Rhode Island 2025 Regular Session

Rhode Island Senate Bill S0884 Compare Versions

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55 2025 -- S 0884
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99 S T A T E O F R H O D E I S L A N D
1010 IN GENERAL ASSEMBLY
1111 JANUARY SESSION, A.D. 2025
1212 ____________
1313
1414 A N A C T
1515 RELATING TO COMMERCI AL LAW -- GENERAL REGULATORY PROVISION S --
1616 RIGHT TO CONSUMER AC CESS TO POWERED WHEE LCHAIR REPAIRS
1717 Introduced By: Senators McKenney, Britto, DiPalma, Lawson, Tikoian, and LaMountain
1818 Date Introduced: March 27, 2025
1919 Referred To: Senate Commerce
2020
2121
2222 It is enacted by the General Assembly as follows:
2323 SECTION 1. Title 6 of the General Laws entitled "COMMERCIAL LAW — GENERAL 1
2424 REGULATORY PROVISIONS" is hereby amended by adding thereto the following chapter: 2
2525 CHAPTER 61 3
2626 RIGHT TO CONSUMER ACCESS TO POWERED WHEELCHAIR REPAIRS 4
2727 6-61-1. Definitions. 5
2828 For purposes of this chapter, unless the context otherwise requires: 6
2929 (1) “Authorized repair supplier” means an individual or business who is unaffiliated with 7
3030 an original equipment manufacturer and who has an arrangement with the original equipment 8
3131 manufacturer, for a definite or indefinite period, under which the original equipment manufacturer 9
3232 grants to the individual or business a license to use a trade name, service mark, or other proprietary 10
3333 identifier for the purposes of offering the services of inspection, diagnosis, maintenance, or repair 11
3434 of powered wheelchairs under the name of the original equipment manufacturer, or other 12
3535 arrangement with the original equipment manufacturer to offer those services on behalf of the 13
3636 original equipment manufacturer. An original equipment manufacturer who offers the services of 14
3737 inspection, diagnosis, maintenance, or repair of its own powered wheelchairs, and who does not 15
3838 have an arrangement with an unaffiliated individual or business, shall be considered an authorized 16
3939 repair supplier with respect to that equipment. 17
4040 (2) “Commissioner” means the health insurance commissioner. 18
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4444 (3) “Complex manual wheelchair” means manually driven complex wheelchair that can 1
4545 accommodate rehabilitative accessories and features. 2
4646 (4) “Complex power wheelchair” means a power-driven complex wheelchair, as defined 3
4747 by the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (“CMS”) that is classified as a Group 2 power 4
4848 wheelchair with power options that can accommodate rehabilitative features to include, but not 5
4949 limited to, tilt in space; or a Group 3, Group 4 or Group 5 power wheelchair. 6
5050 (5) “Complex rehabilitation technology (CRT)” or “complex wheelchair” means items that 7
5151 are individually configured for individuals to meet their specific and unique medical, physical, and 8
5252 functional needs and capacities for basic activities of daily living and instrumental activities of 9
5353 daily living identified as medically necessary, and shall include options and accessories related to 10
5454 any of such items. Current healthcare common procedure coding system (“HCPCS”) shall fall 11
5555 under the definition of complex rehabilitation technology, and any amendments to HCPCS 12
5656 subsequently added or created by the federal government shall be included within the definition of 13
5757 complex rehabilitation technology and shall be added to the covered HCPC list. 14
5858 (6) “Complex rehabilitation wheelchair manufacturer” or “manufacturer” means a person 15
5959 or company that designs, develops, tests, and produces finished systems or components of those 16
6060 systems and sells all products or components to: 17
6161 (i) Authorized providers for distribution; or 18
6262 (ii) To other manufacturers for the production of more complex wheelchair systems. 19
6363 Manufacturers are also responsible for maintaining compliance with relevant production 20
6464 regulations and standards and reporting as designated by federal and state authorities. 21
6565 (7) “Consumer” means a member of a health carrier who uses a complex rehab technology 22
6666 with which the CRT supplier has a contractual relationship. 23
6767 (8) “Consumer-owned backup complex power wheelchair” means a retired power 24
6868 wheelchair, that can be safely used by the consumer when a manual backup or suitable loaner 25
6969 wheelchair cannot be supplied to meet the consumer’s medical needs. 26
7070 (9) “Covered person” means a policyholder, subscriber, or other person participating in a 27
7171 policy, contract, or plan that provides for third-party payment or prepayment of health or medical 28
7272 expenses. 29
7373 (10) “Defect” means an abnormality that impairs the quality, function, or utility of a 30
7474 wheelchair from its intended design and purpose. 31
7575 (11) "Department" means the department of business regulation established pursuant to the 32
7676 provisions of chapter 14 of title 42. 33
7777 (12) “Embedded software” means any programmable instructions provided on firmware 34
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8181 delivered with an electronic component of equipment, or with a part for that equipment, for 1
8282 purposes of equipment operation, including all relevant patches and fixes made by the manufacturer 2
8383 of the equipment or part for these purposes. 3
8484 (13) “Evaluation/diagnostic time” means time and labor during which a qualified 4
8585 technician troubleshoots and diagnoses any wheelchair adjustments or repair needs. 5
8686 (14) “Executive office” means the executive office of health and human services, the 6
8787 agency designated by state law and the Medicaid state plan as the Medicaid single state agency. 7
8888 (15) “Fair and reasonable terms and costs,” with respect to obtaining manufacturer 8
8989 documentation, parts, embedded software, firmware, or tools from a manufacturer to provide 9
9090 services, means terms that are equivalent to the most favorable terms that the manufacturer offers 10
9191 to an authorized repair supplier and costs to the buyer that are no greater than the manufacturer’s 11
9292 suggested retail price: 12
9393 (i) For documentation, including any relevant updates, “fair and reasonable terms and 13
9494 costs” also means at no charge, except that, when the documentation is requested in physical printed 14
9595 form, a charge may be included for the reasonable actual costs of preparing and sending the copy; 15
9696 (ii) For software tools, “fair and reasonable terms and costs” also means all of the 16
9797 following: 17
9898 (A) Provided at no charge and without requiring authorization or Internet access; 18
9999 (B) Without imposing impediments to access or use, in the course of effecting the 19
100100 diagnosis, maintenance, or repair and without impairing the efficient and cost-effective 20
101101 performance of the diagnosis, maintenance, or repair; 21
102102 (C) Enables full functionality; 22
103103 (iii) If an original equipment manufacturer does not utilize an authorized repair supplier, 23
104104 “fair and reasonable terms and costs” means an equitable price charged to the buyer in consideration 24
105105 of the actual cost to the original equipment manufacturer to prepare and distribute the part, tool, 25
106106 service access method, or documentation, exclusive of any research and development costs 26
107107 incurred. 27
108108 (16) “Firmware” means a software program or set of instructions programmed on 28
109109 equipment, or on a part for that equipment, to allow the equipment or part to communicate within 29
110110 itself or with other computer hardware. 30
111111 (17) “Health care professional” means an individual who is licensed, registered, or certified 31
112112 under federal or state law or regulation to provide health care services. 32
113113 (18) “Health plan” or “payer” means an entity subject to the insurance laws of this state, or 33
114114 subject to the jurisdiction of the commissioner, that contracts or offers to contract to provide health 34
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118118 insurance coverage including, but not limited to, an insurance company, a health maintenance 1
119119 organization and a nonprofit hospital and medical service corporation. 2
120120 (19) “Independent repair provider” means an individual or business, other than the 3
121121 manufacturer, that is engaged in the services of inspection, diagnosis, maintenance, or repair of 4
122122 equipment for the purposes of returning it to the safety and performance specifications established 5
123123 by the manufacturer and to meet its original intended use. 6
124124 (20) “Inoperable” means when a wheelchair becomes unusable due to a mechanical or 7
125125 electronic breakdown or failure. 8
126126 (21) “Loaner” means a properly working wheelchair that performs the essential functions 9
127127 of the original wheelchair and that is provided to the consumer on a temporary basis while the 10
128128 consumer’s wheelchair is being repaired/replaced. A “loaner” wheelchair is further defined to be 11
129129 in good working order, does not create any threat to the consumer’s health or safety, and need not 12
130130 be new or identical to or have the same functional capabilities as those of the original wheelchair. 13
131131 (22) “Manufacturer documentation” means any manual, diagram, reporting output, service 14
132132 code description, schematic, or other guidance or information used in effecting the services of 15
133133 inspection, diagnosis, maintenance, or repair of powered wheelchairs. 16
134134 (23) “Medical documentation” means any chart notes, letters of medical necessity, 17
135135 prescriptions, or other clinical documentation demonstrating the initial or continued medical 18
136136 necessity of qualifying complex rehabilitation technology. 19
137137 (24) “Non-conformity” means a condition or defect that significantly impairs the use, 20
138138 value, function or safety of an assistive device or any of its components, but does not include a 21
139139 condition or defect of the device that is the result of: 22
140140 (i) Abuse, misuse or neglect by a consumer; 23
141141 (ii) Modifications or alterations not authorized by the manufacturer; 24
142142 (iii) Normal wear; 25
143143 (iv) Normal use which may be resolved through a fitting adjustment, routine maintenance, 26
144144 preventative maintenance or proper care; or 27
145145 (v) A consumer's failure to follow any manufacturer's written service and maintenance 28
146146 guidelines furnished to the customer at the time of purchase. 29
147147 (25) “Prior authorization” means any requirement held by the payer that the covered person 30
148148 or the qualified complex rehabilitation technology supplier obtain written or verbal approval from 31
149149 the payer [or other insurer] before completing needed services or providing equipment to a covered 32
150150 person. 33
151151 (26) “Qualified complex rehabilitation technology professional” means an individual who 34
152152
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155155 is certified as an assistive technology professional (ATP) by a professional organization providing 1
156156 certification of assistive technology professions. 2
157157 (27) “Qualified complex rehabilitation technology supplier” or “supplier” means a 3
158158 company or entity that meets all of the following criteria: 4
159159 (i) Is accredited by a recognized accrediting organization as a supplier of complex 5
160160 rehabilitation technology; 6
161161 (ii) Is an employer of at least one qualified complex rehabilitation technology professional 7
162162 to analyze the needs and capacities of the complex needs consumer in consultation with qualified 8
163163 health care professionals, to participate in the selection of appropriate complex rehabilitation 9
164164 technology for those needs and capacities of the complex needs consumer, and to provide training 10
165165 in the proper use of the complex rehabilitation technology; 11
166166 (iii) Requires a qualified complex rehabilitation technology professional to be physically 12
167167 present for the evaluation and determination of appropriate complex rehabilitation technology for 13
168168 a complex needs consumer; 14
169169 (iv) Has the capability to provide service and repair by trained technicians for all complex 15
170170 rehabilitation technology it sells; and 16
171171 (v) Provides written information at the time of delivery of the complex rehabilitation 17
172172 technology to the complex needs consumer stating how the complex needs consumer may receive 18
173173 service and repair for the complex rehabilitation technology. 19
174174 (28) “Recipient” means a person receiving benefits under the state Medicaid program, 20
175175 including a person whose Medicaid eligibility is being redetermined. 21
176176 (29) “Third party payer” means an entity other than the consumer of healthcare supplier, 22
177177 that reimburses and manages health care expenses, such as insurance companies and government 23
178178 payers. 24
179179 (30) “Tools” means any software program, hardware, or other apparatus used in inspection, 25
180180 diagnosis, maintenance, or repair of powered wheelchairs, including software or other mechanisms 26
181181 that provision, program, or pair a new part, calibrate functionality, or perform any other function 27
182182 required to bring the product back to fully functional condition. 28
183183 (31) “Trade secret” shall have the same meaning as set forth in § 6-41-1. 29
184184 (32) “Trip/travel allowance” means compensation for travel to the recipient’s home or 30
185185 location for the purpose of facilitating a repair to a complex wheelchair. 31
186186 (33) “Warranty” means a guarantee made by a manufacturer regarding the integrity or 32
187187 condition of the product and the terms and conditions under which repairs, refunds, or exchanges 33
188188 shall be made if the product does not function as originally described or intended within a specified 34
189189
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192192 period. 1
193193 6-61-2. No prior authorization for repair of complex wheelchairs. 2
194194 (a) A health plan’s coverage and payment of complex wheelchair repairs shall not require: 3
195195 (1) A qualified complex rehabilitation technology supplier to obtain any form of prior 4
196196 authorization; or 5
197197 (2) Any medical documentation to complete repairs for consumer-owned complex 6
198198 rehabilitation technology. 7
199199 (b) The complex rehabilitation technology supplier shall maintain documentation of any 8
200200 repairs and/or maintenance completed for consumer-owned complex wheelchairs. Such 9
201201 documentation shall not be subject to general audits. 10
202202 6-61-3. Requirement for suppliers to service what they sell. 11
203203 A supplier who sells complex power or complex manual wheelchairs shall meet the criteria 12
204204 of a "qualified complex rehabilitation technology supplier", as defined in § 6-61-1 and for complex 13
205205 wheelchairs that a supplier has sold, the supplier is required to offer service and repairs during the 14
206206 wheelchair’s useful life expectancy, unless: 15
207207 (1) The consumer has moved outside of the original supplier's service area; 16
208208 (2) The damage that requires repair is the result of consumer abuse or misuse of the 17
209209 equipment that restricts coverage by the client's health plan, and the client refuses to pay for the 18
210210 repairs; or 19
211211 (3) The consumer or their representative poses a potential threat to the health and safety of 20
212212 the supplier or is otherwise abusive. 21
213213 6-61-4. Consumer access to parts -- Self repairs. 22
214214 (a) For the purpose of providing services for power wheelchair equipment, an original 23
215215 equipment manufacturer shall, with fair and reasonable terms and costs, make available, as defined 24
216216 in § 6-61-1, to an independent repair supplier or consumer of the manufacturer’s equipment, 25
217217 manufacturer documentation, parts, embedded software, firmware, or tools that are intended for 26
218218 use with the equipment or any part, including updates to documentation, parts, embedded software, 27
219219 firmware, or tools. 28
220220 (b) With respect to power wheelchair equipment that contains an electronic security lock 29
221221 or other security-related function, an original power wheelchair equipment manufacturer shall, with 30
222222 fair and reasonable terms and costs, make available to independent repair suppliers and owners any 31
223223 manufacturer documentation, parts, embedded software, firmware, or tools needed to reset the lock 32
224224 or function when disabled in the course of providing services. The manufacturer may make the 33
225225 documentation, parts, embedded software, firmware, or tools available to independent repair 34
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229229 suppliers and consumers through appropriate secure release systems. 1
230230 (c) For powered wheelchairs, consumers can self-repair or have repairs performed by an 2
231231 independent repair supplier. This section shall not apply to any part(s) requiring programmability, 3
232232 calibration, or clinical involvement to ensure appropriate consumer seating and positioning. Items 4
233233 included in this section for powered wheelchairs shall include: 5
234234 (1) Batteries; 6
235235 (2) Battery chargers; 7
236236 (3) Nonprogrammable joysticks; 8
237237 (4) Joystick housings or brackets; 9
238238 (5) Wheel assembly; 10
239239 (6) Non-positioning accessories; 11
240240 (7) Anti-tip devices; 12
241241 (8) Armrests, excluding positioning components, designed for adjustment by a therapist or 13
242242 assistive technology professional; 14
243243 (9) Caster spheres; 15
244244 (10) Cosmetic shrouding; and 16
245245 (11) Nonpowered leg lowers. 17
246246 (d) This chapter does not require an original power wheelchair equipment manufacturer to 18
247247 divulge a trade secret, except as necessary to provide documentation, parts, tools, service access 19
248248 methods, and training courses and materials on fair and reasonable terms. An original equipment 20
249249 manufacturer may redact documentation to remove trade secrets from the documentation before 21
250250 providing access to the documentation if the usability of the redacted documentation for the purpose 22
251251 of providing services is not diminished. An original equipment manufacturer may withhold 23
252252 information regarding a component of, design of, functionality of, or process of developing a part, 24
253253 embedded software, firmware, or a tool if the information is a trade secret and the usability of the 25
254254 part, embedded software, firmware, or tool for the purpose of providing services is not diminished. 26
255255 (e) An original power wheelchair manufacturer which fails to produce a replacement part 27
256256 because the part is out of stock and the manufacturer is unable to obtain the part, shall not be subject 28
257257 to the penalties as provided in chapter 13.1 of title 6 if the original equipment manufacturer does 29
258258 the following: 30
259259 (1) Informs the consumer or independent repair provider that the part is out of stock, and, 31
260260 consequently, the manufacturer is unable to obtain the part; and 32
261261 (2) Makes the part available to the consumer or independent repair provider within five (5) 33
262262 business days of when the part becomes available. 34
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266266 (f) An original equipment manufacturer is not liable for faulty or otherwise improper 1
267267 repairs provided by independent repair suppliers or owners, including faulty or otherwise improper 2
268268 repairs that cause any of the following: 3
269269 (1) Damage to a powered wheelchair that occurs during the repairs; 4
270270 (2) Any indirect, incidental, or consequential damages; or 5
271271 (3) An inability to use, or a reduced functionality of, a powered wheelchair resulting from 6
272272 faulty or otherwise improper repair. 7
273273 6-61-5. Rules and regulations. 8
274274 The department of business regulation may promulgate rules and regulations to implement 9
275275 and enforce the provisions of §§ 6-61-2, 6-61-3 and 6-61-2. 10
276276 6-61-6. Application and scope. 11
277277 (a) This chapter applies to the following classes of third-party payment supplier contracts, 12
278278 policies, or plans delivered, issued for delivery, continued, or renewed in this state on or after 13
279279 January 1, 2026: 14
280280 (1) Individual or group accident and sickness insurance providing coverage, pursuant to 15
281281 chapter 18 of title 27, on an expense incurred basis; and 16
282282 (2) An individual or group hospital, chapter 19 of title 27 or medical service contract issued 17
283283 pursuant to chapter 20 of title 27; and 18
284284 (3) An individual or group health maintenance organization contract regulated under 19
285285 chapter 41 of title 27; and 20
286286 (4) A plan established for public employees pursuant to chapter 12 of title 36; and 21
287287 (5) The medical assistance program under chapter 8 of title 40 including all managed care 22
288288 organizations acting pursuant to a contract with the executive office of health and human services 23
289289 to administer the medical assistance program. 24
290290 (b) The commissioner may promulgate rules and regulations to implement and enforce the 25
291291 provisions of this section. 26
292292 SECTION 2. This act shall take effect upon passage. 27
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299299 EXPLANATION
300300 BY THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL
301301 OF
302302 A N A C T
303303 RELATING TO COMMERCI AL LAW -- GENERAL REGULATORY PROVISIONS --
304304 RIGHT TO CONSUMER AC CESS TO POWERED WHEE LCHAIR REPAIRS
305305 ***
306306 This act would provide that original power wheelchair equipment manufacturers would be 1
307307 required to provide to independent service providers repair information and tools to maintain and 2
308308 repair original power wheelchair equipment. 3
309309 This act would take effect upon passage. 4
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