIVILEGE OR PROTECTION OF TRIAL PREPARATION |
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667 | 648 | | MATERIALS. |
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668 | 649 | | a. When a party withholds information otherwise |
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669 | 650 | | discoverable under the Oklahoma Discovery Code by |
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670 | 651 | | claiming that it is privileged or subject to |
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671 | 652 | | protection as trial preparation material, the party |
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672 | 653 | | shall make the claim expressly and shall describe the |
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673 | 654 | | nature of the documents, c ommunications, or things not |
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674 | 655 | | produced or disclosed in a manner that, without |
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675 | 656 | | revealing information itself privileged or protected, |
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709 | 689 | | claim and the basis for it. After being notified, a |
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710 | 690 | | party shall promptly return, seque ster, or destroy the |
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711 | 691 | | specified information and any copies the party has; |
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712 | 692 | | shall not use or disclose the information until the |
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713 | 693 | | claim is resolved; shall take reasonable steps to |
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714 | 694 | | retrieve the information if the party has disclosed it |
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715 | 695 | | before being notified; and may promptly present the |
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716 | 696 | | information to the court under seal for a |
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717 | 697 | | determination of the claim. The producing party shall |
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718 | 698 | | preserve the information until the claim is resolved. |
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719 | 699 | | This mechanism is procedural only and does not alter |
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720 | 700 | | the standards governing w hether the information is |
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721 | 701 | | privileged or subject to protection as trial |
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722 | 702 | | preparation material or whe ther such privilege or |
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723 | 703 | | protection has been waived. |
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724 | 704 | | C. PROTECTIVE ORDERS. |
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725 | 705 | | 1. Upon motion by a party or by the person from whom discovery |
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726 | 706 | | is sought, accompani ed by a certification that the movant has in |
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| 707 | + | good faith conferred or attempted to confer, either in person or by |
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| 708 | + | telephone, with other affected parties in an effort to resolve the |
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| 709 | + | dispute without court action, and for good cause shown, the court in |
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| 710 | + | which the action is pending or on matters relating to a deposition, |
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| 711 | + | the district court in the county wher e the deposition is to be taken |
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| 712 | + | may enter any order which justice requires to protect a party or |
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754 | | - | good faith conferred or attempted to confer, either in person or by |
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755 | | - | telephone, with other affected parties in an effort to resolve the |
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756 | | - | dispute without court action, and for good cause shown, the court in |
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757 | | - | which the action is pending or on matters relating to a deposition, |
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758 | | - | the district court in the county wher e the deposition is to be taken |
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759 | | - | may enter any order which justice requires to protect a party or |
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760 | 739 | | person from annoyance, harassment, embarrassment, oppression or |
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761 | 740 | | undue delay, burden or expense, including one or more of the |
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762 | 741 | | following: |
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763 | 742 | | a. that the discovery not be had, |
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764 | 743 | | b. that the discovery may be had only on specified terms |
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765 | 744 | | and conditions, including a designation of the time, |
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766 | 745 | | place or the allocation of expenses, |
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767 | 746 | | c. that the discovery may be had only by a method of |
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768 | 747 | | discovery other than that selected by the par ty |
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769 | 748 | | seeking discovery, |
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770 | 749 | | d. that certain matters not be inquired into, or that the |
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771 | 750 | | scope of the disclosure or discovery be limited to |
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772 | 751 | | certain matters, |
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773 | 752 | | e. that discovery be conducted with no one present except |
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774 | 753 | | persons designated by the court, |
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775 | 754 | | f. that a deposition after being sealed be opened only by |
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776 | 755 | | order of the court, |
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810 | 788 | | 2. If the motion for a protective order is denied in whole or |
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811 | 789 | | in part, the court may, on such terms and conditions as are just, |
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812 | 790 | | order that any party or person provide or permit discovery. The |
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813 | 791 | | provisions of paragraph 4 of subsection A of Section 3237 of this |
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814 | 792 | | title apply to the award of expenses incurred in r elation to the |
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815 | 793 | | motion. Any protective order of the court which has the effect of |
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816 | 794 | | removing any material obtained by discovery from the public record |
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817 | 795 | | shall contain the following: |
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818 | 796 | | a. a statement that the court has determined it is |
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819 | 797 | | necessary in the interests of justice to remove the |
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820 | 798 | | material from the public record, |
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821 | 799 | | b. specific identification of the material which is to be |
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822 | 800 | | removed or withdrawn from the public record, or which |
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823 | 801 | | is to be filed but not placed in the public record, |
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824 | 802 | | and |
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825 | 803 | | c. a requirement that any part y obtaining a protective |
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826 | 804 | | order place the protected material in a sealed manila |
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827 | 805 | | envelope clearly marked with the caption and case |
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861 | 838 | | confidential documents approved for electronic filing |
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862 | 839 | | in the courts of this state. |
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863 | 840 | | 3. No protective order entered after the filing and |
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864 | 841 | | microfilming of documents of any kind shall be cons trued to require |
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865 | 842 | | the microfilm record of such filing to be amended in any fashion. |
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866 | 843 | | 4. The party or counsel which has received the protective order |
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867 | 844 | | shall be responsible for promptly presenting the order to |
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868 | 845 | | appropriate court clerk personnel for appropriate action. |
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869 | 846 | | 5. All documents produced or testimony given under a protective |
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870 | 847 | | order shall be retained in the office of counsel until required by |
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871 | 848 | | the court to be filed in the case. |
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872 | 849 | | 6. Counsel for the respective parties shall be responsible for |
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873 | 850 | | informing witnesses, as necessary, of the contents of the protective |
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874 | 851 | | order. |
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875 | 852 | | 7. When a case is filed in which a party intends to seek a |
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876 | 853 | | protective order removing material from the public record, the |
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877 | 854 | | plaintiff(s) and defendant(s) shall be initially designated on the |
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878 | 855 | | petition under pseudonym such as "John or Jane Doe", or "Roe", and |
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912 | 888 | | D. SEQUENCE AND TIMING OF DISCOVERY. Unless the parties |
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913 | 889 | | stipulate or the court orders otherwise for the convenience of |
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914 | 890 | | parties and witnesses and in the interests of justice, methods of |
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915 | 891 | | discovery may be used in any sequence. The fact that a party is |
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916 | 892 | | conducting discovery , whether by deposition or otherwise, shall not |
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917 | 893 | | operate to delay discovery by any other party. |
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918 | 894 | | E. SUPPLEMENTATION OF RESPONSES. A party who has responded to |
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919 | 895 | | a request for discovery with a response that was complete when it |
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920 | 896 | | was made is under no duty to su pplement the response to include |
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921 | 897 | | information thereafter acquired, except as follows: |
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922 | 898 | | 1. A party is under a duty seasonably to supplement the |
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923 | 899 | | response with respect to any question directly addressed to: |
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924 | 900 | | a. the identity and location of persons having knowle dge |
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925 | 901 | | of discoverable matters, and |
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926 | 902 | | b. the identity of each person expected to be called as |
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927 | 903 | | an expert witness at trial, the subject matter on |
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928 | 904 | | which the person is expected to testify, and the |
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929 | 905 | | substance of the testimony of the person; |
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962 | 937 | | (2) the party knows that the response, which was |
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963 | 938 | | correct when made, is no longer true in some |
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964 | 939 | | material respect, and |
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965 | 940 | | b. the additional or corrective information has not |
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966 | 941 | | otherwise been made known to the other parties during |
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967 | 942 | | the discovery process or in w riting; and |
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968 | 943 | | 3. A duty to supplement responses may be imposed by order of |
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969 | 944 | | the court, agreement of the parties, or at any time prior to trial |
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970 | 945 | | through new requests for supplementation of prior responses. |
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971 | 946 | | F. DISCOVERY CONFERENCE. At any time after commencem ent of an |
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972 | 947 | | action, the court may direct the attorneys for the parties to appear |
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973 | 948 | | for a conference on the subject of discovery. The court shall do so |
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974 | 949 | | upon motion by the attorney for any party if the motion includes: |
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975 | 950 | | 1. A statement of the issues as they then appear; |
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976 | 951 | | 2. A proposed plan and schedule of discovery; |
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977 | 952 | | 3. Any limitations proposed to be placed on discovery; |
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978 | 953 | | 4. Any other proposed orders with respect to discovery; and |
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1013 | 987 | | motion shall be served not later than ten (10) days after service of |
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1014 | 988 | | the motion. |
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1015 | 989 | | Following the discovery conference, the court shall enter an |
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1016 | 990 | | order tentatively identifying the issues for discovery purposes, |
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1017 | 991 | | establishing a plan and schedule for discover y, setting limitations |
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1018 | 992 | | on discovery, if any; and determining such other matters, including |
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1019 | 993 | | the allocation of expenses, as are necessary for the proper |
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1020 | 994 | | management of discovery in the action. In preparing the plan for |
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1021 | 995 | | discovery the court shall protect the parties from excessive or |
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1022 | 996 | | abusive use of discovery. An order shall be altered or amended |
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1023 | 997 | | whenever justice so requires. |
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1024 | 998 | | Subject to the right of a party who pro perly moves for a |
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1025 | 999 | | discovery conference to prompt convening of the conference, the |
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1026 | 1000 | | court may combine the discovery conference with a pretrial |
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1027 | 1001 | | conference. |
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1028 | 1002 | | G. SIGNING OF DISCOVERY REQUESTS, RESPONSES AND OBJECTIONS. |
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1029 | 1003 | | Every request for discovery, response or objection thereto made by a |
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| 1004 | + | party represented by an attorney shall be signed by at least one of |
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| 1005 | + | the party's attorneys of record in the party's individual name whose |
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| 1006 | + | address shall be stated. A party who is not represented by an |
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| 1007 | + | attorney shall sign the requ est, response or objection and state the |
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| 1008 | + | party's address. The signature of the attorney or party constitutes |
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| 1009 | + | a certification that the party has read the request, response or |
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| 1010 | + | objection, and that it is: |
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1057 | | - | party represented by an attorney shall be signed by at least one of |
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1058 | | - | the party's attorneys of record in the party's individual name whose |
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1059 | | - | address shall be stated. A party who is not represe nted by an |
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1060 | | - | attorney shall sign the request, response or objection and state the |
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1061 | | - | party's address. The signature of the attorney or party constitutes |
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1062 | | - | a certification that the party has read the request, response or |
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1063 | | - | objection, and that it is: |
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1064 | 1037 | | 1. To the best of the party's knowledge, information and belief |
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1065 | 1038 | | formed after a reasonable inquiry consistent with the Oklahoma |
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1066 | 1039 | | Discovery Code and warranted by existing law or a good -faith |
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1067 | 1040 | | argument for the extension, modification or reversal of existing |
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1068 | 1041 | | law; |
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1069 | 1042 | | 2. Interposed in good faith and not primarily to c ause delay or |
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1070 | 1043 | | for any other improper purpose; and |
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1071 | 1044 | | 3. Not unreasonable or unduly burdensome or exp ensive, given |
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1072 | 1045 | | the nature and complexity of the case, the discovery already had in |
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1073 | 1046 | | the case, the amount in controversy, and other values at stake in |
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1074 | 1047 | | the litigation. If a request, response or objection is not signed, |
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1075 | 1048 | | it shall be deemed ineffective. |
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1076 | 1049 | | If a certification is made in violation of the provisions of |
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1077 | 1050 | | this subsection, the court, upon motion or upon its own initiative, |
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1078 | 1051 | | shall impose upon the person who made the certification, the party |
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1079 | 1052 | | on whose behalf the request, response or objection is made, or both, |
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1080 | 1053 | | an appropriate sanction, which may include an order to pay to the |
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1114 | 1086 | | 1. "Commercial litigation funder" means any person or entity, |
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1115 | 1087 | | other than an attorney permitted to charge a c ontingent fee for |
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1116 | 1088 | | representing a party, that enters into a contract establishing a |
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1117 | 1089 | | right to receive compensation that is contingent on and sourced from |
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1118 | 1090 | | any proceeds of the civil action by settlement, judgment, or |
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1119 | 1091 | | otherwise. Commercial litigation funder shall not include a |
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1120 | 1092 | | consumer litigation funder as defined in Section 3 -801 of Title 14A |
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1121 | 1093 | | of the Oklahoma Statutes; and |
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1122 | 1094 | | 2. "Commercial litigation funding agreeme nt" means an agreement |
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1123 | 1095 | | under which the commercial litigation funder is granted a right to |
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1124 | 1096 | | receive compensation contingent on and sourced from any proceeds of |
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1125 | 1097 | | a civil action by settlement, judgment, or otherwise. A commercial |
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1126 | 1098 | | litigation funding agreement s hall not include: |
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1127 | 1099 | | a. legal representation services provided on a |
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1128 | 1100 | | contingency fee basis or legal costs advanced by a |
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1129 | 1101 | | legal representative where such services or costs are |
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1130 | 1102 | | provided to or on behalf of a client by an attorney |
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1131 | 1103 | | representing the party in the disp ute and in |
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