S.B. No. 683
AN ACT
relating to the employment, powers, and duties of and procedures
for matters referred to a statutory probate court judge or
associate judge.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF TEXAS:
SECTION 1. Subsections (d) and (h), Section 25.0022,
Government Code, are amended to read as follows:
(d) The presiding judge shall:
(1) ensure the promulgation of local rules of
administration in accordance with policies and guidelines set by
the supreme court;
(2) advise local statutory probate court judges on
case flow management practices and auxiliary court services;
(3) perform a duty of a local administrative statutory
probate court judge if the local administrative judge does not
perform that duty;
(4) appoint an assistant presiding judge of the
statutory probate courts;
(5) call and preside over annual meetings of the
judges of the statutory probate courts at a time and place in the
state as designated by the presiding judge;
(6) call and convene other meetings of the judges of
the statutory probate courts as considered necessary by the
presiding judge to promote the orderly and efficient administration
of justice in the statutory probate courts;
(7) study available statistics reflecting the
condition of the dockets of the probate courts in the state to
determine the need for the assignment of judges under this section;
[and]
(8) compare local rules of court to achieve uniformity
of rules to the extent practical and consistent with local
conditions; and
(9) assign a judge or former or retired judge of a
statutory probate court to hear a case under the circumstances
described by Section 25.002201(b).
(h) Subject to Section 25.002201, a [A] judge or a former or
retired judge of a statutory probate court may be assigned by the
presiding judge of the statutory probate courts to hold court in a
statutory probate court, a county court, or any statutory court
exercising probate jurisdiction when:
(1) a statutory probate judge requests assignment of
another judge to the judge's court;
(2) a statutory probate judge is absent, disabled, or
disqualified for any reason;
(3) a statutory probate judge is present or is trying
cases as authorized by the constitution and laws of this state and
the condition of the court's docket makes it necessary to appoint an
additional judge;
(4) the office of a statutory probate judge is vacant;
(5) the presiding judge of an administrative judicial
district requests the assignment of a statutory probate judge to
hear a probate matter in a county court or statutory county court;
(6) the presiding judge of the administrative judicial
district fails to timely assign a judge to replace a recused or
disqualified statutory probate court judge as described by Section
25.002201(b) [a motion to recuse the judge of a statutory probate
court has been filed];
(7) a county court judge requests the assignment of a
statutory probate judge to hear a probate matter in the county
court; or
(8) a local administrative statutory probate court
judge requests the assignment of a statutory probate judge to hear a
matter in a statutory probate court.
SECTION 2. Subchapter B, Chapter 25, Government Code, is
amended by adding Section 25.002201 to read as follows:
Sec. 25.002201. ASSIGNMENT OF JUDGE ON RECUSAL OR
DISQUALIFICATION. (a) Not later than the 15th day after the date
an order of recusal or disqualification of a statutory probate
court judge is issued in a case, the presiding judge of the
administrative judicial district shall assign a statutory probate
court judge or a former or retired judge of a statutory probate
court to hear the case if:
(1) the judge of the statutory probate court recused
himself or herself under Section 25.00255(g)(1)(A);
(2) the judge of the statutory probate court
disqualified himself or herself under Section 25.00255(g-1);
(3) the order was issued under Section
25.00255(i-3)(1); or
(4) the presiding judge of the administrative judicial
district receives notice and a request for assignment from the
clerk of the statutory probate court under Section 25.00255(l).
(b) If the presiding judge of an administrative judicial
district does not assign a judge under Subsection (a) within the
time prescribed by that subsection, the presiding judge of the
statutory probate courts may assign a judge to hear the case instead
of the presiding judge of the administrative judicial district
making the assignment under that subsection.
(c) The provisions of Section 25.0022 applicable to a judge
assigned under that section apply to the same extent to a judge
assigned under the authority of this section.
SECTION 3. Section 25.00255, Government Code, is amended by
amending Subsections (f), (g), (h), and (i) and adding Subsections
(g-1), (i-1), (i-2), (i-3), (i-4), (i-5), (l), and (m) to read as
follows:
(f) Before further proceedings in a case in which a motion
for the recusal or disqualification of a judge has been filed, the
judge shall:
(1) recuse or disqualify himself or herself; or
(2) request the assignment of a judge to hear the
motion by forwarding the motion and opposing and concurring
statements to the presiding judge of the statutory probate courts
as provided by Subsection (h).
(g) A judge who recuses himself or herself:
(1) shall enter an order of recusal and:
(A) if the judge serves a statutory probate court
located in a county with only one statutory probate court, request
that the presiding judge of the administrative judicial district
assign [statutory probate courts request the assignment of] a judge
under Section 25.002201 to hear the case; or
(B) subject to Subsection (l), if the judge
serves a statutory probate court located in a county with more than
one statutory probate court, request that the clerk who serves the
statutory probate courts in that county randomly reassign the case
to a judge of one of the other statutory probate courts located in
the county [motion for recusal or disqualification as provided by
Subsection (i)]; and
(2) may not take other action in the case except for
good cause stated in the order in which the action is taken.
(g-1) A judge who disqualifies himself or herself:
(1) shall enter an order of disqualification and
request that the presiding judge of the administrative judicial
district assign a judge under Section 25.002201 to hear the case;
and
(2) may not take other action in the case.
(h) A judge who does not recuse or disqualify himself or
herself:
(1) shall forward to the presiding judge of the
statutory probate courts, in either original form or certified
copy, an order of referral, the motion for recusal or
disqualification, and all opposing and concurring statements; and
(2) may not take other action in the case during the
time after the filing of the motion for recusal or disqualification
and before a hearing on the motion, except for good cause stated in
the order in which the action is taken.
(i) After receiving a request under Subsection [(g) or] (h),
the presiding judge of the statutory probate courts shall
immediately forward the request to the presiding judge of the
administrative judicial district and request that the presiding
judge of the administrative judicial district assign a judge to
hear the motion for recusal or disqualification. Not later than the
15th day after the date [On receipt of the request,] the presiding
judge of the administrative judicial district receives the request,
the presiding judge shall:
(1) [immediately] set a hearing before himself or
herself or a judge designated by the presiding judge, except that
the presiding judge may not designate a judge of a statutory probate
court in the same county as the statutory probate court served by
the judge who is the subject of the motion;
(2) cause notice of the hearing to be given to all
parties or their counsel to the case; and
(3) make other orders, including orders for interim or
ancillary relief, in the pending case.
(i-1) If the presiding judge of the administrative judicial
district does not assign a judge to hear a motion for recusal or
disqualification within the time prescribed by Subsection (i), the
presiding judge of the statutory probate courts may assign a judge
to hear the motion and take other action under that subsection.
(i-2) A judge who hears a motion for recusal or
disqualification under Subsection (i) or (i-1) may also hear any
amended or supplemented motion for recusal or disqualification
filed in the case.
(i-3) If a motion for recusal or disqualification is granted
after a hearing conducted as provided by Subsection (i) or (i-1),
the judge who heard the motion shall:
(1) if the judge subject to recusal or
disqualification serves a statutory probate court located in a
county with only one statutory probate court, enter an order of
recusal or disqualification, as appropriate, and request that the
presiding judge of the administrative judicial district assign a
judge under Section 25.002201 to hear the case; or
(2) subject to Subsection (l), if the judge subject to
recusal or disqualification serves a statutory probate court
located in a county with more than one statutory probate court,
enter an order of recusal or disqualification, as appropriate, and
request that the clerk who serves the statutory probate courts in
that county randomly reassign the case to a judge of one of the
other statutory probate courts located in the county.
(i-4) The presiding judge of an administrative judicial
district may delegate the judge's authority to make orders of
interim or ancillary relief under Subsection (i)(3) to the
presiding judge of the statutory probate courts.
(i-5) A judge assigned to hear a motion for recusal or
disqualification under Subsection (i) is entitled to receive the
same salary, compensation, and expenses, and to be paid in the same
manner and from the same fund, as a judge otherwise assigned under
Section 25.0022, except that a judge assigned under Subsection (i)
shall provide the information required by Section 25.0022(l) to the
presiding judge of the administrative judicial district, who shall
immediately forward the information to the presiding judge of the
statutory probate courts.
(l) If a clerk of a statutory probate court is unable to
reassign a case as requested under Subsection (g)(1)(B) or (i-3)(2)
because the other statutory probate court judges in the county have
been recused or disqualified or are otherwise unavailable to hear
the case, the clerk shall immediately notify the presiding judge of
the administrative judicial district and request that the presiding
judge of the administrative judicial district assign a judge under
Section 25.002201 to hear the case.
(m) The clerk of a statutory probate court shall immediately
notify and provide to the presiding judge of the statutory probate
courts a copy of an order of recusal or disqualification issued with
respect to the judge of the statutory probate court.
SECTION 4. Section 54.604, Government Code, is amended by
amending Subsection (d) and adding Subsections (e), (f), (g), and
(h) to read as follows:
(d) The appointment of the associate judge terminates if:
(1) [the appointing judge vacates the judge's office;
[(2)] the associate judge becomes a candidate for
election to public office; or
(2) [(3)] the commissioners court does not
appropriate funds in the county's budget to pay the salary of the
associate judge.
(e) If an associate judge serves a single court and the
appointing judge vacates the judge's office, the associate judge's
employment continues, subject to Subsections (d) and (h), unless
the successor appointed or elected judge terminates that
employment.
(f) If an associate judge serves two courts and one of the
appointing judges vacates the judge's office, the associate judge's
employment continues, subject to Subsections (d) and (h), unless
the successor appointed or elected judge terminates that employment
or the judge of the other court served by the associate judge
terminates that employment as provided by Subsection (c).
(g) If an associate judge serves more than two courts and an
appointing judge vacates the judge's office, the associate judge's
employment continues, subject to Subsections (d) and (h), unless:
(1) if no successor judge has been elected or
appointed, the majority of the judges of the other courts the
associate judge serves vote to terminate that employment; or
(2) if a successor judge has been elected or
appointed, the majority of the judges of the courts the associate
judge serves, including the successor judge, vote to terminate that
employment as provided by Subsection (b).
(h) Notwithstanding the powers of an associate judge
provided by Section 54.610, an associate judge whose employment
continues as provided by Subsection (e), (f), or (g) after the judge
of a court served by the associate judge vacates the judge's office
may perform administrative functions with respect to that court,
but may not perform any judicial function, including any power
prescribed by Section 54.610, with respect to that court until a
successor judge is appointed or elected.
SECTION 5. Section 54.610, Government Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 54.610. POWERS OF ASSOCIATE JUDGE. (a) Except as
limited by an order of referral, an associate judge may:
(1) conduct a hearing;
(2) hear evidence;
(3) compel production of relevant evidence;
(4) rule on the admissibility of evidence;
(5) issue a summons for the appearance of witnesses;
(6) examine a witness;
(7) swear a witness for a hearing;
(8) make findings of fact on evidence;
(9) formulate conclusions of law;
(10) recommend an order to be rendered in a case;
(11) regulate all proceedings in a hearing before the
associate judge; [and]
(12) take action as necessary and proper for the
efficient performance of the associate judge's duties;
(13) order the attachment of a witness or party who
fails to obey a subpoena;
(14) order the detention of a witness or party found
guilty of contempt, pending approval by the referring court as
provided by Section 54.616;
(15) without prejudice to the right to a de novo
hearing under Section 54.618, render and sign:
(A) a final order agreed to in writing as to both
form and substance by all parties;
(B) a final default order;
(C) a temporary order;
(D) a final order in a case in which a party files
an unrevoked waiver made in accordance with Rule 119, Texas Rules of
Civil Procedure, that waives notice to the party of the final
hearing or waives the party's appearance at the final hearing;
(E) an order specifying that the court clerk
shall issue:
(i) letters testamentary or of
administration; or
(ii) letters of guardianship; or
(F) an order for inpatient or outpatient mental
health, mental retardation, or chemical dependency services; and
(16) sign a final order that includes a waiver of the
right to a de novo hearing in accordance with Section 54.618.
(b) An associate judge may, in the interest of justice,
refer a case back to the referring court regardless of whether a
timely objection to the associate judge hearing the trial on the
merits or presiding at a jury trial has been made by any party.
(c) An order described by Subsection (a)(15) that is
rendered and signed by an associate judge constitutes an order of
the referring court. The judge of the referring court shall sign
the order not later than the 30th day after the date the associate
judge signs the order.
(d) An answer filed by or on behalf of a party who previously
filed a waiver described in Subsection (a)(15)(D) revokes that
waiver.
SECTION 6. Section 54.612, Government Code, is amended by
amending Subsections (a), (b), and (c) and adding Subsection (e) to
read as follows:
(a) A court reporter may be provided [is not required]
during a hearing held by an associate judge appointed under this
subchapter unless required by other law. A court reporter is
required to be provided when the associate judge presides over a
jury trial.
(b) A party, the associate judge, or the referring court may
provide for a reporter during the hearing, if one is not otherwise
provided.
(c) Except as provided by Subsection (a), in the absence of
a court reporter or on agreement of the parties, the [The] record
[of a hearing before an associate judge] may be preserved by any
means approved by the referring court.
(e) On a request for a de novo hearing, the referring court
may consider testimony or other evidence in the record, if the
record is taken by a court reporter, in addition to witnesses or
other matters presented under Section 54.618.
SECTION 7. Section 54.614, Government Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 54.614. REPORT. (a) The associate judge's report may
contain the associate judge's findings, conclusions, or
recommendations. The associate judge shall prepare a written
report in the form directed by the referring court, including in the
form of:
(1) [. The form may be] a notation on the referring
court's docket sheet; or
(2) a proposed order.
(b) After a hearing, the associate judge shall provide the
parties participating in the hearing notice of the substance of the
associate judge's report, including any proposed order.
(c) Notice may be given to the parties:
(1) in open court, by an oral statement or a copy of
the associate judge's written report; [or]
(2) by certified mail, return receipt requested; or
(3) by facsimile transmission.
(d) There is a rebuttable presumption that notice is
received [The associate judge shall certify the date of mailing of
notice by certified mail. Notice is considered given] on the [third
day after the] date stated on:
(1) the signed return receipt, if notice was provided
by certified mail; or
(2) the confirmation page produced by the facsimile
machine, if notice was provided by facsimile transmission [of
mailing].
(e) After a hearing conducted by an associate judge, the
associate judge shall send the associate judge's signed and dated
report, including any proposed order, and all other papers relating
to the case to the referring court.
SECTION 8. The heading to Section 54.615, Government Code,
is amended to read as follows:
Sec. 54.615. NOTICE OF RIGHT TO DE NOVO HEARING BEFORE
REFERRING COURT [APPEAL].
SECTION 9. Subsection (a), Section 54.615, Government Code,
is amended to read as follows:
(a) An associate judge shall give all parties notice of the
right to a de novo hearing before [of appeal to the judge of] the
referring court.
SECTION 10. Section 54.616, Government Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 54.616. ORDER OF COURT. (a) Pending a de novo hearing
before [appeal of the associate judge's report to] the referring
court, a proposed order or judgment [the decisions and
recommendations] of the associate judge has [judge's report have]
the force and effect, and is [are] enforceable as, an order or
judgment of the referring court, except for an order [orders]
providing for [incarceration or for] the appointment of a receiver.
(b) Except as provided by Section 54.610(c), if a request
for a de novo hearing before [If an appeal to] the referring court
is not timely filed or the right to a de novo hearing before [an
appeal to] the referring court is waived, the proposed order or
judgment [findings and recommendations] of the associate judge
becomes [become] the order or judgment of the referring court at the
time the judge of the referring court signs the proposed [an] order
or judgment [conforming to the associate judge's report].
SECTION 11. Section 54.617, Government Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 54.617. JUDICIAL ACTION ON ASSOCIATE JUDGE'S PROPOSED
ORDER OR JUDGMENT [REPORT]. (a) Unless a party files a written
request for a de novo hearing before the referring court [notice of
appeal], the referring court may:
(1) adopt, modify, or reject the associate judge's
proposed order or judgment [report];
(2) hear further evidence; or
(3) recommit the matter to the associate judge for
further proceedings.
(b) The judge of the referring court shall sign a proposed
order or judgment the court adopts as provided by Subsection (a)(1)
not later than the 30th day after the date the associate judge
signed the order or judgment.
SECTION 12. Section 54.618, Government Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 54.618. DE NOVO HEARING BEFORE [APPEAL TO] REFERRING
COURT. (a) A party may request a de novo hearing before the
referring court [appeal an associate judge's report] by filing with
the clerk of the referring court a written request [notice of
appeal] not later than the seventh working [third] day after the
date the party receives notice of the substance of the associate
judge's report as provided by Section 54.614.
(b) A request for a de novo hearing under this section must
specify the issues that will be presented [An appeal] to the
referring court [must be made in writing and specify the findings
and conclusions of the associate judge to which the party objects.
The appeal is limited to the findings and conclusions specified in
the written appeal].
(c) In the de novo hearing before the referring court, the
[The] parties may present witnesses [on appeal to the referring
court as in a hearing de novo] on the issues specified [raised] in
the request for hearing [appeal]. The referring court may also
consider the record from the hearing before the associate judge,
including the charge to and verdict returned by a jury, if the
record was taken by a court reporter.
(d) Notice of a request for a de novo hearing before [an
appeal to] the referring court must be given to the opposing
attorney in the manner provided by Rule 21a, Texas Rules of Civil
Procedure.
(e) If a request for a de novo hearing before [an appeal to]
the referring court is filed by a party, any other party may file a
request for a de novo hearing before [an appeal to] the referring
court not later than the seventh day after the date of filing of the
initial request [appeal].
(f) The referring court, after notice to the parties, shall
hold a de novo hearing [on all appeals] not later than the 30th day
after the date on which the initial request for a de novo hearing
[appeal] was filed with the clerk of the referring court, unless all
of the parties agree to a later date.
(g) Before the start of a hearing conducted by an associate
judge, the parties may waive the right of a de novo hearing before
[appeal to] the referring court. The waiver may be in writing or on
the record.
(h) The denial of relief to a party after a de novo hearing
under this section or a party's waiver of the right to a de novo
hearing before the referring court does not affect the right of a
party to file a motion for new trial, motion for judgment
notwithstanding the verdict, or other post-trial motion.
(i) A party may not demand a second jury in a de novo hearing
before the referring court if the associate judge's proposed order
or judgment resulted from a jury trial.
SECTION 13. Section 54.619, Government Code, is amended to
read as follows:
Sec. 54.619. APPELLATE REVIEW. (a) A party's failure to
request a de novo hearing before [Failure to appeal to] the
referring court or a party's waiver of the right to request a de
novo hearing before[, by waiver or otherwise, the approval by] the
referring court [of an associate judge's report] does not deprive
the [a] party of the right to appeal to or request other relief from
a court of appeals or the supreme court.
(b) Except as provided by Subsection (c), the [The] date the
judge of a referring court signs an order or judgment is the
controlling date for the purposes of appeal to or request for other
relief from a court of appeals or the supreme court.
(c) The date an order described by Section 54.610(a)(15) is
signed by an associate judge is the controlling date for the purpose
of an appeal to, or a request for other relief relating to the order
from, a court of appeals or the supreme court.
SECTION 14. The changes in law made by this Act to Chapter
54, Government Code, apply to a matter referred to a statutory
probate court associate judge on or after the effective date of this
Act. A matter referred to a statutory probate court associate judge
before the effective date of this Act is governed by the law in
effect on the date the matter was referred to the associate judge,
and the former law is continued in effect for that purpose.
SECTION 15. This Act takes effect September 1, 2009.
______________________________ ______________________________
President of the Senate Speaker of the House
I hereby certify that S.B. No. 683 passed the Senate on
March 19, 2009, by the following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0; and that
the Senate concurred in House amendments on May 30, 2009, by the
following vote: Yeas 31, Nays 0.
______________________________
Secretary of the Senate
I hereby certify that S.B. No. 683 passed the House, with
amendments, on May 27, 2009, by the following vote: Yeas 148,
Nays 0, one present not voting.
______________________________
Chief Clerk of the House
Approved:
______________________________
Date
______________________________
Governor