Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'mental health resources'
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TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Gender dysphoria is a mental illness.
- health treatment to address his mental illness.
- There are mentally ill men who think they're women, and there are mentally ill women who think they're
- First, being a robust health care safety net, including the comprehensive sexual and reproductive health
- While I've heard much about the dangers of abortion and how it leaves women in mental health crises,
Keywords:
abortion, abortion-inducing drugs, qui tam actions, state law, health care, medical emergency, legal liability, women's privacy, gender designation, civil enforcement, facility access, sex-based regulations, women's privacy, gender, sex designations, civil penalties, legal rights, public facilities, HB7, SB8
Summary:
Simultaneously, SB8 initiated thorough debates over privacy and safety concerns in public restrooms. Supporters argued for the necessity of maintaining biologically separated spaces to protect women and children, while opponents highlighted the discrimination and potential harm caused to transgender individuals. Various stakeholders, including business representatives and community activists, voiced their opposition to SB8, emphasizing its negative implications for Texas's reputation as a welcoming state. The session concluded without any definitive resolutions, with both bills remaining pending for further consideration.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- encourages Texans, restaurants, chefs, and food establishments to adopt the national policy to protect the health
Keywords:
Pflugerville, Trail Capital, health and wellness, outdoor recreation, community connectivity, patriotism, town designation, community engagement, Trophy Club, Texas Town of Patriotism, Mineola, Sweets Capital, Texas, local economy, cultural identity, community events, Texas beef, cattle industry, agricultural heritage, Texas strip steak
Summary:
The Senate Committee on Administration convened to discuss SCR46, a resolution aimed at renaming the 'New York Strip Steak' to 'Texas Strip Steak' in tribute to Texas's significant agricultural heritage. Senator Sparks presented the resolution, emphasizing Texas's position as the number one beef cattle producer in the United States. The discussion highlighted the importance of the beef industry in Texas, with an emphasis on the economic contributions and cultural significance of ranchers and farmers in shaping local cuisine. The meeting also allowed for public testimony, which indicated strong community interest in the matter.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Apr 28th, 2025 at 09:04 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I don't know the number of members on these health plans that would be impacted by this.
- We do have a resource witness.
OK.
- It reduces barriers to health care and also reduces state costs.
- Well, I'm here as a resource witness. I don't have any prepared testimony.
- There are two tiers in our pension plan, which is in the resource material you should have.
Keywords:
healthcare, direct primary care, insurance deductibles, Texas Health Benefit Plans, telemedicine, police retirement, disability pension, municipalities, law enforcement, retirement benefits, retirement, beneficiary, Employees Retirement System of Texas, divorce decree, beneficiary designation, Veterans' Land Board, general obligation bonds, constitutional amendment, veterans, housing assistance
Summary:
The committee meeting was centered on the discussion of various bills, notably focusing on House Bill 3521, which aims to enhance retention incentives for police officers in Houston. Chairman Harless opened discussions highlighting the urgency of the bill due to staffing challenges within the Houston Police Department. Testimonies were given by several members of the police department and pension fund representatives, stipulating the need for actionable changes to prevent a significant exodus of experienced officers. The bill was met with supportive testimony that underscored the precarious staffing situation and the necessity for improved retention strategies. Following deliberations, the bill remained pending for further review.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Members, we do have… Resource witness from Secretary of State
- Any questions for the witness resource?
- By supporting this bill, we can take a meaningful step towards protecting the health of our youth.
- Senators, we also have a resource witness from the Attorney General's office.
- Does anybody have questions at this point for the resource witness?
Keywords:
municipal libraries, state funding, gender identity, public events, children's literature, presidential electors, election process, voting, Texas Election Code, legislation, federal directives, state rights, constitutional authority, legislative power, enforcement prohibition, Tenth Amendment, attorney general, legal defense, district attorney, county attorney
Summary:
The Senate Committee on State Affairs convened to discuss several legislative measures, notably focusing on youth protection regarding the sale of nitrous oxide and regulations pertaining to 'Drag Queen Story Hours' in public libraries. SB666 aims to prevent the sale of nitrous oxide to individuals under 21, highlighting its health risks, particularly on developing brains. Public health advocates supported the bill, emphasizing the necessity for age restrictions and mandatory state registrations for retailers. The testimony underscored significant concern about the accessibility of nitrous oxide for minors and the urgent need for regulation to mitigate associated health risks.
Additionally, SB18 addressed issues related to drag queen performances in libraries, aiming to restrict public funding for libraries that host such events. This proposal stemmed from safety concerns following reports of inappropriate participants being involved in children's activities. The committee displayed a collaborative spirit, with bipartisan support for the bills aimed at safeguarding children from potentially harmful influences. The meeting concluded with plans for public testimony in the next session, indicating ongoing engagement with community perspectives.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Healthcare facilities in Midland alone put $100 million of local dollars last year for behavioral health
- We built, as I mentioned, two behavioral health hospitals with beds out there, and we're about completed
- Behavioral health hospitals, we built the first one, which was half and half; the state put up half,
- public education and health care in those regions so that
- We have the Comptroller's Office here as a resource.
Keywords:
fund allocation, economic stabilization, state highway fund, Grow Texas, infrastructure funding, oil and gas production, Grow Texas fund, economic stabilization, infrastructure, oil and gas, constitutional amendment, severance tax, oil and gas, Texas STRONG defense fund, economic stabilization, funding, public health, workforce development, revenue transfer, infrastructure
Summary:
The meeting primarily centered around significant discussions regarding various bills, including HB188, HB265, HJR35, and HJR47. Members highlighted the pressing need for infrastructure improvements in the energy-producing regions of Texas, particularly focusing on the economic contributions and challenges faced by local communities impacted by the oil and gas industry. The committee witnessed a strong show of support for House Bill 188 from representatives who stressed its importance for reinvesting severance tax revenues back into communities that greatly contribute to the state’s economy. Testimonies from local economic development officials and community leaders reinforced the necessity of these investments for ensuring long-term growth and sustainability.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
89th Legislative Session - First Called Session Aug 12th, 2025 at 10:08 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Keywords:
disaster response, emergency management, mass fatality, justices of the peace, training programs, emergency manager license, volunteer management, disaster response, mass fatality, emergency management, justice of the peace training, volunteer management, criminal history checks, state health services, emergency communication, interoperability, grant program, first responders, state council, emergency communication
Summary:
In this meeting of the legislative committee, members gathered to discuss pressing issues, including critical flood response legislation that could significantly impact families and communities affected by recent disasters. Despite the efforts to address these urgent matters, a quorum was not present, preventing any formal actions from being taken. The absence of a sufficient number of members meant that discussions were limited and centered around logistics for the upcoming sessions to ensure that necessary votes could be conducted in the near future. The chairman expressed concerns about the operational costs related to these absences and emphasized the continuous tracking of taxpayer dollars being spent in response to the critical situations faced by communities.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- ="10" data-time="54"> The Hospital District was established in May of 2013 to oversee and support health
- Chairman, I think we also have Charlie Fritz with TCEQ as a resource.
The bill passed out of the House Land and Resource
Neighbors would be forced to live next to a health
- The chair calls Paul Pennington, Jim Popp, and Allison Mansfield as resource witnesses.
Bills:
SB2784, HB23, HB247, HB1533, HB2011, HB2013, HB2273, HB2421, HB2464, HB3120, HB3424, HB3575, HB3788, HB4370, HB4809, HB5057, HB5084, HB5534, HB5668, HJR34
Keywords:
Somervell County, hospital district, board of directors, elections, local governance, staggered terms, third-party review, property development, local government, permits, construction inspection, regulatory authority, land development, liability, occupancy certificate, border security, tax exemption, ad valorem, real property, infrastructure
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on a range of bills covering various legislative matters. Notably, bills concerning property rights, environmental sustainability, and public safety were debated prominently. HB2011 was presented and discussed in detail, with supporters highlighting its importance for ensuring property owners can repurchase their land if it has been acquired through eminent domain without due payments of property taxes. Furthermore, Senator Cook emphasized the need for accountability in the process while several senators expressed concerns regarding potential unintended consequences of new laws affecting local jurisdictions and public safety standards. Public testimony was also received from stakeholders both in support and against various bills, reflecting a diverse range of views on the proposed legislation. In addition to HB2011, several other bills, including HB4809 and HB2421, moved forward with recommendations for passage and were set for future calendars.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Apr 8th, 2025 at 10:00 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- an accountant, and there are rules that impact my profession, but also I have to comply with the health
- an accountant, and there are rules that impact my profession, but also I have to comply with the health
- an accountant, and there are rules that impact my profession, but also I have to comply with the health
- an accountant, and there are rules that impact my profession, but also I have to comply with the health
- The institute advances health equity and economic justice.
Keywords:
open meetings, public notice, transparency, government efficiency, taxpayer impact, water infrastructure, bonds, economically distressed areas, financial assistance, water supply, public information, government transparency, civil penalty, recordkeeping, election reports, prosecutor salary, state funding, judicial district, government employees, salary cap
Summary:
During this committee meeting, a range of bills were discussed, focusing primarily on public safety and community health issues. There were significant conversations surrounding HB3159, where members raised concerns about its implications for local law enforcement practices. The bill drew various opinions from committee members, with some supporting its approach to funding police training, while others questioned its efficacy in addressing community needs. Additionally, there was an emphasis on testimony from community representatives, who expressed both support and opposition, enriching the discourse around the proposed legislation.
TX
Keywords:
deaf-blind, co-navigation services, communication accessibility, assistive services, Texas Health and Human Services Commission, advocacy, insurable interest, individuals with disabilities, life insurance, care providers, insurance regulations, child protection, neglect, parent-child relationship, Family Code, Department of Family and Protective Services, healthcare decisions, low-THC cannabis, immunization, nonviolent misdemeanors
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused on HB64, a significant bill aimed at supporting the DeafBlind community in Texas. Representative Gonzalez presented the bill, highlighting its importance for approximately 2,700 Texans who are deaf and blind. Co-navigators are critical for these individuals to navigate daily life, attending medical appointments and grocery shopping. Gonzalez emphasized that the bill has previously passed through the committee and the House but faced challenges in the Senate. The intent is to ensure its passage this time, as it aligns with the governor's committee on people with disabilities' priorities. The discussion included testimony from several witnesses advocating for the bill, underscoring its impact on the community.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education Apr 3rd, 2025 at 08:00 am
House S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education
Transcript Highlights:
- to uniformly produce workplace-ready health professionals.
- Health care workforce shortage.
- 6 million Texans living in areas that lack adequate access to health care providers.
- Are there resources to cover any costs that might be incurred by providing resources?
I work at a mental health agency for kids and families
Keywords:
bullying, antisemitism, school policies, school discipline, education, antisemitism, bullying, education policy, school discipline, Texas Education Code, bullying, antisemitism, education policy, school discipline, hate speech, antisemitism, bullying, school discipline, education policy, hate speech
Summary:
The meeting focused on several significant bills, notably House Bill 2189, which aims to address healthcare workforce challenges in Texas. Representative Howard presented the bill, emphasizing its components that seek to align educational programs and reduce duplication of efforts for students entering the healthcare field. The discussion included concerns regarding the costs associated with advancements in technology for training programs, with suggestions to share laboratory resources between schools and higher education institutions. Public testimony supported the need for a cohesive strategy to prepare Texas students for careers in healthcare while addressing the shortage of qualified professionals in the state.
Another important bill discussed was House Bill 295, aimed at expanding the definition of bullying in school policies to include anti-Semitic actions. Chairman Shaheen highlighted the increase in anti-Semitic incidents and reiterated the importance of creating a safe learning environment. The bill garnered bipartisan support, with testimonies reflecting a deep concern over rising hate incidents. The meeting concluded with a commitment to address the urgency of these legislative issues and ensure quality education and safety for all Texas students.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Health reasons, for mental health reasons, for medications
- We deal with riots in the mental health system.
- There are many harmful protocols that cause more harm than health.
- Why are we penalizing parents who are truly advocating for health, for better health care opportunities
- , mental health, food insecurity, unemployment, and basic survival needs.
Keywords:
deaf-blind, co-navigation services, communication accessibility, assistive services, Texas Health and Human Services Commission, advocacy, insurable interest, individuals with disabilities, life insurance, care providers, insurance regulations, child protection, neglect, parent-child relationship, Family Code, Department of Family and Protective Services, healthcare decisions, low-THC cannabis, immunization, nonviolent misdemeanors
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on three significant bills: HB1151, HB1155, and HB1041. A notable discussion arose surrounding HB1151, which aims to protect parental rights regarding medical decisions for children, especially in foster care settings. Supporters highlighted concerns about coercive practices by Child Protective Services that could label parents as neglectful for refusing certain medical treatments. Several witnesses testified in favor of the bill, emphasizing the need for parents to retain autonomy over their children's medical care. There was also a compelling narrative shared regarding a family's struggle with the complexities of health decisions under CPS supervision, further underscoring the importance of this legislation.
The committee also reviewed HB1155, aimed at providing temporary financial assistance to economically disadvantaged families who have completed their service plans for the reunification of children removed by the Department of Family and Protective Services. The sentiment in favor of this bill echoed the challenges faced by families trying to navigate the system while meeting their basic needs. Furthermore, HB1041 was discussed, which seeks to prevent non-family caregivers from being named beneficiaries on life insurance policies of individuals under their care, highlighting a moral obligation to protect vulnerable populations.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on County & Regional Government May 5th, 2025 at 10:05 am
House S/C on County & Regional Government
Transcript Highlights:
- and stress to my health.
Keywords:
parking, county courthouse, infrastructure, local government, public safety, housing, homelessness, county fee, housing initiatives, local government, emergency shelter, rapid rehousing, Texas legislation, constable, salary assistance, grants, rural law enforcement, law enforcement funding, noise regulations, county authority
Summary:
The committee meeting convened to address a series of bills aimed at enhancing public safety, addressing homelessness, and improving governance associated with county purchasing agents. Key discussions revolved around HB3205, which seeks to implement a County Housing First Initiative to combat homelessness by allowing counties to create a dedicated funding source for such initiatives. Representative Campos presented compelling evidence supporting the efficacy of Housing First programs, citing substantial improvements in housing stability and quality of life for participants. The bill received favorable testimonies from various stakeholders, emphasizing its crucial role in tackling homelessness in Texas.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Business meeting to consider S.527, to require the Federal Trade Commission to study the role of intermediaries in the pharmaceutical supply chain and provide Congress with appropriate policy recommendations, S.1040, to amend the Federal Trade Commis Apr 3rd, 2025 at 09:15 am
Senate Judiciary Committee
Keywords:
drug competition, product hopping, generic drugs, biosimilars, federal regulations, FTC Act, patent, biological products, healthcare access, affordable prescriptions, Medicare, Federal Trade Commission, generic drugs, biosimilars, sham petitions, competition, public health, unfair competition, healthcare, pharmaceutical
Summary:
The meeting focused on addressing the high cost of prescription drugs and the abusive practices that contribute to elevated prices affecting American families. Several bills were presented, including proposals to end pay-for-delay deals and to enhance transparency in the operations of pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs). The discussion was notable for its emphasis on consumer protection and ensuring that cheaper generic drugs reach the market more effectively. Members expressed frustration over past attempts to pass similar legislation stalling in the Senate, leading to renewed efforts to push these bills forward.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- and it's the flagship institution for Texas Tech, including Texas Tech University and Texas Tech Health
- that draws strength from its agribusiness, manufacturing, oil, and gas, as well as its education and health
- data-time="1188"> Our state and local leaders work together to expand access to higher education and health
- We have a huge human resource of young students who want
- health, thyroid disorders, diabetes, and geriatrics in her
Bills:
SJR1, SB9, SB40, SJR36, SJR1, SJR5, SB9, SB40, SJR1, SB9, SB40, SR62, SR92, SR95, SR108, SR110, SR111, SR113, SR114, SR117, SR120, SB314, SB314
Keywords:
bail denial, illegal aliens, felony offenses, constitutional amendment, law enforcement, bail reform, defendants, pretrial detention, public safety, criminal justice, charitable bail organizations, bail bonds, public funds, political subdivision, injunctive relief, taxpayer rights, bail denial, illegal aliens, felony offenses, constitutional amendment
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate addressed significant legislative changes regarding bail procedures and the use of public funds in bail payments. Notably, the committee reviewed SB9 and SB40, both aimed at tightening regulations surrounding bail bonds and enhancing public safety. Senator Huffman presented an amendment to SB9 that allows judges to reassess bail after indictments, especially in cases of violent offenders, reiterating the need for strict bail practices to protect victims and communities. Additionally, SB40 introduces restrictions on the use of public funds by local governments to cover bail for defendants, addressing public concerns over the transparency and safety implications of such practices.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- legal counsel to better tailor the bill as a legal action to ensure control of land and natural resources
- misdemeanor, whatever—can they be asked to kind of police their own so that we're not using state resources
- >And then I'll follow up: secondly, this is going to require resources
- Do you have resources to follow up on this? Because it's going to open up a fairly broad.
- How about resources? I mean, I don't know how much is this going on.
Keywords:
business organization, internal management, corporate governance, partnerships, liability reduction, birth certificate, biological sex, gender identity, health and safety, sex assignment, deep fake, misleading images, audio deception, election influence, criminal offense, digital media, election integrity, runoff election, candidate withdrawal, election law
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on State Affairs focused on various legislative bills, including SB1346, which seeks to address challenges in the Texas Lottery resulting from fraudulent activities. Senator Hughes, the bill's author, highlighted recent investigations regarding an international syndicate's attempt to purchase nearly all possible winning tickets for a $95 million jackpot, thus undermining public trust in the lottery system. The committee engaged in a deep discussion about the bill's measures to prevent similar future occurrences, suggesting strict penalties for licensed retailers involved in such schemes. The testimony included endorsements from several stakeholders, emphasizing the bill's significance for fair lottery practices in Texas.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- starting point for courts so hopefully we can get more consistency and safeguard Texas's most precious resource
- Families, and I got denied because my vehicle, which was six years old and paid off, counted against my resources
- Because, again, these children do not come with income and do not come with any resources.
- The Distance Serenity Families Program is a good step towards providing foster families with the resources
I am here as a resource.
Keywords:
judicial bond, guardianship, probate law, county judge, statutory county court, attorney general, criminal prosecution, public order, law enforcement, jurisdiction, attorney ad litem, parent-child relationship, compensation, legal representation, government entity, probate, court proceedings, record delivery, wills, legal documentation
Summary:
The meeting involved discussions primarily focused on family law and child protection cases, featuring several bills aimed at clarifying legal standards and fee schedules. Notably, Senator Byrd introduced SB2052, which reinforces the parental rights in child custody matters, establishing a presumption that parents act in the best interest of their children. This bill drew support and testimonies from various stakeholders, highlighting the need for clarity in legal proceedings regarding child custody. Additionally, Senator Zaffirini's SB1838 addressed the compensation of attorneys in child protection cases, emphasizing the importance of clear fee schedules to ensure fair compensation. Testimonies from legal experts underscored the existing confusion around attorney fees and the need for standardized procedures. Overall, the committee acknowledged the importance of these bills in protecting children's rights and ensuring fair legal representation for families.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education May 1st, 2025 at 08:05 am
House S/C on Academic & Career-Oriented Education
Transcript Highlights:
- Affairs, C to the defense industry, which is now number one in the state of Texas, but also look to the health
So looking at the health of those installations, we
Keywords:
Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps, Leadership Officer Training Corps, public school, career education, military readiness, public school accountability, Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps, Leadership Officer Training Corps, career education, public school accountability, funding allotments, healthcare, insurance, cost control, patient access, regulation, affordability, public health, JROTC, Leadership Officer Training Corps
Summary:
The meeting of the committee on academic and career-oriented education centered on a series of bills focused on career and technology education. Notably, Representative Kerr introduced HB1079, which aims to formally recognize JROTC and LOTC programs as viable career and technology education pathways. Kerr expressed the significance of these programs for student readiness in both military and civilian careers, emphasizing the importance of leadership and teamwork skills gained through these courses. Public testimony included support from former JROTC members, highlighting the positive impact of the program on their lives and career trajectories.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Delivery of Government Efficiency May 7th, 2025 at 10:05 am
House Delivery of Government Efficiency Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- We do have a resource witness if anyone's interested.
- We have a resource witness, but he doesn't have to testify
Keywords:
electric vehicles, charging stations, advisory board, standards, installation, maintenance, artificial intelligence, data management, government regulation, transparency, ethics, public safety, healthcare, cost reduction, state employee benefits, bundled pricing, surgery procedures, healthcare, bundled pricing, cost transparency
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was characterized by a vigorous discussion surrounding several key bills, particularly with an emphasis on artificial intelligence regulation and healthcare. Senator Parker introduced SB1964, aimed at establishing ethical guidelines and oversight for AI systems used in Texas government, which drew significant support from various stakeholders including the AI Innovation Association. Additionally, there was a push for transparency in governmental processes as exemplified by discussions on HB1225, which seeks to implement bundling pricing for surgical procedures to enhance financial predictability for state employees. The committee witnessed multiple testimonies from industry experts stressing the importance of these measures in safeguarding public interest while fostering innovation. The atmosphere was collaborative, with representatives expressing genuine enthusiasm for prospective amendments to further refine the legislation.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- the language into alignment with the standard LPPF language preferred by the governor's office and Health
- Are there any comments from the resource witnesses?
- Is there anyone wishing to ask questions of Senator Parker or the resource witness?
- ="400" data-time="2394">There you go, and think about the things we're doing, taking care of good health
Keywords:
municipality, local government, Type A, Type B, Type C, change authority, ad valorem taxes, split payment, property taxes, tax regulations, payment options, healthcare funding, Medicaid, county program, mandatory payments, provider participation, health care, Medicaid, county participation, mandatory payments
Summary:
The meeting of the legislative committee was focused on the discussion and voting of several bills, including HB303, HB2740, HB2742, and HB4753. Each bill presented drew attention from various committee members, with detailed debates surrounding their implications and utility. For instance, HB4753, which addresses issues arising from lost certificates of occupancy, prompted a discussion on the difficulties faced by property owners in different municipalities struggling to comply with documentation requirements. In general, the committee expressed support for the bills, as many passed with unanimous votes.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Public Education Apr 22nd, 2025 at 11:04 am
House Public Education Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Representative Howard is in response to ...to our growing health
- In 2024, the governor charged the Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board with creating the Health
- This bill implements three of the Governor's Health Care Workforce Task Force recommendations.
- how to create partnerships, incentives, or funding mechanisms that facilitate the sharing of lab resources
- > ...districts high-quality instructional materials for use in health
Bills:
HB178, HB1551, HB1939, HB2040, HB2354, HB2674, HB3029, HB3460, HB3631, HB3662, HB5201, HB5381
Keywords:
education funding, school district, attendance credit, financial incentive, public school finance, juvenile justice, education, instructional time, alternative education, Texas Legislature, waiver, charter schools, admission policies, enrollment, educational standards, employment policies, homeschooling, education policy, regulation, Texas Education Agency
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on multiple bills pertaining to educational reforms and initiatives. Notable discussions included the passage of HB824, which aims to expand civics education in Texas high schools, emphasizing the importance of understanding government functions and participation in democracy. The bill received unanimous support from the committee members, reflecting broad consensus on the need for enhanced civic education. Similarly, HB1581 and HB1579 were discussed, aiming to improve bilingual education and establish a state seal of bilingualism and biliteracy for high school students, respectively, thereby emphasizing the educational framework's inclusivity and quality enhancement.