Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'election reporting'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Senate Committee on Education K-16 Mar 25th, 2025 at 08:00 am
Senate Education K-16 Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- One of my districts had a report done showing 174 assaults
- There can be no retaliation for a teacher reporting a classroom incident.
- I think it's critical to make sure teachers are comfortable and can actually report what's going on in
- I will tell you there are some good reports in some of those task force committee reports.
- This is exactly why we elect trustees: to ensure that our
Bills:
SB27, SB226, SB326, SB570, SB605, SB870, SB991, SB1871, SB1872, SB1873, SB1874, SB1924, SB1925
Keywords:
residency, public schools, child safety placement, enrollment, education code, antisemitism, student conduct, education, disciplinary actions, Texas Education Code, school marshal, handgun, open carry, school safety, Texas Education Code, mental health, telehealth, public schools, discipline management, student support
Summary:
The meeting was centered on reviewing several Senate bills focusing on school safety and discipline, primarily Senate Bills 870, 1871, 1872, 1873, 1874, and 1924. Senator Perry emphasized the urgent need for reform in school discipline policies due to increasing incidents of violence and classroom disruptions. The committee acknowledged testimonies from various educators and public witnesses who supported the proposed bills, highlighting their significance in ensuring a safer learning environment. Key discussions revolved around the ability of teachers to maintain classroom discipline, the implications of disciplinary actions, and the support necessary for students with behavioral issues.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- One of my districts had a report done showing 174 assaults in three years, with 72 of those requiring
- So many of them surveyed by their districts report that safety is the number one concern for teachers
- There can be no retaliation for a teacher reporting a classroom incident.
- I will tell you there are some good reports in some of those task force committee reports.
- In a 2022 report by the American Psychological Association...
Bills:
SB27, SB226, SB326, SB570, SB605, SB870, SB991, SB1871, SB1872, SB1873, SB1874, SB1924, SB1925
Keywords:
residency, public schools, child safety placement, enrollment, education code, antisemitism, student conduct, education, disciplinary actions, Texas Education Code, school marshal, handgun, open carry, school safety, Texas Education Code, mental health, telehealth, public schools, discipline management, student support
Summary:
The meeting focused on several significant bills pertaining to school discipline and safety, highlighting the issues faced by teachers due to increased student misbehavior and a perceived lack of administrative support. Key discussions were held around Senate Bill 1924, which aims to restore authority to local police and school district officers to issue misdemeanor citations for school offenses. This bill was met with both support and opposition, illustrating the ongoing debate about how best to maintain safety in schools without causing unnecessary criminalization of students. Witnesses included educators and administrators who provided testimonies on the real-life impacts of classroom disruptions on learning environments. Recommendations for improvements to the bills included calls for flexibility in discipline measures and better support for teachers dealing with disruptive behavior.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Mar 28th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- I was elected in a special election to fill the seat of Pete LaValle.
- I was the only Republican elected at that time, well the second.
- I got elected in 1976 and was here from 1977 to 1999.
- I was the first Republican elected in Denton County.
- After my service here, I was elected in 2000.
Bills:
HR33, HR138, HR200, HR243, HR267, HR307, HR353, HR383, HR443, HR446, HR449, HR451, HR453, HR457, HR459, HR460, HR461, HR462, HR464, HR466, HR467, HR474, HR475, HR477, HR479, HR481, HR482, HR483, HR484, HR486, HR487, HR490, HR491, HR497, HR502, HR505, HR509, HR510, HR511, HR512, HR513, HR515, HR516, HR527, HR531, HR532, HR541, HR542, HR547, HR548, HR549, HR550, HR555, HR557, HR564, HR568, HR574, HR575, HR576, HR577, HR578, HR580, HR584, HR586, HR587, HR588, HR589, HR594, HR595, HR597, HR599, HR606, HR607, HR608, HR609, HR610, HR611, HR612, HR613, HR615, HR616, HR617, HR619, HR620, HCR65, HCR119, HR434, HR447, HR450, HR454, HR455, HR458, HR463, HR476, HR478, HR488, HR489, HR492, HR496, HR499, HR522, HR523, HR524, HR533, HR534, HR535, HR536, HR537, HR539, HR546, HR552, HR553, HR554, HR556, HR579, HR582, HR598
Keywords:
autism, neurodiversity, awareness, acceptance, public health, retirement, nursing, mental health, healthcare, recognition, mental health, community service, leadership, retirement, honoring contributions, Texas Trial Lawyers Association, Women's Caucus, legal profession, advocacy, leadership development
Summary:
The meeting of the legislative committee was marked by extensive discussions on a variety of critical issues including budget allocations, public health policies, and education funding. Members engaged in a robust debate regarding the impacts of proposed tax reforms, with several representatives expressing concerns over the potential effects on lower-income families. Public testimony was a significant feature of the meeting, providing the committee with diverse perspectives from community leaders and experts. The atmosphere was generally collaborative, with a stated intent to refine proposed bills in response to public input.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on County & Regional Government Apr 28th, 2025 at 10:04 am
House S/C on County & Regional Government
Transcript Highlights:
- Currently, Webb County's purchasing agent reports to the Board of Judges.
- This bill would allow for the county to elect to have the purchasing agent under the purview of the Commissioner's
Bills:
HB2814, HB4477, HB5084, HB5108, HB5127, HB5383, HB5611, HB5663, HB5664, SB1563, HB2668, HB3841, HB4114
Keywords:
juvenile justice, release documents, children, identification, Texas Juvenile Justice Department, civil service, staffing requirements, local government, positions exemption, Texas legislation, fireworks, Lunar New Year, retail permits, local government, public safety, Texas law, holiday sales, county purchasing, government authority, local government
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was productive, centered around discussions for three key bills: HB5127, HB4477, and HB5126. Representative Galo emphasized the necessity of HB4477 to enhance the accountability of county purchasing agents, arguing that the current system under the Board of Judges lacks the required oversight. The committee members engaged in a detailed dialogue regarding employment protections and the operational effectiveness within county offices. As the members took turns to articulate their perspectives, they highlighted the importance of maintaining fair employment practices within the Sheriff's Civil Service and the need for resource adequacy within related commissions. Public testimonies were welcomed, reflecting the various concerns surrounding the implications of these bills on local governance.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
The Chair moves that SB 5, as substituted, be reported
- And then sometimes somebody elected wants to pass a law about what's codified.
- They do not have to report to anybody.
- undergo an elective or non-emergent service.
- What other diseases are there reports on?
Bills:
HB3000, HB2622, HB2283, HB541, HB1776, HB1803, HB1669, HB2588, HB220, HB3415, HB50, HB1314, HB107
Keywords:
ambulance service, rural healthcare, grants, financial assistance, qualified counties, mental health, patient transport, female attendants, security measures, healthcare regulation, epinephrine, anaphylaxis, health care, school safety, training, emergency response, direct patient care, healthcare, physicians, medical services
Summary:
The public health committee meeting convened to discuss a variety of bills aimed at improving health-related policies in Texas. Noteworthy discussions included House Bill 1887, which seeks to enhance access to birth certificates for adult adoptees, and House Bill 754, which mandates medical assistance personnel to complete training on human trafficking. Both bills received positive support from the members present, and there were assurances that the bills would be reported favorably to the full House. Public testimony was also encouraged, allowing stakeholders to voice their opinions on these significant pieces of legislation.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- The White House requested reports from us, and I've sent daily situation reports to the White House.
- That was the number that was reported in 2024.
- We report the numbers that are provided to us in the log crop report once a year.
- And again, keep in mind that we're talking about the numbers that are reported to us in a log crop report
- So according to your 2024 report, it was 182.
Bills:
HB5
Keywords:
hemp, cannabinoids, regulation, occupational licenses, consumable products, marketing, criminal offenses, labeling requirements, health and safety, House Bill 5, THC regulation, public health, cannabis testimony, hemp regulation, legalization debate
Summary:
The meeting of the Public Health Committee focused primarily on discussions surrounding HB5, which seeks to regulate THC consumables in Texas. Numerous witnesses provided testimony, both in favor and against the bill, highlighting concerns regarding public health and safety as well as the economic implications of regulation versus prohibition. Chairman Van Dever and other committee members actively engaged with witnesses to clarify the potential impact of the proposed legislation. The testimonies brought to light intense disagreements over how best to approach the management of hemp and cannabis products, demonstrating a division between those advocating for strict regulations versus those calling for responsible oversight without outright bans on THC.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services (Part I) Mar 5th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- No nays, the substitute for Senate Bill 25 is favorably reported. Thank you.
- reported.
- The committee substitute for Senate Bill 25 is favorably reported. Thank you.
- that was not reported. That is correct.
- Since you're a fellow elected official, I'm going to let you finish it up, okay?
Keywords:
healthcare reform, pharmacy benefit managers, consumer protection, community-based care, child welfare, Senate Bill 513, House Bill 1919, House Bill 1763
Summary:
The meeting involved in-depth discussions focused primarily on several significant bills aimed at reforming healthcare, improving consumer protection, and enhancing community-based care. Key highlights included House Bill 1919 and House Bill 1763, which address the roles and regulation of pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) in Texas. Lawmakers emphasized the need for these bills to create a fairer landscape for independent pharmacies while ensuring patient access to necessary medications. Public testimonies reflected both support for the reforms and concerns regarding their potential implications. Another major topic was Senate Bill 513, which proposes the development of a pilot program for community-based care in rural West Texas, aiming to improve child welfare services in regions facing unique challenges.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Culture, Recreation & Tourism Apr 23rd, 2025 at 10:04 am
House Culture, Recreation & Tourism Committee
Transcript Highlights:
In fact, I'm proud to report Waco was rated the number
- And so I can throw a rock and hit a report that you all produce.
- " data-time="3006"> that the story of Davy Cronkite and Farmer Bunce was required reading for any elected
- The desalination industry will benefit greatly from studying these reports and standards produced by
- The department is to complete the study and submit a detailed report of findings to state leadership
Keywords:
film industry, incentives, grants, Texas, moving image, economic development, production companies, content standards, chronic wasting disease, deer farming, wildlife management, landowner rights, regulatory compliance, American patriotism, national pride, July celebrations, history recognition, ceremonies, salinity, environment
Summary:
The meeting covered several legislative bills focused primarily on environmental impact and economic incentives, with significant attention given to HB3728, which aims to establish numeric salinity standards for Texas's bays and estuaries. Proponents argued that these standards would help protect delicate ecosystems while allowing for necessary industrial expansion, particularly in desalination. There was passionate testimony from environmental advocates emphasizing the potential long-term benefits for both the economy and local communities reliant on these waters. Additionally, concerns were raised regarding the efficacy of past subsidies as found in discussions surrounding HB4568, which faced opposition from the public and prominent committee members who criticized the use of state funds to support the film industry without demonstrating sustainable economic return on investment.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- There's reports...
After the November election in even-numbered years,
- About following their randomized post-election audits.
- There must be House elections going on at the same time.
- The committee reported to the legislature in January of 1980.
Keywords:
gambling, criminal offenses, penalties, defense, electronic devices, tobacco advertising, youth protection, public health, criminal offense, retailer regulation, e-cigarettes, nicotine products, health, public safety, regulation, e-cigarettes, advertising restrictions, public health, youth protection, health and safety
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on State Affairs featured intense discussions centered around the regulation of tobacco and e-cigarette products, with a particular focus on protecting minors from harmful marketing practices. Senators presented various bills addressing the marketing of these products, which included SB1313, SB1314, and SB1316. Senator Cook laid out SB1313, aimed at prohibiting deceptive marketing techniques that entice minors, alongside testimony from concerned parents advocating for stronger regulations against smoke shops near schools. The committee also examined the App Store Accountability Act, led by Senator Paxson, which aims to ensure age verification for app downloads and hold app stores accountable for protecting minors online. Public testimony played a crucial role in the discussion, with parents and experts weighing in on the necessity of stringent regulations to safeguard youth from exploitation by marketers of addictive products.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- It has been widely reported.
- It came after countless media reports of the corrupt activities of the lottery courier services and the
- facilitated a retail outlet with an expired license and no bank account to participate in the April 2025 election
- It is definitely not a partisan issue, because I know and believe that every elected official is fully
Keywords:
business liability, concealed carry, handgun policy, premises liability, criminal acts, civil liability, business premises, concealed handgun, property liability, criminal acts, concealed carry, business liability, property rights, gun regulations, criminal liability, protective order, confidentiality, personal information, court records, victim protection
Summary:
The Committee on State Affairs held a comprehensive meeting focused on several noteworthy bills, particularly those related to the Texas Lottery Commission and foreign adversaries. Discussions were led by various members, including Senator Hall, who expressed serious concerns regarding the legality and integrity of practices within the Lottery Commission, alleging that it has enabled a series of fraudulent activities. Testimonies were heard from stakeholders advocating for House Bill 130, aimed at protecting Texans' genetic information from foreign access. The committee also reviewed House Bills 119 and 581, which tackle transparency in dealings with lobbyists connected to foreign adversaries and address child safety against evolving technological threats, including deepfake technology, respectively. The atmosphere was engaging, with active participation from both committee members and witnesses from various organizations arguing for or against the proposed legislation.
The meeting concluded with gratitude expressed towards the committee staff for their efforts in facilitating a productive session, acknowledging both the importance of the issues at hand and the various testimonies provided. The members agreed on the significance of regulating the Lottery Commission more effectively and ensuring the protection of Texans from potentially harmful external influences. All bills were left pending for further discussion and refinement in future meetings.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs Mar 3rd, 2025 at 11:03 am
House S/C on Defense & Veterans' Affairs
Transcript Highlights:
- And then just all the different brigades report to a different base?
Report to...
- So I reported 3,000.
- So that's the board that I report to.
- Election year, Mothers Against Drunk Driving—now this guy gets an enhanced ten-year sentence.
Keywords:
Defense and Veterans Affairs, veteran services, legislation, recruitment, retention, community support, entrepreneur programs, home loans
Summary:
The meeting of the Defense and Veterans Affairs Committee served as the inaugural session for the legislative year, focusing on various significant veteran issues and programs. Chairman Cortez led discussions around the upcoming legislative workload, with an estimated 75 bills anticipated for review. Members acknowledged the importance of addressing recruitment and retention challenges within the defense forces, with insights on necessary facility upgrades and the impacts on local communities. Collaborative efforts, such as home loan programs and the Veteran Entrepreneur Program, were highlighted to demonstrate the support provided to veterans in transitioning to civilian life. The committee emphasized the vital role of outreach initiatives to ensure veterans are aware of available services.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Appropriations - S/C on Articles VI, VII, & VIII Feb 26th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Appropriations - S/C on Articles VI, VII, & VIII
Transcript Highlights:
The Texas Advanced Nuclear report for the upcoming legislative
- The report listed two recommendations that the work group would
- There's no elected official at the PUC.
- We do report in retrospect which agencies are...
- We report as required by law.
Keywords:
Texas Energy Fund, Public Utility Commission, taxpayer money, funding strategies, electricity regulation, public testimony, resource efficiency
Summary:
The meeting focused primarily on the public utility sector, with significant attention given to the Texas Energy Fund and its anticipated expansion. Discussions highlighted the funding strategies for public utility programs, with representatives questioning the necessity of further taxpayer investments in projects that have not proven their effectiveness. There was substantial debate over the management of resources and efficiency, particularly emphasizing the regulatory responsibilities of the Public Utility Commission. Member concerns were vocalized around the impact of increased spending on local taxpayers, and whether alternative measures could suffice without additional funding.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Land & Resource Management Apr 10th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Land & Resource Management Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Amendment be reported favorably to the full House with the recommendation
- /p>
The chair moves that House Bill 2797, as substituted, be reported
The chair moves that House Bill 3810, without amendment, be reported
- So, with that, we'd ask for a favorable report.
- I ran for election; I ran on a meeting.
Keywords:
manufactured housing, HUD-code, zoning, local government regulations, installation permits, municipal utility district, board meetings, public access, meeting location, transparency, fire prevention, agriculture, local government, fire safety, regulations, municipal utility districts, public notice, housing regulations, legislation, committee testimony
Summary:
The meeting convened with a quorum present and was primarily focused on multiple pieces of legislation related to municipal utility districts (MUDs). Among the bills discussed, HB2225 was moved forward favorably, extending public notice requirements for fee impositions. Representative Nozzolio and Vice-Chair Malani contributed significantly to the discussion, highlighting the implications of these changes. Another significant bill was HB2797, which prohibits municipalities from regulating the number of occupants in a dwelling unit based on various status categories. The committee adopted a substitute for this bill, which suggested that key modifications address community concerns around housing policies. Positive sentiments were expressed regarding the adaptability of this substitute which was widely discussed among the members.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Licensing & Administrative Procedures Apr 1st, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Licensing & Administrative Procedures Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- HB 837 without amendment be reported favorably to the full
- Yes, we published a draft of our report on our public website, had a public meeting where stakeholders
- If I remember correctly, they also provided written comments in response to our draft report.
- TABC created a 105-page report on this exact subject after studying this for a whole year.
- Students in the West Campus neighborhood in Austin report being booted as soon as they step off a lot
Keywords:
cosmetology, licensure, interstate compact, state regulations, public safety, workforce mobility, charitable raffles, nonprofit, wildlife conservation, ticket sales, fundraising, master electrician, electrical work, occupational licensing, work scope, Texas law, motor vehicle, booting regulation, vehicle immobilization, parking
Summary:
The meeting of the committee focused primarily on several key bills, including HB2286, HB1562, and HB1732, which were reported favorably to the full House with the recommendation that they do pass and be printed. Representative Hernandez notably contributed to the discussions on HB1562 and HB1732, both concerning massage therapy regulations. Furthermore, the committee heard discussions on HB491 regarding civil penalties for massage therapy violations and HB11 relating to occupation licensing reciprocity agreements. Most bills passed with unanimous support, indicating a strong consensus among committee members on these legislative issues.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- In fact, I think we have this in your annual report, that...
- I see that in your report.
- Other than having an election to do it.
- Page 7 in the annual report?
- You were elected to serve the Texas people, not businesses.
Bills:
SB1
Keywords:
appropriations, budget, state funding, education, healthcare, infrastructure, legislation, policy issues, committee meetings, public testimony, pending bills
Summary:
The meeting covered a wide range of topics, focusing primarily on pending legislation and various policy issues facing the committee. Discussions were notably animated surrounding several bills, with members expressing both support and concern over their implications. Witness testimonies were heard, shedding light on different perspectives regarding the legislation in question, indicating a robust public interest and engagement in the topics discussed. Members collaborated to address constituents' concerns while seeking solutions that align with the committee's objectives.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Culture, Recreation & Tourism Aug 6th, 2025 at 10:08 am
House Culture, Recreation & Tourism Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- There's always room to improve, and we're in the process of reviewing our after-action report to ensure
- span> I was there at the dedication of that, and I am honored to report
- Then finally, staff training must include sexual abuse training and reporting for all of those staff.
- With regard to the Kerr County flooding, for example, we immediately sent a message to elected officials
- We continue to have elected officials, particularly at the local level, that turn over over time and
Keywords:
emergency preparedness, natural disasters, Texas floods, first responders, youth camps, Texas Parks and Wildlife, Texas Historical Commission, safety protocols
Summary:
The meeting held by the Cultural, Recreation, and Tourism Committee focused primarily on emergency preparedness and responses to natural disasters, notably in the context of the recent floods that occurred in Texas on July 4th. The committee expressed deep sympathy for the affected communities and acknowledged the impressive efforts of first responders during the calamity. Testimonies were provided by representatives from the Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, the Texas Historical Commission, and various youth camps, focusing on the challenges faced during these emergencies and the steps taken to ensure visitor safety and habitat preservation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Feb 12th, 2025 at 10:02 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
And that speaker, ladies and gentlemen, was elected 30 days
And that speaker, ladies and gentlemen, was elected 30
He served as a cardinal elected in the papal conclave
- of 2013, which saw the election of Pope Francis to the seat of Peter.
This same year, he was elected vice president of the
Keywords:
legislation, public safety, educational reforms, funding allocations, stakeholder insights
Summary:
The committee meeting revolved around a variety of legislative matters, with significant emphasis placed on ongoing debates surrounding public safety initiatives and educational reforms. Members expressed diverse perspectives, particularly on how proposed amendments might impact local communities. A number of stakeholders offered insights, highlighting both potential benefits and drawbacks associated with the new policies being discussed. Notably, there were discussions regarding funding allocations and their implications for state resources.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
89th Legislative Session Feb 6th, 2025 at 10:02 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Holt**: ...Today we have in the gallery several of San Jack's elected officials.
- including, and I quote, to eliminate local taxing authorities' ability to raise taxes without an election
- Harrison**: Without an election. Is that not true?
- Today we have in the gallery several of San Jack's elected
- Without an election, is that not true?
Keywords:
Prince Rahim, HIV/AIDS awareness, Howard County Day, Antonio Cornelius Baker, community service, Texas economy, legislative resolutions
Summary:
In this meeting of the legislative body, the committee engaged in a series of significant discussions and recognitions. Dr. Lalani honored Prince Rahim for his contributions to education and community service, linking it to a larger narrative of Texas being a global economic powerhouse. Furthermore, numerous resolutions, such as HR 135 recognizing Howard County Day and HR 190 in memory of Antonio Cornelius Baker, were adopted, highlighting community contributions and memorializing impactful individuals. Representative Jones stressed the importance of HIV/AIDS awareness, reflecting the meeting's commitment to societal issues. The session culminated in a call for unity and service to the public from the speakers present.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services Mar 18th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
Senator Perry moves that Senate Bill 53 be reported to
- Senate Bill 53 is favorably reported.
- favorably reported.
- and media reports, we built our own database.
- However, that is why we have the report.
Keywords:
immunization, written informed consent, civil liability, health care provider, vaccine compensation, administrative penalty, health care, licensing, complaint procedure, disciplinary action, law enforcement, conscience protection, health care services, civil remedy, disciplinary action, health care providers, patient access, hospital safety, emergency room, bollards
Summary:
The meeting of the committee was focused predominantly on various bills concerning healthcare and insurance policies, reflecting significant discussions on how these laws impact the community. Notably, Senate Bill 660 was introduced to enhance safety measures at healthcare facilities, discussing the necessity for bollards to prevent unauthorized vehicular access, highlighting a bipartisan understanding of public safety. Senator West emphasized the importance of these regulations, citing real-world incidents that necessitate such actions. Public testimonies complimented this discussion, providing insight into community needs for enhanced security in hospitals.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine District Judges, focusing on exploring legislative solutions to the bipartisan problem of universal injunctions. Apr 2nd, 2025 at 09:15 am
Senate Judiciary Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Professor Bray is an elected member of the American Law Institute and is an advisor on the Restatement
- ...decisions, elected representatives elected by the people
- Policy is the province of the elected branches. These are not complex.
- Democrats today are angry at the voters for re-election.
- Now that their efforts to indict President Trump and stop the voters from re-electing him have failed
Keywords:
universal injunctions, legislative reforms, judicial authority, executive power, balance of power, judicial overreach
Summary:
During this meeting, the committee focused on the implications of universal injunctions, which have become a significant concern in recent years. The discussion centered around various legislative proposals aimed at addressing the perceived overreach of district judges who issue nationwide injunctions that affect policies across the entire country. Several members expressed the belief that such injunctions undermine judicial authority and disrupt the balance of power between the judiciary and executive branches. Expert witnesses testified about the historical context of universal injunctions and the necessity for reforms that would limit the power of courts to grant remedies benefitting non-parties.