Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'Texas Commission on Environmental Quality'
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TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Appropriations - S/C on Article III Feb 27th, 2025 at 10:30 am
House Appropriations - S/C on Article III
Transcript Highlights:
- designations in the entire country, and the only one in Texas.
- On slide four, you'll see the vast geography across the state of Texas.
- is Keeping Texas Prepared, focusing on state fire capacity.
- We drive on safer roadways in Texas because of the work you're doing.
- The Texas Heritage Museum is one of only 1,100 accredited museums.
Keywords:
workforce development, health services, veterinary care, community colleges, emergency management
Summary:
The committee convened to discuss critical funding and legislative matters regarding various state initiatives, notably focusing on workforce development, health services, and emergency management. The discussions revealed the heightened importance of supporting community colleges and addressing workforce shortages in healthcare, especially considering the increased demand for veterinary services as pet ownership rose due to the pandemic. Representatives from various organizations presented their requests for funding, emphasizing the necessity of enhancing educational outcomes and preparedness programs.
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Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
89th Legislative Session - First Called Session Aug 4th, 2025 at 03:08 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- Those who answered the call honored their oath and came here ready to work for the people of Texas.
- Texas flag.
I pledge allegiance to thee, Texas, one state, under
- God, one and indivisible.
- of HB4 on third reading is completed.
Bills:
HB4
Keywords:
redistricting, congressional districts, Texas Legislature, elections, 2020 Census, quorum, disaster recovery, human trafficking, legislation, Speaker's warning, Texas families, absent members
Summary:
The meeting focused on significant legislative issues and the need for prompt actions regarding disaster recovery, human trafficking, and local governance. Speaker raised concerns about the absence of several members, which hindered the establishment of a quorum and delayed critical discussions. Emphasis was placed on the responsibilities of elected officials to their constituents, with a stern warning that their absence would lead to necessary actions being taken to ensure their return to fulfill their duties. The Speaker highlighted the urgency of addressing pressing issues faced by Texas families and cited the growing cost of inaction.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Apr 16th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House Judiciary & Civil Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- Robertson, I've got you here on behalf of the Texas Business Law Foundation, Daryl Robertson, on behalf
- I testify in support of the bill on behalf of the Texas Business Law Foundation.
- I'm also with the Texas Business Law Foundation and sit on the Texas Business Organization Committee.
- Renteria, I've got you here on behalf of the Texas Notary Training Forum and yourself.
- Soberon, I've got you here on behalf of Texas 2036, testifying for the bill. Is that correct?
Bills:
HB5621, HB4904, HB5067, HB5076, HB5081, HB5354, HB4862, HB3847, HB4088, HB4157, HB2966, HB2287, HB4203, HB4803, HB4737, HB5093, HB783, HB5411, HB4281
Keywords:
motorcycle training, liability, property owners, civil liability, safety instruction, data privacy, personal information, judicial protection, cybersecurity, criminal offense, court clerks, judges, data brokers, prosecuting attorney, criminal offenses, judicial reporting, accountability, Texas Judicial Council, business organizations, corporate governance
Summary:
The meeting of the committee centered on several bills related to liability, fraud, and public safety. Representative Slauson's HB1088 concerning healthcare liability claims related to gender modifications was revisited, with discussions highlighting the implications of amendments and a contentious vote that resulted in a 7-4 decision to report it to the full House. Notably, HB4101, led by Vice Chair Hayes, introduced a committee substitute that raised the limited liability from $50,000 to $250,000 for funeral service providers in cases of mental anguish, which passed after brief deliberations. Additionally, the committee discussed HB4281 targeting fraudulent crowdfunding campaigns, aiming to provide victims legal recourse, which sparked an emotional response due to real-life implications presented by witnesses.
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Transcript Highlights:
- " data-time="18">Lord, we come before you today grateful for the blessing of serving the people of Texas
- Treat one another with respect, even in our differences.
- ="54">Bless this chamber and the nation, the men and women who serve in it, and the great state of Texas
- span marker="19" data-time="108">HCR 4, Craddock, congratulating Ricky and Ann Low of Horseshoe Bay on
- span>
HCR 5, Craddock, congratulating Dawn Sparks of Midland on
Keywords:
real property theft, real property fraud, criminal offenses, restitution, elderly protection, disabled individuals, property tax exemption, title fraud, recording requirements, real property theft, real property fraud, criminal offenses, elderly protection, disability rights, recording requirements, restitution, disaster relief, emergency preparedness, flood management, local government grants
Summary:
The committee meeting featured discussions on several important resolutions, particularly HCR2 through HCR5. Notably, HCR2 commemorates the victims of the Hill Country Floods, while HCR3 recognizes the contributions of Children's Emergency Relief International. HCR4 celebrates the anniversary of a local couple, and HCR5 honors a recipient of the Chief Roughneck Award from the Independent Petroleum Association of America. These resolutions highlight community solidarity and recognition of service within Texas. During the session, members expressed their sentiments on these resolutions, contributing to a respectful and reflective atmosphere.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
89th Legislative Session - First Called Session Aug 5th, 2025 at 01:08 pm
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
- In this great state of Texas, Father, we thank you for the
- Texas, Father.
Honor the Texas flag; I pledge allegiance to thee, Texas
- , one state, under God, indivisible, for the sake of God, one and indivisible.
- members on matters of public corruption.
Bills:
HB4
Keywords:
redistricting, congressional districts, Texas Legislature, elections, 2020 Census, Texas Department of Public Safety, legislative attendance, Disaster Preparedness Committee, flood legislation, quorum
Summary:
In this meeting, the chair addressed concerns regarding the attendance of certain members who have been evading their legislative duties. The Texas Department of Public Safety is actively working to enforce civil arrest warrants to ensure that these members return to the chamber. This issue is pressing as the Disaster Preparedness Committee is poised to evaluate five crucial pieces of legislation aimed at addressing catastrophic flooding that has severely impacted communities across the state. The emphasis was placed on the urgency and importance of the work undertaken by the committee in these trying times.
The meeting concluded with a plan for the House to reconvene, urging members to ensure their attendance. The chair expressed hope for a quorum to be achieved by the next session, allowing for the continuation of critical discussions. This session saw active participation from members, highlighting the dedication towards serving constituents despite the present challenges faced within the legislature.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Texas. I'm not even qualified to comment on that.
- You consider the Texas Legislative Council to be an authority on redistricting?
- It's just you and I, out in the open, on the open floor, letting it all out for the people of Texas and
- Do you believe that it's partisanism to place almost 10% of Texas' entire Black population in one district
- Her explanation regarding the need for redistricting in Texas is literally based on race.
Keywords:
disaster relief, emergency preparedness, flood management, local government grants, meteorological forecasting, state appropriations, school assessment, public education, accountability, transparency, education standards, abortion, civil liability, abortion-inducing drugs, qui tam actions, Texas Citizens Participation Act, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, healthcare regulations, judicial branch, court security
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on the discussion of HB4, which pertains to redistricting. Chairman King emphasized the legal compliance of the proposed map and elaborated on its political advantages, stating that the map improves compactness while benefiting Republican candidates. The meeting saw extensive public testimony, with numerous participants voicing concerns about the map's legality and its implications on minority representation. Representative Smith highlighted that the overwhelming majority of public submissions expressed opposition to the redistricting bill, arguing that it disregards the constituents' voices. Debate ensued regarding the necessity and legality of the changes made, particularly concerning minority districts.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- It's unprecedented to use the filibuster in the The Texas Senate
- It violates longstanding traditions, ethics, and decorum of the Texas Senate.
- In addition, members are here today on a Friday night on a weekend after a long I move the previous question on final passage of HB4.
- Members, the vote is now on final passage.
Keywords:
disaster relief, emergency preparedness, flood management, local government grants, meteorological forecasting, state appropriations, school assessment, public education, accountability, transparency, education standards, abortion, civil liability, abortion-inducing drugs, qui tam actions, Texas Citizens Participation Act, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, healthcare regulations, judicial branch, court security
Summary:
The Senate meeting convened with notable tension surrounding HB4, which was ultimately passed after a contentious discussion. Senator Charles Perry raised concerns about Senator Carol Alvarado's fundraising filibuster, claiming it violated Senate ethics and decorum by using state resources for campaign purposes. This prompted a heated debate among members, reflecting deep divisions regarding the use of legislative sessions for political gain. Ultimately, the roll call revealed 18 ayes and 11 nays as HB4 passed, leading to discussions about future sessions and pending bills.
The atmosphere in the Senate was marked by strong emotions, especially surrounding the issue of ethical conduct in legislative practices. Several members expressed their displeasure about the potential implications for state resources utilized during such political maneuvers. The meeting concluded with a motion to adjourn, reflecting the urgency felt by members to address these issues adequately in future gatherings. Overall, the meeting underscored the ongoing struggles and the dynamics at play within the Senate regarding governance and ethics in political conduct.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Pensions, Investments & Financial Services May 19th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Pensions, Investments & Financial Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- We'll weigh in on that.
- We show you registered as James Quintero on behalf of Texas Public Policy Foundation testifying for the
- So on the first one here in San Antonio, yes sir, that you said was for 2.2 million...
- the loan, on the proceeds?
- We show you registered as James Contero on behalf of the Texas Public Policy Foundation, testifying for
Keywords:
school funding, bonds, education, finance, Texas Education Code, public banks, bond proceeds, voter transparency, Texas legislation, Senate Bill 621, Senate Bill 414
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several key bills impacting public funds, particularly regarding the use of unspent bond proceeds and mandated transparency during bond elections. Notably, Senate Bill 621 was discussed, which seeks to prohibit political subdivisions from establishing public banks, emphasizing core governmental functions and preventing taxpayer exposure to financial risks. Testimonies from various stakeholders highlighted concerns about the appropriateness of using public funds for non-essential projects, which led to vigorous debate amongst committee members. Additionally, Senate Bill 414 was addressed, which requires clear disclosures about estimated interest costs in bond proposals, aiming to enhance voter awareness and accountability.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
Senate Special Committee on Congressional Redistricting Aug 7th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- We had the North Texas hearing on July 26th, 2025.
- We had the East Texas hearing on July 28th, and the West Texas hearing, which included the El Paso area
- I really don't care what goes on in the other communities outside of Texas.
- this will make the right decision and do it based on the conscience of Texas and not on the conscience
- Let's go on a field trip. Let's go around to the projects here in Austin, Texas.
Keywords:
redistricting, HB4, SB4, public testimony, Census 2020, flood relief, representation, special session
Summary:
The meeting of the Committee on Congressional Redistricting focused primarily on the discussion of HB4 and SB4, concerning the redistricting process based on the 2020 Census data. Chairman King opened the session, expressing gratitude to the committee members for their attendance and emphasizing the importance of completing redistricting within the special session's 30-day timeframe. Public testimony was a major component, with numerous individuals voicing their opinions both in favor and against the proposed redistricting maps, emphasizing issues of representation and concerns of racial injustices inherent in the process. The majority of witnesses highlighted the need for immediate attention to pressing issues such as flood relief instead of focusing solely on redistricting.
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Transcript Highlights:
- Texas should be leading on this issue, and the reality is we're falling behind.
- Texas should be leading on this issue, and the reality is we're
- In these areas, Texas should be leading on this issue.
- On behalf of AARP Texas and our 2.5 million members across
- I'm Tina Tran, State Director for AARP Texas, and on behalf of AARP Texas and our 2.5 million members
Keywords:
Maverick County, recognition, economic development, Texas Senate, community celebration, SB911, Heal Texans Act, healthcare access, nurse practitioners, health crisis, rural healthcare, Texas legislature
Summary:
The committee meeting centered around the discussion of SB911, the Heal Texans Act, aimed at improving access to healthcare in underserved areas of Texas. Senator Cesar Blanco opened the discussion by highlighting the healthcare crisis affecting millions of Texans, emphasizing the need for immediate reform to allow nurse practitioners (APRNs) to deliver essential services without cumbersome regulations. The senator expressed gratitude towards his colleagues, including Vice Chair Charles Perry, for their joint efforts in advocating for this critical legislation. The need for SB911 was reiterated by several speakers, including healthcare advocates and those impacted by the lack of accessible care, underscoring personal stories that illustrated the dire situation faced by many rural residents who cannot easily reach medical care.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- to Texas domicile entities, air travel to and from Texas on a Texas-based airline, and legal fees paid
- I'm the director of the Texas Film Commission.
- Will Texas end up being number one or?
- It's the number one program in the state of Texas.
- I'm here in Texas working on producing.
Bills:
SB22
Keywords:
Texas, moving image industry, incentive program, film production, grant funding, job creation, economic development, SB22, Texas Moving Image Industry Incentive Program, reimbursement grants, economic growth, job creation, film production, taxpayer oversight, rural opportunities
Summary:
The meeting centered around the discussion of SB22, the Texas Moving Image Industry Incentive Program, which aims to provide reimbursement grants for projects produced in Texas. Senator Huffman presented the bill highlighting its potential to create jobs and grow the state's economy. Several members discussed the advantages of keeping film production within Texas, emphasizing that for every dollar spent in grants, an estimated $4.69 is returned to the state's economy. Additionally, a portion of the discussion focused on the need for careful oversight of taxpayer money utilized in the reimbursement process, ensuring grants are awarded only to those projects that align with the state's values.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- The Texas Public Policy Foundation (TPPF) did some research and found that, on average,
- So I Googled Texas sample jury duty summons, and the first link went to a document on Texas court.
- Each county, like up in North Texas, probably has about one
- You are representing True Texas Elections and you are neutral on the bill.
- It costs, on average, to house an inmate in a Texas jail for one year seventeen thousand dollars.
Keywords:
election services, contracting, political subdivisions, county elections, election code, voter registration, citizenship status, election law, cancellation, disqualification, Texas Election Code, voter identification, registration, election integrity, identification documents, Texas Election Code, election, watcher, polling place, removal
Summary:
The meeting of the committee saw significant discussions revolving around several bills focused primarily on election laws and voter regulations. Chair Shaheen led the session, where the committee debated House Bill 3909, which proposed to amend the election code regarding the use of wireless communication devices near voting stations. Concerns were raised about the practicality of the existing regulations and the potential implications for electoral integrity. Additionally, House Bill 4253 drew attention due to fears of voter suppression, particularly how it might disproportionately affect communities of color. Testimony from members of the public highlighted the tension between maintaining election security and protecting citizens' voting rights.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Texas is truly for one, for all.
- In Texas, we have witnessed the unrelenting massive assault on voting rights, diminishing the political
- But here's one thing for sure that wouldn't be happening if we had independent redistricting commissions
- In a 1970 reapportionment, Texas had gained one congressional
- Have one goal: to make sure the people of Texas have their
Keywords:
disaster relief, emergency preparedness, flood management, local government grants, meteorological forecasting, state appropriations, school assessment, public education, accountability, transparency, education standards, abortion, civil liability, abortion-inducing drugs, qui tam actions, Texas Citizens Participation Act, Religious Freedom Restoration Act, healthcare regulations, judicial branch, court security
Summary:
In the recent committee meeting, the primary focus was on HB4, the congressional redistricting bill. Intense debates ensued regarding the implications of this proposed map on minority voting representation. Senator Zaffirini and other members expressed strong opposition, citing that the redistricting efforts were not only untimely but also undermined the gains made by minority communities in past elections. Significant testimony was provided from the public, showing overwhelming disapproval of the proposed changes, with 98% of the testimonies against the bill. Members highlighted the historical context of disenfranchisement and warned that this redistricting would further dilute the voices of crucial voting blocs in Texas.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Texas, of course, is one of two states that have separate high courts for civil and criminal law; the
- There must be some final word on the Texas Constitution.
- I'm here on behalf of the Texas Criminal Defense Lawyers Association.
- The Senate bill is unnecessary because there is no confusion on this issue between the Texas Supreme
- I'm a justice of the Supreme Court of Texas, and it's a pleasure to serve as a resource for you on Senate
Bills:
SB16, SB76, SB310, SB311, SB396, SB505, SB827, SB964, SB1209, SB1210, SB1386, SB1470, SB2035, SJR37
Keywords:
voter registration, proof of citizenship, Election Code, criminal offenses, limited federal ballot, transportation, infrastructure, funding, public safety, state regulation, election, polling places, voter access, state oversight, electronic voting, voting, polling place, elections, countywide program, voter access
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on State Affairs was marked by significant discussions surrounding several bills, primarily focusing on jurisdictional changes within the Texas Supreme Court and the Court of Criminal Appeals. One of the key bills discussed was SB1210, which aims to clarify the roles and jurisdictions of these two courts, ensuring that when constitutional interpretations are at issue, the Supreme Court serves as the final authority. Testimony was provided by various stakeholders including judges and legal experts, who articulated both support for and concerns about the potential implications of these changes. The conversation highlighted the historical context of the dual court system in Texas, outlining its benefits and drawbacks, particularly in ensuring consistency in the application of constitutional law.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I show you testifying on behalf of the Texas Medical Association and Texas Society.
- Deanna Angel with Vocal Texas, you're testifying on behalf of Vocal Texas.
- It's called Texas One Center. You go there, and you can get it all done on that one particular day.
- Texas One Center. Oh, Texas One Center.
- The same thing, the Texas One Center.
Keywords:
healthcare, maternal health, reporting requirements, Texas Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee, health provider immunity, workplace violence, nurses, grant program, healthcare facilities, safety measures, workplace violence, nurses, grant program, healthcare facilities, safety, workplace violence, nursing, grants, healthcare safety, verbal abuse
Summary:
The committee meeting welcomed discussions centered on maternal health, particularly relating to the delays in the Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Review Committee's report. The Commissioner noted significant delays due to a backlog in the review process for maternal death cases and staff shortages, essentially making it difficult to meet statutory deadlines. A proposed bill, HB713, aims to allow nurses to access unredacted materials during the review to expedite the Committee's reporting process and address the increasing maternal mortality rates in Texas. The urgency surrounding this legislation indicates the committee's commitment to improving maternal outcomes in the state.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- On flood warning systems in the state of Texas, I want to
- President, I move to concur on House amendments to Senate Bill 3.
- Again, I want to say one thing: Mr.
- I pray that we never have to have a hearing in the Texas Senate again.
- Thank you, Senator, and thank you for the work on the bill.
Keywords:
real property theft, real property fraud, criminal offenses, restitution, elderly protection, disabled individuals, property tax exemption, title fraud, recording requirements, real property theft, real property fraud, criminal offenses, elderly protection, disability rights, recording requirements, restitution, disaster relief, emergency preparedness, flood management, local government grants
Summary:
The meeting featured crucial discussions surrounding several bills, notably Senate Bill 3, which focuses on establishing effective flood warning systems in Texas. Senator Betancourt introduced the bill, emphasizing its potential to save lives, especially in flood-prone areas. The legislation aims to identify high-risk locations, install outdoor warning systems, and provide necessary funding for implementation. Senator Hinojosa also discussed Senate Bill 16 Regarding real property fraud, which involves amendments requested by the Texas Department of Criminal Justice. The discussions reflected the urgency for these measures in light of recent events and highlighted collaborative efforts among legislators.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence S/C New Offenses and Changed Penalties May 1st, 2025 at 08:05 am
Transcript Highlights:
- In Texas, Adult Protective Services...
- An attack on a bus driver might as well be an attack on everyone on or near the bus.
- No one should fear.
- One of my concerns is taking one problem and creating two
- on exactly what's going on here.
Keywords:
public safety, criminal penalties, HB544, vulnerable populations, child abuse, consecutive sentencing, HB689, elder abuse, public testimony
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on discussing various bills addressing public safety and criminal penalties within Texas. Notable discussions included the introduction of HB544, which aims to expand consecutive sentencing for crimes against children and vulnerable adults. Representative Gervin Hawkins highlighted the urgent need for this legislation by referencing a shocking case in Bexar County involving severe abuse, illustrating the limitations of current law in imposing adequate penalties. The bill received public support and raised awareness of the ongoing issues surrounding the safety of vulnerable populations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- All of the risk with design-bid-build lies on the taxpayers in Texas.
- In Texas, they only allow design-build on megaprojects. Nobody does that.
- My understanding is that the Texas DMV has reached out to him on that process on more than one occasion
- We're buying them from local Texas dealers to do this. As a converter, we're putting bodies on.
- And if you ship it to Texas, historically, we go to Bowie County and buy the tags and put them on the
Keywords:
county roads, abandonment, public nuisance, safety hazard, transportation, transportation, design-build contracts, Senate Bill 35, public safety, infrastructure, Texas Department of Transportation, Texas Trucking Association
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on various legislative proposals, particularly those related to transportation and public safety. A significant point of discussion was Senate Bill 35, which seeks to limit the Texas Department of Transportation's ability to utilize design-build contracts for infrastructure projects. Advocates for the bill expressed concerns over financial implications and the efficiency of project delivery, while opponents emphasized the need for flexibility and innovation in addressing Texas's growing infrastructure needs. Several stakeholders, including the Texas Trucking Association, engaged in debates over the impacts of the proposed limitations.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I'm speaking on behalf of the Texas Medical Association.
- testifying on behalf of the Texas Trial Lawyers Association and yourself.
- We have you testifying on behalf of the Texas Medical Association, Texas Urologic Society, American Urological
- On behalf of the Texas Medical Association and the Texas Chapter of the American College of Physicians
- And I want to brag on the Texas Hospital Association.
Bills:
HB35, HB4490, HB4454, HB2188, HB3794, HB3078, HB4743, HB2556, HB46, HB5342, HB4783, HB3785, HB1639, HB2581, HB4224, HB4070, HB4099, HB4882, HB5278
Keywords:
peer support, first responders, mental health, confidentiality, emergency services, disclosure, next of kin, public information, deceased persons, privacy rights, patient solicitation, marketing practices, healthcare regulation, task force, deceptive advertising, nurse aide, certification, Texas Board of Nursing, healthcare workforce, nursing standards
Summary:
The meeting convened to discuss various health-related bills, with significant emphasis placed on addressing substance abuse and the associated healthcare challenges in Texas. Notable discussions revolved around HB5342, which aims to sustain 988 operations to aid individuals in crisis, while HB4454 focuses on updating laws to combat unethical patient brokering within substance use treatment programs. Various witnesses, including healthcare professionals, provided testimony supporting these initiatives, highlighting the impact of substance abuse on public health and the necessity for legislative backing in these areas. The committee heard from several members who articulated the urgency of implementing effective measures to address substance abuse, especially with the rising concerns around opioid-related deaths and treatment accessibility in underserved areas.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th 1st C.S.
89th Legislative Session - First Called Session Aug 12th, 2025 at 10:08 am
Texas House Floor Meeting
Transcript Highlights:
Honor the Texas flag.
- I pledge allegiance to thee, Texas, one state, under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all
- If the devastation on our hill country communities, the Texas Constitution, and their mounting debt aren't
- away, and the pressure on them will only grow.
- We'll make one more attempt.
Keywords:
disaster response, emergency management, mass fatality, justices of the peace, training programs, emergency manager license, volunteer management, disaster response, mass fatality, emergency management, justice of the peace training, volunteer management, criminal history checks, state health services, emergency communication, interoperability, grant program, first responders, state council, emergency communication
Summary:
In this meeting of the legislative committee, members gathered to discuss pressing issues, including critical flood response legislation that could significantly impact families and communities affected by recent disasters. Despite the efforts to address these urgent matters, a quorum was not present, preventing any formal actions from being taken. The absence of a sufficient number of members meant that discussions were limited and centered around logistics for the upcoming sessions to ensure that necessary votes could be conducted in the near future. The chairman expressed concerns about the operational costs related to these absences and emphasized the continuous tracking of taxpayer dollars being spent in response to the critical situations faced by communities.