Video & Transcript DataContr Research : 'handgun policy'
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US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine interdicting illicit drug trafficking, focusing on a view from the front lines. Feb 26th, 2025 at 10:00 am
Senate Commerce, Science, and Transportation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- former DHS Secretary Mayorkas deliberately ignored the painful connection between their open border policies
- We also need to reverse the Biden administration's dangerous policies in the Middle East, where maritime
Keywords:
Coast Guard, maritime drug enforcement, illegal drugs, fentanyl crisis, legislative reforms, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation addressed critical issues surrounding maritime drug enforcement and the Coast Guard's role in stopping the influx of illegal drugs. The chairman highlighted the alarming consequences of current policies allowing drugs to cross borders, emphasizing the need for legislative reforms, such as the Coast Guard Reauthorization Act of 2025. There was an intense discussion regarding the operational challenges faced by the Coast Guard, which has recently made significant drug seizures, indicating progress but also revealing gaps that need addressing. Several witnesses, including victims of the drug crisis, shared their compelling testimonies, which underscored the urgency for stricter controls and comprehensive support for law enforcement agencies involved in drug interdiction efforts.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine the nomination of Martin Makary, of Virginia, to be Commissioner of Food and Drugs, Department of Health and Human Services. Mar 6th, 2025 at 09:00 am
Senate Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- His expertise and experience implementing labor policy make him more than qualified. Mr.
- data-time="1584"> Trump administration, and I hope the Department of Labor will return to this pro-worker policy
Keywords:
nominations, labor, health, veterans, Social Security, Elon Musk, transparency, government accountability
Summary:
The meeting primarily focused on various executive nominations and their implications on labor and health affairs. Significant discussions surrounded the nomination of Mr. Sonderling as the Deputy Secretary of Labor, with members expressing concerns about workforce cuts affecting veterans and Social Security employees. There was also a debate led by a member regarding the authority and influence of private individuals, specifically citing Elon Musk's involvement in government decisions. Such discussions raised questions about transparency and accountability within governmental agencies, leading to a proposal for Mr. Musk to provide testimony before the committee.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Health and Human Services Apr 15th, 2025
Senate Health & Human Services Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- >So what happens right now, HHSC has started to go a bit overboard with their corrections to the policies
- They are subject to all of the Medicaid regulations and policies.
- A lot of laws and other hospital policies may require physicians, podiatrists, and dentists...
- I serve as the Director of Policy and Governmental Affairs at Emergency Health Network, the local mental
- I'm the VP of Public Policy for the Texas Assisted Living Association, known as TAL.
Keywords:
pharmacist, vaccine administration, COVID-19, exclusive authority, healthcare, Medicaid, provider enrollment, credentialing, healthcare, administrative burden, Texas Health and Human Services, senior retirement communities, emergency response, residential safety, contract provisions, health and safety regulations, medical staff privileges, hospital administration, healthcare regulation, Texas Health and Safety Code
Summary:
The committee meeting showcased extensive discussions surrounding multiple bills, predominantly focusing on the health sector and legislative processes. Senator Cook presented Senate Bill 1310, emphasizing the need for independent living facilities to develop disaster response plans to better protect vulnerable residents during emergencies. This bill sparked discussions on the importance of balancing regulatory oversight with compliance implementation, showcasing testimonies from stakeholders who supported the proactive measures outlined in the bill. Together, the members evaluated the relevance of continuing legislation aimed at strengthening emergency preparedness for Texas' senior population, illustrating a palpable concern for their welfare and safety.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- 3186"> That he went to the machine, they offer a refund policy
- protection by requiring all HOAs to publish their complete and current fees, rules, and enforcement policies
- I am the policy director for Texas Realtors. We are here testifying neutrally on Senate Bill 2586.
- marker="895" data-time="5364"> One of the things this bill does is require the fine and enforcement policy
- I am Brent Bennett with the Texas Public Policy Foundation testifying in support of Senate Bill 383.
Keywords:
real property, Texas State Library, leases, capital improvements, public accessibility, combative sports, licensing, regulation, criminal offense, event approval, advisory boards, Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, public members, occupational regulations, professional standards, fraudulent financing, secured transactions, business regulation, lending institutions, affidavit process
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee featured extensive discussions centered around numerous bills, with a particular focus on Senate Bill 1705 concerning virtual currency kiosks. During this discussion, members expressed concerns regarding the potential for fraud and the need for regulation surrounding cryptocurrency exchanges. Testimonies from law enforcement emphasized the increase in fraud cases associated with these kiosks, leading to a consensus on the need for consumer protection measures. The committee favorably reported several other bills with unanimous votes, showcasing a collaborative effort amongst senators to address various legislative concerns effectively.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- My name is Christine Busse, and I serve as the Peer Policy Fellow of NAMI Texas, the state affiliate
- I'm Stephanie Battaglia, Public Policy Specialist for Texas
- My name is Cole Glosser and I'm a policy fellow with the Coalition of Texans with Disabilities, or CTD
- marker="1411" data-time="8460"> Eligible for reimbursement or the plan just says no according to our policies
- Something is written in the policy that if you go so far
Bills:
HB1531, HB2667, HB2809, HB2865, HB3589, HB3151, HB3748, HB3750, HB4419, HB4643, HB3597, HB4129, HB4130, HB4131
Keywords:
senior living, referral agencies, consumer protection, regulation, elderly services, youth, mental health, suicide prevention, protective services, child welfare, reporting requirements, Medicaid, public assistance, ex parte renewal, eligibility, Texas, group home, licensing, regulation, health and safety
Summary:
The meeting brought forward significant discussions centered on various bills related to child welfare and mental health support, particularly focusing on the well-being of children in the custody of the Department of Family and Protective Services (DFPS). Notable bills such as HB2789 and HB2809 were thoroughly reviewed, where stakeholders highlighted the critical need for improved data collection on suicide attempts among youth in foster care. The interventions proposed aim to enhance early identification and support for these vulnerable populations. The committee members engaged with professionals and advocates who emphasized the urgency of addressing these mental health challenges.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Environmental Regulation May 19th, 2025 at 10:05 am
House Environmental Regulation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- It's an inherently government function to create a policy to allow two legitimate businesses to operate
- this in the right way to put good science and engineering behind it and to create ground rules, a policy
- We need something that's going to be longstanding and ongoing, a policy that's...
- government involvement, I think that would be ensured because it would then help create a lasting policy
- >
I do just want to say y'all would rather be here talking policy
Keywords:
rock crushing, permits, air quality, environmental monitoring, aggregate production, seismicity, public meeting, land use, environmental regulation, SB2203, SB1898, PFAS, semiconductor industry, aggregate production, public testimony, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
Summary:
The Committee on Environmental Regulation convened to discuss several bills relating to environmental issues and industry regulations. Notable discussions revolved around SB2203, which focuses on the certification of discovery issues related to the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, and SB1898, which addresses the regulation of PFAS or 'forever chemicals.' The committee heard testimony from various stakeholders, including representatives from the semiconductor industry and environmental advocates, particularly regarding concerns over the impact of aggregate production on local ecosystems and industries. The meeting highlighted the need for careful consideration of regulations that balance industrial growth with environmental protection.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Intergovernmental Affairs May 13th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Intergovernmental Affairs Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- marker="388" data-time="2322">This bill undermines fairness, due process, and the long-standing state policy
- so what we view this as creating an end result where local elected leaders kind of conform to the policy
- Carl James Quintero, Texas Public Policy Foundation, for
- I represent the Texas Public Policy Foundation.
- Now is the time to be bold, to advance policies that uplift the very communities our legislature wants
Keywords:
municipal management district, bonds, assessments, property taxes, economic development, eminent domain, special district, Senate Bill 2858, local government, enforcement mechanisms, public safety, due process, city council, urban counties
Summary:
The committee convened to discuss Senate Bill 2858, which aims to provide stronger enforcement mechanisms for compliance with state laws by local governments. The bill was met with significant opposition from various stakeholders including city council members and representatives from urban counties. They raised concerns that the provisions threaten local autonomy and could lead to severe financial penalties without due process. Specific testimonies highlighted the potential disruption to local budgets and public safety services due to immediate withholding of funds pending litigation outcomes. As such, the supporting and opposing views were thoroughly debated, reflecting the tension between state authority and local governance.
US
Us Congress 2025-2026 Regular Session
Hearings to examine children's safety in the digital era, focusing on strengthening protections and addressing legal gaps. Feb 19th, 2025 at 09:15 am
Senate Judiciary Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- 295" data-time="3528">We believe in a three-pronged approach to online safety: enlightened public policy
- marker="313" data-time="3744">So, Congress has the opportunity to lead with balanced and thoughtful policy
- policies, including passing a comprehensive data privacy
You know, those are certain internal policies.
- data-time="6960"> The deep background about this free internet nascent industry, and when we look at the policies
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on the pressing issues surrounding child safety online, with a particular emphasis on recent legislative efforts aimed at curbing child sexual exploitation and harmful content accessible through social media platforms. Senators engaged in a heated discussion regarding the implications of Big Tech's lobbying efforts against vital bills such as the Stop CSAM Act and the Kids Online Safety Act. Noteworthy testimonies highlighted real-life impacts of online dangers, including tragic cases of child exploitation and drug-related fatalities linked to social media interactions. The bipartisan nature of the committee's commitment to address these issues showcased a collective determination to make the digital environment safer for the younger generation.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Disease Prevention & Women's & Children's Health Mar 27th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House S/C on Disease Prevention & Women's & Children's Health
Transcript Highlights:
- My name is Rachel Wolleman, and I am the Policy Coordinator
- This is a policy initiative that MHM has worked on for a number of legislative sessions as we have become
- My name is Alec Mendoza, and I'm the Senior Policy Associate
- My name is Shannon Jaquette, and I am the policy advocate.
Keywords:
Medicaid, child health, express lane option, income verification, supplemental nutrition assistance, telepharmacy, healthcare access, remote dispensing, rural clinics, pharmacy regulations, health literacy, state health plan, health care, patient outcomes, public health, economic impact, Medicaid, healthcare, breast cancer, cervical cancer
Summary:
In this committee meeting, members engaged in extensive discussions regarding several bills aimed at enhancing public health initiatives in Texas. Notably, House Bill 1295 was introduced to tackle the pressing issue of health literacy, highlighting its critical importance for improving health outcomes and reducing costs within the state's healthcare system. Vice Chair Busey presented House Bill 321, which aims to streamline the enrollment process for Medicaid and CHIP by utilizing data from the SNAP application to ensure that eligible children can access necessary healthcare coverage. Both bills received public testimonies that emphasized the need for better health education and access to health insurance, particularly for children and vulnerable populations in Texas. Witnesses spoke on the societal importance of nurturing a health-conscious generation, thereby laying a moral obligation on policymakers to support such legislative endeavors.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- 1602"> The record shows you are Brent Bennett and you're testifying on behalf of the Texas Public Policy
- I'm Brent Bennett with the Life Care Campaign of the Texas Public Policy Foundation, testifying in support
- span marker="289" data-time="1728">We are the energy campaign arm of TPPF, so we do all the energy policy
- As an industry, we believe in leading by example and supporting policies like this.
Bills:
HB246, HB796, HB1056, HB1544, HB1846, HB2001, HB2618, HB2625, HB2869, HB2898, HB3069, HB3114, HB3157, HB3228, HJR98
Keywords:
federal directives, state authority, Tenth Amendment, government enforcement, local governance, gold standard, legal tender, currency, transactional currency, financial transactions, electronic payment systems, state finance, regulatory compliance, electric trucks, charging infrastructure, advisory council, transportation, sustainability, criminal penalties, official information
Summary:
The committee meeting focused on several important bills aimed at providing support and protections for agricultural producers affected by border-related crimes. Notable discussions centered around HB246, which proposed an expanded compensation program for damages, including not just real property, but also crops, livestock, and the necessary funds for soil restoration due to pollutions from such crimes. Representative Ginn led the conversations, emphasizing the critical role agricultural landowners play in the state’s economy and their need for fair compensation. Witnesses, including stakeholders from agricultural organizations, provided testimonies highlighting the inadequacies of the current framework and the urgency for legislative action.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Land & Resource Management May 1st, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Land & Resource Management Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- >
Preserving strong property rights means having zoning policies
- This bill and support policies that reinforce Texas's commitment
- respect for the idea that local government should make its decisions openly rather than quietly as policy
Texas thrives on clear, consistent policies that ease
Bills:
HB407, HB871, HB882, HB2011, HB3572, HB3578, HB4038, HB4866, HB4897, HB4978, HB5380, HB5555, HB5668, HB5670, HB5674, HB5676, HB5679, HB5688, SB673
Keywords:
solar energy, residential construction, building code, municipal regulations, energy compliance, solar energy, building codes, residential construction, interconnection, municipal regulations, education, funding, teacher support, student resources, school infrastructure, solar energy, residential construction, building code, municipal requirements, environmental sustainability
Summary:
The meeting of the committee involved in-depth discussions on various bills aimed at addressing community needs and rights pertaining to land use and environmental management. Notably, House Bill 2011 proposed a framework for original property owners to repurchase their land under specific conditions when property taxes are not paid by the acquiring entity. Representative Bell articulated concerns regarding the rights of owners affected by eminent domain, engaging with public testimony on the bill's implications. House Bill 5380, presented by Representative Wally, focused on improving access to parkland and green spaces in unincorporated areas, allowing counties to set criteria for parkland dedication, which sparked debates about urban versus rural development considerations and community planning.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Criminal Jurisprudence May 20th, 2025 at 08:05 am
House Criminal Jurisprudence Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- The policy under the current statute allows a non-custodial
- I'm a public policy... I'm here to testify on SB 2794.
- So I'm telling you that I think this is not good constitutional policy, but thank you.
- We've dealt in other policy areas with the clerk's process.
Keywords:
human organs, criminal penalties, physician license, medical ethics, illegal trade, prostitution, criminal offense, felony, Texas Penal Code, human trafficking, traffic safety, criminal offense, automotive control, driving regulations, Texas Transportation Code, organ trafficking, SB456, deepfakes, SB442, child custody
Summary:
The meeting of the Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence was marked by extensive discussions around various legislative bills, including measures to combat organ trafficking and address custody interference issues. Notably, SB456 aimed to impose stronger penalties on organ trafficking, with supporting testimonies emphasizing the severity of the issue, alongside a proposal to enhance existing laws on deepfake media by SB442. The committee sought to tighten the definitions and penalties surrounding these crimes, reflecting a growing urgency to safeguard vulnerable individuals in society.
Witnesses from various organizations echoed the necessity for these legislative changes, presenting evidence and arguments supporting the amendments. The session concluded with positive indications of potential legislative action, as well as plans for further meetings to review additional measures. This well-attended meeting showcased active participation from both committee members and public stakeholders, demonstrating a collective commitment to addressing these pressing legal issues.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs May 19th, 2025
Transcript Highlights:
- That policy allowed us to stay afloat after devastating losses from pesticide exposure and then also
- That means rethinking how we support them through grant programs, access to credit, and policies that
- span marker="529" data-time="3168"> And so, without going down any kind of partisanship, we do have policies
- Economically, we did some of this to ourselves at a national policy
Keywords:
agriculture, House Bill 43, House Bill 4163, Texas Agricultural Finance Authority, municipal regulations, economic crisis, fertilizer, drought, public testimony
Summary:
The meeting of the Senate Committee on Water, Agriculture, and Rural Affairs was marked by critical discussions surrounding several agricultural bills aimed at addressing the challenges faced by the farming community in Texas. Notably, House Bill 43 was presented, which seeks to update the Texas Agricultural Finance Authority to improve financial support for farmers experiencing crisis due to extensive agricultural losses, exacerbated by drought and supply chain issues. The committee heard testimonies from stakeholders emphasizing the urgent need for these reforms to help secure the agricultural industry’s future and ensure support for farmers during these trying times. Another significant topic was House Bill 4163, which aims to relieve agricultural operations from excessive municipal regulations concerning land management along public roadways, highlighting the burdens placed on farmers by local governments.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- What this does is create enforcement on the governmental entities that need to set these policies to
- Could these penalties create a chilling effect on local governments considering policies that protect
- The board had to come up with all of their policies.
- A standard statewide policy.
Keywords:
gender designation, civil penalties, private civil rights, multiple-occupancy spaces, Texas Women's Privacy Act, property tax, homestead exemptions, Senate Bill 9, legislation, tax relief, committee discussions
Summary:
During this committee meeting, significant attention was directed towards property tax relief and reform, notably through discussions led by Senator Bettencourt regarding the upcoming options for homestead exemptions that would be voted on in November. The committee also reviewed a series of bills, including Senate Bill 9, which was presented as a committee substitute. There was a strong emphasis on how the legislation aims to streamline tax guidelines for local government expenditures while balancing taxpayer relief against budgetary constraints. The meeting was characterized by a collaborative atmosphere where committee members shared insights and feedback on the various bills under consideration.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- ...to hear about the many different facets of policy implementation
- Many policies and procedures have been put in place as a
- Texas's status as an economic leader, certainty in tax policy
Keywords:
school district, ad valorem tax, local revenue, tax collection, education funding, border security, tax exemption, ad valorem, real property, infrastructure, Texas-Mexico border, ad valorem taxation, farm products, livestock, timber, tax exemption, death tax, inheritance tax, estate tax, property transfer
Summary:
The meeting of the committee on ways and means centered on several significant bills aimed at addressing property tax issues, particularly regarding agricultural and border security infrastructure. A committee substitute for HB247 was discussed, emphasizing a voluntary approach with private landowners in light of enhanced border security measures, which reassured many stakeholders previously hesitant about such initiatives. Notably, the bill provides tax exemptions for landowners who allow construction of border security infrastructure, effectively alleviating concerns about increased property values leading to higher taxes. Committee members expressed support for transparency and fairness in how these laws impact stakeholders, especially those along the Texas-Mexico border.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- I serve as the policy director for the Workers Defense Action Fund, and I'm here to speak in support
- Director of Policy for Children at Risk and yourself testifying
These are simple policy changes that don't require
Keywords:
healthcare, Medicare, insurance, financial assistance, families, wage theft, employers, penalties, Texas Workforce Commission, employee rights, wage theft, employer database, Texas Workforce Commission, penalties, employee rights, wage theft, employer database, worker rights, penalties, Texas Workforce Commission
Summary:
The meeting of the Workforce Committee included extensive discussions around several key bills, primarily focusing on issues related to wage theft and child care services. Representative Gonzalez presented HB 669, highlighting the significant problem of wage theft affecting low-income workers. Testimonies from various stakeholders underscored the importance of creating a transparent database that would hold employers accountable for wage violations, emphasizing the need for a fair labor market for all workers. Several witnesses provided support for the bill, discussing its potential positive impact on Texas families and businesses.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Appropriations - S/C on Articles I, IV, & V Feb 25th, 2025 at 08:00 am
House Appropriations - S/C on Articles I, IV, & V
Transcript Highlights:
- These include the adoption of new investment policy statement guidelines, guidance, and tools.
- span> To assist public retirement systems in creating effective policies
- I am a policy intern at the National Association of Social Workers Texas.
Keywords:
Texas Public Finance Authority, House Bill 1520, customer rate relief, veteran services, IT enhancements, financial management, state funding
Summary:
The meeting held by the committee featured a series of discussions aimed at addressing key funding requests from various state agencies. Notably, the Texas Public Finance Authority presented updates on their recent issuance of bonds related to House Bill 1520, which was aimed at providing customer rate relief following the winter storm. This was met with appreciation from committee members, highlighting the ongoing need for effective financial management in response to natural disasters. Other discussions included the Texas Veterans Commission's efforts to secure funds for mental health services and enhancements to IT systems, indicative of a broader commitment to improving services for veterans.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband Apr 16th, 2025 at 08:04 am
House S/C on Telecommunications & Broadband
Transcript Highlights:
- data-time="468"> if the federal government changes its funding policies
- So, good public policy would dictate that those resources be used first for the purposes...
- 397" data-time="2376"> Not a new practice and reflects more than a century of legal precedent and policy
Keywords:
telecommunications, local exchange companies, universal service fund, rate maintenance, business expansion, broadband access, internet service, multiunit residential properties, urban areas, affordability programs, fiber-optic cables, public land, construction permits, environmental impact, notification requirements, telecommunications, municipal projects, infrastructure, facility relocation, public right-of-way
Summary:
The Subcommittee on Telecommunications and Broadband convened to discuss several important bills aimed at improving broadband infrastructure and managing the financial responsibilities associated with utility right-of-way relocation. Notably, Chair Morales advocated for HB3953, focused on assessing broadband availability in multifamily housing, highlighting significant gaps observed during the COVID-19 pandemic where families struggled to access necessary internet services for education. Testimonies were provided by various stakeholders, underlining the critical nature of broadband accessibility for vulnerable populations, including low-income families and students.
TX
Transcript Highlights:
- Senate Bill 2082 is a narrowly-tailored solution to a critical policy gap. It's simple.
- ...of agency requirements, rules, policy, and scientific
- In the interpretation of agency rules, policies, and legal
Keywords:
concrete crushing, hospital proximity, environmental regulation, public health, zoning laws, concrete plants, standard permit, construction regulation, environmental compliance, health and safety code, water rights, property transfer, disclosure requirements, coastal property, Texas legislation, real estate, environmental impact, Gulf of America, coastal resources, Texas sovereignty
Summary:
The meeting of the committee convened to discuss multiple bills including SCR48, SB2351, SB2550, SB2203, SB410, and SB2082. Notably, Senator Miles presented SB2082, which aims to prevent concrete crushing facilities from operating near hospitals, following community outcry over health concerns linked to air pollution. The committee heard public testimony from various stakeholders, highlighting the community's significant opposition to such facilities in close proximity to critical healthcare services. Senator Alvarado's SB2351, addressing concrete plant regulations, was supported with favorable votes but faced concerns over the environmental implications of expansion requests. The meeting concluded with a recommendation for several bills to move forward to the full Senate for consideration.
TX
Texas 2025 - 89th Regular
Environmental Regulation May 8th, 2025 at 10:05 am
House Environmental Regulation Committee
Transcript Highlights:
- I show you registered as Leah Formont on behalf of the Texas Public Policy Foundation for the bill.
- My name is Leah Formont, policy analyst at the Texas Public Policy Foundation, and I'm here today to
- So again, Texas Water Association is a state association focused on sound water policy for Texas.
- ...of advocating for good policy rooted in sound science
We believe that good policy comes from good science
Keywords:
hydrogen sulfide, public health, environmental regulation, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, ground level concentrations, emissions limit, hydrogen sulfide, public health, environmental regulation, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, emissions limits, ground-level concentrations, hydrogen sulfide, public health, air quality, environmental regulation, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, PFAS, agriculture, environmental protection
Summary:
The committee meeting primarily focused on the discussion of various environmental legislative bills, notably HB1341, which sets maximum allowable ground level concentrations of hydrogen sulfide, and HB1674 regarding PFAS regulations in biosolids. Representative Reynolds presented HB1341, emphasizing the health risks associated with hydrogen sulfide and the need for clear regulatory standards to protect communities near industrial operations. This received support from health advocates and oversight bodies, highlighting the urgent need for regulations to safeguard public health. Meanwhile, HB1674 faced significant opposition, particularly from environmental organizations which argued that the bill's provisions could disrupt biosolid disposal processes and increase costs significantly. Many testimony segments reflected concerns regarding the adequacy of scientific understanding related to PFAS and its implications for agricultural safety and water quality.