Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'county development districts'
Page 20 of 57
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm the Chambers County Commissioner for Precinct 3.
- and Chambers Liberty County Navigation Districts, and we
- attorney in Maverick County, at a very early age.
- Picked up 200 yesterday in a district.
- I represent 11 counties, and my district had 12 fatalities
Bills:
HB341, HB791, HB1564, HB1695, HB1722, HB1729, HB1772, HB2003, HB2954, HB2989, HB3084, HB3134, HB3135, HB3309, HB3611, HB3679, HB3727, HB3832
Keywords:
affordable housing, zoning, development, community support, local regulations, bicycle lanes, traffic collisions, Texas Department of Transportation, study, public safety, traffic collisions, bicycles, electric bicycles, scooters, road safety, bicycle lanes, transportation study, Texas Department of Transportation, healthcare, funding
Summary:
The committee meeting included significant discussions surrounding several bills, particularly focusing on infrastructure projects and their implications for the community. House Bill 2989 initiated a dialogue around modernizing the legal framework for Cedarport National Park, which is vital for enhancing maritime transport and reducing truck traffic. Supporters emphasized the economic benefits and the project's potential to create a more efficient and sustainable transport network, highlighting testimonies from local officials who noted the bill's importance for regional growth and safety. Representative Metcalfe and others advocated strongly for the bill, underscoring its necessity in addressing the increasing container demand due to recent shifts in shipping patterns.
The meeting was well-attended and included various testimonies for and against bills, showcasing the passionate involvement of community members and stakeholders. One key point mentioned was the need for grade separations to improve safety around railway crossings. In particular, concerns were raised about the impact of long trains blocking intersections in residential areas, prompting discussions about potential solutions. Overall, the meeting highlighted the ongoing collaboration between legislators, industry representatives, and community leaders to enhance infrastructure and ensure public safety.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Higher Education Apr 29th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Higher Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- HB3475 authorizes a public law school in El Paso County.
- Yours says the Rio Grande Valley; you know, another bill says El Paso County.
- He's in Collin County, so I've spent the past four years doing everything I can.
- I also look at my county, Calhoun County, the county that I live in.
- So have you developed something? You mentioned Tucker's Law. So we've actually put together...
Bills:
HB1784, HB2088, HB3062, HB3475, HB3741, HB4279, HB4763, HB5154, HB5294, HB5508, SB1401, HB232
Keywords:
students, homeless, foster care, higher education, liaison officer, housing assistance, transition support, law school, higher education, Rio Grande Valley, legal education, public university, accreditation, fentanyl prevention, drug poisoning awareness, higher education, mental health resources, substance abuse education, law school, higher education
Summary:
The committee meeting led by Chair Wilson focused on higher education legislation, notably addressing bills related to tuition fee exemptions, financial assistance for students, and combating fentanyl abuse on campuses. Significant discussions revolved around HB1527, which proposes fee exemptions for peace officers at public institutions, and HB3062, aimed at implementing educational initiatives to raise awareness of fentanyl dangers among students. Several representatives expressed support for these measures, citing the crucial need for educational programs to combat substance abuse and provide equitable access to education.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Land & Resource Management Mar 6th, 2025 at 08:03 am
House Land & Resource Management Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- development.
- When it comes to single-family development and multifamily development, it all triggers from the cost
- , especially Municipal Utility Districts (MUDs).
- of commissioners have expressed concern about more development.
- And a lot of people are wanting to move into our district. It's a pretty great district.
Keywords:
housing affordability, Texas population growth, regulatory burdens, development processes, land use, supply shortage, collaboration, testimony, legislative measures
Summary:
The Committee on Land and Resource Management convened to address pressing issues surrounding housing affordability in Texas. Central to the discussions was the testimony of various stakeholders, including housing developers, local officials, and advocates who highlighted an acute shortage of over 300,000 homes due to rapid population growth. The committee explored legislative measures aimed at reducing regulatory burdens that contribute significantly to housing costs, particularly related to the development and construction processes. A theme of collaboration with local governments and state agencies was a pivotal point, emphasizing the need for an organized approach to address housing supply while balancing local infrastructural concerns.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Joint Hearing: Senate and House Select Committees on Disaster Preparedness and Flooding Jul 23rd, 2025
Texas Senate Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Friday, July 4th, is when thunderstorms begin to develop right over Kerr County, and that's when the
- Because in so many jurisdictions, especially in western Texas, Senator, in your district, the county
- We received comments from cities, counties, regional water authorities, drainage districts, engineering
- But as Tara mentioned, our district does not include Kerr County.
- That's correct, but those staff also develop those relationships with those county emergency managers
Keywords:
flooding, emergency response, communication systems, first responders, disaster management, Texas Water Development Board, regional planning, public safety
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on discussions around the recent floods in Texas, specifically addressing emergency preparedness, response coordination, and recovery efforts. Officials from various agencies provided testimonies on the challenges faced during the emergency, including issues with communication systems among first responders. Notably, the need for improved inter-agency communication and technology integration was emphasized, with recommendations for establishing regional communications units for better coordination during disasters. The audience included local government representatives and emergency management partners, who shared insights and experiences from the recent flooding events.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Natural Resources Jul 15th, 2025 at 01:07 pm
House Natural Resources Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- As was mentioned, Houston County has no groundwater conservation district.
- Information from a district, but for a non-district county
- Smith County as well, including some of the counties that are in the groundwater conservation districts
- The lack of a groundwater district for Houston County is not quite unique to Houston County.
- I'm from a county that doesn't have a groundwater conservation district.
Keywords:
groundwater management, high-capacity wells, legislation, water rights, Texas Water Development Board, export permits, community engagement, sustainability
Summary:
The meeting of the Texas House Natural Resources Committee was focused on issues surrounding groundwater management and recent legislative developments, specifically addressing concerns over high-capacity groundwater wells. Various experts and community members provided testimony emphasizing the need for thoughtful regulation to balance conservation and property rights. The discussions highlighted the necessity for legislative action to strengthen regulations, manage groundwater sustainably, and clarify the criteria for issuing export permits. Notably, the overwhelming participation from local residents showcased the community's commitment to addressing these critical water issues, which will have long-term implications for the region's land and resources. The meeting concluded with calls for further review of groundwater regulations with the intent to come up with effective solutions that prioritize the needs of local communities while ensuring sustainable water practices.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- The school district gets, you know, all the school districts in a given county get proportionate votes
- So, there are circumstances where the school districts in the county can have a significant influence
- come anything close to having control unless it's a single county school district.
- that are recapture districts—four districts in total.
- The water in unincorporated Harris County is either managed by a Municipal Utility District (MUD).
Keywords:
Texas Water Development Board, water planning process, flood mitigation, state water plan, infrastructure, community needs, collaborative approach, drought
Summary:
The meeting focused on significant discussions surrounding the Texas state water planning process and flood mitigation efforts. During the session, experts presented on the need for an adaptive and collaborative approach to manage Texas's water resources. A particular emphasis was placed on the upcoming updates to the state water plan, which aims to address projected shortages and enhance infrastructure to handle both drought and flood conditions. The collaboration involved regional groups who play a vital role in identifying community needs regarding water infrastructure development.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Business meeting to consider an original resolution authorizing expenditures by the committee during the 119th Congress. Feb 19th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
Keywords:
spectrum policy, FCC auction authority, national security, innovation, technology development, 9-1-1 modernization, adaptive technologies, China competition
Summary:
The meeting centered on the critical examination of spectrum policy and its implications for innovation and national security. The committee discussed the lapse of the FCC's spectrum auction authority, which has been in effect since March 2023, emphasizing the urgency of restoring this authority to maintain U.S. technological leadership against competitors like China. Witnesses provided testimony regarding the need for adaptive and reconfigurable spectrum technologies to enhance communication capabilities for both civilian and military applications. Senator Klobuchar highlighted the importance of modernizing 9-1-1 systems and ensuring robust emergency communication frameworks leveraging new spectrum innovations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Environmental Regulation Mar 27th, 2025 at 10:03 am
House Environmental Regulation Committee
Keywords:
alternative fueling, grants, environment, public accessibility, transit authorities, low-income assistance, vehicle repair, vehicle retirement, environmental program, fund distribution, low-income, vehicle repair, fund distribution, environmental standards, county participation, vehicle repair, low income, environmental program, fund distribution, retirement program
Summary:
The meeting included significant discussions on multiple bills, focusing on environmental concerns and public safety. Key agenda items included HB2546, which aims to extend eligibility for certain school buses under the Clean School Bus Program, and SB4, which received testimony from various stakeholders supporting its passage. Members engaged in spirited debates about the implications of the legislation, particularly the impact on local communities and resources. Notably, instances of public testimony provided valuable insights, reflecting community perspectives that were both in favor and against the proposed measures. The committee chair facilitated discussions, ensuring that each member had the opportunity to voice their concerns and opinions.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Senate Committee on Criminal Justice Mar 25th, 2025 at 08:00 am
Senate Criminal Justice Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- and your district.
- Attorney, Dallas County.
- County District Attorney's Office.
- In my county alone, scores of property.
- In my experience practicing in Travis County...
Bills:
SB693, SB781, SB836, SB860, SB906, SB993, SB1101, SB1321, SB1370, SB1537, SB1563, SB1610, SB1637
Keywords:
law enforcement, employee records, confidentiality, misconduct, department files, victims, sexual offenses, human trafficking, confidentiality, pseudonym, evidence, criminal justice, oversight committee, legislative reform, government accountability, state governance, tribal authority, peace officers, law enforcement, Ysleta del Sur Pueblo
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Criminal Justice convened to deliberate several bills aimed at enhancing the protection of victims in cases of sexual assault and human trafficking. The meeting featured discussions on Senate Bills SB781, SB836, and SB1610, which introduced measures to improve the criminal justice processes related to these serious offenses. Senator King and other members emphasized the necessity of providing law enforcement with the tools needed to combat these crimes while simultaneously safeguarding victims' rights and privacy during trials. Notably, SB836 proposed significant changes that would prevent live streaming of sexual assault trials without consent to protect the dignity of victims, while SB781 sought to standardize the confidentiality of peace officers' personal information to enhance their safety.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Justice (Part I) Mar 25th, 2025
Senate Criminal Justice Committee
Bills:
SB693, SB781, SB836, SB860, SB906, SB993, SB1101, SB1321, SB1370, SB1537, SB1563, SB1610, SB1637
Keywords:
law enforcement, employee records, confidentiality, misconduct, department files, victims, sexual offenses, human trafficking, confidentiality, pseudonym, evidence, criminal justice, oversight committee, legislative reform, government accountability, state governance, tribal authority, peace officers, law enforcement, Ysleta del Sur Pueblo
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Criminal Justice convened to discuss a series of critical bills aimed at enhancing public safety and protecting victims of sexual assault and human trafficking. Chairman Flores emphasized the intent to streamline legislation to provide better support for victims while holding offenders accountable. Notably, the committee reviewed Senate Bill 836, which aims to bolster privacy protections for sexual assault survivors during legal proceedings, and Senate Bill 781, which seeks to standardize the confidentiality of peace officers' personal information. Throughout the discussions, several witnesses provided testimony both in favor of and opposing the bills, highlighting the delicate balance between public transparency and individual privacy rights.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- the Chambers County District Attorney's Office and others to testify.
- Prosecutors across the state of Texas, including the County District Attorney's Office, Dallas County
- I'm the elected district attorney for Galveston County.
- Probably one of the most ardent judges in the county when he was a first assistant became a district
- I represent the Dallas County Criminal District Attorney's Office.
Bills:
SB330, SB663, SB1020, SB1152, SB1164, SB1896, SB2111, SB2196, SB2383, SB2581, SB2797, SB2798, SB2371
Keywords:
county funding, prosecutors' offices, elections, law enforcement, local government, community supervision, budget approval, corrections department, strategic plan, judicial oversight, emergency protection, arrest information, victim rights, magistrate duties, criminal procedure, emergency protection, legal order, victim protection, criminal justice, Texas legislation
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Criminal Justice covered a range of legislative measures focusing primarily on the improvement of mental health services and clarifying procedural aspects of emergency detention for individuals experiencing mental illness. Key bills, such as SB1164, which aims to enhance emergency detention procedures, were discussed. Testimonies from both supporters and critics highlighted the need for clear standards in mental health emergencies to ensure that due process is maintained while providing necessary care. The committee also addressed concerns around legislation impacting community supervision and administration, exemplified by SB663, and how it could streamline budget processes for local agencies. Overall, the discussions emphasized balancing public safety with mental health needs and ensuring fair representation in the judicial process.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
An oversight hearing to examine Native communities' priorities for the 119th Congress. Feb 12th, 2025 at 01:30 pm
Senate Indian Affairs Committee
Keywords:
tribal sovereignty, healthcare, education, public safety, Economic Development, Tax Parity Act, PROTECT Act, trust obligations, bipartisan support, Indian Health Services
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on crucial issues facing tribal nations, particularly emphasizing the federal government's trust and treaty obligations. The discussions highlighted ongoing challenges such as disparities in healthcare, education, and public safety within Native communities. Chair Murkowski underscored the importance of listening to Native leaders and aligning congressional efforts with community needs, advocating for legislative actions that support tribal sovereignty and economic development. Various initiatives, including the Tax Parity Act and the PROTECT Act, aimed at addressing jurisdictional and financial disparities, were discussed in detail. A call for bipartisan support to alleviate the funding shortages affecting Indian Health Services was made several times during the meeting. Testimonies from tribal leaders and representatives emphasized the dire need for legislative support to enhance infrastructure, healthcare access, and public safety initiatives in tribal communities.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Senate Committee on Education K-16 Apr 3rd, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Education K-16 Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- that has partnerships within nine counties throughout the Texas Gulf Coast.
- 3,000 acres for development, and we are situated extremely
- They are glad to see you're here, as well as the members of the Economic Development.
- I support Jack Wu; he's vice president of business development.
- Born and raised in Victoria and Jackson counties, I am the
Bills:
SB530, SB757, SB769, SB1085, SB1241, SB1242, SB1409, SB1878, SB2138, SB2314, SB2231, SB2361, SB2431, SJR59
Keywords:
accreditation, postsecondary education, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, baccalaureate degrees, junior colleges, program delivery, faculty recruitment, higher education, performance standards, student loan debt, degree programs, funding, higher education, students with disabilities, accessibility, enrollment, report, Texas State Technical College System, land acquisition, facilities development
Summary:
The meeting focused on significant education reform, particularly the transition of the University of Houston-Victoria into the Texas A&M system. Senator Kohlkorst led the discussions, highlighting the historical context of the partnership and the challenges ahead in transitioning governance, especially regarding accreditation and technical support. Community leaders expressed their support, emphasizing the need for alignment with regional industry needs to enhance educational programs that would ultimately benefit both students and the local economy. Notably, testimony from James Hallmark and Dwayne Crocker highlighted both the potential growth for the region and the collaborative spirit of the involved institutions in implementing this transition.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Apr 23rd, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Committee
Transcript Highlights:
The Committee on Trade, Workforce, and Economic Development will now
- You can get more developers involved.
- Actually, we have a center in your district.
- In consultations with county and district clerks, we will have a committee.
- We show you registered as John Warren, testifying on behalf of the county and district clerks association
Bills:
HB2226, HB2269, HB2343, HB2760, HB3621, HB4079, HB4204, HB4518, HB4531, HB4555, HB4850, HB4903, HB4996, HB5122, HB4876
Keywords:
property owners association, landscaping, grass maintenance, sustainability, water conservation, shrimp, restaurants, food service, imported shrimp, domestic shrimp, consumer protection, notice requirements, judicial review, Texas Workforce Commission, unemployment compensation, legal proceedings, labor law, ticket sales, event tickets, transparency
Summary:
Additionally, the committee reviewed HB4531, aiming to protect property owners from fraudulent ownership claims, which generated extensive discussions on real estate fraud and the support mechanisms for citizens lacking legal representation. Testimonies from various stakeholders pointed out the bill's potential to streamline the process for dispute resolution and protect vulnerable property owners, furthering the overarching goal of ensuring justice and accountability within the property systems. The committee concluded with the discussion of HB4903, which seeks to enhance workforce support through better child care initiatives.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Apr 30th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Trade, Workforce & Economic Development Committee
Transcript Highlights:
So distraught, she called the Dallas County District
- , Rockwall County, and others.
- I am the clerk for Dallas County.
- I'm also the president of the County and District Clerks Association and I'm representing 243 of my colleagues
- We show you registered as John Warren, testifying on behalf of the County and District Clerks Association
Bills:
HB1958, HB2031, HB2879, HB3285, HB3995, HB4487, HB4558, HB4560, HB4876, HB4899, HB5212, HB5317, HB5543, HB5567, SB1333
Keywords:
firearm possession, tenant rights, landlord regulations, civil penalties, property code, justified use of force, deadly force, property rights, tenant rights, landlord regulations, home defense, smart devices, data privacy, personal data collection, user consent, mobile application, data transparency, online sales, clothing, bot usage
Summary:
The Committee on Trade, Workforce, and Employment held a meeting focused on various bills related to workforce development, consumer protection, and business regulations. Notably, HB5317, aimed at establishing a self-insured retention fund to lower insurance costs for state agencies, received significant attention, with discussions on its potential fiscal benefits. The committee also reviewed bills concerning unemployment benefits, regulation of food service surcharges, and property rights for homeowners, particularly in the context of water conservation amid ongoing drought conditions. Public testimony highlighted concerns over transparency in mandatory fees charged by food service establishments, with stakeholders advocating for clearer disclosures to protect consumer trust.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Higher Education Apr 29th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Higher Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- universities have become targets of foreign governments to acquire technology and research being developed
- HB 475 authorizes a public law school in El Paso County.
- Yours says the Rio Grande Valley; however, another bill says El Paso County.
- Collin County, the county that I live in, I look at the schools that have...
- So have you developed something? You mentioned Tucker's Law. So we've actually put together...
Bills:
HB1784, HB2088, HB3062, HB3475, HB3741, HB4279, HB4763, HB5154, HB5294, HB5508, SB1401, HB232
Keywords:
students, homeless, foster care, higher education, liaison officer, housing assistance, transition support, law school, higher education, Rio Grande Valley, legal education, public university, accreditation, fentanyl prevention, drug poisoning awareness, higher education, mental health resources, substance abuse education, law school, higher education
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on various House Bills related to higher education and public safety, with notable discussions surrounding House Bill 1234 concerning credentialing at public institutions. Representative Perez highlighted the importance of this bill in ensuring that institutions encourage the earning of credentials of value. Additionally, the committee reviewed House Bill 1233 and House Bill 1527, both of which received favorable recommendations for passage, showcasing a commitment to enhancing educational opportunities for specific groups, including peace officers. The discussions were lively, with support and challenges presented on various bills, indicating a thorough examination of proposed legislation.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- You develop your own with it.
- So we'll be covering a lot of the state of Texas at the independent school districts, cities, and county
- and every House district.
- In which county?
- Orange County is small; we probably have 85,000 people, but we have five school districts right there
Bills:
SB1
Keywords:
appropriations, budget, state funding, education, healthcare, infrastructure, higher education funding, STEM programs, opioid crisis, budget requests, workforce development, community colleges, infrastructure
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was primarily focused on budget requests and legislative priorities from various educational institutions. Each institution expressed the need for increased funding to support academic programs, STEM education, and critical health initiatives. For instance, representatives from UT Dallas highlighted the importance of their Fentanyl Protection Initiative and advances in pain therapy, reaffirming their commitment to combat the opioid crisis in Texas. Other notable discussions included the need for updates to campus infrastructure and the request for new programs aimed at enhancing workforce development across various fields, particularly healthcare and technology. Topics such as the restoration of Institutional Enhancement Funds and the increase of appropriations for research initiatives were also extensively discussed. The meeting concluded with a call for collaboration among universities to strengthen Texas's overall higher education landscape.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Economic DevelopmentAudio only. May 13th, 2025
Senate Economic Development Committee
Transcript Highlights:
Senate Economic Development Committee will come to order.
Keywords:
Senate Economic Development Committee, House Bill 4187, Senate Bill 2603, Senate Bill 2607, committee substitutes, favorable recommendations, local calendar, uncontested bills
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Economic Development Committee included significant discussions around several bills, notably House Bill 4187, Senate Bill 2603, and Senate Bill 2607, all of which received favorable votes for progression to the full Senate. Senator Sparks played a prominent role, advocating for the adoption of committee substitutes for several bills and successfully moving them for favorable recommendations. There was a clear focus on ensuring legislative items were being addressed efficiently, as evidenced by the discussions on local and uncontested calendars to streamline processes.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I wanted to commend your district engineers that work with our counties, especially our rural counties
- I wanted to commend your district engineers that work with our counties, especially our rural counties
- I wanted to commend your district engineers that work with our counties, especially our rural counties
Your district engineers that work with our counties
Your district engineers that work with our counties
Bills:
SB1
Keywords:
appropriations, budget, state funding, education, healthcare, infrastructure, transportation funding, highway projects, housing programs, legislative support, public testimony, driver education, homeless youth, infrastructure development
Summary:
The committee meeting addressed various pressing issues, notably the funding and appropriations for transportation and housing programs. Presentations focused on $40.4 billion in funding for highway projects, which is directed towards construction, maintenance, and infrastructure development for the upcoming biennium. Discussions highlighted the importance of addressing the capacity for project delivery amid increasing demands due to population growth and increased vehicle miles traveled in Texas. Additionally, Senator Hinojosa pushed for clarifying the funding available for driver education programs, especially for homeless and foster youth, which underscored a need for legislative support to ensure adequate resource allocation. Public testimonies lent depth to these discussions, presenting the human impact of legislative decisions.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Mar 19th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- They have now developed substantial expertise in the area of criminal law.
- The federal district judge cannot be either, if you're asking for one of these.
- And for those in our Harris County delegation, our county alone has the fourth highest population in
- I grew up in a small town, Hominy, in Osage County.
- He turned himself in to authorities just two days ago in Osage County.
Keywords:
civil liability, self-defense, force, deadly force, legal immunity, attorney's fees, criminal justice, firearms, liability, veterans, gun ownership, immunity, firearm hold agreement, civil liability, sexual abuse, nondisclosure, confidentiality, public policy, Trey's Law, parental rights
Summary:
The committee meeting centered around the discussions of three key bills: HB865, HB1928, and HB748. Notably, HB865, presented by Speaker Moody, received significant attention as it aims to clarify liability protections for federal firearms licensees, emphasizing its importance for supporting veterans' mental health and safety. Testimonies were provided by various stakeholders, including city council members and law enforcement representatives, who underscored the pressing need for legislative support in the wake of alarming suicide rates among veterans. The committee engaged in comprehensive discussions, highlighting the bill’s potential impact on improving public safety and mental health support within the veteran community.
Throughout the session, the committee showed commitment to addressing issues within the statutory probate court system as well, referring HB1928 directly to a relevant subcommittee for further evaluation. The meeting concluded with a strong emphasis on collaboration among committee members and public input, setting the stage for further review and action on these significant legislative proposals. Overall, the meeting was efficient and well-attended, with active participation from both committee members and the public.