Tennessee 2025-2026 Regular Session

Tennessee Senate Bill SB0984 Compare Versions

Only one version of the bill is available at this time.

Old	New	Differences
1	1
2	2	<BillNo> <Sponsor>
3	3
4	4	SENATE BILL 984
5	5	By Southerland
6	6
7	7
8	8	SB0984
9	9	000497
10	10	- 1 -
11	11
12	12	AN ACT to amend Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 8;
13	13	Title 30; Title 31; Title 32; Title 35; Title 55; Title 66
14	14	and Title 67, relative to property.
15	15
16	16	BE IT ENACTED BY THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF THE STATE OF TENNESSEE:
17	17	SECTION 1. Tennessee Code Annotated, Title 31, is amended by adding the following
18	18	as a new chapter 8:
19	19	31-8-101. Short title.
20	20	This chapter is known and may be cited as the "Uniform Real Property Transfer
21	21	on Death Act."
22	22	31-8-102. Chapter definitions.
23	23	As used in this chapter:
24	24	(1) "Beneficiary" means a person that receives property under a transfer
25	25	on death deed;
26	26	(2) "Designated beneficiary" means a person designated to receive
27	27	property in a transfer on death deed;
28	28	(3) "Joint owner":
29	29	(A) Means an individual who owns property concurrently with one
30	30	(1) or more other individuals with a right of survivorship;
31	31	(B) Includes a joint tenant and tenant by the entirety; and
32	32	(C) Does not include a tenant in common or joint tenant with no
33	33	right of survivorship;
34	34	(4) "Person" means an individual; corporation; business trust; estate;
35	35	trust; partnership; limited liability company; association; joint venture; public
36	36
37	37
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39	39
40	40	corporation; government or governmental subdivision, agency, or instrumentality;
41	41	or any other legal or commercial entity;
42	42	(5) "Property" means an interest in real property located in this state that
43	43	is transferable on the death of the owner;
44	44	(6) "Transfer on death deed" means a deed authorized under this
45	45	chapter; and
46	46	(7) "Transferor" means an individual who makes a transfer on death
47	47	deed.
48	48	31-8-103. Applicability.
49	49	This chapter applies to a transfer on death deed made before, on, or after July 1,
50	50	2025, by a transferor dying on or after July 1, 2025.
51	51	31-8-104. Nonexclusivity.
52	52	This chapter does not affect any method of transferring property otherwise
53	53	permitted under the law of this state.
54	54	31-8-105. Transfer on death deed authorized.
55	55	An individual may transfer property to one (1) or more beneficiaries effective at
56	56	the transferor's death by a transfer on death deed.
57	57	31-8-106. Transfer on death deed revocable.
58	58	A transfer on death deed is revocable even if the deed or another instrument
59	59	contains a contrary provision.
60	60	31-8-107. Transfer on death deed nontestamentary.
61	61	A transfer on death deed is nontestamentary.
62	62	31-8-108. Capacity of transferor.
63	63	The capacity required to make or revoke a transfer on death deed is the same as
64	64	the capacity required to make a will.
65	65
66	66
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68	68
69	69	31-8-109. Requirements.
70	70	A transfer on death deed:
71	71	(1) Except as otherwise provided in subdivision (2), must contain the
72	72	essential elements and formalities of a properly recordable inter vivos deed;
73	73	(2) Must state that the transfer to the designated beneficiary is to occur at
74	74	the transferor's death; and
75	75	(3) Must be recorded before the transferor's death in the public records in
76	76	the office of the county register of deeds of the county where the property is
77	77	located.
78	78	31-8-110. Notice, delivery, acceptance, consideration not required.
79	79	A transfer on death deed is effective without:
80	80	(1) Notice or delivery to, or acceptance by, the designated beneficiary
81	81	during the transferor's life; or
82	82	(2) Consideration.
83	83	31-8-111. Revocation by instrument authorized – Revocation by act not permitted.
84	84	(a) Subject to subsection (b), an instrument is effective to revoke a recorded
85	85	transfer on death deed, or any part of it, only if the instrument:
86	86	(1) Is one (1) of the following:
87	87	(A) A transfer on death deed that revokes the deed or part of the
88	88	deed expressly or by inconsistency;
89	89	(B) An instrument of revocation that expressly revokes the deed
90	90	or part of the deed; or
91	91	(C) An inter vivos deed that expressly revokes the transfer on
92	92	death deed or part of the deed; and
93	93
94	94
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96	96
97	97	(2) Is acknowledged by the transferor after the acknowledgment of the
98	98	deed being revoked and recorded before the transferor's death in the public
99	99	records in the office of the county register of deeds of the county where the deed
100	100	is recorded.
101	101	(b) If a transfer on death deed is made by more than one (1) transferor:
102	102	(1) Revocation by a transferor does not affect the deed as to the interest
103	103	of another transferor; and
104	104	(2) A deed of joint owners is revoked only if it is revoked by all of the
105	105	living joint owners.
106	106	(c) After a transfer on death deed is recorded, it may not be revoked by a
107	107	revocatory act on the deed.
108	108	(d) This section does not limit the effect of an inter vivos transfer of the property.
109	109	31-8-112. Effect of transfer on death deed during transferor's life.
110	110	During a transferor’s life, a transfer on death deed does not:
111	111	(1) Affect an interest or right of the transferor or any other owner,
112	112	including the right to transfer or encumber the property;
113	113	(2) Affect an interest or right of a transferee, even if the transferee has
114	114	actual or constructive notice of the deed;
115	115	(3) Affect an interest or right of a secured or unsecured creditor or future
116	116	creditor of the transferor, even if the creditor has actual or constructive notice of
117	117	the deed;
118	118	(4) Affect the transferor's or designated beneficiary's eligibility for any
119	119	form of public assistance unless required by federal law;
120	120	(5) Create a legal or equitable interest in favor of the designated
121	121	beneficiary; or
122	122
123	123
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125	125
126	126	(6) Subject the property to claims or process of a creditor of the
127	127	designated beneficiary.
128	128	31-8-113. Effect of transfer on death deed at transferor's death.
129	129	(a) Except as otherwise provided in the transfer on death deed, this section; §
130	130	32-3-104; § 31-1-102; § 31-1-106; or chapter 3 or 4 of this title, upon the death of the
131	131	transferor, the following rules apply to property that is the subject of a transfer on death
132	132	deed and owned by the transferor at death:
133	133	(1) Subject to subdivision (a)(2), the interest in the property is transferred
134	134	to and vests in the designated beneficiary in accordance with the deed;
135	135	(2) The interest of a designated beneficiary is contingent on the
136	136	designated beneficiary surviving the transferor. The interest of a designated
137	137	beneficiary that fails to survive the transferor lapses;
138	138	(3) Subject to subdivision (a)(4), concurrent interests are transferred to
139	139	the beneficiaries in equal and undivided shares with no right of survivorship; and
140	140	(4) If the transferor has identified two (2) or more designated
141	141	beneficiaries to receive concurrent interests in the property, the share of one (1)
142	142	that lapses or fails for any reason is transferred to the other, or to the others in
143	143	proportion to the interest of each in the remaining part of the property held
144	144	concurrently.
145	145	(b) Subject to §§ 66-5-106; 66-26-101; and title 66, chapter 24, a beneficiary
146	146	takes the property subject to all conveyances, encumbrances, assignments, contracts,
147	147	mortgages, liens, claims of the bureau of TennCare or successor entity for medical
148	148	assistance, and other interests to which the property is subject at the transferor's death.
149	149	For purposes of this title and title 66, the recording of the transfer on death deed is
150	150	deemed to have occurred at the transferor's death.
151	151
152	152
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154	154
155	155	(c) If a transferor is a joint owner and is:
156	156	(1) Survived by one (1) or more other joint owners, then the property that
157	157	is the subject of a transfer on death deed belongs to the surviving joint owner or
158	158	owners with right of survivorship; or
159	159	(2) The last surviving joint owner, then the transfer on death deed is
160	160	effective.
161	161	(d) A transfer on death deed transfers property without covenant or warranty of
162	162	title even if the deed contains a contrary provision.
163	163	31-8-114. Disclaimer.
164	164	A beneficiary may disclaim all or part of the beneficiary's interest as provided in
165	165	the Tennessee Disclaimer of Property Interests Act, compiled in chapter 7 of this title.
166	166	31-8-115. Delivery or filing.
167	167	(a) As used in this section, "beneficiary designation" means an instrument, other
168	168	than an instrument creating a trust, naming the beneficiary of:
169	169	(1) An annuity or insurance policy;
170	170	(2) An account with a designation for payment on death;
171	171	(3) A security registered in beneficiary form;
172	172	(4) A pension, profit-sharing, retirement, or other employment-related
173	173	benefit plan; or
174	174	(5) Any other nonprobate transfer at death.
175	175	(b) Subject to subsections (c)-(l), delivery of a disclaimer may be effected by
176	176	personal delivery, first-class mail, or any other method likely to result in its receipt.
177	177	(c) In the case of an interest created under the law of intestate succession or an
178	178	interest created by will, other than an interest in a testamentary trust:
179	179
180	180
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182	182
183	183	(1) A disclaimer must be delivered to the personal representative of the
184	184	decedent's estate; or
185	185	(2) If no personal representative is then serving, it must be filed with a
186	186	court having jurisdiction to appoint the personal representative.
187	187	(d) In the case of an interest in a testamentary trust:
188	188	(1) A disclaimer must be delivered to the trustee then serving, or if no
189	189	trustee is then serving, to the personal representative of the decedent's estate; or
190	190	(2) If no personal representative is then serving, it must be filed with a
191	191	court having jurisdiction to enforce the trust.
192	192	(e) In the case of an interest in an inter vivos trust:
193	193	(1) A disclaimer must be delivered to the trustee then serving;
194	194	(2) If no trustee is then serving, it must be filed with a court having
195	195	jurisdiction to enforce the trust; or
196	196	(3) If the disclaimer is made before the time the instrument creating the
197	197	trust becomes irrevocable, it must be delivered to the settlor of a revocable trust
198	198	or the transferor of the interest.
199	199	(f) In the case of an interest created by a beneficiary designation that is
200	200	disclaimed before the designation becomes irrevocable, the disclaimer must be
201	201	delivered to the person making the beneficiary designation.
202	202	(g) In the case of an interest created by a beneficiary designation that is
203	203	disclaimed after the designation becomes irrevocable:
204	204	(1) The disclaimer of an interest in personal property must be delivered
205	205	to the person obligated to distribute the interest; and
206	206
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209	209
210	210	(2) The disclaimer of an interest in real property must be recorded in the
211	211	office of the county register of deeds of the county where the real property that is
212	212	the subject of the disclaimer is located.
213	213	(h) In the case of a disclaimer by a surviving holder of jointly held property, the
214	214	disclaimer must be delivered to the person to whom the disclaimed interest passes.
215	215	(i) In the case of a disclaimer by an object or taker in default of exercise of a
216	216	power of appointment at any time after the power was created:
217	217	(1) The disclaimer must be delivered to the holder of the power or to the
218	218	fiduciary acting under the instrument that created the power; or
219	219	(2) If no fiduciary is then serving, it must be filed with a court having
220	220	authority to appoint the fiduciary.
221	221	(j) In the case of a disclaimer by an appointee of a nonfiduciary power of
222	222	appointment:
223	223	(1) The disclaimer must be delivered to the holder, the personal
224	224	representative of the holder's estate, or the fiduciary under the instrument that
225	225	created the power; or
226	226	(2) If no fiduciary is then serving, it must be filed with a court having
227	227	authority to appoint the fiduciary.
228	228	(k) In the case of a disclaimer by a fiduciary of a power over a trust or estate, the
229	229	disclaimer must be delivered as provided in subsection (c), (d), or (e), as if the power
230	230	disclaimed were an interest in property.
231	231	(l) In the case of a disclaimer of a power by an agent, the disclaimer must be
232	232	delivered to the principal or the principal's representative.
233	233	31-8-116. Recording of disclaimer.
234	234
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237	237
238	238	If an instrument transferring an interest in or power over property subject to a
239	239	disclaimer is required or permitted by law to be filed, recorded, or registered, then the
240	240	disclaimer may be so filed, recorded, or registered. Except as otherwise provided in §
241	241	31-8-115(g)(2), failure to file, record, or register the disclaimer does not affect its validity
242	242	as between the disclaimant and persons to whom the property interest or power passes
243	243	by reason of the disclaimer.
244	244	31-8-117. Liability for creditor claims and statutory allowances.
245	245	(a) To the extent the transferor's probate estate is insufficient to satisfy an
246	246	allowed claim against the estate or a statutory allowance to a surviving spouse or child,
247	247	the estate or any creditor may enforce the liability against property transferred at the
248	248	transferor's death by a transfer on death deed.
249	249	(b) If more than one (1) property is transferred by one (1) or more transfer on
250	250	death deeds, then the liability under subsection (a) is apportioned among the properties
251	251	in proportion to their net values at the transferor's death.
252	252	(c) A proceeding to enforce the liability under this section must be commenced
253	253	not later than eighteen (18) months after the transferor's death.
254	254	31-8-118. Form of transfer on death deed.
255	255	The following form may be used to create a transfer on death deed; provided,
256	256	however, the other sections of this chapter govern the effect of this or any other
257	257	instrument used to create a transfer on death deed:
258	258	(front of form)
259	259	REVOCABLE TRANSFER ON DEATH DEED
260	260	NOTICE TO OWNER
261	261
262	262
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264	264
265	265	This deed will transfer ownership of the property described below when you die.
266	266	You should carefully read all of the information on this form. You should consult a
267	267	lawyer before using this form.
268	268	This form must be recorded with the register of deeds before your death, or it will
269	269	not be effective. Any change to this deed must also be recorded to be effective.
270	270
271	271	IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
272	272	Owner or Owners Making This Deed:
273	273	___________________________ ______________________________
274	274	Printed name Mailing address
275	275	___________________________
276	276	Marital status
277	277	___________________________ ______________________________
278	278	Printed name Mailing address
279	279	___________________________
280	280	Marital status
281	281	Legal description of the property:
282	282	____________________________________________________________
283	283
284	284	PRIMARY BENEFICIARY
285	285	I designate the following beneficiary if the beneficiary survives me.
286	286	___________________________ _______________________________
287	287	Printed name Mailing address, if available
288	288
289	289	ALTERNATE BENEFICIARY – Optional
290	290	If my primary beneficiary does not survive me, I designate the following alternate
291	291	beneficiary if that beneficiary survives me.
292	292	___________________________ _______________________________
293	293
294	294
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296	296
297	297	Printed name Mailing address, if available
298	298
299	299	TRANSFER ON DEATH
300	300	At my death, I transfer my interest in the described property to the beneficiaries
301	301	as designated above.
302	302	Before my death, I have the right to revoke this deed.
303	303
304	304	SIGNATURE OF OWNER OR OWNERS MAKING THIS DEED
305	305	_______________________________ __________________________
306	306	Signature Date
307	307
308	308	_______________________________ __________________________
309	309	Signature Date
310	310
311	311	State of Tennessee
312	312	County of _______________
313	313
314	314	Personally appeared before me, ___________, a notary public in and for the state and
315	315	county aforesaid, ______________________, the within named person(s), with whom I
316	316	am personally acquainted or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence, and
317	317	who acknowledged that such person was the one who executed the foregoing
318	318	instrument for the purposes therein contained.
319	319	WITNESS my hand and seal at office, on this _____ day of _________________, 20__
320	320	__________________________________
321	321	Notary Public
322	322	My Commission Expires:
323	323	___________________________
324	324
325	325
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327	327
328	328
329	329	(back of form)
330	330	COMMON QUESTIONS ABOUT THE USE OF THIS FORM
331	331	What does the Transfer on Death (TOD) deed do? When you die, this deed
332	332	transfers the described property, subject to any liens or mortgages (or other
333	333	encumbrances) on the property at your death. Probate is not required. The TOD deed
334	334	has no effect until you die. You can revoke it at any time. You are also free to transfer
335	335	the property to someone else during your lifetime. If you do not own any interest in the
336	336	property when you die, this deed will have no effect.
337	337	How do I make a TOD deed? Complete this form. Have it acknowledged before
338	338	a notary public or other individual authorized by law to take acknowledgments. Record
339	339	the form in each county where any part of the property is located. The form has no
340	340	effect unless it is acknowledged and recorded before your death.
341	341	Is the "legal description" of the property necessary? Yes.
342	342	How do I find the "legal description" of the property? This information may be on
343	343	the deed you received when you became an owner of the property. This information
344	344	may also be available in the office of the register of deeds for the county where the
345	345	property is located. If you are not absolutely sure, consult a lawyer.
346	346	Can I change my mind before I record the TOD deed? Yes. If you have not yet
347	347	recorded the deed and want to change your mind, simply tear up or otherwise destroy
348	348	the deed.
349	349	How do I "record" the TOD deed? Take the completed and acknowledged form
350	350	to the office of the register of deeds of the county where the property is located. Follow
351	351	the instructions given by the register of deeds to make the form part of the official
352	352
353	353
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355	355
356	356	property records. If the property is in more than one county, you need to record the
357	357	deed in each county.
358	358	Can I later revoke the TOD deed if I change my mind? Yes. You can revoke the
359	359	TOD deed. No one, including the beneficiaries, can prevent you from revoking the deed.
360	360	How do I revoke the TOD deed after it is recorded? There are three ways to
361	361	revoke a recorded TOD deed: (1) Complete and acknowledge a revocation form, and
362	362	record it in each county where the property is located; (2) Complete and acknowledge a
363	363	new TOD deed that disposes of the same property, and record it in each county where
364	364	the property is located; or (3) Transfer the property to someone else during your lifetime
365	365	by a recorded deed that expressly revokes the TOD deed. You may not revoke the TOD
366	366	deed by will.
367	367	I am being pressured to complete this form. What should I do? Do not complete
368	368	this form under pressure. Seek help from a trusted family member, friend, or lawyer.
369	369	Do I need to tell the beneficiaries about the TOD deed? No, but it is
370	370	recommended. Secrecy can cause later complications and might make it easier for
371	371	others to commit fraud.
372	372	I have other questions about this form. What should I do? This form is designed
373	373	to fit some but not all situations. If you have other questions, you are encouraged to
374	374	consult a lawyer.
375	375	31-8-119. Optional form of revocation.
376	376	The following form may be used to create an instrument of revocation under this
377	377	chapter; provided, however, the other sections of this chapter govern the effect of this or
378	378	any other instrument used to revoke a transfer on death deed:
379	379	(front of form)
380	380	REVOCATION OF TRANSFER ON DEATH DEED
381	381
382	382
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384	384
385	385	NOTICE TO OWNER
386	386	This revocation must be recorded with the register of deeds before your death, or
387	387	it will not be effective. This revocation is effective only as to the interests in the property
388	388	of owners who sign this revocation.
389	389
390	390	IDENTIFYING INFORMATION
391	391	Owner or Owners of Property Making This Revocation:
392	392	___________________________ ______________________________
393	393	Printed name Mailing address
394	394	__________________________
395	395	Marital status
396	396	___________________________ ______________________________
397	397	Printed name Mailing address
398	398	__________________________
399	399	Marital status
400	400	Legal description of the property:
401	401	____________________________________________________________
402	402
403	403	REVOCATION
404	404	I revoke all my previous transfers of the property by transfer on death deed.
405	405
406	406	SIGNATURE OF OWNER OR OWNERS MAKING THIS REVOCATION
407	407	_______________________________ ________________________
408	408	Signature Date
409	409
410	410	_______________________________ ________________________
411	411	Signature Date
412	412
413	413
414	414
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416	416
417	417	State of Tennessee
418	418	County of _______________
419	419
420	420	Personally appeared before me, ___________, a notary public in and for the state and
421	421	county aforesaid, ______________________, the within named person(s), with whom I
422	422	am personally acquainted or proved to me on the basis of satisfactory evidence, and
423	423	who acknowledged that such person was the one who executed the foregoing
424	424	instrument for the purposes therein contained.
425	425	WITNESS my hand and seal at office, on this ______ day of ________________, 20__.
426	426	___________________________________
427	427	Notary Public
428	428	My Commission Expires:
429	429	___________________________
430	430
431	431	(back of form)
432	432	COMMON QUESTIONS ABOUT THE USE O F THIS FORM
433	433	How do I use this form to revoke a Transfer on Death (TOD) deed? Complete this form.
434	434	Have it acknowledged before a notary public or other individual authorized to take
435	435	acknowledgments. Record the form in the public records in the office of the register of deeds of
436	436	each county where the property is located. The form must be acknowledged and recorded
437	437	before your death or it has no effect.
438	438	How do I find the "legal description" of the property? This information may be on the
439	439	TOD deed. It may also be available in the office of the register of deeds for the county where
440	440	the property is located. If you are not absolutely sure, consult a lawyer.
441	441	How do I "record" the form? Take the completed and acknowledged form to the office of
442	442	the register of deeds of the county where the property is located. Follow the instructions given
443	443
444	444
445	445	- 16 - 000497
446	446
447	447	by the register of deeds to make the form part of the official property records. If the property is
448	448	located in more than one county, you need to record the form in each of those counties.
449	449	I am being pressured to complete this form. What should I do? Do not complete this
450	450	form under pressure. Seek help from a trusted family member, friend, or lawyer.
451	451	I have other questions about this form. What should I do? This form is designed to fit
452	452	some but not all situations. If you have other questions, consult a lawyer.
453	453	31-8-120. Uniformity of application and construction.
454	454	In applying and construing this uniform act, consideration must be given to the
455	455	need to promote uniformity of the law with respect to its subject matter among the states
456	456	that enact it.
457	457	31-8-121. Relation to electronic signatures in global and national commerce act.
458	458	This chapter modifies, limits, and supersedes the federal Electronic Signatures in
459	459	Global and National Commerce Act (15 U.S.C. § 7001, et seq.), but does not modify,
460	460	limit, or supersede § 101(c) of that act (15 U.S.C. § 7001(c)), or authorize electronic
461	461	delivery of any of the notices described in § 103(b) of that act (15 U.S.C. § 7003(b)).
462	462	SECTION 2. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 31-7-112(a), is amended by adding
463	463	the following as a new subdivision (5) and redesignating existing subdivision (5) accordingly:
464	464	(5) A transfer on death deed; or
465	465	SECTION 3. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 55-3-118, is amended by adding the
466	466	following as a new subsection:
467	467	(e)
468	468	(1) An owner may provide for the transfer of title to a motor vehicle upon
469	469	the owner's death by including in the certificate of title a designation of a
470	470	beneficiary to whom the motor vehicle must be transferred upon the death of the
471	471	owner, subject to the rights of all lienholders. A trust may be a designated
472	472
473	473
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475	475
476	476	beneficiary. If a motor vehicle is jointly owned by two (2) or more persons, then
477	477	ownership of the motor vehicle must not vest in the designated beneficiary until
478	478	the death of the last owner, subject to the rights of all lienholders.
479	479	(2) When a motor vehicle is jointly owned by two (2) or more persons, the
480	480	signatures of all owners must be required to designate a beneficiary. Only one
481	481	(1) party's signature is required to designate a beneficiary if the title is registered
482	482	in the name of one (1) spouse or where the conjunction between the names on
483	483	the title is "or."
484	484	(3) A transfer on death certificate of title must include after the name of
485	485	the owner, or owners, the words "transfer on death to" or the abbreviation "TOD"
486	486	followed by the name of the beneficiary.
487	487	(4) A beneficiary designation may be changed at any time without the
488	488	consent of a beneficiary with the filing of an application for a subsequent transfer
489	489	on death certificate of title and payment of the fee provided in § 55-6-101(a)(4).
490	490	Upon issuance of any subsequent certificate of title pursuant to this subsection
491	491	(e), the previous certificate that was issued is void.
492	492	SECTION 4. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 55-6-101(a)(4), is amended by
493	493	deleting "destroyed certificate," and substituting "destroyed certificate or a subsequent transfer
494	494	on death certificate of title pursuant to § 55-3-118(e),".
495	495	SECTION 5. Tennessee Code Annotated, Section 66-24-101(a)(12), is amended by
496	496	adding ", including transfer on death deeds" immediately after "description".
497	497	SECTION 6. The headings in this act are for reference purposes only and do not
498	498	constitute a part of the law enacted by this act. However, the Tennessee Code Commission is
499	499	requested to include the headings in any compilation or publication containing this act.
500	500
501	501
502	502	- 18 - 000497
503	503
504	504	SECTION 7. For purposes of preparing forms or promulgating rules, this act takes effect
505	505	upon becoming a law, the public welfare requiring it. For all other purposes, this act takes effect
506	506	July 1, 2025, the public welfare requiring it, and applies to transfer on death deeds or certificates
507	507	of title with a designated beneficiary made before, on, or after July 1, 2025, and by a transferor
508	508	or motor vehicle owner dying on or after July 1, 2025.